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AVIAMILY wr i tpißit- , i.Evo LLD., 1,0, GENERAL'AINTELLIGENCE .ADVERTISING POLITICS ~: L ITER T T mon Ai 'Tv AGRICULTURE . ARIFSAND SCIENCES' AMESEIIENT 'Ark Akie
9 •
708310112. K =VDTs
Foog,.HouSE:sTATEtiENT: . .FOR . ..:Is42O
BENJAMIN PEFF'ER, SAMUELIGRAHAM and JOHN 2tG, tsquires i
Directors of the Poor ? and of - the House of Employment of Cumberland
County, in account with said County, from the- ist•of January to the 31st
day of"December,AB42, inclusive, viz : : •
• •
•, •
' ' i
;. To amount due Institution at settlement in •
' 1841 by Jacob Snider, Esq.. Treasurer; $ 887 261
. Amount drawn from County Treasurer.. 5000 00
.. A mount received from Harkness & Darn- •
• hart, for use of Derrick Dennin, (slave) , 12 5,0
' Of G. Hatcher for use of P. Worts. , • 2 00
. * 'For Flax Seed, . • , . • 750
Turkies,
~ 1 1 06
---- ' --- Of Irwin and Gialtam for hides and skins, 141 . 68}
•Fo'r Clover Seed, •• " 24 75
Of J. W: Eby for use of T. Robinson,' . 60 . 00
' C. Keller for use Of JO3. Douglas, ' 150 00
• Tallow and .Lard, ... : . 19 74
• Geo..Myers.for use.or G. W. Myers,' '• • '65 67"
7. Elliott;•Esq. fines &o: voluntarily paid to
• , Directors w
.., ~. 6 60
, •S. Alexander, Et+ for use of P. Hays; 41 86
.1. Heffiebower &J. Clark pensioners, . ' .8049 '
Geo. Ege for use of Alfred Ege, (infant) '. 7 "70
Siberian . Apples, '2 50
Of Deceased Paupers, - 75
For Baskets, . . - - 1 911
Benj. Pelfer, Esq. for hauling, :Iced ; :.,
.. • 575 .
Samuel Eckles, F I N: do. ' 297
- Blank Indentures, 4 50
,
. Sundries, ; 694
'to balance due by iPeasurery
JACOB SQUIER, Esq. Treasurer of tl
ment of said Come, insaccount - wid
• the Ist day Of January to the 31st d,
'To amount: due at last settlement, - ' 987 2Q
" received from County_Trea..
surer, • 5000 00
Joseph Lobach, steward, from dilTurent
sources as cihibited in the foregoing •
. statement, 054 36.1
Balance due•hy Tre'asnrer,
- • Stock on Farm Ist of January .184 , 3. • • _
7 Head of Horsei•-32. Head of Horned Ca ttle- 3 Calves-8 Breeding Sows-50 Slieep - & 1 lasilb
Beef, Pork, Mutton and Veal, fattened and killed on Farm in 1842.
27 beeves, average .wt. 444 lbs. (11988 lbs) 48 sheep, .:verage 47 lbs (2256 lbs) 16 calves, average
65 lbs (10401b6) 39 hogs, average 1601bs t 6244 making in all (21524 lbs. - . _
Farming Utensils on Farm Ist January 1843.
2, narrow wheeled wations, 1 Wagon bed, 2 pair woad ladders, 2 pair hay ladders, 2 sled's; 1 dear
born, 1 cart, 5 ploughs, 3' harrowS ; 2 cultivators, 2, double shovaploughs, 5 wheelbarrows, thrensh.
mg machine, 2 limning mills, 2 log ehains,.6 sett of wagon gears, 5 sett of plough gears, sleigh
and homers, I flax brake, 1 horse rake, 2 sett of carpenters tools, 1 sett of blacksmith tools, and a
ra , iety of axes, shovels, grabbing Mica, digging irons, single trees, double trees, scythes, cradles,
furks, rakes, dr.e. and 1 sett of. blowinglools,.l sett of butchering tools.:
Schedule showing the pro - ceedS of the Farm for 1842.
469 bushels of wheat, 901) of oats, 142 E of corn, :127 of potatoes, 56 loads of bay, 7 of corn rod
der,lso bushels of tipples; 64 of onions, 41 reed onions, 27 ,of beets, 15 of parsnips,' 8 of peas and
below, 20 of toinatoes:24oo heads of cabbage, 2416 .tmeumber pickles, 8 bushels of flax seed,.:2,o of
clover seed, of timothy seed; 15 of hops, made 11 barrel;-of good cider, 3of water cider, 110
gallons of apple butter. , , •
Manunctured and,made in the House and Shop.'
86 yards flannel, 31 of-flux linen, 27-i of tow linen; 172 shirts and chimer, 92 calico flocks, 11
flannel flocks, 27 etticoats ; - 37 sheets, 147 pillow ciao, 49 aprons, 10 bonnets, 55 caps, 17 under
roundabouts, 14 pair drawers, 6 pilloWs,'6 chaff beds, 76 pair of stockings knitted, 32 pair footed,
I_7 barrels of soft noap, 97 pounds of hard soap, 75 pounds ,of beaks] flax.
•
JOSEPH LOBACH, Steward.
ELIZA LOBACH, Matron.. -
•
. ,
The Directors &e. of said County, annex the following exhibit of extra labor
Sze. performed by the , Stoward, Matron, and Paupers, from the Ist day of
. January to the, 31st of December 1849.-as follows:
15, coflins,-5,-pair of woollen pants, 4 pair sunaner pants, 17 roundabouts, quarried stone for 13 perch
stone fence, Made 1 double shovel plough, I horse rake, 15 shaking forks, 5 large tables for Poor
House, 3 sewing stands, 4 chests, I wheelbarrow, I sled, 2000 rails, cut 130 cord of wood, made 10
handle buskets,fi bushel baskets, 6 single trees, 3 double trees, 8.31 57. worth of blacksmithing.
Number of paupers in the institution Ist January 1842, (of which 21 wero,colored %id 7 • .
•out door paupers) is '
.. 124
Number admitted up till 31st - December 1842, - (of which 20 were - colored, 4 born In the
house and 1 stillborn, . , 154
• :Waking the whole number through the year - . ' 278
Ot which 13 died, 8 children bound out, 128 discharged and 8 eloped, 2 out door deaths,
and:7 out door paupers,' , . ' la.
Leaving the number of paupers in,the house lst litiiilarYAM3; of which 24 were colored; 120
Out door paupers supported at public expense during the yehr, 7
.
Whole number supported let January 1P43, -\
Of those remaining hi the Poor Rouse 31st December J 84 2, there are males 69 cf. which
( .
13 are colored, 69
..
127
. ,
. , . .
There are na near as can he ancertained under 1 year 5-6 froM 1 to 5-10 from 10 to 20-5 fr'om
20 to 30-15 from 30 to 40—_20_from 40 tuso-25-erum-50-up-60-20-from-6040-70-1-1-fromi7o-to
80=3 - Tiom 80 to 90. 120 -
we; the Directors of the Poor and of the House
of Employment of Cumberland county, do certify
the above foregoing statement to contain a just
and true exhibit'of the affairs of the institution
during the_period above_stated according- to the
best of our knowledge,
Given under our hands this 2d day of Jan•
nary 1843. • .
BENJAMIN PEFFER,
SAMUEL GRAHAM, Directors
JOHN ZUG, •
.. . .
• • •
• REMOV AL : : . VOstrgerital, iSpirits.'.
oa l tzsaz 3 4 0 4 1&atE,535 , 5 $ 9.41115 is n superior article, having stood the test o
. , • I experience, for removing all kinds of grease
. . .. ," .
Practical Hat and Cap , • . 1 "r , wax , 8 " , funn woolen articles. It is prepared
.
• ~..... ~. , in small bottles, and for side by .. •
aAatl? It 424 44-2 zi , at '.1 , .., Ur s - , 8 lEVEN SON, Ea HINKLE.
9 February 8, 1843. • - tr 4.5
liroodi inform his friends and the public, that
y he ha's liennitted his Cheap flat and 'Cap -,-. ' - .. •
Manufactory:ft; No. 82; Chesnut Bttert, to No. N'Ails .1, Nails I:- .Nails .1 !!
129 Cheimut Ste ' ;41thelloor below 4th Street; North
Side. under - the.Auction-Rooms of-Messrs.-Lyon ,- ft NE' THOUSANERCUMSERLAND NAILS,
and Hart, wkere ho r.ontinue to fi nish his justli , up.. will be sold in lots to suit , •purchasere; at the
selebrated •' . ' , ,
.•,, . • - • . extraorclindry low price of.s3 44 a Keg. Also 1500
1011 UR: .nwirs .Nqgil of Atuauter Nails, at $3 20 i Reg,,at .
••,' - . - . s,. •- • a- • . . ' ' * 'HENRY L. ELDER'S,' ' s
it the low priee Of Four . Dollari: and Ttienty-filvs ' , Cheap Nail Warehouse,49B Itlarltat cl.'Phila.
ent s equal in all reincets, if not' , superior., to,ll 'ani •r d ?" 4 1 7 1 1 1" 8 '' ' ! • .: • tr"if
bid to the - City - V
P.OO, and - apiertrds. Hle'Snii ---------.......-
..' N 11.1.. a 1 A. ,11 ; in.i3 ,',, 2. . , : . ..e aOP :CP Si . • • •
to 09,, warranted to be ore fine fur, bediett,far:sor
F IL '
inlcaurgntoofd.eitteWhere at s4.to 4.50. - t,!,' , - , n EA VER and _ ant Cl th foo over coats: Also
'Tovest the truth or the abPv.4,,aseeptiart these h. jua ,Black, Blue aud Invisihle preen,Cloth for dress
' t'estecl,to 'satisfy : thernselics,.. are.regoested t o. .' ''coats,jUst reed ved and sellix very lowoct the store of
t any or all the other Stores previous to calling ; . 'llea.saili.lll42: - : ' s .-- .'.. CHAS. WIELDY. '
iq Subscrilier; al". he 'id 'Seri thitt MS flats 19 ''' . 1 - • , .s. s ' • ' ' '
'ar 6 uhilticiated afhen OOmPared w, ittfOtheris. - -' ''., -* - ._.. ' ' ''-• ' .
Phile.Feb.4s4B43i I;''.- -` ' • --"' -'' ' two} :", , lAA "LINEN '', L'':.`ns;
1C.8, 1 *-Colintrt Meechants will find Rio theits'ae• .s' -' '' , 4 - ''•' •'', • 4 : '
_•, SU T 'received - and for sa ' 'al snpnly o
• Imago to cell- on ihtritubsorlber: - - •:.SHIPPINy , G.,,a,„., 84e , i i, c ,„,,. ~,. the .'.' .Ali -s: . N :
MIS wanted of all kinds.. -' • ' ' •- -- ''' '''''''' 35 ' .. raw orki'
•
POT,. 0400 Mtliieefrice,,ii fine eesortment; ' • .11.1 Morel drift And. goad - ,1:- . ' •
!
:PROD& . -01 04 1 ;INAMPlik i; 111 /F 4 - for Plc kV*" '. s.'' .. ' s:
fi ,, forgiv.4.llw,, , : . -,, ,- - :,, . ..i caolociivi.,ti-*,i;: , p4.if
4 1":3 11:` , .:..,r.i '_:Sv , qt . ". :', ,•Q , 'Z ' ''' , ; .! '', -,,, 7..', , , ,‘ ~: :.. , '.: 4 ; •
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By payrient of Intereak On.tiCiii,flis (for laud ~
,_
purchased of A. 111'Dowell in 1842,) ' $ 130 40
Cash orGrciceriesifilerchandize; Hard- ' ' •
...sv e, loftiing lk Bedding' included, 1647 54
Justices' nil Constable's Less . 62 36
' Support f outdoor paupers; • . 219'15
'Stock, 651 49
Crain, flour and grinding, , • 746 93
Sundries, fOr Pour House Kit Chen, ko. 498 99
rthlarilians of the Philadelphia Akita House • .
for support of paupers, . , . 122'55
4 4ilogii,g, Weaving, Carling e ntfting,Br.e. 125 19
'Materials; imkovemeats, &h. 207 . 01 i
A. Umberto:l for'. surveying and drafts of •,
Prior-floosie Farm,'6 25
.
Outdoor medical ai, `B 25
Oa door funeral' xpenics, • . . 33 :50
I
Fioming utensils, tools, &o. ' 99 15
Fllaaksinithing,- '23 12
.
Hutting, shoemaking, saddling and for har
ness,
Coal for two.years, • .
Postage, car litre, freight, Itc, '
Wagosimakingi ' •
•
Printing and Stationary,
Joseph Lobach's salary for one year, ,
Dr., .1. thilighmiiii for medicine and attn. :.
(lance for one year,
Samuel tickles, Esq. Director for extra ler- .
viers, . 40 50
Benjamin Peer, Esq. do do 22 50
Samuel Graliana, Esq. do do - 24 00
Jacob Squire, Esq. Treasurer for 1842,40 (10
Hugh Gaullsigher, Esq. Attorney for 1 841, 30 00
Surgical Instruments,2B 20
. ,
Potatoes,, 9 4G
. . -
$6541 63+
Leather,
- $6039 761
ll:dative due County by Treasuror 1 it Jan
uary 1343, . 501 1167
6541 63+
• • • $63'41.6311
$6541 (13i
To balance due by Ti.easurer,
$5Ol heq
le Poor Hotise - and Ilonse ofTErnploy
h the Directors of said Institution, fron
y of DeceinbP.r.•:l 842, inclusive.
By cash paid orders as stated abOve, $6039 76,1•
" Balance due county, • . 501 861
$654 634 ,
SSUL 86,4,
Females 51 01 which 11 arc colored,
And 7 out door paupers 4
We, the Auditors of Cumberland county, do
certify. that having examined the accounts and
vouchers of the Directors of the Poor and House
of Employment of said county from the Ist day
ofJanuary - to the Ist. - day of - December 1842, in:
elusive, do find a balance duu said county by, the
Directors of said Institution of five hundred and
one dollars and eighty-six and a half cents in the
hands of Jacob squier, Esq. Treasurer of said
Poor House and liotte of Employment.
Given under our hands at Carlisle, the 7th day
of January 1843.
SAMUEL WILLIAMS, • '
PETER BARNHART, Auditors
R. C. KILGORE, , . .
'S:"ZMIMZIM.
' • From Bentley's Miscellany
THIS WORIAP- OF-01.71t5.
Tsys world of ours, if free from sin,
Oh ! would it not be fair T
Funehine above, and flowers beneath,
And beauty everywhere ! •
The air, the earth, the , wittera teeth
" With living things at•play;
Glad Nature from an hundred throats
Pours her rejoicing lay.
Each balmy breeze - that wanders by',
Whispers some angel tone ;
And the clear fountains have a voice
Of musle'of their own. .
Even the leaves of the forest trees,
Moved by the zephyr's wing, .
Make a low murmur "11 content ,
To little birds that sing.
154 6S
268 so
18 II
10 12i
4 00
600 00
The busy bees o'er garden-flowers
A holy song attune,
Joining, with never-tiring mirth,
The minstrelsy of June:
And the great waves upon the deep, ,
Leaping like giants free, •
Add, in their hollow. , monody,
The chorus of the sea. .
Iso 00
There's beauty in the summer sky,
When from his ocean bed,
Like a Strong man xefresh'd by sleep,
The Sun Uplifts his' head r
And When behind the western rocks
How beauteous are the crimson clouds
Tpat curtain his repose
136 49
Are not the grassy valleys fair,
I)eek'd in their spring array i•
' And the high hills with forests clad,
How beautiful are they !
Look on the sea, that girdled vast,,, '
• ' l . Wherewith the earth liftiouhift ------ - ----
'Eyen in Fancy's wildest dreams
Can aught more glad be found. •
EME
. Oh ! 'twere indeed:p radlrnt world;
• A pdiiticlise complete,— . •
So redolent : of lovely things, •
So filled with voices sweet,—
if Sin had not in evil hour.:.
- 1 •
Enter'd - this . pleasant clime,
Yielding theM over unto Death,—
Sad consequence of crime!
$6541 63&
Hence is it that the choicest flow're
Fall by a swift decay, '
And hopes to which we to - tally cling. •
Pass suddenly away: .
Yet'mid all trials of our
This blessed thought is gives,
Earth is nut our abiding place,—
Man's native clime is Heaven 1
12/SOC3aI/.1:83as
LETTER FROM PROFESSOR DUBBIN,
•Niriss . ; December 24, 1842.
Ml' DEAR Dn. SEWALL :—I send you it
letter, not because you need informatiotiof
our
,movements in Europe, fo — r your son
keeps you informed, of these; but rather as
a te s t i mo ny of my deep sense of :your
many acts -of kindness to me, and also to
say, how much pleasure 1 have enjoyed,
and how much I haVe profited in travellag
abroad -with the -three ,young gentlemen
who have accompanied me. We have been
a little society, and have bid defiance to
ennui, hesitancy in our rao' vements, or
doubt of success. Few parties have ac
complished so .much in so short a time,
because we travel for information, not for
•
pleasure.
I have faithfully followed the advice you
- were so kind as to give me respecting a
journal. I fear I have made it too copi
pus ; for I judge I have already 800 or
1,000 pages, in which I have written out
the facts and reasonings which itiatme the
opinions and conclusions to which 1 have
come. I have interspersed sketches .of
men, society and scenery, connecting them .
with the policy, causes, and history to
which they are to be referred. The sketch
es are condensed ansLrapid..intended_to-pre—
serve the prominent points only, leaising
the subordinate parts to memory. •
I have-carefully studied the Catholic re-1
ligion, both as a system of faith consider
ed in itself, and as an external inkitution
acting upon society as such,.and • forming
au integral and necessary part of the Gov
eminent in Catholic countries. I have no
doubt—no intelligent Protestant in Europe
can doubt—but that Catholicism is gradu
ally retaining its ground in Europe,*under
Me direct or.indirect patronage of most,of
the monarMies„ because they find it a
very convenient
,and powerful Means of
controlling the mass of the people through
the priesthood. In Italy' and Austria the
clergy
, are in correspondence with the
'BishOps, and the Bishops with the
Minis
ters of Police. lonia Philippe . and the
Church had' no friendship for each other
severyears since; now they are in chase
alliance; and;'With . a returning sense of
religion: among the people of, France, there
is a correspondMg return, of the Church to
power. The ceremonies and ~decorations
Of the churChce- are, arrangedio suit the
slate of society,. so as M. strike• and capti•
vate :the trials Of.the' Thence
acquiringshe it her , influence, again,oyer
two divisions. _of conummity : over,kings
and rulere, hicause they need ' , her aka
means of' government ; and . ovOr.the'mass
of ,the lower orders, kecaosesheli 'so, ar
ranged in ',her external
~ceremonies as :to
Strike and :gratify theimnsesandiso:odapto
-014.4he!' glactritwi..4 , 'Ontipitery, , las4q
,5ir491,....0.0,0.„00ri,)410.r,00-*40101,141;
CZ
gAMMESM3II gt+at ' a 'boo aetra,
/VS LVS.
BY A. 61. J., ZiAllitXS.
the . pardou,of 'sin, atnd tilt, hope of escape
in" the next world, it notiquite suricessfu:
in this. ; While in Engl9ad she is acquit.
ingtreat infltimico,Arnt, y greatly multi
plying and. expanding, he i r external machi.
nery, such as find churches and sthedrals,
schools and collegest,anillihe residence of
many missionary .priest; secondly, by
the strange. apritoximationi of, many .of 'the
clergy pr the . entablishmeif" lo :what is.es !
senl ,
ial to Catholicism ; but, most of .all,
by the too equal division of Whigs and
Tories, so as to give the Oilance of poWer,.
during the last Adminiatrition, very much
to 'the CathOlie' party rearesented by Mr.
O'Connell; and when we remember: that
the religious faith of a , Clbolic:is superior .
to his political . " opiniona, while, on the
contrary,
.the liberal faitli.of a Protestant
is subordinate to his polificsl opinions, we
"shall see, the .true powef and position of
the Catholic Church in .idairs of govern
ment, where there are popular elections. , ---
1 m ust in justice add another, element of
po - wer in which, as a Christian, I rejoice.
I refer to the increasedgmorality and re.i
spectability of the clergyi•
. While the Church is ,cin'ijuiring power
and influence with sovettekos and kings,
and with the mangosof the people,-the-ed,
ucated and intelligent`portion of thecom
ty are much — b'etterTalreetedto wards
her than . . they •weie fifty or a hundred
years ago, considering 114 r puroy as a reli
gious institution, itivolviq faith and. Morals
simply; but they haVe-aa invincible aver
sion towards her as an eiternal institution
tictiog,on,so v ciety , as such, because she ef
fectually destroys the Mope of 'liberty, or
the spread_eLl . ibaral principles, , which
this :middle intelligent,class. in Europe,
cherish - almost - exclusiveir 7l'he result is,
this class is.neutralized in decidedly Cath
olic.cduntries;and the nobility are decjin
ing. in Influence and• else numbers, be
cause
- the sovereign fears!them and approx
imates the fitmple by the ;ntervention of
the Church, "Which synipaihizee with the.
highest and lowest - portions of the commu
nity on the continent, but not with the
intelliieut liheral class. This is
.the true position of the
,Cutholie .Church
at this time in decidedly Catholic countries,
as in Italy and Austria; and impercepti
bly increasing in semi-Catholic* countries,
even where the Groverninentp are Protest
ant. My remarks (Mimi apply to Russia.
Norway, or Sweden, as have not visited
them, and scarcely to Spain, o h) her pretr
ent agitated condition.
With respect to,England, I hate satisti
cd-myself that she is the tidiest, wisest,
- and greatest nation in the world ; but that
she exhibits the extremes of poverty and
wealth, destitution and comfort, depravity
and 'virtue, store' strikingly tl n any Other
1 •
people on earth. Slim lots aegidied her
maximum of dciuriuiuu and pm\ er, hut,
baying ti strotm and well •estalilished Gov
ernment, she will lona maintain her
(limey: Much ..f her-recess is to he ;Is
t-Tibetl to the character i her pi uple : ti w
Anglo-Saxons have always liven eminent
for enterprise and : hence, whiie
France is speculative, and discovers -gri at
principles, anc:_ts,t,lomtent.simpiy with their.
discovery, England applies them in prac
tice, which renders them productive ;
while Germany is metaphysical. and sog
gests splendid thoughts And thcoies, Eng
land holds fast what 'ages of good sense
have settled in morals and theology,
But I have said tlfat .Eln,gland hau attain
ed her maximum of ‘lealth and power.—
will appear, when we consider her
external and internal history since the cur
mencement.of this century. Fifty
ago mac unery was scarcely used at all to
produce maw:factures, and England was
the only nation that possessed, it and the
skill to use it. .upon the pacification of
Europe in . 181 6, the continental _nations
were,exhausted by the long' and destruct:
ive wars of Napoleon, while England's
soil had not tasted one drop of b100d...
The consequence was, she immediately
became the manufactures for the world ; &
the distribution of her goods vastly aug-
mented her mercantile marine and extend
ed her commerce. Of course, all nations
sent their coin to her to buy her manufac:
tures; which they could not produce- for
want' of machinery, skill, and .hands; the
first two of which Engrand prohibited frpm
leaving her soil, and the latter remained
with her because it was for their interest.
When,the continental nations and the U.
States' also were nearly exhausted of their
coin and bullion, and sought to
land in grain and raw material, she in
stituted the corn laws, and other customa ,
to protect her own' agricultural interests,
and compel money still' to flow to ' her in
return for manufaCtures. This policy con-
nued compelled other nations to -institute
manufambriel also, and, in order to switain
thern, to enact tariff laws after the exam
ple,
of .England, and the free ,crenmunies
lion with different nations diffused machi- -
nery and mechanical skill ' ', until other na
tions now have in these respects an equnli.
1 ty with Englan4anit in ,paint of cheap- 1
, kt,
flees of living a d iff customs i3veritt have
liti idieniage 0 her..
, ~,
,iifiefses . 0 erasing
abroa, itiiiep ro Aingiitiqo
~.-:,,,—<,,,..... . ,_, , ~.,
.::
milks, which now agitate England and
the Continent. In',England 'the manufac
turing Interest created . .a ,new and large
populetitin, peCulier to itself, •sici sudden]
collected, and so densely and - promiscu- ,
ously• crowded and lodged, as to be de
structive of health, but more 'particUlarly
of morals, decency, and frugality: : This
population recinired to be fed, and hence
the ` increased '7:consumption . of food aug
mented, the demand and raised the,renes of
land from 25 to 500 per•cent.- The result
'is, when trade fails them, and they are
literally starving, they. cannot melt away .
into the agricultural and "trading . .masses;
and thus be abSorbed and restored;:but
~..
they must gradually perish until their 'Um
ber shall be reduced to•the preserrrdeinand
of trade, and then .they may barely live
again. But while trade--was active the
manufacturing population prospered :Tido,
but - as:the nation& around improved in their
productions less was wanted from England;
'and
, theirsuccess exceeding their own ex
pectations, they very naturally conceived
the - idea of reducing her' wealth, distress
ing her people; and humbling her power,
by excluding her manufactures. The con
s. quence is, Fiance is increasing her - tariff,
Germany. has entered..._extensivcly jou . a
national customs union with . Prussia at its
head-Fand-the-United_Statea,_by__necessity
has been obliged . to increase the tariff,- am
must continue it, even if tigidnst her will;
and the consequence is att unprecedented
Edling otrin English exportation of manu
factured goods, and a. distress among her
her laboring popfilatiim that has, no - paral-
lel nn earth :` Alt Mid — more -thatT-I- have
said may be fully proved by the "Report
on the condition of the Laboring Poor"
published •by authority of the HoOse of
Commons, July, 1842.
This .suite of thintrs in England has pro
duced the -liing protracted effort to obtain a
repeal of the corn laws, in which the great
landed proprietors are deeply interested,
because it would reduce their rents ; and ,
the siiire - ringlaboring—population-are,
ested because it would give them bread
ai
a lower rate. The middle class in Eng- -
hind-is-greatlY T•etiticed in numbers -arnl in-
Gene° by the increase of the richeenf the
rich and the poverty of the poor; for, by
the general introduction of machinery for
innnufaetnring: purpose, , , however onter
prising and skilful a man may be, if he has
not money he must simply become a part
of the marhitrryof the rich mill owner,.
fixed price per quaqum. ,of work or
time. In merrantile•transactions it is much
the' . saine, as great companies now• trans
act all heavy business, and the shopping is
so rut up and divided aiming, the millions
that do a little, that it is a piece of great
good fortune to get a run of (install' so as
to save any•tliing.. Bence the extremes.of
society are widening in Eitgland, and ab
sorbing to themselves the middle. class;
and, if things continue as they are, the re
,oilt will be that there will he but two clas
ses there. the very rich and tho_ miserably
poor; and I see no probability', scarcely a
p,,sioility, of an alteration in this state of
things..' If is true that the tloctrine of free
trade,-which doubtless is the true system
ab'straeteilly,is gaining ground in England ;
but her past policy bas forced the other
countries into a false pci4ition with respect
toillis principle ; and while she may see
it her interest to adopt'the free trade prin
ciples, other eonntries, pa illy foe this very
reason, (as Prance, for instance,) and part
ly herause of their own arti s fii;iiil interests,
which the policy of England for the last
Cif ty‘years obliged them to create, will be
minntain, their tariffs. until
they are placed on equal ground With her - .
of trade and commerce in Eng
tand,stich as it was in 1820 and 1835,is
possible
-- am - aware that it is an important ques
tion in Atn - erica whether this state otthings
does not endanger the Government of Eng
land ? -So one would judge at a distance.;
but inspection in the country leads to a di
ferent result.: The nobles and the crown
rule by right of office ; the titled and un-
titled rich rule by. influence in elections;
because it is the interest of'oll men of pro
perty to .support the Government. The
vast amount of servi,T required in the civil
and military police of thesountry,, in the
army and ne.vy, togetherwith-the respect
and certain pay attached iliereto,.however
entail, are sufficient to enablifthe Govern
ment to abstract from society
,most of the
active-minded,, able-bodied men, • (not in-.
eluded among the rich and noble,Land_en
_ .
list them in 'the pliblic service, •and thus
secure them on the side of the GOvern-
Mem. The remainder, the common ,peo
pie who labor for , their living, have neither
spirit nor force to make resistance if they
desired'; nor any leaders of character, tal
'ents, "and skill to conduct them; and ;he
country is so overspilled by the police,aed
the system of , rails.roads radiates from the
capital to every vale, so that the Govern
ment in London can, know in a few.hours
where the danger lies, and min concentrate
`troops on the point in a few hours more,
and ,before it is possible for the disaffected
to have notice'of their 'coming. , All' this
%,vokroalized last July and August daring
the riots. -
?Pgint.l I ..' iinA
i ,;. iblowitig
The-Church of England .I regarded be
fore I left home as the !milks arkof Protes
tantism in Europe; I still so regard
consider it the best possible 'model of a
Church and State. Its moral and literary
character, as it respects the clergy, ie high,.
vastly higher than it was one hundred - or
even fifty years ago. Thisis generally at
tributed to the action of Dissenters and
Methodists, who have also increased the
actiaty ogthe church as a measure of self;.
defence, fi - ecause tile piety and activity of
Dissenters and Methodists were emptying
the parish churches,' and of 'course bring
ing the'parish clergy into contempt s r iity
the common people.. They have,iecover
ed greatly,_fro ;• il t and are recovering
still ; 44 4 Nil:here it; at least a rela
tive decline issent and Methodism.--
I do not say Tat the Dissenters and Me
thmlists have declined absohdey in nuns=
'ay the church
they, relative
; .sw much so,
;ye she would
uence in. the
the continued
ity as she has'
hersoctir
has gainer
/y, (luring
that, as a
nearly_ nei
course of
o Increase
Zone for th
-- Put_the alarm_which• the church took
some fifteen years sinceat.the-progress of
-Dissentere-and.-Methodista-producedinoth
er still more remarkable result : - .lCgaVe rise
to the :bitter controversy concerning the
apostolic suCcosion, which the' church
claimed, to the exclusion of Dissenters and
Methodists ; - and'therefore would give her
a Vent advantage if she could establish her
Claini - and-discredit the-ordinatice_of-Dis !
•senters and Methodists, and invalidate in
the eyes Orth - Tipeople.the_tiacratnents_adl_
ministered by,them. For thus they would
be drawn to the church to receive the sacra
ments, whiell would. be an . aCknowledg;
meat of her exclusive right to administer
them. This controversy produced the Ox
ford Tracts by pressin,gthe validity and
sacred efficiency of the sacraments only .
when adminislered by the -established
ehtreliiifllie-Cailioliecler,gy, whose au-•
thority and ordination were originally-de
rived from a common source,. Thu's - you ,
see the approximation of the-Tractarians
to the Catholics, the latter of Whom regard
it as very close, and syMptomatic of the
return of England to tae true tht . irch. Dr.
Wiseman, I hear, has declared .that the.
‘Vay . is °Oen on the ground of the Oxford
Trims ; and Dr. Daggs, inincipal of the
English college of Rome", anti Cardinal Ac
ton both declared to me, in free and.pro
tracted conversations, ,that these views of
the Tracts were generally entertained at
Rome ; hut t they added, the attOors did
not intend to bring the English church to
Roman but to essential Catholicism, for
the double purpose.' of gratifying".the
yearnings of the English mind for Catholic
truths," and for resisting Dissent and
thodism. It will readily occur to you that
these same questions have' been' and are
yet to he still more earnestly pressed in
America between Protestant Episcopalians
find-all-sects with Presbyteriah ordination,
among wheat are the Methodists, BtiptistS,
and German Reformed churches. I ought
to add, the church of Rome dons -not ad
mit the validity of the ordination of the
church of England, although England ad
mits the validity of Catholic Ordination.
No country 'has interested mil more
ban lteland. She is, a problem in socie
y 37'et to be solved. .With a general desti
ntion that has no parallel in Europe, she
has increased in population for the last fifty
years in-.proportion much faster than a v'
other European.. country; while, at the
same time, she has parted with millions of
her ohildren by enlistmehts in the army
and navy, and by emigration •to the col
onies and foreign ).States.._ . l'his..fact of the
rapid increase of her population, with the
general absence of the comfortable means
of subsistence and residence, is directly at
variance With what has been considered a
settled -law in political economy, that the
increase of population is in proportion to
the means of subsistence. 'I passed through
the length of the island, and made a little
volume of notes-and reasonings; and finally
came to this conclusion: that early mar
riages (girls generally marry at , from four- -
teen to seventeen } were owing, -not io a
natural--improvidence of the Irish, but to!
-the utter hopelessness of improving their
Condition preparatory to marriage, Hence
.they follow the first Sudden impulse of
youthful passion in order to secure the,
longer continuance -of pleasure -which-'can-
not-be improved by delay. If the inquiry
he, why cannot they improvotheir condi
tion ? the answer is, the land is' held most
ly in largnitraote,by absentee proprietors,
and the demand for it is so great ;, owing
the density ofthe populatiOn, and the rent
so high, (much higher ,in proportion
than' that the family can
scarcely meet its payment while.they live
ort potatees.. , believe 'they
eufliciencyhave a and' I . was 'strongly
inclined to, jump to the conclusion' - that`
potato diet ie favourable to the production.
ae well ;is to' the 'eusteitancei t 'Of . ti
tins population.',• - •:
• ,
~„,.
.thatl y'..l ll4 t:ki?"tltiO
pf ife*l4" , :fl4.i*aris., 490, ilnismorie
firtnieMlNE .2taEga
meet by the !nether country, but from an
overgrown pOpUlation ;;from large 'landed
eittatee,Alvided of- from a
half to ten or twenty , acres, at exorbitant
rents ; hem the absence of the proprietor
in England, to' whom, the rent is sent to
be spent in London, or in travelling on
the Continent ; and to Catholicism, which,.
from its. very 'genii* is leia. friendly to•
imprOvement and :industry than Protestan...
tient. This -is evident by a comparison
of the North and South of Ireland. To re
move, therefore, the ills of Ireland; would
require an exertion ..of the .G,overnmentin
the Violation of vestedrighte,by compelling
the diViaioTh of large lancled•eataies ; and.
the ceminon right*Of citizenship, by com. ,
'pelling• the proprietors to.,reside in-the coun
try, and 'improve it by the product of (heir
eitatesarge landed - estates in entail
and hereditary titles.. of nobility are the'
true sources of the miseries of Europe;
yet the Irish are. the most gay 7 spirited and .
cheerful people I have seen ; and both
the population and the . country, under a
right policy and free' system of
,govern`
ment,, for which they could be prepared in
half a century by a good System of public,
instruction,-might be
,made . equal to any ,
in the world. _
I.rititen - dert.) 'have said something - of- -
I France,- Germany,- and - Italy ;Aut2l---must----,
postone these until I see you. • Having
said so.much shout policy, ettlichis -- . gov
ernment, dr,r, I will-add, I have been much .
interested in studyini — the condition and ,
progress of aociety;• in dfrerent, centuries
and countries, in the remains of art and
ruins of edifices' found every : where in
Europe. I cannot recount
content myself by sirnply iefering to Rome,
which is a wonder, and is itself tiorth* •
visit 6)- Europe: In its remains you may
see thu legitimate influence - of absolute
monarchy, as under the kings, when the •
' imperishable Cloca Maxima was prndu. •
ced, only one hundred and fifty years from
the foundation of the city. of the Republic, —
when utility. prevailed and produced no
imperishable monuments ';
and under the
Empire, when Rome was made,: and
has bequeathed, to the - World her ruined
palaces; arches,.
.amphitheatres, temples,
tomes of such magnitude and strength' as
to haVe•been and continues to be impregna
ble.fortresSe3,.collisetom &e.—the evidences
of concentrated power and - wealth untrietidd - -
ly to the hapineis and liberty of‘the people; •
yet ea dazzling to them as to steal away
their freedom and substance by gratifying
their senses with. splendor and sports: . So.
the' baronial castles of the middle ages'
perched on hills, while 'the towns nestled
under their beetling towers, clearly declare
the state of society that prevailed then. '
Ibeg your pardon for not referring to
the cause -of temperance, or the state of
medicine;_ of
. the last I am no judge, and
of the former, you May have seen a letter
which I ivrote to Carlisle. And as I can
not write to all the friends I have she plea.
sure of claiming, you have my permission
to share this with them in any , way you
judge best. You ,may likewise say to
them that we shall probably be in Palesd
tine when you and they are reading this,
having seen Greece and Constantinople,
and on our way to Egypt; and then, for -
home. My kindest regards to each memo •
her of your
As ever, yours,' J. P. DURBIN.
years.
. THE CHARM OF WomAx.---There were
.many defects in her character, but beauty
and gentle manners in the great estimate of
woman, go far towards supplying their
want of energy and evea_their2aant-of-heart
It is as a wife that these defects appear
and 'grow upon the disappointed husband,.
like the frightful. figures exhibited by a
Magic Lantern ; increasing in hideousness
as they increase-in magnitude and distinct- ,
ness. It is when the doming lover begins
to . suspectthat the silent caldhe had hither ,
to mistaken for maidon shyness,is in reality
the silence of the soul—the calm 6f im
perturbable stagnation; when.lus discovers .
that he has devoted hiefirst and best affee•
thins to a beautiful marble statue ; when
he returns to his home, which ought to be
ever sunny place," and finds nothing'
but the yawning vacaney of a cold and
cheerlees void; when he pours hie fresh
warm feelings that burst in unstudied:lan,
Iguage from his burning lips upon the stony'
surface ef_an insensible heart—and
-",that:•
heart a woman's !—it is then that he shrinks '
back repelled and blasted, as if the blootw•
lug charms he once adored were exchang.
ed. for deformity and horror. -
Oh it is by the secret fountain netters&
changing love—Ate well of inexhaustible .
refreshment in the desert—the rose that
blooms forever beneath the Sunshine done
beloved eye—the voice that raises in a 'con.,
tinned strain of melody , above the discord . '
of the worl&.--the bird of beauty, who%
faithful wing is never folded'siee in itsonns
sheltered nest. The pre unsullied streetr. ,
offering sweetness and Melody to 'ererjr . ; l
bosom, it meetS,' but reserving the fill Midi` ::::
o f its 'eladriese '„ for, One t—it.ie
mystical symbols .'se these that *O. would
.
deeeribe the , natural, the distinctive. that= "
of. woman i—not , by her perfeet,fOrffii : hlif
ruby lips, her4parkling eyes, orlier:Pret.,:,
tresses, whether tlieyranjnr4Yek:lsollll:;l;,''
onileroarblo brow':Or glitter in the sun a ,