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U. S. GOVERN,MENT
President— Asortrw Jolt:Naos,
Vice l'.ealdent —L. S. l'OnT Ell,
Secretary of State—W)l. ll.Ssvrano,
Secretary of interior—Jas. 11.1.1..‘5,
Secretary of Treasury-11'0mi 11e,'unocii,
Secretary o 1 War-1 iowiN Al. STANTON,
secretary of Navy—Wm:es
Po4t4ter Geberril—W M. DENNISON.
!•:oru.iy deneral—.lo3loo S. SPEED.
lefJustice of the 1J nli 0.1 SiIIIOB—'SALMON D. Cease.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
Governor—A:o.am 0 CURTIN,
Satre cry of ntate—ELl SLIFER,
Surveyor General— JAMES . BARR,
A••dltnr General—lsAnc Stmcra,
Attorney General— Wm. 31. 51Eittpirn.
Ijutant General—A 1. RLYS4ELL,
State Treaaurer-11El.IRV D. )loons.
Ohief.Y.x tic of the Supreme Court—Clso. W.Wooe
WARD
COUNTY OFFICERS.
President Judge—lion James It. Graham.
A Isoclate Judges—llon. Nlichael Cocklin, Hon.
Hugh Stuart
District Attorney—J. {V. D. Gillelen.
Pr .th,notary—Sainuel Shireman.
Cl , irlt an I Recorder—Ephraim Cornman,
Register—Cleo W. North.
MO Sheriff —John Jacobs.
CoUnty Treasurer—llenry S. Ritter.
Coraner Sn.ith
County Commissioners—Henry Karns, John DI
litehell McClellan,
Superintendent of Poor frow.e—llenry Snyder. '
Physician to Jall—Dr. IV. Dale.
Physician in Poor lloune—Dr. IV IV. halo.
BOROUGH OFFICERS
Chief purges , —Jahn Campbell.
A.slataut Burgess— William Cameron,
T us su W l/ An
dress 11. %.1,21,T, Geo. Wetgol, Chn. U. lit lfer, Barnet
Iluffinan, 0 est %% K Il harem.. John !lays, 'Lulu.
111. Black. S. 0. 1111110:in ('lurk, ja4. Al 11asonhaininer
Borough Treasure!, On, Id Cortinuto.
nigh Cuusialile, Email us! Su Ariz, Ward Constables,
East Ward, A nareur Martin, 11 rat hard, ,!amen Wid•
Assessor—William No:ll<er.
=I
Gar—to .Irew IC err, Ward Co , levt org— East
Ward, Jae• II ii,,od• gat 11 egt • ard, II It I .lllllams
S treat Comtgi•gi•li r. Patrick Nladdotl
.hi. leas of tie .'• \ b ,n4ler. David Smith
.\ brie 11 •heff •
lioiromb
Lamp Lighters--Alex. ',leek. LeN i Albert.
CIIUCCIIES
First Pri,byt,•riao Churl,, \ ortllv.esi angle , ofCeb
Ire Squaro. itoy Coowa) I'. %ling Pastor —ScrOurt,
every Sunday moruiog at 11 o'clock, A. M., moil 7
O'r lOC N. I'. 71.
5////,/11 I l'resbyt//ritin I:hure h. ////rLI/•1 r.f . !Louth 11 / ,/,
over /Lod 1/../111/1/L //tro/et, ILI., .1.,111/
.Ii 17 // :loch, A. )1., it/1/1 7 11 ' ,Ork
P. 11
angle
of i.isiitro I ./ Cie!, itetor. Services
at I I r
En4lish I.utho nil isedr.,,a. be LW yell )11110
tilt! I,otiltlttr streets II t, cum iti •/“.) t<ttl
v ices at II t.'t I twit A NI.. and t.‘ t •clook I'. M
iierteno Itehiripl i tt Church. Li/utility. lititworig Unn
over and Pitt streets Itri. : -. ..111111•I i l itstor
Serviii., at II il'elork A. M... 11111 o'clock P M.
C Chervil (lint charge, etirIIIII"
and Pitt Itev I'II.IIII/. 11. Sher lick, Pastor.
Sul ViellS.At I I A. \I.. eild l o'eloelt P M.
\lothollist F.. Church ,serontl Hey. S. I.
Bowman. :ervicosln Emory 1 K. Church a , 1
o'clock .1. \I., and S. \I.
Chu r ch of il,sl Chapel south West cor. of West St.
flail Chapel Alloy. Itev.B. N Bock, Potato Services
at II a, tn., and o.
-t l'Atriek's Gathnlic Church l'onarot near Eastst
Rev Past", Servures every other Fab
bath. at 10 o'clock. Vespers at :i M.
siortnan Luthorau Church. corner of Pomfret and
ilediurd .itecous. Rev C Tritar, l'astur, horsier); at
1 o'clock I'. U.
va y VP hen changes in the above are necessary the
roper pertcr F are reqn,ted to notify us.
COLLEGF
Rev 1.19 r a 111 . M. Julausun, D. D., Presid -n1 and Pro
essor of rlt Science.
wintaw ly.ilaou, A. M., Professor of Natural
Science as A Curator a the 31 uscum.
!toy. William L Boswell, A t., Professor of the
11reek and itormun Langna4e,
Samuel D.lltnan, A. M., Profe sor of Mat.homat-
John K. Staym in, A. M Professor of the Latin and
PI ouch Languages.
lion James li . Graham, LL. Professor of Law.
Rev. Henry C. Cheston, A. IS . Principal of the
Grammar school.
John flood, Assistant in the Grammar School.
THE MARY INKTIT[TE
CORPORATION : - The Hector, Wardens and Vestrymen
of St. John's Church Cal lisle
The Hen. F. .1. Clem D. IL, Hector and Treasurer.
Mrs. John It Sa-nd, Principal.
Mi. A. E. Donkersh y, l list motor in Languages.
Mies L. L R abater, Instructor in Mathematics and
Vocal 'dual,
Mrs. M. 11. Ege. Teacher of Piano.
Miss E. CI rah are. Teacher of i rue lag and Painting.
Philips, Lecturer on Elocution and Psychol
ogy.
BOARD OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS
E. Cr - woman President, James .10milton, 11. Saxton,
It. C, Woodward, Henry eWShiIM, liumerich,
Beet'y , J W. Eby, Treasurer. John Spi,. ef,, , enger.
Meet on the I i‘t. Monday of each, Month at 8 o'clock d.
M , at Education Hall.
CORPORATIONS
CVIILNLE DEPoSIT It ON K.—President, R. M. Hender
son; Cashier. J Hassler. Fell., L. A. :with end tI
A. Cox; Messenger. Jno. Undrrwon ; Directors, It AI
Henderson, President B. Woodward. John B.
John Stuart, jr., Alum Boller, Henry 'Saxton,
Sallee Woodburn, .1. J. Logan, W us. 11. Mullin.
Float N OTI /Nth IS dant . Sam nu i 11 auburn
Ca tiler, Jos. C llolTer, Abner C. Brind,e, Mrs
se gar, Jesse Brown Wm. ISer, John Dun ap,
Woods, John C. Dunlap, .same Brenneman, Jahn e.
terrot I, Saml Hepburn, Blr.etors.
00,111EILL,111 V A LLEY ItAititoAn COMPlNY.—President,
Frederick Watt, tmeretar and Treasurer, Bdward
M. lfiddle: cum., inteodent, U. N. Lull Pass.•nge
trains three times a day. Carlisle Am:num° ntion.
Ewtwlyd, leaves Girlish, 555 A. M.. arriving at Car.
Unto 5 . 2 , P. 11. Through trains klastwdrd, 10.10 A. N.
and 2 42, P. M. Westward at 9.27, A. Si., and 2.55 P.
M.
C IILLISUL OAS AND WAI ER CoMP ANY,— President. LPDI
- 'COdd 'Crinasurer, A. L. Spun. ler ; Sups; int.. en,
George Wise: Directors, P. Watts, Win. M. Beeteint
E. M. Biddle. hoary Saxton. It. C. Woodward, J. W.
Patton, F. tiardoor and D. S, Croft.
SOCIETIES
Cumberland Stu Lodge No, 197, A. Y. NI, meets at
Harlon Hall on the dud and 4th Tuesdays of every
month.
St. John's Lothro Nu. '260 A. Y M. Meets 3d Thurs
day of oach mouth, at Marlon Hall.
Oarllolujaudgo.l , lo. 91 I. U of 0. F. Moots Monday
evonlngl at Irdt.it's building
Letert Lodlitv.No. 13, I. 0 M - 0 T. Meets ovory
Thursday evening In Itherm's flail, 3d story.
FIRE COMPANIES,
The Union Firo Company we , organized in 1789.
House in (Anther between Pittand Hanover.
The Cumberland Fire Company woe instituted Feb
18, 1800. House in Bedford, between Main and Pom
fret.
The flood Will Piro Company was Instituted In
March, 1855. House In Pomfret. near Hanover
The Cmplre [look and Ladder Company was lute tu
tad In 1859. 1 - 11111P1 . In lilt near Main.
RATES OF POSTAGE
Postage on ill letters of one half ounoe weight or
Under,ti cents prepaid.
Posage on the iIERALD within the County, free.
Within the State 13 cents per annum." To any part
nfthe United States, 20 cents Postage on all Iran
ale it papers. 2 cents per ounce. Advertised letters to
bo charged with cost of advertising.
MRS. R. A. SMITH'S
Phottigtapil,Airibilitypes,l'irotiitypes
Beautiful Albuma --Beautiful Frames !
Albums for• Ladies and Gentleman,
Albums P r Mitses, and for Children,
Pockot Albums for Soldiers and Civilians!
Choicest Albums I Prettiest Albums! Cheapest Albums!
FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS I
Fresh and New from Now York 'nd Philadelphia
IF you want satisfactory Pictures and
polite attention call at YSPe, R. A. Smith's Photo
graphic, Gallery,. South East Corner of Hanover Street
and Market Square, opposlte'the Gourt House and Post
.
omee, Carlisle, Pa.
Mrs, lt. A. Smith well known as Mrs. It A. Reynolds,
and so well known as a Daguerrean- - Artist, gives per
sonaLattention_to Ladles and Gentlemen visiting her
Gallery, and having the beet of Artists and polite at
tendants can safely promise that in no other Gallery
tan those who favor her with a call got pictures supe
alor tb hers, not even-in New, York or t'hiladolphia r or
meet with mot.• kind and prompt attention. . •
Arhbrotypes inserted In flings, Lockets, Breast Pine.
Am. Perfect copies Of Daguarrotypos and Ambrotypes
made of decesae4riends. , Syhore copies ate defaced,
o-lika picture Sy still be had, either for frames .r
far cards. .-All•noA,atives preservedena year and orders
by mail or otberwleepromptlY . attended_to:: _
..Decentbor 230.864—tf . • -
DR. WIK.. IL COOK,
HOISIO.EO/:!ATHIC PHYSICIAN,
Surgeon and decouehour •
9EPICS at hie residence 'Ail Tit
, tt ettetit, tektolnitti the gethocllet Church; i;
ly 1, /864.
$1 00
- 25 - 00
4 00
7 u 0
VOL. 65.
RHEEM & WEAKLEY, Editors & Proprietors
iß,altlittufao.
RECONSTRUCTION
BY HON. THADDEUS STEVENS
An Address Delivered to the Citizens of
Laneuster, September 6' 1865.
FELLOW-Ctrtztievs :In compliance with
your request, I have come to give my
views of the present condition of: the
Rebel States—of the proper mode of re
organizing the Government, and the fu
ture prospects of the Republic. During
the whole progress of the war, I never
for a moment felt doubt or despondency.
I knew that the loyal North would con
qner the Rebel despots who sought to
destroy freedom. - But since that trai
torous'oonfeideration has been :subdued,
and we have entered upon the work of
•‘ reconstruction" or " restoration," lean
not deny that my heart has become sad
at the gloomy prospects befbre us.
Four years of bloody and expensive
war, waged against the United States by
eleven States, under a government called
the "Confederate States of Averica,"
to which they acknowledge allegiance,
have overthrown all governments within
those States which could be acknowled
ged as legitimate by the Union The
armies of the Confederate States having
been eompn red and subdued, and their
tort itory possessed by the United States,
it becomes necessary to esta Wish goV
Fitments therein, which shall be repub
lican to form zind principles, and lorm
'• unrt•e pert-et I:nion" with the parent
Government. It is desirable that such a
course should lie persued as to exclude
front those governments every vestige of
human bondaee, and render the saino
fi,rever impossible in this nation ; and to
take care that no principles of self de
siructior+ shall be inemperated therein.
In effec•ing this, it is to be hoped that
no provision of the Constitution will be
infringed, and no prineiple of the law of
nat ions disregarded. EsE ecially must we
take care that in rebuking'this unjust and
treasonable war, the authorities of the
Union shall indulge in no acts of usur
pation which may tend to impair the
stability and permanency of the nation.
Within these limitations, we hold it to be
the duty of the Government to inflict
condign bunishment on the rebel belli
gerents, and so weaken their hands that
they can never again endanger the Union;
and so reform their municipal institutions
as to make them republican in spirit as
well as in name.
We especially insist that the property
of the chief rebels should be seized and
appropriated to the payment of the Na
tional debt, caused by the unjust and
wicked war which they instigated.
Ilow can such punishment be inflict
ed and such forfeitures produced with
out doing violence to established princi
plea?
Two positions have been suggested.
First—To treat those States as never
having been out of the Union beacuse
thb Constitution forbids secession, and
therefire a fact forbidden by law could
not exist.
Second—To accept tlim-i.posi-tieri io
which they placed tl emselves as severed
frow the Union ; an independent gov
ernment de facto, and an alien enemy
to he dealt with, according to the 'of
It seems to ine while we do eot aver
hat the (Jolted States are buund to treat
them as an alien enemy, yet they have a
right to elect so to (.1,) if it be for the in
terest o: the Nation; and that the " Con
federate States " are estoped from de•
nying that position. South Carolina the
leader and embodiment of the rebellion §
in the month of January, 1864, passed
the following resolution by the
maul vote of her Legislature
‘• Reso/red, 'flint the separation of South
Carolina from the Federal Union is final,
Ir . (' she has no further interest in the Con
stitution of the United Sates: and that the
only appropriate negotiations between her
and the Federal Government areas to their
mutual relation as foreign States."
The Convention that formed the gov
ernment of the Confeterate States, and
all the eleven States that composed it,
adopted the same declaration, -and pledg
ed their lives and fortunes to support it.
That government raised large armies and
by its formidable power compelled the
nations of the civilized world as well as
our own _Government to acknowledge them
as an independent belligerent,_entitted
the law of nations to be considered as en;
gaged in a public war,, and not merely
in an insurrection. It Is idle to deny
that we treated them as a belligerent, en
titled to all the rights, and subject to all
the liabilities of an alien enemy. We block
aded-theirportsi -whielris—mr-undoubted
belligeren't right , the extent of coast
blockaded., marked the acknowledged; ex
teat Of their
_territorya territory
nally Inquired but de facto theirs. We
acknowledged their sea rovers as priva
teers'and notes pirates, by ordering their
captive crewsto be treated as pritaners of
war, We -aoltnovpdged that a commission
from the Confederate 'Government was suf
Went to screen Semmes and his associates
- fretti the fate of lawlesS buccaneers. Who
bat an acknowledged Government defure
or de facto, could have powertoissue.sueb
a commission ? The,invaders of 'the loy
al! F.tates were not treated as out -laws,
;brit as soldiers of. wer,*atipe, they wore
•
commanded by officers holding courithiss
ions from that Government. The Con
federate States were for four years what
they claimed to be, an alien enemy, in
all their rights and liabilities. To say
that they were Stares under the protee
tion of that Constitution which they were
rending and within the Union which
they were assaulting with bloody defeats,
simply because they became belligerents
through crime„isomaking theory overrule
fact to an absurd degree. It will, I sup
pose, at least be conceded that the United
States, if not obliged so to do, have a
right to treat them as an alien enemy now
conquered, and subject to all j,he liabili
ties of a vanquished foe.
If we are also at liberty to treat them
as never htl,ving been out of the Union.
and that their deolarutimis and nets were
all void because they contravened the Con
stitution, therefore they never were engag
ed in a public war but were merely in
surgents, let us inquire which position
is best for the United States If they
have never been otherwise than States in
the Union, and we desire to try certain
of the- leaders for treeson, the Constitu
tion requires that they should be indict
ed and tried " by (10 im),nrtirrl jury n%
the Sfitte (11111111Striel Wherein the Crimp
slut/( f u me been COMM,. tied, il'hiCh (11:i!riet
shall lamitreu pre. t• iutzsly scerttt foci( by
1(1 ."
The crime of treason can be committed
only where the pereon is actually 'or po
tentially present. Jefferson Davis sit,
ting in Richnionu. counselling, or advis
ing, or commanding an inroad into Penn
sylvania, hos cointuttte I no overt act in
this Slate, arid can be tried if anywhere,
only in the Richmond district. The doe
trine of constructive presence. an‘l con- I ,
struetive treason, wi-I never, I hope, pol.
lute our statutes or judicial d e ei..i ons . 1
Select an imparti,r/ jury from Virginia, ! i
arid it is obvious that no conviction con i
ever be had. Possible a jury might' be
packed to convict, but that would not be
an '• impartial" jury. It would be Judi
vial murder, and would rank in infamy '
with the trial of Lord Russel , except
only that the one was the murder of an
innocent man, the other of a traitor.
The same difficulties would exist in at
tempting fltrfeitures, which can only fol
low convictioris in States -protected by
he Constitution ; and then it is said only
fur the life of the malefactor—Congress
can pass a bill of attainder.
Nur, under that theory, has Congress,
much less the Executive, any power to
interfere in remodelling those States up
on reconstruction.—What reconstruction
is needed? Here are the States which
they say, have n ver been out of the
Union, and are e nsequently now in it
without asking le ve of any me. They
are competent to se d Senators and mem
bers to Congr as. The state of war has
broken no constitutional ligaments, for it
was only an insurrection of inditiduals,
'not a public war waged by States. Such
is the reasoning, notwithstanding every
State acted in its municipal capacity ;
arid the court in the prize cases (2 Black
67:1) say : "/Tnee in arytiiiThihiohi , re
bellion they later acted its States." It is
no loose, unorganized rebellion having no
defined boundary or possession. It has
a boundary marked by lines of bayonets,
and which can be crossed only by force—
south of the line is enemy's tern ory, be
cause it is claimed and held in possession
by an organized, hostile and belligerent
power " What right hasany one to direct
a convention to bq held in a sovereign
State of this Union, to amend its consti
tution and prescribe the qualifications of
• voters? The sovereign power of the na•
tion is lodged in Congress. Yet where is
the warrant in the constitution for such
sovreign power, much less the Execu
• Live, to intermeddle with the domestic in
stitutions of a State, mould its laws, and
regulate the elective franchise ? It, would
be rank, dangerous and deplorable usur
pation. In reconstruction, therefore, no
reform can be - effected in the Southern
States if they have -never left the Union.
But reformation must be effected ; the
foundation of their institutions, both pm
litioal, municipal and social must be bro•
ken up and relaid, or all our blood and
treasure have been spent in vain. This
can only be done by treating and holding
them as a conquered people. Then all
things which we can desire to do, follow
with logical. and legitimate authority. As
conquered territory, Congress
_would_have
full power to legislate for them; for the
territories are not under the Constitution
except so far as the express power to goy
ern them is given to Congress. They
would be held in a'territtfrini. condition
until they are fit to form State Constitn
-tiensTraptlitlidarquiaTat,--ticrt-in--forrn off:
ly, and ask admission into the Union. as
new, States. If . Congress ,approve of
their - Constitutions,- and lhink they have
done works—meet- for repentance, they
would be admitted as new States. If
their Constitutions aro not approved of,
they would be sent bat*, until they have
becnine wise enough ev to purge their old
laws aa to'eradipate -every despotic and
revolutionary principle—until they shall"
ba4e lehrqe.4 'to venerate the Declaration
of Independence. , Y do not touch . ' on the
'question of negro suffrage. If in the
Unien„the 'States have long ago regulated
4
that,' and fOrhe . Ceritiral Goiernrucupto
.interfere with- it
_ivotild 1;.14 4islphieo4o.
.._
,
,
,
01 lt Ut
LAI)
Mill
Carlisle, Pa., Friday, October 6, 1865.;
in pertinence. If they are to be admit
ted as new States they must form their nwn
constitution ; and an enabling act could
dictate its terms. Congress could pre
scribe the qualifications of voters while a
Territory, or when proceeding to,ca r ll a
convention to form a State government.
That is the extent of the power of Con
gress over the elective franchise, whether
in a territor;al or State condition. The
President has not even this or any other
power to meddle in the subject, except
by anviee to-Congress—and they on ter
ritories. Congress, to be sure, has some
sort of compulsory power by refus ng the
States admission until they shall have
complied with its wishes over this sub
ject. Whether those who have fought
our battles should all be allowed to vote,
or only those of a paler hue, I leave to be
discussed in the future when Congress
can take legitimate cognizance of it.
If capital punishment of the most guil
ty are deemed essential as examples, we
have seen that, on 01,0 theory, none of
them can be convicted on fair trials—the
complicity of the triers would defeat it.
Rut, as 11 conquered enemy, they could
not escape. ',their 'trials would take place
by court.martials. Ido nut think they
could thus be tried for treason ; but they
could be tried as belligerents, who had
forfeited their lives,„according to the laws
of war. By the strict rights of war, as
anciently tYracticed, the- victor held the
lives, the liberty and the property of the
vanquished at his disposal The taking
of the life, or reduction to bondage of the
captives, has long ceased to be practised
in case of ordinary wars; but the al's' ram
right—the suin m jus---is still r, cog
nized in exeep ional eases where the cause
of the war, or the eliaitteter of the Lel
crew, or the safety of the victors justify
its exercise. The same thing may R
said of the seizure of property of land
lialleck (175) says sonic modern writers
Iluutefeuillc, for example—cunt: ads
fur the ancient rule, that private proper
ty on land may be subject to seizure.
They are undoubtedly correct, with re
gard to the general abstract right, as de
duced from the law of nature and ancient
practice." Vaud says: "Whenf there
fore, he has subdued a hostile nation, he
undeniable may, in the first place, do him
self justice respecting the object which'
has given rise to the war, and
h fiir the expenses 0101 010ma0/rs
which he line sustained by it." And at
page 369 : "A conqueror,. who has taken
up arms not only against the sovereign
but against the nation herself, and whose
intention it was to subdue a fierce and
savage people, anu once for all to reduce
an obstinate enemy, such a conqueror way,
with justice, lay burdens on the conquer
ed nation, both as a compensation for the
expenses of the war, and as a punishtnent."
I mu happy to believe that the Govern
ment has come to this conclusion. I can
not otherwise see how Capt. \Verze can
be tried by a Court Martial at Washing
ton for acts done by hitu at Anderson
ville. Ile was in no way connected with
our military organization, nor did he as a
citizen connect himself with our . Army
so as to bring his case within any of the
Acts of Congress. If' he committed inur
der in Georgia, and Georgia was a State
in the Union, then he should be tried ac
cording to her laws. Th r General Gov
ernment has no jurisdiction over such
crime, and the trial and exemttion of this
wretch by a United States Military Court
would be illegal But if' ho was officer of
a belligerent enemy, making war as an
independent people, now being conquer
ed, it is competent, holdi, g them as a
conquered foe, to try him for doing acts
contrary to the laws of war, and if found
guilty to execute or otherwise punish him.
As I am sure the loyal man at the head
of the Government will not involve the
nation in illegal acts and thus set a pre
cedent injurious to our national charac
ter, I am glad to believe that hereafter
we shall treat the enemy as conquered,
and remit their condition and reconstruc
tion to the sovereign power of the nation.
In short, all writers agree that the vic
tor may inflict punishment upon the van
quished enemy even to the' taking of his
life, liberty, or the confiscation of all his
property; but that this extreme right is
never exercised except upon a cruel, bar
barous, obstinate, or dangerous foe who
has waged an unjust war.
Upon the character of the belligerent,
-and the-justice--of-the-war,-and -the man;
ner of conducting it, depends our right
to take the lives, liberty and property of
the belligerent. This war had its origin
in treason without doe spark of justice.
It wee prosecuted before notice of it, by
robbing our forts and armories, and our
navy yards; by stealing our money friim
the 'mints' and depOsitories, and by Bur
rondhrltig our forts and navies by perjur-.
eia who had sworn Co suppert.the Coned
tution. In its progress our prisoners; by
the authority of their government were
slaughtered in cold blood. Ask Fort
Pillow and Port Wagner. Sixty thous
and of our prisoners bate been deliber
ately starved td death because - .they would
-not enlist in the rebel armies. The graves
,at Andersonvillt3 have each -an accusing
•
• tonne. The purpose and avowed object
of. the enemy PO found-andeMpiri3 who - se,
corner stone 3 !Maid be slaverY," renders,
' its imrpetuity or revival dangeebus
man liberty. . . „
Surely, these thing's are sufficient to
justify the exercise of the extreme rights
of war—" to execute, to imprison, to con
fiscate How many captive enemies it
would be proper to execute, as an exam
ple to nations, I leave others to judge.--•
I am not fond of sanguinary punishments,
but surely some victims must propitiate
the niunes of our starved, murdered,
slaughtered martyrs. A court martial
could do justice according to law.
But we propose to confiscate all the es
tate of every rebel belligerent whose es
tate was worth moo, or Whose land
exceeded two hundred acres in quantity.
Policy if sot jusiice would require that
the poor, the ignorant, and the coerced
should be forgiven. They followed the
example and teachings of 'their wealthy
and intelligent.ncighbora. The rebellion
would never have originated with them.
Fortunately those who would thus escape,
form a large majority of the people, though
possessing but a small portion of the
wealth. The proportion of those exempt
compared with the punished would be I
believe about nine-tenths. .
'I here ate about six millions of freemen
in the Sou.ll The 'number of acres of
land is -105 000.000 Of this those who
own above two hundred acres each (num
ber about 70 000 persons, holding in the
aggregate (together with the State) about
31)4 000 000 acres lenvit , for all the oth
ers below -00 'each, about 71,000,000 of
acres. By thus forfeiting the estates of
the leading rebels, the Government would
have 894.001.000 of acres, he. , •ide their
tiwa property, and yet, nine tenths of the
people would remain untouched. Divide
this land into convenient farms (live,
if you please, forty acres to each adult
male freedmen. 'Suppose there are one
million of them. That would require
40,000 000 of ac 4 ~ 1, which deducted hole
,304 000 000 leaves three hundred and
fifty lour millions of acres for sale. Di
vide it into suitable farms and. sell it to
the highest bidders. I think it, inclu
ding town property, would average at
lea t ten dollars per acre That would
Produce $ 3 ,5-10 000 000—three billions
live hundred and f,rty millions of dollars.
Let that be applied as follows to wit :
1. Invest V 00,000,000 in si.t per cent
government bonds, and add the interest
semi-annually to the pensions of those
who have become entitled by this villain-
Otis war
9 Appropriate 8200 1)0() 000 to pay
the damages done to loyal men, North
and S.utit, by the rebellion.
3. Pay the residue, being 83,040.000,-
000 towards the payment of the Nation
al debt.
What loyal man can object to this:'—
Look around you, and everywhere behold
your neighbors, some with an arm, some
with a leg, some with an eye, carried
away by rebel bullets. Others horribly
mutilated in every form. And yet nu
meroMs others wearing the weeds which
mark the death of those on whom they
leaned for support. Contemplate these
monuments of rebel perfidy, and of patri
otic suffering, and then say if too much
is asked for our valiant soldiers.
Look again, and see loyal men reduced
to poverty by the confiscations by the Con
federate States, and by the Rebel States
—see Union men robiwi of their proper
ty, and their dwellings laid in ashes by
rebel raiders ; and say if too much is ask
ed of them But above all, let us inquire
whether imperative duty to the presont
generation and to pos'erity does not com
mand us to compel the wicked enemy to
pay the expenses of this unjust war. In
ordinary transaction he who raises a false,
clamor and prosecutes an unfounded suit,
is adjudged to pay the cots on his de
feat. We have seen, that, by the law of
nations, ..he vanquished in an unjust war
must. pay the expense.,
Our mit,r debt is tram three to four bil
lions of dollars. In my judgment, when
all is funded and the pensions capitaliz
ed, it will reach wore than four billions
The interest at 6 per cent, only (now much
more 8240,000,000
The ordinary expenses of our Government
are 120,000,04:1
For seine years the extraordinary expanses
of our army and navy will be 110,000,000
Four hundred and seventy millions to
be raised by taxation--our present heavy
taxes will not, in ordinary years, produce
but little more than half hat sum. Can
our people bear double their present taxa
tion?"' lie NV lio unnecessarily causes it
will be accursed from-generation to gen- -
oration, . It is fashionable to belittle our
public fiebt, lest the people should become
alarmed, and political
.parties should suf
fer. I hove never found it wise to de
ceive the people.. They can'always be
trusted with the truth. Capitalists will
net be effected, for they cannot be de
ceived Confide in the people,., and you
will avoid repudiation. DeoeiVe them,
and lead them into false measures, and
you-may produce it.-- - - - -
We pity the poor Englishmen whose
national debt, and burdensome taxation.
we have, heard deplored from our child:
The debt of Great Briton is just
about as muck.as ours, ($4,,000 000, four
billions: But in effect it" is but half a's
large--it .bearsbut - three per cent. inter
est. The current year the chancellor of
the expbegner tells you, the interest was
,$131,fi00,090.. Ours when all shall be
funded / will be nonrly double.
L I IUIL+
The plan We have proposed would pay at
least three-fourths of our debt. The balance
could be managed with our prasent taxation-
And yet to think that even that is to be per
petual is sickening. If it is to be doubled, as
it must he, if "restoration" instead of "re
construction" is to prevail, would to God
the authors of it could see themselves as an
execrating public and posterity will see
them.
Our new Doctors of National law, who
hold that the "Confederate States' . were
never out of the Union, but only insurgents
and traitors, have . become wiser than Gro
tus and Puflendorf and Rutherford and Vat
tel, and all modern publicists down to
llal
leck and PhiMinoru. They all agree that
such a state of things as has existed here fur
four years is public war and constitutes the
parties independent belligerents, subject to
the same rules of war as the foreign nations
engaged in open warfare.
The leiuned and able Professor at Law in
the Cambridge University, Theophilus Par
sons, lately said in a public speech—
"As we arc victorious in war we have a
right to impose upon the defeated party any
terms neZessary for our security. This right
perfent. It is not only in itself obvious
but it is asserted in every book on this sub
ject, and is illustrated by all the wars of his
tory. Tim rebels forced a war upon us; it
was a lon uul cosily ijnd bloody war ; and
now that vi;("ifkiii conquered them, we have
all the rights which Victory confers.'
The only argument of the Restorationist
that the States could 110 t and did not go
Mit Of the becauFl the ConAitution
r chid , it. By the sumo reioioning you could
prove that no crime ever exit. (I. No intin
ever conimitt,(l murder for the law forbid.;
it Ile is a simlioNV reit, MCI' \V 110 Clad('
inztke thoorr ovorrult. I've! !
I prefer to believe the ancient and mod
ern publici,t.s, and Lie learned Piole,,orh
legal ,cieneo to the .extempori,ed doctrine.,
(11 . 11),,d0111 Sckdi,ts
I as it, iiiiw privirly
t.,
IA pundit of I lint.schind
Inform 11112 in what
th, laW , art; ; that upon alai
tLcury n,,t a Slab h has la.vn li . ht•rated ; not a
: -. %lavc luvc has abr.gat..tl; but on th,.
0,(1,1 , in 1 , -
Shivcry pr“tr,t,•(l by „Hl'
Ck , ll,iillitl,lll in r eery State in Lino Unhoi
where it exited. bile they remained en
der that protection no p,, wee in the Federal
Government could aboli,h Slavery. IC.
however, the ConrOerate States were ad=
mated to be what they claimed, an inde
pendent belligerent dr judo, then the war
broke all treaties, compacts and ties butwern
the curios , and Slavery was left, to its rights
under the law of nations. Thew right, were
none ;• fur that law declares: that can
hull no pn.perty in Man. " (111.111111,,re,
page 31ii.) 'Then the la w, of war enabled us
to declare every bondman free, so long a,
wi• 10.13 them in military pos-iession. Anil
t_aingrei,s, may tie
elare them forever emancipated. 13tit if the
States tire iiState,i in the Uni011,"1.11011 WllOll
war cethw, they resume their positions With
all their privileges untouched. There can
Le no "mutilated — restoration. That would
la the work of Congress, alone, and would
be "Reconstruction."
While I hear it said everwhore that
slavery is dead, I cannot learn who killed
it. No thoughtful man has prett, , nded that
Lincoln's proclamation, so noble in senti
ment, liberated a s mile slave. It expressly
excluded frotn its operation all those within
our lines. No slave within any part of the
rebel States in our possession, or in Tennes
see, but only those beyond our limit, and
beyond our power were declared free. So
Gen. Smith conquered Canada by a Focht
intaion I The President did not pretend to
rogate the slave laws of any of the States.
" Ilestoration," therefore, will leave the
[llion as It was"—a hideous idea. 1 ani
aura that a very al le and patriotit! gentle
man, and learned historian, Mr. Bancroft,
has att meted to place their freedom on dif
ferent grounds. HO says, What is undoubt
edly true, that the proclamation of freedom
did rot free a slave. But he liberates the
on feudal principles. Under the feudal sys
tem, when a king conquered his enemy, he
parceled out his lands and conquered sub
ject,.4 Jul - long his chief' retain era; the lands
lint] serfs were held on condition of fealty and
rendering military service when required._
If the subordinate chief rebelled, lie broke
the condition on which lie held them, and
ho lands and serfs became forfeited to the
lord paramount. But it did nut free the
serfs. They, With the manors, were bestow
ed on other favorites. But the analogy fails
in another important respect. The Ameri
can slavoholder does not hold, by virtue of
any grant from any lord paramount—lest-of
all by a grant from the General Govern
ment, Slavery exists by no law of the Union,
but simply by local laws, by the laws of the
States. Rebellion against the National au
thority is a breach of no condition of their
tenure." It were more analogous to say that
rebellion against a State under whose lauls
they held, might work a forfeiture. But
rebellion. against neither government would
per se have any such effect. On whom would
the lord paramount again bestow the
. slaves?
The theory is plausible, but has no solid
foundation.
The President says to the rebel States ;
Before you can participtc in the govern
ment you must-aboliTh slavery and reform
your election laws." That is the command
of a conqueror. That is Reconstruction, not
Restoration—Reconstruction, too,. by assum
ing the power of Congress. This theory will
lend to r melancholy results. Nor can the
censtatuthmalaniendmeht abolishing slavery
ever be retitled by three-fourths of the States,
if they are States 6) he counted.. Bogus Con
ventions of those States may veto for it. But
no Convention, honestly and. fairly elected,
Will ever do it. The frauds will not per
_maneetly avail.. The cause of Liberty m ust
rest on a firmer basis. Counterfeit govern
ments, like the Virginia, Louisiana, Ten
nessee, Mississippi and Arkansas pretenses
will be disregarded by the sober sense of the
$470,000,000
people, by future laly, and by the courts.
" Restoration" is replanting seeds of rebel
lion, which within - the next quarter of acon,
tury, will germinate and lirecluce the same.
bloody strife. which blia.„Just ended. '
But, it is said, ,bithpan:who have more
Bytnptithy:with rebel vitro:4:ll'o children than,
for' the widows and: orphit'ns'of 14111 men;,;'
that this stripping the rebels of. their,,petaten,
TERMS:--$2,00 in Advanaeoir $2,50 within the year
and driving them to exile or to honest labor,
would be harsh and severe upon innocent
women and children. It may be so; but
that is the result of the necessary laws of war.
But it is revolutionary, say they. This plan
would, no doubt, work a radical reorganiza
tion in Southern institutions, habits and
manners, It is intended to revolutionize
their principles and feelings. This may
startle feeble minds and shake weak nerves.
So do all great improvements in the political
and moral world. It requires a heavy im
petus to drive forward a sluggish people.—
When it was first proposed to free the slaves,
and arm the blacks, did not half the nation
tremble ? The prim conservatives, the snobs,
and the male waiting-Inaids in Congress,
were in hysterics.
T .e whole fabric of Southern society must
be changed, and never can it be done if this
opportunity is lost. IVithout this, the Gov
ernment can never be, as it never has been,
a true Republic. Heretoiore, it had more
the features of aristocracy than of deMoera
ey. The Southern States have been despot
isms, not governments of the people. It is
impossible that any practical equality of rights
min exist tt here a few thousand men mono
polize the wholii landed property. The larger
the number of small proprietors the more
safe and stable the government. As the
landed interest must govern, the more it is
übd ivicled and held by independent owners,
the better. What would be the condition of
the State of New York it' it were out for her
independent yeomanry? She .would be uver
whelnied anddetnoraiized by the Jews„lli
lesians and vagabonds of licentious cities.—
Row can republican institutions, freeschook,
lice churches, free social intercourse exist in
a mingled community of tlithot t , and serf. ;
of the owners of twenty thousand acre -
urn with palaces, and the occupants of
narrow hu.s inhabited by How white tra-M.'''
I' the south t, ever t,, 1,0 Nint' a ~ . 111. , 1 1:I.-
1 , 11 blic, net her lands be cultivated by the
toil of the nei:i or the lie, lalair
t (•it.zens. mit,t ..1 , 011,. Liven
though it drive her nobility into extir. If
they go, all the better.
It kill be hard to iier , undo dm owner of
ten thoii•an,l acres of land, who drives
alit! Mr, rut by
Attitt_ at the 5111110 table, or in the gone pew,
with th, utter no l and had-handed far
mer who cultivated his own
thriving, lionie-teatl of 150 iteres.
the lands will yield ten bales of
cotton to one dolt is 11111(111 now, and lie who
produced it will own it, and feel a
It is far easier and more benetkial to exile
70,0..0 proud, bloated and defiant rebels, than
to expatriate Gun• millions of laborers, native
to the soil and loyal to the government.—
This latter scheme was a favorite plan of the
with which they had for a while in
oculated our late sainted President. But, a
single experiment made 'lnn discard it and
its itdri,tirs. bmce t have mentioned the
Blairs, I may say a word more of those per
sistent apologists of the South. For,, when
the virus of Shivery has once entered the
veins of the slave-holder, no subsequent ef
fort seems capahlo of wholly eradicating it.
They are a family of considerable power,
some merit, of admirable audacity, and ex
ocrAble &elfishness; with impetuous alacrity
they seize the White blouse, and hold pos
session of it, as in the late Administration,
until shal«m oaf by the overpowering force of
public indignation. Their pernicious course
had well nigh defeated the re-election of Ab
raham Lincoln; end if it should pri2vail with
the present Administration, pars and patri
otic a; President Johnson is admitted io be,
it will render him the intrst unpopular Es
ecutive CV Cr occupied the
Presidential chair. But there is no fear
plat. lie will ,00n say, as Mr. Lincoln did:
" YOUR TIME lIAS CoME!"
This remodeling the institutions, and re
forming the rooted, habits of a proud aristoc
racy, is undoubtedly a formidable task ;
requiring the broad mind r'if enlarged states
manship, and the firm nerve of the hero.—
But will not this mighty occasion produce—
will not the God of Liberty and order give
us such men ? Will not a Romulus, a Ly
curgus, a Charleinaghe, a Washington arise.
whosii'expitnsive views will found IL freeem-
e, to endure till time .5 hull be no more?
Thi6 doctrine of rci-toration shocks me.—
'e hare a duty to perforin which our lath-
ers were ineapableof, which will be required
at our. hands by Gud and our Country.—
When our ancestors fo.ind a " more perfect
Union" necessary, they found it impossible
to agree upon a Constitution without toler
ating, nay, guaran teui lig Slavery. They were
obliged to acquiesce, trusting to time to work
speedy cure, in which they were disap
pointed. They had sonic excuse, some justi
fication. But we can have none, if we do
not thoroughly eradicate Slavery and render
it forever impossible in tbis_ropublic. Tim
Slave power made war upon the nation.—
They declared the " more perfect Union"
dissolved. Solemnly declared themselves a
forZign nation, alien to this republic; for
four years wore in fact what they claimed to
be. We accepted the war which they ten
dered and treated them as a government
capable of anklting war. We have conquered
thorn, andns a conquered enemy we can give
thorn laws; can unolish all their municipal
institutions and--form now-ones: If we do
not make those institutions fit to last through
generations - of free - meni - a - heavy-curse , will
be on us. Our glorious, but tainted republic
has been born to nevilife through bloody,
agonizing pans. But this frightful ""Resto
'ration" haa*Uivn it into 'cold obstruction,
and to delta!: If the Rebel States have
"'ever been out of the Union, any attempt to
rolorm their State institutions, either hyena
geeis or tho President, is rank-usurpation.
Is then all lost.? Is this great conquest to
bo in vain? ,Thatwill depend upon the vir
tue and intelligeneo of tile next congress.;--
To congress alone belongs the powor of Re
construction—of giving law to the vanquish
ed. This is expressly decided by the Supremo
Court of the -United States in the Dorr CllBO,
7th Howard, 42. Tho. Court say, " Under
this Article:of the- Constitution (the 4th) it
reste...with .Congross. to clecido what govern
ment. is -the estabtishocl ono- in a-State,-fof
the United ;States guarantees to:each tt-ro
_publican form of- government," -etcetera.—
But wo knotv how' diffteult it-is for _a:major
ity Conross - to .overcome preconceived
I3esitlos, - . before ,:oongross moots,
thinga_.will be izynigurt,Ltail-4pivoipitatcfc.l,
it will still be merefifficult to correet:::lf tt
- major it3r 4 o f rtYng
firm enough to declare the Corifederille
States a conquered enemy, Re-construction
will be easy and legitimatiN and the friends
of freedom will long rule in.tbo Councils of
the Nation, If Restoiation prevails, the
prospect is gloomy, and "'new, Lords will
make new laws." Tho Union party will be
overwhelmed. The ,Copperhead pithy has
become extinct with Secession. But with
Secession, it will revive. Under ,‘ Restore,-
lion," every rebel State will send Rebels to
Congress ; and they, with their allies in the
North, will control Congress,- and occupy
the White House. Then Restoration of Laws
and ancient Constitutions will be sure to
fol
low; our public debt will be repudiated or
the .Rebel National debt will be added to
ours, and the people be crushed beneath
heavy burdens.
Let us forget all parties, and build on the
broad platform of " re-constructing " the
Government out of the conquered territory;
converted into new and free States, and ad
mitted into the Union by thu sovereign pow
er of Congress, with another plank,—'' THE
PROPERTY OF THE REBELS SHALL PAY OUR
NATIONAL DEBT, and indemnify freed-men
NO. 40.
1(1 loyal sqrerer.q—and that. under no etc
eumstanues will we suffer the National debt
to be repudiated, or the interest scaled be
low the contract rates; nor permit any part
of the rebel debt to be assumed by the mi.-
tfin .
Let all who approve of these principles
tarry with its. Let all o•hers so with Cop
perheads and Rebels. Those will be the op
posing parties. Young'"•men, this duty de
volves on you. Would to God, if only for
that, that I were still in the prime of life,
that I might aid you to fight through this
last and greatest battle of Freedom.
A FEW PLAIN QUESTIONS.
"NV hiell is the 1),:t eitizon—the white tnan
who staid ut. home donne; the No elhoo, and
gave his influence to —the South;" or tho
black wan oho wont to the battle a-nd
gave assi,tance to the government'
Whieh i the toot loyal—the white man
who by words ju , tified and abetted the re-,
Bellini ; or the black nun who by deeds aid
ed erti , hing it ?
NVllieh is the ino4 worthy of belief in a
court ot jii,lice—the white man who has vio
lanai all his oath, for purpose, of treason ;
or the black man who,. simple word alone,
in behalf id . the cuts, of the Lniwi, la never
been broken ?
NVlneh i; the ninqttleservirn4 ,atr estn , nt
and cnntidenve the white men who murder
ed by niche, tlnw,and, 411 4111 r brave
ill lilt. viii• ilt
84 . 110 1^1,11)(1,"1•1c.; inr the hint.*
ninn xvin• nid,d and piloted them in theit•es
caln• fr.un those vile pen
NVld,h re neat nntitled to the ballot—Ow
lute man .0) r tour year, b,
dn
~tr.n'tlit• 4r:• Ilit• 1)1411 . k uutn who
11:1- 1 ,, t1;2,11t, iwr perlllll,llllll,
L. 1,1.4.-4.1. v, it
\VI' i, 111 ,, 1 PlltitiOd t' IL yoiro in f ram
ina• ;tlicl adininktoring our law,—the whit°
rzoter, etll•rsen lhtt and the thousands
ithitt nn it, eqoally a , , h , loyal, w h o en
deavored lo build a Soothero Contecleracy
upon the row, ot,the t • oato ; or the loyal
Idael: nuui. Froll..nrll 1./oughts. and the thou-
Itlat,:lt wen It, 'Opt], W 141,,
NVI1111111•11 1 111 ,, 111'y 1111,1 tll ,l lr 111/t,d, dill all
Hwy II ro , cryc that Union from do
,triwti4)ll ?
NVliieli are nnr.l entitled to all the rights
and privilege-. of C 01401 1 ,11111 the white
broll2:1t death to many of
our i111(1 laved 01112:3; or the
Heck wh e ,e bulleis eitusetl many of
tlio, white rebel, to bite the dust, anilitideil
hurt •rrall~ in ri , toring peace to the country 1
Thi-e and direct
tharthoy - riper( rii itip r n ti 7 l, conuu tit ; end
the heart of oven Intiti Who k loyal to tho
L....oVel'lllll , sit oid flag will reSpOlll.l to
th , lll
(
Eight million six hundred acres of coal
fields, which make an extensive surrounding
near Pittsburg, rate at an average depth-of
eight feet, and are estimated to contain 53,
5 I GA )0,000 Lolls or curl, which, at two dol
lar, per ton, wentld he worth $)07,03'2,80,
000 nr four thousand millions of national
debt paid twenty-seven times, or a thous
and years' gold and silver product of Cali
fornia and Nevada, supposing their
. )ield to
be one hundred millions every year. This
is plausibly quoted as a f.ict in itseirof great
encouragement. Add to the sum given,
gold, silver. iron, copper, lead, petroleum,
&c., by the same pro_ess of education, and
it would be in vain to calculate the result.
In the nutty way our grain resources or man
ufactures would ()myelitis, in the long run,
the largest product of gold or silver. 'lies°
ate our resources, but they are still onlY re
sources proportionably as they were a hun
dred years ago. What is ,lone (comprehend
ing what is invented) is our grand wealth ;
so that our first desideratum is labor, and
not the coal mines. It is this we need to
make what we have appal-tint. We may work
our mines, and pay our debt in the same
way—hy a WiSt• e •onmuy of lin once Cr niling
to make bread and butter cheap, and to in
vite population. It would be the height of
absurdity to lay back on our dumb resour
ces. Oar business is to work all our mines
and pay all our debts as soon as possible.—
Our great nine is human labor.
HARD ON DEMOCRACY.—Harper's 'freckly,
which was one or the stron4e:t defend rs of
democracy before the rebellion, speaks thus
harshly but truthfully of the corrupt thing:
, The national prestige of the Deifiberatic
name is gore. The name of Democracy is
indissolubly associated with Treason, Rebel
lion and Civil War. Under Democratic
ascendency the Conspiracy was conceived
and . matured. Under a Democratic Admin
istration it ripened. By Democratic chiefs
it was directed. By
,Democratic Conven
tions it was declared triumphant. By Dem
ocratic organs and orators, as far as they
dare, the theories from which the rebellion
sprung are still justified. The Democratic
party has forced its best men from its ranks.
It has prostituted a noble name to the basest
purposes. At some
_future time, that name
may become again respectable, but for the
present, the American people lite had quite
enoug h of .01.) DomormiCy-. -
Tue Lehigh Register of Tuesday last
says During our absence from home last
week, we travelled through a considerable
portion of Bucks county, in which Col.
Davis resides, and conversed with a number
of ieturnod soldiers who served under him,
and we. find that with but very few excep
tions they will not support him at -the com
ing election. So much for Col. Davispop
ularity as a military man." The editor of
the Register has observed correctly. There
is no class of persons better qualified to
judge-of -the merits-of the Democratic can
didate of Auditor General than the Soldiers
of Bucks county, and wo should be polled-
lywilling to trust the election to their de
cision. —Backs Co. lirtelligenbCr.
THE WOMEH Or TILE SOUTH —Governor
Brownlow thus speaks of the Southern wo
men in his paper, the iCnoxville Whip:
. 6 From the.comtnencoment of the rebell-"
ion until .now, the devil and the women of
the' South have boon the ablest allies the
cause of^treason had in the field. The in
fluence of the women,
• backed up 'by his
Satanic Majesty, fl fled the ranks of tho rebel
armies, and gave ardor and endtirance to
the hen-pecked men that entered the service.
Southern women even petitioned the rebel
Congress to enact the law of conscription',
so as to force all in the service..' Through
the influence which women had; thousands
wore forced into the field, and thencti to them-..
graves, who never would have left amie.
Playing ihto'tho hands of thifileviN'by Otis
filling his faiths, they had his'apprOval all
the time.. Wives ~.ave up,,theit_liabands,
sisters their: brothers, and mothers
sens--willirig, nay, anxiods to- immolate
-'their lives to the:Malik:lt -Of War.'
Men were willink7Mwetv?lofpesiiiin;-:readt ,
to dispense with the luxuriestg-,.table tot. 4
let i ready tollingg all their jevveliifhte the
Confederate crucible; ready to; unkfirlfteiti
solves for the cause, of the-devil! grid alfe'
Qpnfederaey." '• . . „it 7a
IZIZETI
to be Developed