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ydh. 10. STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, JULY 18, L850. ' No. 4i
Published by Theodore Schoch.
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AT THE OFFICE OF THE
Jefcrsonian Republican.
INVITATION
To the National School Convention.
The accompanying address has been written by
the Hon. Horace Mann, preparatory to a meeting
of a Convention of the Friends of Education.
The address and its object recommend themselves
strongly to the attention of all the Friends of Ed
ucation in the country, and as one of them we
have taken th liberty of sending the address to
you with a request that you would give it an in
sertion in your columns.
Reports upon the following topics it is expect
ed will be made by Comraiteesappointed at the
last meeting of the Convention.
I. Territorial or civil subdivisions of the
state involving the extent to which the District
System should be carried, aud the modifications
of which the same is susceptible.
2. School Architectdre including the loca
tion, size, modes of ventilation, warming and seat
ing, &c, of buildings intended for educational pur
poses. 3. School attendance including the school
age of children, and the best modes of securing
the regular and punctual attendance of children at
school.
4. Grades of schools the number and char
acter of each grade.
5. Course of instruction Physical, Intellect
al, Moral and Religious, Esthetical, Industrial.
Studies Books, Apparatus, Methods.
6. Teachers Their Qualifications their Ex
amination and Compensation Normal Schools,
Teachers' Institutes, Books on the Theory and
Practice of Teaching.
7. Support Tax on Property, Tax on Pa
rents, School Fund.
8. Supervision Stale, County, Town.
9. Parental and public interest.
10. Supplementary means Library, Lyceum,
"Lectures.
JOSEPH COWPERTHWA1T,
GEORGE EMLEN, Jr.,
P. P. MORRIS,
A. E. WRIGHT,
A. T. W. WRIGHT,
Committee of Arrangements,
'-'At a National Convention of the Friends of Ed
ucation, held at Philadelphia, on the 17th, 18th
arid 19th of Octobelast, the following Resolutions
were unanimously abopted:
" First. That this Convention will meet in the J
City of Philadelphia, on the Fourth Wednesday
in August, A. D. 1850.
' " Second. That in the judgment of this Con
vention, the Friends of Education in all its de
partments ought to be enlisted in its deliberations,
and that in issuing notices, or an address for the
next -annual meeting, the invitation should be so
framed as to comprehend both those interested in
Common Schools, and those connected with Col
leges, Academies and other institutions
" Third. That the President ol this Uonvention j
be requested to prepare, on this principle, a short j
- . . . . f
address to be published by tne Committee at least .
three months before the next meeting, urging the
"attendance of the Friends of Education throughout
the country."
The time having arrived, at which the duty pre
scribed in the foregoing Resolutions must be per
formed, the subscriber respectfully presents him
self before the public, and solicits, for a lew mo
ments, the favor of their attention.
. Although the Convention from which the fore
going Resolutions emanated was composed of the
Friends o Common Schools, yet it is expressly
required that "the invitation be o framed as to
comprehend both "those interested in Common
Schools, and those connected with Colleges, Acad-
emies ana otner nisiiiuuuuo
This comnrphfinsive invitation was liberal and
wise. It proposes to unite all Teachers.of youth
in one co-operative effort. The different periods
-and degrees of education so meet and flow into
each other, that they are hardly susceptible of be
ing even theoretically separated. From the first
form in the Primary School to the higest class in the
University, there is a perfect continuity of pro
gress. No brek, no chasm, no change of identi
ty, interrupts the course. The succeeding grows
from the preceding, as the oak of a hundred
years has grown from the germ that cleft the a
corn ; or as the bird that soars undazzled towards
the .meridian sun, has grown from the .eaglet just
chipping its shell. Hence, the President of a Coir
lege and the Teacher of a Prirtary School, though
standing far apart, stand in the most intimate re
lation to each other. Without the labors of the
latter, the former would have no material -on
which his processes could be performed; aud .with-
papers oy a earner or stage drivers employed by the piupue
tor. will be charced 37 1-2 cents, ner vear. extra.
. No papers discontinued until all arrearaoes are paid.
3 h-
out the former, the works of the latter would re
main crude and incomplete. They are engaged on
different parts of but a single work, and there is
the same common interest between then' as be
tween the sower of the seed and the gatherer of
the harvest.
Heretofore, there has often been something, at
least of indifference, if not of alienation and re
pulsion, between those who preside over the com
mencement of education and those who superin
tended its close. It is time they should see that
their interests are not adverse, but identical; nay,
that when pursued in harmony, they are cumula
tively beneficent. These parties may create some
benefits when acting separately; but when co-operating,
they multiply those benefits by a high
moral power. The child, whose mind was well
developed in the school-room, not only shoots a
head, but speeds farther and farther ahead of all
that he could have been without such early devel
opment. His advancement is lepresented by a
kind of compound as well as geometrical series,
made up by multiplying time into velocity. When,
in his turn, such a child becomes a parent, he
sends better prepared children to the school-room.
And out of a larger oumber of minds, awakened
in their youth, and made self-conscious of the ex
istence of their faculties and of the glowing de-
! light of their exercise, all the colleges are sure to
lengthen.their catalogues; for a child whose mind
( has been fired by a love of knowledge cannot be
j kept back from those deeper fountains where his
thirst can be slaked. The college draws him ir
resistible, and he will break through every bar
rier, poverty, discouragement, toil, sickness, all
but the " unconquerable bar" of death itself, to
reach and enjoy it. The colleges will not only
lengthen their catalogues, but illuminate them
with brighter names. And a community so trained
and advanced, will look back with filial piety to
the institutions where their honorable career be
gan, and will love to cherish, honor and elevate
them, and all who labor in them. Such action
and re-action cannot fail to lift up the race. It is,
therefore, most earnestly hoped that all grades of
teachers, from the earliest to latest, will attest
their interest in their sacred profession, and their
regard for each other, by their presence at the pro
posed Convention.
A. few considerations will serve to show that
there never has been a period in the history of
man, when Universal Education was so impera
tive a duty as at theiresent moment. I mean ed
ucation in its most comprehensive and philosophic
sense, as including the education of the body, the
education of the mind, and the education of the
heart.
In regard to the first topic, it is well known that
physical quantities are hereditary. Disease and
weakness descend from parent to offspring, by a
law of nature, as names descend by a law custom.
God still ordains that the bodilv iniquities of the
fathers shall be visited upon the children unto the j because they act upon it in the ductile and im
... , e , . 7, , , , , pressible slate of childhood and adolescence, and
third and fourth generation. When we look back-; , . , , , u, ,ait
ward and see how the number of our ancestors is
doubled at each remove in the ascending scale, it
affrights us to reflect how many confluent streams
from vicious fountains may have been poured into
the physical system of a single individual. Where,
for many generations, this horrid entailment of
maladies has not been broken by a single obe-
dient and virtuous life, who can conceive of the
animal debasements and depravities that may cen
tre in a single person. At every descent, the
worst may become more worse ; and the posible
series of deterioration is infinite. Before the hu
man race, or any part of it, becomes more dis
eased, or physically more vile, is it not time to ar
rest and restore ? This can only be done through
education, or through miracles ; and it would re
quire more than three hundred and sixty-five mir
acles each year, to preserve health and strength
under our present vicious social habits. Those
who do not expect the intervention of miracles
are false to their families, to the community and
n .. r i n. !. r
to Vjoa, n tney ao not urge lurwaiu uc wuin u
Physical Education as the only means of rescu-
mg trie race irom an innimy oi sicKnesses, weaK
nesses and pains. Public Schools are the only in
strumentality for inculcating upon the communi
ty at large a lmowledge of the great laws of
Health -and Life.
There never was such a necessity of imparting
power to the human intellect, and of replenishing
it with knowledge, as at the present time ; and in
no country is this necessity so imperative as in
our own. The common affairs of life require a
hundred times more knowledge now than they did
a century ago. New forms and kinds of business,
too, are daily emerging into practice, which must
tie conducted with intelligence and skill, or they
will ruin their conductors. How much more
knowledge and art are requisite to make a cotton
or woollen factory, with all its nice and numerous
appendages, than to make a spinning-wheel or a
than to drive a team o,n a highway ; to build and
navigate a steamship, than to sail a vessel; to
make a chronometer, than a dial or an hour-glass;
to manage a telegraph, than to send a courier ; to
make a power-press that shall strike off ten thou
sand copies in an hour, or a telescope that shall
lay open, the structure ,ol the universe, than to co
py manuscripts or profess astrology. The pro
foundest sciences are working their way into the
eyery-day business of life, and tarrying power arid
beauty and multiplication of products, wherever
they go, and whosoever cannot seize upon the ben
efits Which they confer, will be left in poverty,
misery and contempt. -
Not only in all the departments of business .re
thereevcry where more life, energy and compass;
but the masses of the people are investing them-
selves, or are becoming invested with new social
and political prerogative. The freeman who may
go where he pleases and select whatever occupa
tion he pleases, needs vastly more judgement and
intelligence than the subject of a despotism who is
born into some niche of labor, and must stay where
he is born. The citizen who manages not only
his own personal affairs, but those of his municip
ality; who governs himse in all his political re
lations through representatives chosen by himself;
whose vote may determine not only who shall be
rulers, but what measures of national or inter-national
policy shall be established or annulled ; on
whose will peace or war, national honor or na
tional infamy may depend ; sui a citizen, in
capacity, in knowledge, and in wisdom, should be
as a god, in comparison with a Russian serf or a
Hindoo pariah. At this time, then, I say, there is
vastly more for trie mind of man to do and to un
derstand than there.,ever was before ; and, there
fore, that mind musH'be proportionately strength
ened and illumined.
There never was a time-when the moral nature
of man needed cultuie and purification more than
it needs them at the present hour. What we call
civilization and progiess, have increased tempta
tions a thousand fold ; in this country, ten thou
sand fold. The race for wealth, luxury, ambition
and pride, is open to all. With our multiplied
privileges, have come not only multiplied obliga
tions, which we may contemn, but multiplied dan
gers into which we may fall. Where oppression
and despotism reign; all the nobler faculties of man
are dwarfed, stunted, and shorn of their power.
But oppression and despotism dwarf, aud stunt,
and despoil of their power, all the evil passions of
men, not less .than their nobler impulses. In this
country, all that is base and depraved in the hu
man heart has such full liberty and wide compass,
and hot stimulus of action, as have never been
known before. Wickedness, not less than vir
ture ; diabolism, not less than utilitarianism, has
its steam engines, and its power presses, and its
lightning telegraphs. Those exteral restraints of
blind reverence for authority, and superstitious
dread of religious guides, and fiery penal codes,
which once repressed the passions of men and
paralyzed all energy, are now lifted off. If inter
nal and moral restraints be not substituted for the
external and arbitrary ones that are removed, the
people, instead of being conquerors and sovereigns
over their passions, will be their victims and their
slaves. Even the clearest revelations from Heav
en, and the -sanctifying influences of God, unless
vouchsafed to us so daily and momently as to su
persede all volition and conscience of ours, would
not preclude a virtuous training as an indispensa
ble pre-requisite to a happy and honorable life.
He takes bu.t a limited view of the influences and
the efficacy of Christian ethics who does not strive
to incorporate and mould them into the habits and
sentiments of youth; who, as fast as the juvenile
mind opens to the perception of wonder, of beauty,
and of truth, has not an exhaustless store of mor
al wonders and beauties and truths ready for trans
fusion into it.
By force of these weighty considerations, which
pertain to the whole circle of human interests,
individual and social, mortal and immortal, I am
instructed to entreat those most effective guides
and reformers of mankind, those guides and re-
. formers who act most efficiently upon the race,
who can act also upon the largest numbers as well
as with the greatest power, to assemble at the
time and place specified in the first of the resolu
tions, to deliberate upon the great interests of ed
ucation, to increase the intensity of its action, to
enlaroe the comoass of its beneficence, and to
cheer and stimulate each other in the discharge of
; their respective duties. If each shall bring, though
it be but a taper's light, their united rays will pour
a flood of illumination upon the whole path of du
ty. If each shall inspire the others, though it be
with but one flash of enthusiasm, their union shall
become as it were tongues of flame, uttering proph
ecies and hymns of gladness. If each shall im
part to his brethern, though it be but a feeble im
pulse, their combined force will endue every arm
with a vigor and every heart with a resolution un
known before; so that each shall return to his own
sphere of duty, to work no longer in a lonely field
and by his.own solitary strength, but with an en
ergy borrowed from a thousand arms, and with a
living consciousness that all good men and angels
and our Father in Heaven are co-workers with
him for the improvement of mankind.
HORACE MANN,
President of the late National Convention of the
Friends of Education. ,
Washington, May 18th, 1850.
RIVALS IN WIT. A speaker who under
stands himself, will give his audience occa
sioually an item of Wit. It gives the mind a
necessary stimulus, and belter attention will bo
give to what he has to say." The Irish nation
in their palmy days, before they knew of sla
very and oppression, were a remarkably witty
people and U is not extinguished yet. They
even carried it to the inscription upon their
own tombstones. One man thought he would
be more witty than the rest, and had this put
on :
"Here I lie
As snug
As a bug .
In a rug."
Another Irishman saw it, and thought he
would Beat that so he ordered ihe: following
for the head stone of his grave :
'Here I lie
Snugger
Than that t'other bugger."7
Carniverous.
In the town of Penfield, New York, a few
days since, a woman left her child in the house
alone, sleeping in the cradle, while she went
for a pail'of water. When she returned, she.
discovered, to her horror, that a sow had en
tered the house and taken the babe in its
mouth and carried-it some distance. She irh
medtately Tan to the rescue ofher child, but it
was not until she had beaten the pail to pieces
over the ferocious animal's head, and after
wards wounded it severely with an axe, that it
released the infanj, and evep then the sow
attempted to secure us prey again, medium
was considerably injured, but ia likely to recover.
Peter Fl Iain's ILitck.
BY FALCONBRIDGE. j
In that beautiful, quiet city of paralled streets,
sweet butler and sweet women Philadelphia
there once did live a certain native of the
Emerald Isle, called Peter Flinn. His voca
tion was a most honorable one, because of its
usefulness to the commercial world driving a
dray. Peter owned a very ancient and nowise
spry horse, and equally unstable dray, by means
whereof he essayed, and by dint of great phy
sical exertion, in succeeded, obtaining for his
large and growing family a tolerable living.
Stephen Girard lived and carried on his im
mesne mercantile transactions at the time of
which I write, and was a principal performer
in my little story. The one eyed little French
man, the great pet of dame Fortune was not a
man of very wonderful developments of heart
and sojI, or sympathy in the misfortunes, cros
ses or losses of his fellow beings ; but now and
then he was known, more throngh eccentricity
than aught else, to perform some very credita
ble and really magnificent acts of kindness and
generosity towards those falling in his way.
One day said he to Peter Flinn, whom he had
oft, and for a long time, employed upon the
wharves in hauling goods from his largo ships
to his warehouses
11 Pe-tair, I believe you havo worked vairy
hard."
" Yis sir, and bo my sowl, I have," respon
ded Peter.
" Very long time ; you no save anything ?"
6aid the banker, the merchant prince, the mil
lionare! " Be my conscience, Misthur Ge-rad, it's
not a ha'puth I save at all ; the divil hisself
might dance his hornpipes in my bockets of a
Afonday morning, without disturbing a toe-nail
of his fut again' the silver that's there."
" Two, three, five, seven of de children
home, eh ?"
" Faix, and its yerself that's guessed it ex
actly, Misthur Ge-iad ; I have seven as brave
boys and gals as iter ye clapped an eye upon
sir."
" Ah, yes, I see, I see ; vairy well, Petair,
you shall have von chance presently, by and
by, directly, to do something battaire zan drive
de old horse and "dray."
" Faix, Misthur Ge-rad, it's myself that's a
saying it as should not be saying it, p'raps, but
it's Few men labor harder nor longr, for the
meat, bread, praties and hay that we ate, than
meself and Barney the old hoss thero ; and be
me conscience, it would be a godsend that would
put us both, myself, and the poor ould baste
there, over all our ills and miseries," said the
drayman.
" Ah, ah ! vairy veil Petair, you come into
my countiug-house by-and-by," and the little
old Frnchman, with his hands locked behind
him, stalked off to his counftng-house, leaving
ihe poor drayman considerably mystified as to
what ihe result of this conference was to be.
" Be dad,', says Peter to himself, "may be
it's the old feler's whim to set me up in a shop!
or be gorry, buy me a new dray and horse. O,
be me conscience, there's no telling what the
ould jintleman will do when he takes the turn ;"
and thus soliloquising, after a respectful delay,
Peter presented himself at the door of the mil
lionaire's counting-room, and doffing his hat, in
he walked.
41 Petair," said ihe merchant prince "ze big
Canton packet ship ilozart lay down at my
wharf."
" Yis sir."
" She havo one grand cargo of tea," contin
ued the banker.
" Faix, she have," said Peter.
" To-morrow, Petair, ze whole cargo be put
under de hammaire, to be sold to ze highest
bidder.
"Yis," Peter replies, still deeper in mystery
as to what or how that could interest or con
cern him.
Yairy Veil, Petair," continued the banker,
"to morrow morning when ze sale begin, be
you dar; ze tea be put up two or three lots, one
of ze merchants begin to bid, den you bid the
next
" Me ! 0, be goria, save your prisince, ilfis-
thur Ge-rad, would it bo for the like of Pether
Flinn to be among the merchants, and bidding
for a cargo of tea ? It's mad entirely they'd
say I was."
" Nevair mind you bid on ze tea when ze
tea knocked down you take ze whole, zen you
come to me, I fix' em. Good morning, Petair."
And stumbling and awkward with aston
ishment, Peter got out and the rest of the day
he went about muttering over to himself the en
tire strange and bewilrdering -part which he
had to enact on the morrow, at the grand tea
sale.
Next day, the merchants of the Quaker city
assembled on one of Girard's quays, where the
huge pile of chests of tea were ready for the
auctioneer's hammer and the bids of the mer
chants. It was a consignee's sale cash was
to be raised in short metre, and the whole cargo
was put up in three separate lots, half cash and
balance at four months, with approved endorse
ments.
" Now. gentlemen," said the auctioneer, o-
pening the sale, "we put Up eight hundred
chests of young hyson tea--what do I hear
for this hyson lea warranted all through as
sample or no sale ? How much do I hear i
Start it gentlemen we shall not dwell long on
this tea; Forty cents a pound I hear bid ! only
forty ceiita a pound forty, forty, forty, forty
cents a pound only is bid ; two and a half did
I hear ?"
" Yes, forty two and a half I bid," said Pe
ter Flinn, in a tone of voice I hat: fairly 'startled
some of the 'merchants. The auctioneer paus.
eu. a
You bid, sir ?" ' '
' Yis, it's me ; go ahead."
" Wc are not selling a pound or a box, but
800 chests !"
" Be dad, and sure I know that sir ; go on
with it."
The merchants snickered, and the auction
eer grinned ; no more bids were made, anSflown
come the tea, 800 chests.
" The name, sir !"
" Peter Flinn." 4 ; f
" Where is your house, Flinml' Ms
" Me house I" " ,4
" Yes, your place of business." -"
Mo house and faith I have no house : its
two rooms and. a cellar I have in wather-atreei,
and me place of business is round here on the
wharf."
" Your endorser's name, if you please 1"
" Stephen Ge-rad, sir !"
This dubious declaration produced another
stretch of the phizzes of the merchants, and the
auctioneer in great doubt put up another lot ot
five hundred chests. Down it went to Peter
Flinn ! And so likewise went the third. When
the sale was concluded, the merchants glided
off, believing the auctioneer was certainly a
"sold" man. But on presenting the bills and
notes of Peter Flinn at the desk of Stephen
Girad, the old follow cashed them on sight.
The sales came to nearly $100,000 ; the tea
was much wanted in the market, and Peter
got rare bargains, and before noon next day, re
ceived $15-000 bonus for his bid on the cargo
of tea.
The cargo was soon transferred, Girard in
demnified and the poor drayman found himself
with a tnug little fortune in his fob.
A curious Fact.
The crocodile, in feeding on the bank of the
Nile, or basking in the sun, is very much an
noyed by what Heroditus calls bdclla. The in-
side of his mouth is lined with them. All birds,
one alone excepted, fly from the crocodile ; but
that bird, the trochilos, on the contrary, flies to
him with eagerness, and renders him a great
service ; for every time that the crocodile lands
to rest himself, and streches himself out with o
pen jaws, the trochilos enters his month, which
it clearer of the bdella it finds there. The croc
odile is grateful, and never does any injury to
this little bird, from which he receives so good
an office. This was until recently discredited
as a ficton of Aristotle and Pliny, but recent in
quiries establish the fact. The term bdella does
not signify a leech, as was supposed, but a kind
of gnat, myriads of which insects swarm on
the banks of the Nile. These insects strike
their trunks into the orifices which abound in
the mouth of the crocodile and the tongue of
the crocodile being immoveable, he cannot get
rid of them. It is then that the trochilos, a kind
of little ring plover, which pursues the gnats,
every where, hastens to his relief and dislodges
his troublesome enemies ; and that, without any
danger to itself; tho crocodile always taking
care when he is about to shut his mouth, to mske
certain movements which warns the bird to fly
away.
A little fellow was questioned by his mother
last Sunday from the catechism. Among other
questions she asked ; "Who was cast into the
fiery furnace V With much promptness he
replid, "Dr. Parkman."
lioco-foco Summersets.
An exchange paper thinks a sprinkling of
Locofoco editors and orators would bo invalua
ble to a circus company. They can turn sum
mersets backwards and forwards better than
any of the performers who usually solicit the
patronage of the community.
What great protectionists they were in 1844!
Just to remember their newspapers ! How they
came out in favor of the Tariff! "We passed
it," said they, "and we sustain it." Well, the
people believed them and voted for Polk, and
tho first thing the party did was to give us the
Tariffof 1846, (the one the British Ambassador
likes so well,) and now they denounce protec
tion with all their might. After such trickeiy
and falsehood how can the people trust them
longer. ?
Question for "Exercise.
A certain rich man had 100 orchards, in
each orchard 100 apple trees, under each an-
4ft.
pie tree 100 hog pens ! Now in each hog pen
were 100 sows, while each sow had 100 piga.
Question how many sow pies among, them.
and what did thev all weigh, supposing tho
m i7 a w
price of pork to bo $14 a barrel? Talk about
enigmas! Chaw on that.
Some men havo very inquisitive minds.
For instance, a fellow who had noihing else
to do the other day, rang a door bell in Arch
street, .Philadelphia, and when the servant girl
made her appearance, asked her "where her
mistress got that new bonnet she worn, as he
wished to buy his wife one just like it."
A Great Day's Work, We learn that
more than twenty four thousand persons visited
the American Museum on- the Fourth. The
receipts amounted to four thousand-eight hundred
and twenty -seven dollars, being the largest sum
ever taken in one day.
A queer remark was made by sn urchin of
fire years, who had lost a sister by death, to a
neighbor who was attending the funeral.
'What are you crying for!' said the little fellow
io the latter, who was wheeping, it's none of
your juneralV
'Ma that nice young man, Mr. Sauftunf 1
very fond ofkissing. Mihd your sewing, Ju
lia; who told you such nonsense!' 'Ma, I had
it irom his own lips.'
The Young Men's Debating Society1 of Troy
are now "chawing" on the following question;
"Of what kind of tilnber is the NorU ?ola
composed!"