J LI 11. ; -. I;' ! i -. . i v. .J f. ; . i iiiuuu unit kjjuii lmiJUi EBENSBURG, PA. THURSDAY, JANUARY 31. 1850. 0Thc Scntimel, has much the largest cir culation of any paper published in this county and as an advertising sheet offers superior inducements to merchants and business men generally. Those desirous of making use of this medium for extending their business can do so by either sending their notices direct, or through the following agents; John Crouse, Esq., Johnstown. E. W. Carr Evans Buildings, Third st. Philadelphia. V. B. Palmer, Esq., New York, Philadelphia tmd Baltimore. Appointments by the Canal Board. We learn from report, for wehave not eenthem announced officially, that ihe fol lowing appointments have been made by the Canal Commisioners, in addition to those we published in our last. Collectors. Dr. Marchand, Johnstown. M'Cullough, Freeport. Hays, Pittsburg. James M'Farland, Blairsviile. TVeighmasters. Cotter, Scales, Johnstown. Wra. B. Clark, Lock, do. Supervisors. John Peters, Upper portion West. Ullam, Lower do do Div. do. State Agents, Portage Railroad. Wra. M'Farland. O. A. Traugh, Sam uel Barr, M'Intire, Hiram Edson, Joseph Kemp, and one other whose name we did not learn. I lie reason assigned for the appoint ment of the additional number of State Agents is, that it is the intention of the Canal Commissioners to give the State tne ot beneht carrying all the emigrants across the Portage Road. We are glad to see this, as affording another evidence of the determination on the part of the Canal Board to render our public improvements as profitable to the State as possible. It is estimated that the adoption of this plan alone will be the means of saving eight or nine thousand dollars to the State. We confidently predict that under the manage ment of the present able and experienced Board of Canal Commissioners, our pub lie improvements will yield a larger reve nue to the State, than at anv time since their construction. Appointments. e learn that Wm. S. Campbell. Esq. Superintendent of the Portage Railroadf has made the following appointments. Clerk George W. Babb, of Lycoming county. .Issistants Thomas M'Kiernan, of Johnstown, and Nelson, of Holli- daysburg. We think Mr. Campbell has been pe culiarly fortunate in the selection of his Assistants. They are gentleman whose long and intimate acquaintance with the business of the Road, will enable them to discharge the duties of the post in a man ner beneficial to the Stale, and creditable to themselves. The Xeit Apportoinment- By reference to a table in anotaer col umn of this paper, which we copy from the Pennsylvania), it will be seen that the whole number of taxables in the State amounts to 480,733. This shows an in. crease of nearly 100,000 since the appor tionment of 1812. As the House of Rep sentatives contains one hundred members, and the Senate thirty-three, the ratio for a member of the House will be 4,867, and foraSenator, 14,601. How will this apply in reference to Cambria county? Although she has not the number of taxables required for a sep arate representation, yet she comes so near to it that we cannot 'for a momet doubt that the Legislature will deem her entitled to one. When the apportionment was made in 1842, the ratio was 3,874, andthe number of taxable in Cambria county was only about 2100, yet she was allowed a separate representation. Now we have something over 3600 taxables, nearer bv two hundred of the amount required than in 1842, and our county is increasing much more rapidly in proportion than it was then. From this it will appear evident that Cambria is better entitled to a sep arate representation than she was in 1842 and we venture the prediction that before ihe expiration of the next seven years her taxables will be considerably more than 1967. Flogging ta the NaT j . We ate gratified to peceive a disposition manifested in Congress to change the old and barbarous mode of punishment now practiced in the Navy of the United States which should, in our opinion, have been done long before this time. The punish ment of flogging may have been a pioper mode at the time it was established, but the progress of civilization has been so great in this and other parts of the world, and has changed so many of the laws,usa ges and customs that existed previous to, and during the Revolutionary War, that thi3 practice is now being regarded as one of the few remaining vestiges of a darker atre which should be abolished. We think that the wisdom of Congress is suf ficient to devise some other way more con sistent with the present age of progress and civilization. Among other movements in behalf of the poor sailor, we observe 4 that Hon. Job Mann, our able Representa tive in Congress from this District, has in troduced a resolution on the subject, which we find in the Washington Globe as fol lows: "Mr. Mann, of Pennsylvania submitted the following Resolution &c. "Whereas, by an Act of Congress, en titled "An Act for the government of the United States," passed 2d March 1779, Sect. 1, Art. 3d, Seamen are allowed to be flogged for certain offences, if the Cap tain 6hall think proper, which by the 4th Article of the same Act, is limited to twelve lashes on the bare back with cat-o'- nine-tails. And Whereas, public sentiment, human ity, and every principle ot republicanism and justice demand that such a barbarous aw should be stricken from our statute book: "Therefore, be it resolved, That the committee on Naval Affairs be instructed to enquire into the expediency of report ing a bill repealing that part of said Act of Congress authorizing the flogging of Amer ican seamen, and providing if necessary, some other mode of punishment better adapted to civHization and the age in which wc live. tSPThe number published in this pa per concludes the series of articles of our correspondent "Justice" on the subject of "Tariff Duties and Protection." It must be admitted, after a perusal of the articles which have appeared in the Senti nel, that Justice has handled the subject ably and well, and, although some may think him too radical in some of his views, that he has made himself pretty intimate with his subject in all its details, and does not deduct conclusions without cogent We shall be pleased to hear reasons, from him m i- I L Ull OM ViJlVi wuijvv w i he may choose to giverhis views rPT!ie letter from a friend in Harris" burg was received too late for this paper but will appear in our next, be pleased to receive some same sort. We would more of the Godey's Lady's Book The January and February numbers of this unrivalled American Magazine have been received. They both contain a large number of elegantly executed and beauti ful embelishmeuts, and the literary contri butions are, as usual, from the pens of the ablest and best American writer. It seems to us that Godey is determined to make each succeeding number excel the former one, both'in the elegance of the en gravings and the character of the literary reading. Teacher's Magazine. The third number of this useful maga zine has been received. It is devoted to the cause of Education, and is conducted with ability and taste, and is therefore worthy of extensive patronage. It is edi ted by the Rev. J. J. Buchanan, Pittsburg, and is only one dollar per annum. ,.The Ltislatnre. Although a large amount of business has already been done by the Legislature, it has generally been of a local character, and consequently uninteresting to the o-en-. , erai reader. Ihe proposed amendment to the Constitution, making the Judiciary electiive, will be adopted, and submitted to the people for their adoption or'rejec- tion at the election next fall. From pres em indications we think that not a single new county will be created, and not a sin gle new Uank chartered. Ave observe among the proceedings of the 4th inst. that Dr. Wm. A. Smith presented a peti tion from two hundred citizens of Cone maugh township, praying for a change in tne place of holding elections in that township; also a remonstrance from one hundred and forty -two citizens of Cambria county, against any dismemberment of said count'. rFWe have nothinxr of intnrQt fmm i Congress, Eloquent and Tr fie.-1 " i into office, -says the Petersburg Republi can, with great force, one of those- melan choly events which bring a whole nation to tears, and fling- around its remotest cir cumference the afflicting emblems of sin cere mourning has occurred. The hand whose generous, cordial grasp most proba bly gave him the first salutation after his installation, has been chilled by death the heart that beat responsive to the wel" fare and the glory of his country, and they prayed as fervently for its uninterrupted prosperity as ever heart did pray, has ceased to answer to the joys or sorrows of man the last and not the least illustra tion of his many honored predecessors has died; but, in vain we look for any al lusion to the sad disaster, in this his first message to the Congress of the nation since its occurrence. No mention of the event no syllable to record the mighty uphea ving of the national heart, the universal lamentation which lell lrom the nation s lips when it first caught the news that James K. Polk was dead! But, we beg pardon for introducing a theme so painful and melancholy in con nexion with a document which is more suggestive of laughter than of tears. Drowned. We learn from the John stown Echo, that two Irishman (names unknown) in attempting to cross the Con emangh River, about eight miles below that place, on the evening of Monday, 21st inst., with two horses and carts, DroKe through the ice and were all drowned. They had been employed on the Central Railroad. lThe Whigs, with the assistance of the Free Soilers, have succeeded in post poning jjthe election of Door-keeper and Postmaster to Congress until March, 1851. This settles the matter, and the present officers hold on according to this resolution during the present Congress. rp Alexander L. Russell, Esq., of Bed ford county, has been appointed by Gov. Johnston Secretary of the Commonwealth, in place of Hon. Townsend Haines, re- signed. Mr. liaines was recently appoin- ed Register of the United States Treasury which was the cause of his resignation. The Working of onr Government- A. French gentleman, who was at Wash- jington when Congress passed through the transition state of electing a Speaker thus ! v nrnccofl li i m col f in rnfrorrl ir tVio ni nl to he drawn lrom the spectacle: "Americans are evidently intended for self government, and the last twenty days passed in abnormal state support this opin- ; ion. Yet I admired the framers of the constitution who placed the seat of the empire far above the operations of the mob. Had the Congress been held in New York, Paris or London, it would have been impossible to prevent the mob from assembling around the building, and the deliberations would have been inflenc ed by the strong pressure from without. "Indeed the members went to Congress as to a scientific meeting; they stoically bore the tediousness of 64 ballotings, and ended by organizing the House. To an unprejudiced mind, the calm and perfect quietness "of all the citizens of the Union during that little struggle, shows the mark ed difference between the people of the United States and those of European Gov ernments. The President waited patient ly the organization of the House and the country did the same; so certain are the Americans that they are masters of them selves, and that the noble and gigantic structure of the vessel of State cannot be wrecked on a grain of sand." .In Independent Fortune from the Gold Diggings. On the arrival of the steamship "Cherokee," a few days since, there was among her passengers a com pany of men numbering twelve, who brought with them the heavy amount of JSllU.UUU in Jumps of gold, worth from five to a hundred dollars each. They took rooms at Dunlap's hotel in Fulton street, and having changed a large por tion of it offfor coin, they all left for their respective homes yesterday, some going North and others going East and West. It appears that some of this company have been gone four and five years, and others from one to three years. Severalof them followed the coast until the gold mania broke forth, when they left their vessels and at once proceeded to the mines. We learn that all of them accumulated the most part of their fortunes by "digging" day and night. This is the most success, ful company that have recently arriv cd at this port. New York Xews. Liberia. It was stated by Mr. Clay, in his recent address at a meeting of the Colonization Society, at Washington, that the colony at Liberia will effect the pur chase of the line of sea-cost for which they have been negotiating with the natives for some time past. Mr. Gurney, the great Quaker banker of London, and a gentle man of L-incinuati, having each contribu ted 85,000 for this purpose. This will ensure the breaking up of the worst lavc! factories in Africa. ' For the Sentinel. ! Turifl Untie and Protection. No. 8. The ordinary methods of creating State revenue, often prove insufficient to meet State expenses, and recourse is sometimes had to a direct tax on property. But this is so intolerble to extensive property hol ders, that some scheme must bedevisedo shift this too, unto the shoulders of labor. For this purpose when a surplus revenue accrues in the National treasury, extorted as it chicflv is from labor by tariff duties, this surplus must be divided among the States to pay State expenses while labor is again to be taxed to replenish the na tional treasury, and to operate as a protec tive. Again the price of the public lands has been sought to be diverted from its legiti mate use, and to be applied to State pur poses, and leave the National Government to be supported by tariff duties paid by labor. These schemes however having been foiled for a time by an honest nation al administration, a new plan has been hit upon, to divert the public lands from the use of the National Government, for the purDose of creating a necessity for tariff duties, to operate as a protection to capital and to defraud labor. This is to feed av arice and speculation by giving to particu lar States or corporate companies, dona tions of the public lands, to make local improvements the berefits of which can only extend to capitalists in particular lo calities, to the exclusion of all others. Now if the public lands are to be taken from the use of the people of the whole country, and to be bestowed on individual interests it would be more in accordance with the spirit of the age, to distribute them, as the God of nature intended them to be distrbuted to the poor and landless whose natural right to a part of ihe Lord's earth to live upon, is equally as valid as that of the most wealthy. Another means to create a necessity for tariff duties to defraud fabor of the benefit individual States, and particular localities is to commerce is a system of local im provements, by the National Governments which must tax the labor of the whole country to accommodate individual and local interests. in short every aim of the protectionists is to squander the public oney to furnish a pretext for lev ying tariff duties to operate as a protection; and the blind zeal which obscures their vision in this matter, prevents them from seeing that if they were permitted to carry out their measures of protection they would destroy the revenue altogether and compel a return to direct taxation. But what, says the stupid defender of this thieving policy, does "the fellow want to get at?" Why he wishes to oppose the downright frauds and robberies of the whig protective policy, and to sanction no law that will not protect (in the words of thatTariff Meeting' at Ebensburg) "alike the manufacturer, the farmer the mechanic and the laboring man. To do this we must indeed modify the protective policy, and modify it until we modify it out of existence, since it is its peculiar "province to rob "alke" the merchant, the farmer, the mechanic and the laboring man, for the exclusive benefit of manufacturing capital ists, idlers and speculators. Mr. Justice is hostile to home manufac tures says somebody. There is not one word of truth in any such a charge. But I wish to see manufactures placed on equal footing with other"interests." and am hos tile only to the principle of defrauding all other interests for their exclusive benefit, and I would be equally as much opposed to any measures that would wrong them for the benefit of any other business." JUSTICE. The Emperor Fanslin I. A correspondent of the Providence Journal, writing from Geneva, Switzer land, on the llth of December last, says: "Owing to the fact that the French part of Hayti over which the Emperor Faustin I. reigns is French, and the French lan guage is the language of the people and the court, we have on this side of the water received more full and definite ac counts than you in America. A number of the agents of the Emperor are at this moment in Paris, procuring most costly habiliments and furniture for his majesty, They are also commissioned to bring back to Hayti a corps of artifts, servants, dan cers, musicians, fcc, &c, in order to surround the new court with the splendor which in the days of Napoleon, shone in the saloons of St. Cloud and the Tuileries. The Paris comic papers and Charivari have teemed with most laughable carica lures of the new Emperor Faustin, in boots and cocked hat, a la Napoleon. One represents him standing, with spy-glass in hand, inspecting in the distance nu merous dead bodies dangling upon gib bets Another represents him flogging with cat-o'-nine-tails his prime minister. Another still portrays his sable majesty twice offering to M. Dupin, President of the French National Assemb-y, a fine large cat-o'-nine-tails, which he recom mends to the honorable president as be ing a most excellent article fur reducing to order the stormy elements of the Na tional Assembly. One artist has portray ed the emperor in the act of rubding off the'burnt cork from a white man's face, the unfortunate individ ual havng vainly endeavored to pass for a full blooded black. Punch is not behind-hand, and came out last week with a letter from Hayti, sta ting that, although white men were pro hibited from holding office or being natu ralized in Hayti, yet they were tolerated, and had separate galleries assigned them in the churches and in the theatres." Tin is now imported from China. From the Harrisbwrg Keystone. CajQjt and Irritating toward the Sonth. The difficulties constandy interposed by the abolitionists;, to the people of, the south reclaiming their, runaway slaves found in the non-slave holding states, is one of the greatest causes of irritation be tween the two sections of the Union. The Governor of Maryland transmitted the fol lowing message to the legislature, on the 11th inst.. which we copy from the Balti more Sun. together with the resolutions adopted in 'pursuance of the message by the House of Delegates: Department of State, Annapolis, Marlyand, January 11th, 1850. To the House of Delegates: I herewith tiansmit the accompanying papers having reference to two several cases, arisin? under the constitution of the United States, and the act of Congress approved on the 12th of February, 1793, in relation to the re-capture of lugitives from service and labor. From the first of these papers it will be perceived that a negro man, named Joseph Belt, the slave of John Lee, Esq., a citi zen of Frederick county, who had previ ously absconded from the service of his master, was arrested in the city of New York, on or about the 20th day of De cember, 1848; and immediately thereafter, and before his removal to this state, was taken from the possession of Mr. Lee, under and by authority of a writ of hube- as corpus, issued by one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the state of New York. It will further appear that, at the hearing of the case, although the proper ty, in the slave, was clearly established by the c onfessions of the negro himself, and by the testimony of competent wit nesses, proof was required by the court to be presented that slavery was author ised by the laws of Maryland; and, al though the evidence of that fact was sup plied, both by the oral testimony of wit nesses and by the production of the print ed statues of the state, such as are read in our own courts, that evidence was reject ed, and the respondent was held to furnish, as the only legal and admissable evidence a copy of the law itself, under the certifi cate of the Governor and seal of the state. Such evidence not being at hand, the slave was forthwith discharged, and his owner, under color of law, deprived of his pro perty in manifest violation of the constitu tion of the United States and the act of Congress above referred to. This extra ordinary decision, in derogation as it is of the plain meaning and intendment of the constitution, and designed as it was, to interpose greater difficulties in the way of the re-capture of fugitive slaves, than had previously existed, will, nevertheless, as long as it remains unreversed, be consid- ered authority in the state of New York, and it is of the greatest importance to the people of Maryland that measures should be taken to test its constitutionality. It is, therefore, respectfully suggested that a resolution be passed directing the attorney general, at the cost of this state, to carry the case, by writ of error, or otherwise, to the Supreme court of the United States, in order that the subject may be examined by that tribunal, and the decision reversed. The other papers consist of a commu nication from a citizen of Virginia, of high character, accompanied with affidavits setting forth that a certain Jonathan Little, of Washington county, in this state, is now in confinement in the jail of Hunting don county, in the state of Pennsylvania, awaiting his trial upon an indictment of kidnapping a negro. The facts, as stated, are that Jonathan Little, together with two other persons, arrested, in that county a fugitive slave named Jacob Tenley, the property of Elizabeth McClean, of Fred erick county, and while in the act of con veying him to his owner, the slave rescued from their hands and set at liberty. That, sometime afterwards, Jonathan Little hav ing returned to Huntingdon county, was arrested and imprisoned in the jail of that county, in a narrow cell, heavily ironed, and treated in all respects as a felon. It is further stated that the trial of Little was continued from the last term of the court of that county, notwithstanding his wit nesses were all in attendence, until the January term, which will take place in a few weeks from this time; that Little is a poor man, and unable to employ and pay counsel to defend him. It is, therefore, suggested in these papers that it is the duty of the state of Maryland to provide him counsel, in order that he may be properly defended. These cases present two instances, out of the very many others, to show the ob stacles that are constantly interposed to prevent the re-capture of absconding slaves not only by the populace, but by the judi cial tribunals. The whole subject is respectfully sub mitted for your consideration and action. PHILIP F. THOMAS. The following is a copy of the resolu tions introduced in the House yesterday, by Mr. Causin, from the judiciary com mittee, to whom the subject had oeen re ferred. Whereas, It is represented to this Gen eral Assembly, that in the matter of the attempt of John Lee, a citizen of Freder ick county, in the state of Maryland, to re-capture his slave Joseph Belt, within the limit of the state of New York, the said negro slave was discharged from cus tody by J. W. Edmonds, a Justice of the Supreme court, of the state of New York, upon grounds going to the entire practical abrogation of all laws passed by Congress, to secure the master guarantee of his fugi tive property provided by section 2d, of article 4th, of the constitution of the Uni ted States; and whereas, the question, in interest, i3 not confined to the individual party, but miterially concerns the whole population of the atate; and"" whereat, iYTt the duty of the state to assume direction of all action Involving her federal irlatioLg with her sister states in whatever sha& presented; therefore, - Be it resolved by the General Assemblr of Maryland, That the Attorney General of the state of Maryland be and he u hereby directed to take all necessary stepi at the expense of the state, to have tha decision rendered by J. W. EdmnnA. Justice of the Supreme court of the stalo of New York, in the matter of the petition of Joseph Belt, claimed zs the slave of John Lee, reviewed by the highestjudicial tribunal iu the state of New York, and if necessary, to prosecute a further Jappi on behalf of the said John Lee, to the Su. pi erne court of the United States, and tha for his services in this behalf, the Treasu rer is directed to pay out of any unappr0, priated funds, to the order of the Attorney General; such sum as the Governor of ih. state in his judgment may allow. ' And be it further resolved. That the Treasurer of the state of Maryland be and he is hereby directed to refund to the said John Lee such expense as he may hare incurred in consequence of the application for discharge by the said Joseph Belt.. Which was read the first, and by a ape cial order the second time, and adopted. Whatever may be the feelings of the people of the non-slaveholding states, cn the subject of slavery, they are bound to respect the obligations of the constitution of their country, in good faith. If this is not do:i2, but a constant irritation kept up, by improper interference with the rights of the southern people, by the abo litionists, the bonds of union will inevita bly be weakened and may eventually be severed. While we oppose the pvtpn.:- . i of slavery into free territories, we are bound to do justice, and fulfil our consu tutional obligations to the people of those states where slavery has been recognised. The decision of the Supreme court of the United States, which denies all legislative jurisdiction over the subject to the states, does not absolve the citizens from their duty to respect the government and laws of their country. If the concientioui opinions and feelings of any citizen will not allow him to do any act against the liberty of the slave, he ought, at least, to have regard enough for the laws of the land, not to do anything that will jeopard the peace and safety of his country. It is our opinion, that the masses of the people, whose liberties and happiness are so deep ly involved in the issue of this question, should speak out on it, in a manner that will make their sentiments be respected and obeyed. Since the decision of the Supreme court of the United States has abrogated all state laws on the subject, it is the impera tive duty of Congress, to make some more suitable and efficient provision than is con tained in the act of 1793, to enable the southern people to enforce their rights by law, and at the same time, to protect all persons against unfounded claims. Such a law is essential to the peace and safety of our own community, to prevent riots and bloodshed, and if we had a vote in Congress, we would most undoubtedly vote for lstich an act, properly guarded; and we think the man who would refuse to pass such a law, is inimical to the exis tence of the Union itself, as well as care less of the peace, the prosperity and the lives of his fellow citizens. As to the case in Huntingdon county, alluded to by Gov. Thomas, we know nothing, and we are unwilling to believe that our fellow citizens of that county would treat, unnecess?rily, any humsn being with the cruelty alleged. We think, however, that it is due to the character of the state, that the legislature should, at once, institute an inquiry into the facts and circumstances of the case, so that, if the allegations made are incorrect, the character of Pennsylvania and her citizens, may be vindicated; and that, if wrong h3S been perpetrated, a remedy and redress should be afforded to the aggrieved, an4 such occurrences prevented, if possible, in the future. From Santa Fe. St. Loris, Jan. 29. Intelligence has been received from Santa Fe, up to the 28 November. Ten days previously, Maj. Green went with a large force in pursuit of the Eutavr Indians, who had taken Mrs. White pris oner. Gen. Green came in sight of where the Indians were encamped, when, per ceiving him, they shot Mrs. White, and fled, leaving their campequipage and twa Indian children. The body of the lady was recovered, but no trace of the child coula be found. It will be recollected that her husband, with eight others, were killed, when she and her children wer taken prisoners. An affray occurred at Santa Fe lately, between Captain Alexander Papin and s. man named Wheeler, in which the former was killed. A man named John Adams was mur dered at Perra Blanca. A. J. Limms was to be hung at Sants Fe, on the 12th November, for the mur der of John Jackson. Col. Calhoun, the Indian agent, bad failed In treating with the Indians. . Thomas Boggs had arrived at Santa Fe, from California. He brought reports from Santa Fe miners, representing them to have been very successful. Mrs. M, Jones is successfully conduct? ing a Theatre at Santa Fe. A new paper, called the New Mexicas, has been started. It advocates the claims of Texas. Hon. James Buchanan, late Secretary of State, has arrived in Washington, s4 taken rooms at Gadsby's Hotel. r I? -4- V (I
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers