TOLUME .94-- , NU4IIBIi i-47::\ "RESIDENT'S M.ES-S-kGE„, Fenom..Citizens of ,the Renate and of the Rowe' of Repreeentatiree:'.• . :' • . The past hai . been an 'event f ull year, and g ill be, hereafter, referred to •as a: marked ere b in the history of the world:. While we preserved from the attain live been - happilY iiivs of war, our domestic prosperity. has not n , itirely uninterrupted; .The .erops, 'in T iortion t i of the country, have beet nearly cut t iff. D sense, haa•previtiled •to • a i greater ex tent -t n usual, and the. sactiffee of human 16: ~th ugh casualties by sea . - ' - andland, is , itithait a parallel: Ittt, the pestilence: has . ....,, inept b„ and restored salMrity .. invites the absent to. their homes, and the return of busi ries to its ordinary channels.' J. if the 'earth has resaided the labor: of .the husbandman less bou Itifolty.than in the preeixling seaslni, it has l• ft hiM" with abondanaY 1 for .domestie w i anti, • :nd a large surplus f3rexporption.,-- in the . .resent, therefore, as in the past, .we .find am le grounds for reverent thankfuhia4 . to the, od of Gra'ee.and Providenee, for his , • , . . gs . protecti g care and merciful dealin with us a a Pe' °Pie. . - . . • . Alth'ugh our attention ' has been arrested i _lv pain ulinterest in passing events, yet our co feels no in9re 't an..the slightest Id- I Illation . of• the conYulsiciefis whiiiii•have shak 1 en Europe. As individuals,- - :Wcam cannot re 74. : press sympathy With bunion suffering, tn. ye- 1 gret ford the causes which prodttee it. ' .As a • nation, we are reminded .that whatever inter-. 1 nip s _the peace 'or elMeksC-the prosperity q i -and part of Christendom tends,!thore.or less, •th . 1 involVe our own. Tetecondition of states : ; ) \ .. it not \ unlike that of ,individUals. They art: 1 • 'MutuallY . dependent upon each other, - They Cable reflation between them, and reciprocal I ; food will,' are essential. for the promotion. of i whatevhr is desirable in their "moral, social, i and pOlitical condition.- llctice it,has been My ear test endeavor to maintain peace and -friendly intercoune - with•all nations..: • • e•-i The wise theory of "ibis gOvernment: - i so 1 ,1. . . A early a opted and steadily purged. of rtyvoid, , -! ing,all entangling.alliances, liaa,hitherto ~ lA- . _I e nvied it.fromi_manY r coMplications, in' which.' ~ . .. a wouk otherwise have been involved. ..Not- 1 14itbstatding this, our clearly'. defined andi :well sustained course of action, ,and.our geo- r 1 graphied position so remote from Europe, 1 `it ereasing disposition has.been Manifested, by strie of its govermiteMs,.to supervise, and. i it certain respects, to direct, our forcit.m pOli cY. In plans for-adjusting. Ole balance ~of pOwer among themselves, they have- asstinied" to take its into account,' and tvould constrain Us to- conf4m our wild uCt to, ireir. vieWs. - -- bne or another of the powers oflEurope has, from time to time, undertaken , to - enforce ar bitratti. regulation's; contrary, in, Many re, • spats, io estabthled principle. of ,interna tienni 1 w. That Inw tin:United States'iive, in thawir foreign intereOui>e.,_ -uniformly re- . . spected and. observed, and they . cannot reef ,(,- nize an • such interpolations therein, as - til temper ry interests of. others ii-lity suggest. They dO, not : - .o.tniti that the:sovereigns of one contitient , -or of tiffiktik,6l. - ‘ 7•• 04 iii,Tnutitty of, Stites can legislate for' all other's. ,r .. . • . .I. e . N l itty, the trans,atlantic nationslcLadjust their ppliti(•al s,:esterri in the way they . •may think best 'fix their common; weitlire,. the in-. dependent powers of this continent May well assert the'right to be exempt froirkall anzio:,•- hig inuirference... on . .their part. '; Systematic abstitier...• from intimateTolitleal Connection withclitanifortzign nations, dots not conflict - with i=l , . , .ne , the - widest ranrre . to our ti.)reigu, „ c canine 't:e. • This. distinction; so clearly inOrli . ed in hi",.;tory,•seen - iSto have been oN•erlooked, o:',di , rezirded, by smile leading fkreign States. Our refusal to he brought within, and subject ed to, their peculVal• system, has, ,1 fear;:erea tedca jt alai's distrust of our Conduct, 'and in- duccd, on their part,, occasional acts of dis till-Ling 'effeet upon our foreign- . relations.— "Our. prt„ , cnt attitude and 'past' course gii-eas-.. su l ianee ~Which should not be questioned;that -, oi„r purposes are not aggressive, nor threat- ening t the 'safety and welfare of other na ' ticins. , Our military establishment, in tithe 1 , ..otpeae is,adapted to niaintaim eiterior de . - . fences, and to preserve order among the'al)o -• riginal tribes wiltin the limits of the' Union. Our na . i:al force is intended Toni y for the pro- - 1 1 our our eitizcqis abroad, and of :our 1 ' ” a . t.— commerce;diffuse as i is, over all the seas . the globe.. of the The governinent of the United States, being essentially,, pacific in Policy, standsrepared to, repel invasioM - •bY the Vol anfary erviee of a. patriotic people, -and pro 'vides'n permanent means of foreign aggress siOn. , - 1 here • -eci,nsideraitions should allay all ~, apprehension, that we are - disposed .to en, crunch 10g,1 the rights, or endanger the Si:curl- Ay of aer - States.. ° 1 Sortie European, - powers ."Viive, regarded, with 'ON: nicting concern, the territorial-ex- ~ pansica of the United :States. This I rapid .. growth has resulted frOm the legitimate ex ercise orsovereigi, i rights,.belonging alike.; to all nations, and by Many liberally exreised. Under such circumstances, it. could. hardly .liaVe ben expectcxl 2 that those among them, which have, within a conpa •t' • Iy . - e t 'period, Isubdued and .absorb e d ancient • king- dotns, planted . their, standards On . every con, tirient, and now_posSes.s, or.claiirothe control *tithe stands of every ocean as their appro-. priate - omain, would look. with unfriendly sentim tits-upon the acquisitions of thiscsitiric, T, in very instance, honorably obtained, or would feel themselves - justified in 'imputing. our advancement to ,a spirit of ag,greSsion..or Oa passion for political predominance. ' Our foreign Commerce has reached a. Mag.- ni,ude nd extent nearly .equal to that of the first . . 0 aritime power 4 the earth:, and ex •eeedin , that of any other. .oVer. this great irtteres ,'in . which not., only Our merchants, but ill classes of citizens, At leastindireetly, are eo' eerned, it is the duty_ of the executive • .add le islative bran'elies of the government to . cereiSe. a careful superVision,.!.and . adopt prol ineasures.tbr its The Sol 10s NV ich 1 have had in view, in regard to. . tliis , interest, embraces its future as Well, as its pri•-•selit silqii •ty Loa ,). - . ri • • •.- - , I% !!I)errene e has shown that, in getter" al, , W - hen the Principal Towers of *Eiirope are e'' ed in Avar, the riglits of 'neutral nations - sire l e , 4 0 1, a r n e .c7:: f • Ivi ' e l s i co" nsideration. led, in vt6 the formation uf rof our indepezidence; .l the celebrated, Om fetieras • ! ~ cy of armed neutralit, , /. , 3 object . of • Which was, to assert:the that:grit ' ie r : ships 1...•1te free goods. exeept in articles con-. traba d of War : a dOe' trine i‘hich from the . Very •pintneticenient of our . I' ' ' •• hlas hen a cherished id 1 twnal. being,- has this c , untrv. •At one idea of ti t e ir s ti ta n t o es th m er en e o v f - , • , , t ; eat y t y a:tiitpluirlitite i.(pozeer eof il . as . ; liy F . .1 . 111e: solemn Mil ~ 41,iii 1. ocrilt ,_ ,__ e ~ 1 4113 . 1 zed .that principle :. . ,4 1 'on ie t e t e 11 ".. v . i 'ee„ I ,hered.that .it would , fill email v•recei wed it'd res eet , r l-a! " a ride 4-4 4)4 ' 11 ; 6 010 law. . 13ut P :the ' • I • ; • 1, 11 • 1. . . .. • • • 1• • '4 I •,•G . . . • - - . ' • • • S • • . • • • 'k .-. • e • i. l . eti • .1 ••11111" • • ~ • : 1. . , . _ • 1 1 t , refuSal of • one. power prev - fen e , the 11ext great war _whicli - 4mta i Preiteltrevolittipn, it 'failed - t"' i aiming the belligerent :State .NOtwithstanding this, the Prici ally; admitted to be a sound amid so Much so, that, • at . the 'comp the ekisting war in taropci;.%., France announced' their parpfl for timeyresent not, howeYeri a international right, but as ,a Me for the tithe being. Thep ever, of these . tio powerful Mari in the intereSt, of neutral rights, me to4ord..en oceaSion, invitit ing, Ott the part of the Unit4:l • nerved eflOrt to make ihedoetri a prineiple of international . l:Otv, i special con vent ions ,between (it I I, ers Of Eurepeand•Ameriep.. ' preposition, embracing not oily free Alps . Make free goods; e*k.e articles, but also the less Otiatits neutral prOperty,.etlitir thin t it on beard enemy's." ships, shall h' confiscation, has.been Stli!kllll,r4 erlllllCll . l 10 those of. Europe nil .. :13ussta acted promptly m tIO.s eon Vent ion Was concluded;heiW , try mind the United States; ProSil stir vanee. of the principles annin as . ,between . timermielve:s, bOt :{l` • them and all.other mmationl,.Whit inte%, like . stipulations. ' Nofi poWers have as.yet taken Ifina . 1 sahjeet. I stn nit aware,!howe objection•to the'prOpesed stipala made.; - bat,/ on the conerary, kow !edged, to ibe eSsentiaf.3 to !th neutral cdtanierce; and the O. ohstaels: to their • geheral adOpt possibility:, that it may be en inadiniso4e conditions. ) ' The bring of the iWt...Sieilies to .o - r Minister at ,Nalets his • ' J 1 c ondor in our proposition r relati ,m rights, anal; to enter into 4 : cony . . ..!The..lciitig of Prussla en4re the. the project; of a treaty to ilmesa mitted.to lido, but proposes •a 0 tide proYitling for the rerturieiat tceriw. Such au "article,; for treasons, is.much desired hy n 4 nafal. establishments, lar , ie, in their foreign coninterce. - 41: it as an international rule, the coo ofitioli litving . cot-nparatiely: a fore., w taild be very rgildh . at I 'its em/nly;•lin case of wtirwith iitied . naval .. Superiority. Ihel . • of the comsi,ition in . which i the Would beiklaced,.afterhatingsm right ttm' rclort to privateers, in . ;car wlhtt! belligerent of par: I ' :kill - sit( w that thiS governrhent " - fi,te tt to suet a propositiOn. T i fir .t urariOmne. power* -!Eimrt» ten timo••s aslarge as that Of the The. for ~;.;,-, comrocret - ! . °tithe - t% • nearly c•citia!,and about •Cquall hostile d - cf.remlationS., hi war: .power' mil the. United States, A • . on - ou r. Part, •-to-ommr!...4ix*ilt* means . o.f OW' • envois Nto infliCt q Gr . rciwainerce Woulii b....,telifel I ours to ]:retaliate: We •,could Oar colentry freed this unequal i , such ini,„co l ent hitless we at • • - y from' our present peueehil polio, a great..llaval- . lower. NO. Wol try be better :sit utltcdr in ‘rat• w see hoary- i MN' a) . p0V(?1%. , .., Thu disparity would be i'les,) the and more! exposed , condition-. spread conimeree, Would)giVe . liiie sdv - antai4e over us. . The proposition to: enter Intl to forego resort tom privateers, gotintry!'shOuld be forced 'lnto reat naval power,' is . mit entitl • i-orable consideratiOn' then wo t sition, to, agree not to accept t Nolunteers for operations on the 'honor or the rights of our c it to assume a hostile attitude, relies Imp O n. the patriotism_ of i devoted to thmilit• `ordinarily . . to augment the •erni and' the z n False Th....ni,.. fully 'ad m'iquate .0 t ( which calls thoni•inte action. .m) surrender:the right to; entpl IS •p r. iil•ssed ly foundm..A :; upon hat private property of immioffvm libatants,, theugh ,eimetnics; shoul from the . ravieges of war; but' I 'surrender times but little' Way i ti • I • • that princlik, whiCh elually Ilsuch private property should n knmideqed, b, powersy national: ships of, ~t he leadin4 'of Europe . , u liosi l ig, ash ride -- 01rmiternaon: Ii emmmPt private primperty, Upon . tl I seizure by ;public armed eriiise ! by privateers.; the United Stab, ! - meet 'them upon that , brOad gr I i Since Abe' adjonrn men tof Co, I ifieati.ons ot, the treaty betwet I States and . ; Great Britain, rel I ~fisheries. ,and' to reciprocal -t igriiish North ,Ati mericanlprov in I_eXchanged.;! .imid: some : of its mina ta,ges . are already enjoyed by .full execution Was - to abide legislation not yet, fully perform 'as it way .ratified, Great/ Exit. lour coiume_rce-the free. nhvigat fit.; Lawrence, anti: to autk fisher' I led aecessto the shores . iii/(1 ba . • !t.ltey- had been! previOusly ;ex kl I&osts of her. North Alinkriean _ a • i • jrctura-for which, she asked fo Ition, free of duty, into the por ted States, or:the flab • 4alight co:tst 'by British..fishcftnon4 ' cotiip'eiition:.stipulated . in,,tl !,privileges of the hight4st iiirtpki ue !to the United Stat4s,iwhich uniarik ridded: before. lit b', ,the'reque.st teemed to, trio to .1 one;,,;but it could not`. be ace f want:of authority to suspend .. i .-ing 'duties upo i all iiireitriifi. i . s , . time, :the Tr miry Departm elation, 'tor rtaining the m I .laired4iy bon son fish aught ••Of the Dritiih rmiirinces,rtirid . 1 I I,lnarkets l'?sys itiSh subjects, a ( ; .grounds had ten ' 'made folly the citizens .o the 'United sta 1 mend 'to your, fat orable leonsi i f 4ition, which will. he 13 ulTiitt , authority \ to refund the, uties t bondPtlitts rekeli,ed. :,, 'pt.( ada tiod Ne Brunswick hayse, \ the'luil operation: of „thel treat) , arrangements, respeetively i - t i duty, the. products of th6: . Uni .thin an the freello - ot the . arrangetrienti'iskiminito.that r i‘l. 3 irlE WILL OF THE; PEOPLE IS-TIrE LEGITIMATE SOURCE; . this, and in that of the be ' respected 4f 4tirope.- pla is goner- salutary one; crieeinent of t Britain and toobserve it a kw/prud e.r.incestion. capon, how; ithne nations appeared to g and justify tates, a re-. 4 e nvquestion I:6+, means of. ;1 f• seteral , pow-. ,ccprdingly, a the rule, that it Contraband - Lek one, that traband, tho' exempt froM I by this go , i- I Anicrica:. matter, and 'a i enithat conn g - for the iii:ll-. ced, not only :is between h Shalt" enter. of the, other talon on the, i • Fer, that, any iona has been th 4. - are ac gecurity of - apparent. 'Om is in die I ,3 1U ft?uCreu tai expressed readiness to' .e.• ; to . neutral ntion on that approves of le:efr4t c still>; . additional ar -4) of p.riva ioits. t Olhious ftions having to •etl adopted ntn Tee Of 4 small naval lie', riact . r4 of pOwer of de- . t arestatCrnent 1 , lilted States Irrtindered the Idle. event of I `l s'apretnacy,- -r, Ottki never to navy - of the .e is at . least lilted States. - 0 &unifies is •_ . i posed toy. between tit:it itliout Tes-ort the injury upon gryater than not extricate ondition, with departed v, and bepaine, Id this min- th;wie 4. , f the Lii the naval eater extent, of our. wide nylof them 'a engagcnients iva ease this 1 ' war with .a d to more fa ,ld be A prop); e _services of land. When' ,uittry require it Confidently • citizens, not • , kvy, so as to I e emergency The proposal . „privateers the principle, ing non-corn ye exempt - then proposed. clrrying . out requires . that he seized or, war. Should OnOur in pro ht‘:y, to e ocean, from as well -as lz will _readily egress, the rat e, n the' United, tive to coast tide with the [..e.q have been Apated ;Avon- , s, although its rtain acts of ; Pi; , •SQ . soup hi ,Opened , s to :Of the river. iilii ti n rimiest s.,.`"fretri which udgd, on the pro t `vinees; - in tho ,introdue -4 or iihe Uni on ;the same . 'his I heing the he f ‘ reaty, for tan" and ial- ' were thus vol. ' me effective, o a teasonable ded to, from ur laws impos- In the mean t issued a reg. ties Paid or se on !,the masts rought to . our I' the fishink aeceisible to .8, ; 1 reeotn erationaprop- d t 4 you, for ad 'Once,' ' the ‘Jinees of 'Can , I , ibtiefinited a ;i legislative . i it, ire . of . . , : t i .. o ;i nerk . and an . -..,-, g 11 1 4-tisb . , 111ONTRQS,. TIiISI):AiY;.. fish; has been padc for dtitiesnow chargeable on the products of these Provinces enumera ted* the same free list, 'and introduced therefrom into. the United'State ; a proposi .tionfor refunding which: Will, in int: judg : 'ment, be in like manner entitled to four fn iorable consideration: :1. - 1 • - . There is difference of opinion between, the • united Stites .and • great. Britain, 'as to the. boundary - line of the Territory tif Washing; ; ton adjoining : the .Brit ish : possissions . on the Pacific; which has already led to difficulties on the part .of the citizens and loeal authori ties.ef the governments.. I "recommend that provision be• made for a commission, to be joined by. One on the part of her Britannic Majesty, for the,purpose i of running and es-, tablishiug the line in controversy. Certain: . stipulations of the third and fourth articles of . the treatytoncled4: by. the tniteillStates and . ,great Britain in 'ISO,' regarding posses sory rights; t 4 the Hudson's Bay Uoinpnny, mid i propertxid the Puget's • Sound • Agricul tural Coin piny, have gi%en rise to serious dis putes, and it .is important to all concerned,. that SummarY means of settling therni i entice blyhould •tat devised.:. I have reason to:be-, lieve, .that-an ad arrangeinent can be me on . just! terms; fur' the extinguishment of. the 1 rig* in question, embracing, also, the right of the Hudson Bay Company lo the naviga tion' of the .riVer Columbia; - and I therefore. suggest to .yetir,eunsideration, the expedien , ey of making a contingent appropriation for • that .purpose.; . ' - France, was the *early: and efficient I taly of the tinted Stites . in their struggles thr hide-. .. , • pendenee, ' Fruit that• timu..tO the present,. with occasional: slight' interruptions, 'cordial relations of, : friendship have existed between thelgoverniuents and people tit the two coml. trieS. '• The kindly sentiments; cherished alike by both-mittens, have led to extensive social and; commercial intercourse, which,.l . .trust, will; not be interrupted or checked by any casnal • - event °flat .unsatisfactory charlieter, TheYrenckeonsul at San Francisco was, net lung 'since - -brought into the United States I ' [district court at that place, bycoMPulsory .preeesS„ as ,t witness in favor of allot tter;for, 1 eign consul; in violation, as--:the Fremilt govi eminent conceives ; of his priyii&gesi under i our'eunsular conventi4.9 with France. IThere i being nothing; in the transaction which could , imply any disrespect to. France :or its consul ; such explanation has-been made., as 1 hope . ' wilibe satisilictory: Subsequent miStuider. Standing arose on the subject of the k'rencli government having., as it appeared, .alit•uptly I excluded the American minister to! Spain 11: 0 4 1 p4ssing . through France, on his way . front Lt.aiduti to Madrid. But that govern . vew. ha..-; unequivocally .disavowed any de; sign to deny t.liiright.-ofiransit to thetninis... ter of the Limited States; and, after explana Outs to this 4 ,i. fleet, lie.has resumed his jour ney, and :tonally returned through France to Spain? -1 herewith lay 'before Cont reSs the correspondence oh this subject . between our envoy at. Paris, and the. ministor • of foreign relations of the French Government. . ' The poSiti6l of ()lir affairs with Sptin mains as at theclose of'your last sesSion.— . - hiternarttgitation,.assufniug very -Heathy the t!haileter of political revolution, has recently. ecnvulsed-that country. The lute, ministers •wery . ViOlently expelled fr•• 111 pOWer.:ll.ldillem, of very diti:::ent views in relatiotl tufts inter-" nal affait's,baye suCceeded. Since this change, there•has b4n no propitious opportunity - , to resume,. and pressi on, negotiations for the ad justinent :of Serious questions. of difficulty ha tween the . SPitnish government and the ted, States. •Ihere is reason to believe that our•ministYri will find the present:government more favorahly winked than the preleeding .to comply NVitli • our just demands, and, to mal'te suitable arrangements:lof restoring harmnny, and prvervnig peace, between the two countries. • Negotnition - s, are pending With Del - lin : lrk to. diieontinne the practice of levying Inns on our vessels Aud their cargoes passing, through the Sound. Ido not doubt that we cart claim exeniption therefrom, as a matter of right. It is a mitten on all hands, that-this c*action is san tiom...d, not by the • general principles of the Jaw of nations, but only by. Special convet tionS, which must . of the commercial . nation - have, entered. into with Denmark.— .1 - The titth artlele of our treaty of 1526, with Dentitirk, provides, that there shall not be paid,o the Vessels of the United States and their cargoo when passing through the Sound, ItioThetJ duties than those of the moat . favored natt. . uns. This may be regarded as an iniplied agreement M submit .to the tolls dtifing the continuance 'of the treaty, and, eonsopientiv Inti.y embarrass the assertion of our :riga to be released, therefrom: There-are alsO other pro Visions jii.the treaty which ought Ito be MOditied, ih was-q . remain in force fur ten years, and inntil t ► , kcar after either party; should give 'toil e' to the other of intention to terminate •1: eems it- expedient that .the contemplated-notice should be given 'u the govertnneitt. of Pennrrk. - The _expedition, •Idespateheillabinit two years-since Mr the purpose of esti blish; ing rehitioal with the-empire of Japat , has been ably 414 skilfully is ridueted to -sue cesSful tertninatiOin by the oflicvr to whom it waii entrusted. A:treaty, openitivertain of iluiports 6 . l•thnt populous country, has' been neg,utiated and in ;order to give full . 1 effect thereto, it xinly remains to exchange ratifica tions, and adopt •reiiuisite commercial rCoula- I tionS. . : . • .1 °' • . .. .The...treat'y lately concluded :.he teen the frtinited States and Mexico settled some °four nioSt •em barraSsing difficulties withAliat i coun try, but numerous claims upon it for wrongs and injuries to our citizens r,emuined [unad justed, and, many..new cases had been nc>cciit, ly added to the former list of grievances.— Our legati6l has been earnest in its• endeav ors to. obtain, from the Isteximi government, a filVorable.'consideration of these claims, but hitherto, tt-ithout success'. This failure is,,, probably,•. hi some measure, to be ascribed to the distiirfie°il condition of . that country. I: has been my anxious:desire to maintain friend TI ly relations with the Mexiearriepublie, and to &Lusa its rights and territories to be I'o'. spkacil, not only by our citizens, but by for elgtoers, who hive resorted to. the Vnited Stalin for the purpose, of organizing hostile . expeditions ;against some of the States 4f that republic. 'The defetimleis condition, in !which its frontiers have - been :left., has stimulated .lawless adventureri embark in theselOnter prini, and greatly increase the difficity of enforeing Car obligations of.neutrality. • gli •garling it as my solemn duty to fulfil L eIL. ciehtly, tia4.obligationi, not .linly to ards Nixie°, but: other foreign-nations, 1 haVii -ex- Crted all- - the-powerO'volth which tarn invest e.d to defettanch criminal prOwedingi, - shd • kiiii*Ati punishment those who, hy. taking - a patktfierei*:sitt*ed ode limit, -, 'l"he'liergy• ... - . . . . . and actiyityli or. our', eiy . and . . . tlitary.autbort. ties have frastrated thiffaesigi s of those ; whi:, i m - editat,e4-oZpeditibnitf ,this; character, ei. cept in.two ,:instanOg q One ''f . these, • corn- 1 posed of foi:oignerti t - w .at first countenanced and aided',4 the lien goVernment itself, it havintz.))6n deeilii .us toi their - real ob. I it,et.!The Tither, sttud -hi nuthber, eluded the ‘igilanCe:intf:the tutigis wt. 0 San Franeisc4 and sluiet..eded in, g -the Mexican ter9- tories;';-b,nCthe effecti - ' nieaSurcs taken by this goiertibletit ennitialled the abanjonmeitt .of the thad eitaillingik"...- - I , '. - .. ; -'- I - ' i The cethiniis . anitolistablish the, new line .betweeii:fhii .TJnited Stites acid Mexico, ab-- cording to the. proitislitis of the treaty \ of the 30th of, Pebeinberl , • i. has. been organize.], 1 and the i'vork is alr ; , eornmenced. • I i i Our;treaties with t '' - Argentine C.onfede;r• ation,and *ith-thelß l u e Republics ' , i'l.jrugtitly ,and` :. li t Paragil4; - ,,iieeure to u$ the tripe navigation ',f . the river La .Platai, arch' - soml of the larger i tributaries 'i but the *e - -success his not 4,t -tended':oitrloideavbrs to op the Amay hi. i The reasinot in favor of the ree use of that , ricer, 1: Inia .. neenaion ;4i,: pres nt - fullY, in 1 6%7e a, (armee:Me: • itid,'tonsid ring the cordial rel a tions which, iti!ive long e isted betwebri 1 thisgoverninent attd Brazil, i may be expeS- I ed that pending rnivtiiticins . rill, eventuallp-,d reach a fa4rahle - resutt: .-- • ' - - ;1,4, . ; Conyenint means of tram se - eral patts._of a eotnit&y, at sirildtli',:fbr Ahe .objOts liti.om s , : 01706innt u nicatli at, htiLe.ss istnnee - Under (144 . .0A-ern tnt as trelthe 410;111'61i and Pacil i Unitc ltates by the *hole 1 1 tontin , fit, hill: the - inhabitant . _bound together by et i egin and institutielis, and by tnent to the Union. ' Hence increasing ,inteicotirse,'und - Va ceruntereinl proddetions, bp mote dints on: of the &pub! ent tittle, tie mosipracticabl moditt . i4 rt;tutes for .. commut them are. by the.WaY of the tral.Aniterilm. . Ibis the duty ment to secure these avenues ger of:interruption,. : .. ,In relati4 to Central Atn ' riea, perplexing_ qtteitiens existed , between -tl . . United- States!.]i and fi.r . eattritaitint thi:2 thn 'of the cession :I of Cal These, as -widl as q . ueStiOns' which!*ubeqUeutly. arose tioncerning 'inter-1, oceanic communieation acyyls the isthnitts, were,!as it.,.was stipposed, • adjusted . by , thei: treaty'. of April 1.9, 1850; bUt,untlirtuttately,i they have peen rc.4opeited byl serious_ ntisnu.! derstanding as to Ans . import.- Of Some of;its]; - proviiionst;a:re adjustment 4f which is utidert consideratlen. • Our ministe r at Lyndon has:i madettrenuous efforts to a NOmplish this de -1, sirable objct, but has not y ,t found it 1;1°5-.1 sible to bring the megotiatio s 'to, a termina-1 tion.:"..' i!. . - ~, ., -. ' : ' • 1 . .. . .! :, • " is:lncide:ttal t.l these gins tiorts, I deera tt;!, propor •ta;notice au Clecurre 'i a which happen-1 ~ . . _ .. • ~. , id i11,, - pt:littal,AntOica, near the close ofithei last sessioti of Congres. . S ' soon as thetc.4 cessiti - was perceived of . .tablishing inter-!1 oceanic coinmunieations aer is the : Isthtins,9 aconipany : - rrits - orgiuttied, n' der the authoityl 'of the; State Of 'Nicaragua, b ' t comptisol,lfort the rinist : part. .Of m iti=eu .of the .I:lnitrd` l .Mater, forMte purpose of op 1 ing such a traw =l st. wily, 1)1 the river San J - t an and Lake .Niejj, aragna, wine - It - soon beeam ' an eligible and . ntuelt used;route , in the trattiportationoCcitni citizens and their , property- et w eeli the t..,1 latnigand Pacific. Meanwl'ile, and in an!ticW pation Of,the completion a d iropOrtan4i . of .. , this transit; wav, a number o advciitnrersiltacl • . taken posOssion of the. old Spituisit' port at;l' ' the Moutli'it the river San tiati, in. open!di 'fiancti.of the State or States it' Cetttrat,Ainer.l , l ica, Witich a i,upon their becon ing indegettd'enti , had tig..htf-011y sika:ceded tai the lociars4Verif eiguty andjuriSdietion of Spain.' Tketa.fc;l; turers undertook ;to chatigel the name of; ho ;i i.lace:;(r(ani-Sui Juan 'del Norte to Gr±,tytd . wit, i and, though at first pretendilg to act asithe subjectS ofthe . fi ctitious sore eign of the . .,.oltis:! 1 . quitO! Indians, -.l.hq. subsequently repudiated . _ the ciuntrol of any, pOWer whatever, assuined to adnpt :i n distinct . politieal arganization,Eand declared -: themSel.Ves an independent stiveri eigniSiate..- If nt ioine time, a faint hop6Rtsi etitertained tha t the y . might become a :5t11)14 . . and iespectable community, that 'hope Soon vaniAted. They proceciled. to assert tnitlntuf , 1 eyed 'paint* t44-civil . juristlit Clop .over..Ptint:•o Arenas, a'position on. the of posite side of the -riverfi Sint •fuatt,•.witieh was i 4 possessioni uM s, der a title:wholly ; independent of tli..ln; 4 . eitizs ()Nile United States interested in the NicaraguaiTransit CompanY , - and . . whieW waS . ind4ensably necessary to Vte prosperons 00v, erattOr. Ofltluit route:across tle Istlmitm, :The] company kesisted their _grOundiess . claims !; 1 wbereup4-they . proceeded to destroy some I oriObuililings,l and attetn%ed tiOlentlY ,tip=. diSpossesot. .i .. . i t 'Ai a lath perhid 'they _ :of fo,''ee'for the pitrpOse of del tabliShment of Punta Arena chici!ous d'esign was defeatei sition of one of ottriships.of LOW: hartior. of San Juan. this, in May la.4t, it body of toivitt crusSed, over; tit Punta ! ting'.nuthOrity to arreSt; • on t der, it mpiititt of One of the TtlariSit gOrnpany..ll3eing this claim. to exercise jurisdi la.i resisted then, its it had oceaSions„ithey went to ass( arms. o.or - minister to hap4c ed toq be present od, that . . occaskin.4. Beligv ng Abut the: Captain [of the steamboat was in iochnt, for he, witnessed the trans*ion on wh eh the charge was founded, and .bliev.. in" t it , that the intruding party; luiving no juFisili tion over thelplace where they prbpoa ed tb Mae the 'arrest, would c-nedunter,:dc per[ to resfstanee if they . Persisted in iliqr. ptirpb. ' 'he interpoSed etreetually,•to prvent blbOil - i.4li- l'he Anierican Min ister afterWardti viSit , Gieytown,• and.whil4 he was , there, ii . 'nut, mehiding certain of the so•called public; functionaries, of the place snrrounded,, the hOue in Which he was, avo ing that they hajf come to a!rest him by.ord 'r o,tsiume- p4rsoii itexertisinOhe chief. ant ho ty; . While.. par'r !eying 'with thein he wont tied by _a Missile' fromthe jerowd. ',, klicalt [despatched . Pt* the Anieriean steamer 44 . N .rthorn Light," "lid release WM from; ~he Per 'lons . situation i n ; whioi he *as understood t he, was fired h --' to 4 the Abwn.gdard, arid !Compelled to r tuna; . - These indents, ~;;ether • with the br knoWil character o the ulation . greet, 1 . town, analheir exited sta e . , hid need jUat ali prehensiofis that the lives 1 d property [[four • citiie, iisat Punta, Arenas, w ld be in itiminent. danger: after the ..-departu of -the steamei', with her. tiiiiitienOlia, ' tor" Nit* York, unlihia La guatd_wati:. left - tor their Or4teition: - - FOr tir prpose, - Ord in . 60eir to - e*.guie the tafaty of ..,, • .. 0, . i' -. I • . ... 1 '; . 'NESS OF TIE PEOPLE TIII; TIICJE END OF GOVERNMENT.' DECEMBER 14, 1854. posengers- and property 4assing over the rOnte,'a temporary Three' Was organized, at considerable expense "to the United States, tbr which provision was mark; 0. , the list session of Congress, • • • • • - • This pretended community, it heterogenous assemblage gathered from , various countries, composed.. fur the most pail;- l of blacks and'persons cif mixed !lad previously . g.sen other indications k.)f tind dangerods-properrities. • Early in The same month, property. was elaudeStiriely abstracted. frUm the depot of the Traci Sit Company, :and taken to Greytown. The Plundereni obtain; . led shelter there, and theirlairsuers:3vere driv en Itel{ by its people, who !not only protect-. • ed the. wrongdoers and , stared the plunder,. but treated' with rudeness and violence those Whiilsought M recover, their property. . . Such, in stjbstance, arc the facts submitted i l' to my consideration, and prOved by trustwor i thy eVidence,` . . I could . not doubt that the ease ,demanded th 4 interpoAtion Of this govcimnent. Justice requied that repration should be Made .for so many and - such' ,, ross wrongs, and . that a course of insolence and plunder,- : tend- 1 ing directly to the insecurity of the lives (4' 4 1 numerous travellers, and of the rich treasure' belonging. to our citizens,Thassing over this Aran Sit way, should be perCilitt ; rily A itested.': 'Whatever itimight be, in 4ther respects,`: the' community iin question,. n , 1 tpower , to do mis chief, was not. despicable.. It was -well pro .i-i6d with ordnance, sioal t ,arm , :„ :aida man niiion, and Might easily seize or. the un med boats, freighted-with Milllows of p , .perty, which passed"almost daily i:witltin its-reach.- It did not profess. to belong; to any re*tilar. government, and had, -in, fact, no reCognised dependenee On. or coipitiet ion -,with;:any-pne to -.which the I United - State 6 or their injured citizens mig it apply, for redress, Or which Could he held rcspolisi,bl,eln any way,.fiir the outrages, cononitted: 1 , Not standing_ befOre a • . the World inithe attitudelOl an organized po.; laical society, being neittiVr competent to eg... . 1 creise the r i ghts nor to:dis'cliarne the oblira Lions of - it _ • • - liras, in . a giivernment, it liras,.in filet, - a . , : ma ! muding es - tablishment;loo dangerousto be di's -regarded, and too guilty ti 'l pass . unpunished,- and yet. incapable of bein p .ii treated . in any oth er way than 'as a piratiral 're,:•ort ot:' outlaws, ora enMP ofluivages. dcrirtidating en emigretit rains br ear4vansiin'd the} ro t olec, utt i t .,,„.„ Ls Of civilized- States. .it, between tli'gl not only 4‘-, . ncreial and ppr ntial. to ,ifi ex= en.t. - - SeparatO ~ l i e • mums •of the I '1 1 weadth of . the i ults of- , each :ire ,1 nreality of O' r- i 4stiLong att4ll-. 1 ple constant -aild •. .i.stinterchange;of ween these i.e. • c. - At the pr6s. 1 and only, mini- 1 ?cation betw4ezi still - nes of- CCn.. ofthe• -.'' gowyn= a::‘aiest all dim- • Seasonable, notice AvaS given to th people .of Grey town,' that 'this i ti".4oVe rn men t required, them to repair the they had done for pur:citizens,land tp' make suitable apology tor their. insult) tf our minister. and that 'a 'ship of-war would be despatched thither to enforce 'compliance thesedernands. But.the no tice passed unheeded. Thereupdn. a eopratan :de of the n4vy, in. charge of the sloop'ofv - vlar evane," was ordered to repeat the demands and to insist upon a coinplianee therewith.— ..Finding that neither the populace. nor those assumingtbihave over th e nt, tn a n i.• , felted any disposition tx.t . inake the rcqnired reparation,: or even to otr4r excuse. for their conduct, he :•vitrited them, ;by t pilblic procla= :mation, 1114 if they did nit give satisfaction within .a tine. ape-6110,40_ would. Inn/that - A • :the town. -1 4 By this procedure'lle . :atturded them !)ppOr . At:pity to prOvide for their personaj safety:— To those alk).who , desired to. avoid loss of property, it the punish:ll'oa abOut to 'be in= flietej on the vire:ldling town, he - forni . slied the nican, of reMoving their eifects the boats of his own !lip,' and ofa istearner which he; procured anti tendered to }heir) for that pur'- pose: ' At, fltgth, peret - m‘ling dispOsition . on partf ; of the town tlo comply i with his breq: isiti4):ll he ~pealed to the. cot:inlander. of her Brit:4l:4c 2llaji;sty's!schoonir " Berson- - da," who.wAs seen tv. hash intercourse; and aviarentiv Initch inthienc., with. the 'leaders, . .• an: mg t terpi persuade then! to tal4) some courselealculated 'to save the necessity •Of resorting to the extreme . measure indicated in, hip i)riielamation: but. -that ''!.llicer.ins . fead aceediiig, to the request/ I did nothinilmOre than to protest ivgainst. the contemplutO hotlrdnient. No steps of l'any.sort y4e taken,) • the -people, to give j the satisfaciion. required, No indiviiluzds,• ifl. I. any there were,who regarded. themselves as • not reSpOitsiblel4: thehtistamduct of the corn adlpted any means to separate theth. , selves fromi the I:ite of the guilty; . I ' l• 1 ' The several enarges, on which the demands f.r redresS ~,vere fOunded, had been. publicly known to all for. some tinie, and were again . • announced to them. They did not deny any, Of these charges; they offered n4c'eXplanation , nothing in extenuation - of (heir eondnet ; init! emu/m:16)64y refused to iiiild ;an y' intercourse, with the coMmander of the "wane."' By their olistinate lilenee they seemed rather; I I.desirous tofprovoke chastisement than to es-!, cape it., There is ample 'reason to believe'' i on .their'. this conduct of wanton defiance, otheir part, is imputable chiefly -to the delusive idea that, the Atnericaia governinent. Would. be-de- I tarred front kuuishing. :041 , , through fear of"r displeasing la forinidailetlireig,o power, which !- Alley . presutned 'to thief.;-leaked with compla- 1 ceney upon their - aggressiV,e . and insulting de.l . portment tewards the : United States.' The, , 1 " Cyane atlength tired "u Pon the town. Ae; 1 -fore Much injurv.ttad rbeen , done, 'the fire was I twice suspeuded,in Order Ito- atli)rd OPporitt-.1 pity fo'r an larrangenient- but this was declin ed. - Most lef the building of the' . place, -of little valuelgenerally, were in the sequel, de- I L-stroyed ; - but, owing to the considerate ' pre. I Icautions taken by our Naval' :: t - Annmaialer, *t.bere was no destruction Of liti3.. 1,- When the "Cyane" . was .ordered to Cen- 'tral Atherica; it was. confidently' hoped and -expected that.. no oe. nsion,'Nould arise for " a : , resort to violence and destruction of Proper- - tv end loss of 1it..." : Instuctions to that of - i- ' ti: t' were given to her certnaander: - - And no extreme act would 'have peen requisites had /'mit the people themselvesil by their. extrithr •dinarr' conduct in the allat i r, frustrated all the possible mild Measures for Obtaining satisfae. • tion. - - kwithdraWal from the plaCe; the oh ject of his visit entirely d A'eated, would,: un der the eireumAanees in %;bichthe-comman, der of the " Cyane" found himself, linve lreen: absolute abandonment ()fall claim ofour eiti-• kens Ter indeinnitication,.and.- - t-übmissive ac •qUieseeiace in ‘ natiOnal indignityi It woul,4' have encouraged in theselt4v less mien a spirifof insolenceond rapine most.. dangetxma z to the fives and . propertyof ou citizettS at .Pnete Arenas, and prpbably l enholdetoireta th to grasp at the treasures end. vatuaVe merchan dise continually 01.4shig iiy,tipiti Nicaragua - route:. It :certainly -Wouhr have": been most.. ' Satisfactory to mellthe / ete Of the:"Cy. : . ane's mission could been cons.littiniat6d Without any actor - Public orec i but the 4fio: . pant centinnitey' of the iiir nders' rendered' it impossible to avoid, the: aternatice, either 'l4 • brrak up:Their establithm 4 ent Or to leavethein : . . . , - /- . ap ized •.a strong 1 / 4 101v:bug kyle e,- _, but this .:flus , 1 by the intk.rpo-. War, at that iime . Subsequently tO men from Orey- Arena% arCog4- , e charge of Mu O.: teamboats oi• tir e ; well aware ',that. ' tion there would een on preliqouS rt it' by •foree qt . peutrat Ainrico' impressed *it the idea that they Might per: • severe with f i nunity* ; in,,a career of insolence:. and plunder. • ' This. trania tion has -teen ',the tuhjrt Of, complaint on he part, of ,so,rne s 'fi ireign •pow . erS,-and has been . eharacterized kith more of harshness that of justice:. .If comptirisima *ere to be instituted; it would Mit:be. diffi cult to present repeated ill:stances iti the • his tory Of States standing in tlic fa : int of Modern civilization, *here cornMunities far less o&nding and more defenceless than:cirey ts,wn, have been chas . tised with much'greater severity, and ;where,riot cities only have been recklesSly sacrificed, and the blood &the: . in . noeent made profusely to mingle with that • of the.guilty. • • . • •__ Passing from foreign to domestic • your. attention . in naturally dirceted• to - the.' bf the country-, alwayS st;ilest of. general interest.. Fur eoniplete and c*uet information regarding the finances,, .atuLthe ,various- branches of the ..nblic vied connected therewith,, I refer7Ou to the. reportof the 'Secretary of th( - 4 1 reasitry ;frotnl . NOI9I it will appear,: that ,the amount-of rev; , eime: during the last fiscal year, from all KOUr-?. ;ces, was seventy-three million fiVeLhuridred and forty: nine thourin.d .SeVen Hundred and. •fi - ve dollars; aild that the publie expenditures for the same' period,' excluSive) of Payment 4 on .account of the public debt,:amoutited to- Ditty-one million eighteen thousand two: hunt ilk 4 Arty-nine „ dollars, . During . the .same . period, the .payments in:lde in redediption.r thepublic.deht, including interest.aud prenn um, amounted to twenty-four million ,three. hundred . and eighty ' dollars. To the _sum tei. tat of the receipts of that Year is . tollie added', a balance remaining in the TreasUry at the_ commencement thereof, amounting to twenty , one million nine hundred and forty-two thous and eight-himdt•ed . and ninety-two. - dollars!; and at the !close of the same year, al eorre:+.. ponding-balanee amounting to tWenty-milliuit . one _hundred and thirty-seyen thousand . nitiU hundred ad sixty-sevetr dollars of receipt'' above expe iditfires,also rein:dm - Ai n thc; treag ! ury, Alth lugh, in the opinion of the Secre tary of the reasury, the ri..eei ptsof I,he current ' fiscal year • re nut likely to .equal in amount e. a those the last, yet they uddieubtedly' , k exceed the amOunt of expenditures by at leatit fifteen o.ill;"' c , t, ' a./ 1.01• •: 1 ~ball, 't, he refore, continue to \dire!ethat -the surplu.4 , resell . * be applied, ..so fitr as it canoe judicionsly and economically done, to - the- reduction of •the public debt, the . lunount of Which, at lite cot*: meneement of the last fiscal year,was .sixty seven Million-three liund red and forty tho - 0- and six hundred and twent y :eight. dtillars,;. of. Which there hadbeen paid on - theltwentieth. day of NoveMber 1854, the sum of twenty two inillion -three huridred and sixty-five.t hoU-4 . , andkme hund4ed and, sixty-five thousand.oue . hundred and seventy-two dollars • l.a in,,li bal.:mei: of outstanding public- debt _of only l'orty,fOur million nine hundred ail,'seVetity.-- :five thousand fourltundred and fifty-six diil , lars•. redeemable at different perioas within 'fourteen years. . I There are also' remnants of other government stocks, most of ,Nl'' Well- are lith•eadydue, and -on which .- the interest has Ceased, . Luf,,whie4-I,la i-9t --yet been --I bresen, ted for. payment, amounting 'to two hundred and thirty-three thoukand one hundred and seVentY-nine dollars. • fliis statetnentrexhib its the tact, that the annual income of the gOv= eminent great! v exceeds the amount Of it.spnb• lie debt which latter remains unpaid, Only be cause the time.ofpar Meta hasnot vet Matured, and it cannot be di;char• - red at once, e:xee.ptnt the option- of public , creSttors, ' who prefer- to retain the .securities of the Unift'•d Stateii. and the other fact not less striking, that.the annual revenue fri;nt all sources exceeds, .1;1.° ' Ina 0 y millions Of dollars , , the amount needed for' a prudent and economical administration'of the •, •Tovernment. - .• - ' : i . . , r., _,_ The estimates -presented toCorigres's from the diili.Tent - Executive Departments',..tt the, last session, aulotinted to thirty-eight milliOns timr.hundred and six thousand live htindred and eighty-one dollars ; and the apprOpriatiOns mat to the sum of fifty-t;ight One h-un ) ed and Sixteen thousand nine hOndred and lifty-eight Of this excess; of 0- propriations.over estimates,- liovever,.more than twenty. millionf was applicable to extra ordinary objects, having no reference to the usual animal expenditures. Among these Ob. jests was embraced ten millions to meet the third article of the: treaty _between theiTnited- States . and Mexieo ; so that, in'facit, for ,Ob- . jests of,ordinary evenditu the appropria tions wei;e !Milted' to eon:, :less; than forty millions of dollars. ' I - 1 - ...efore • renew my recommendatiMi for are (!tion 'of the Antics on imports'.. The report of the Seere tary of the Treasury ,presents series of, ta bles, showing .the operation of the revenue• aysteiii- for seVeralsueeessive years. and as the neral principle Of reduction of "ditties with' a view to- revenue(and not protection triity . no*L be regarded as the settled F;01;cy ot i Oe. eountry, 'trust that little difficulty . will The • encountered in settling the-details of a ineaS• • ure to that effect. , • - In , connection With this :subject; I recOnt mend a change in the lows, which recent ex perience-has shown to be eSsentialtO the pro tection of the government. There is no eX, press provision of law, requiring, the rue( irds. and papers of a.public character,.Of the seve:- 'rLd officers of the government, tii„he left !in their .oflices for the use of their sireees•sor:s, nor any provision:declaring it felon's-, on their Part to make false , entries in the looks, or return false aceofints:,, In the absence of such express provision by: law,the :Outgoing pitl'i;• ecrs, in-- many instances, have claimed and ex 7 ereised the right to take in their,:oWn'posSes • sl , • •on, important •• books and, papers, on the ground that thesc# were their private proper ty • and have placed them beyond the 'reach i • of the govenment. . conciet'oft - this charge-: : 'ter, broughi in several instances to the notice ''of the: prese t Secretary, of the. Treasury pat- , -.orally awakened,lihs suepielon, 'and regailted'i in the disclosure - 11/at at four ports:,. namely,. (./sWego, Toledo,.SandultY, and 11Iilwatikie;: the treaStn: had, by ftlse -, entries!, beet : de - - ' frauded7Within the four. years next preceding Narchf,?l,ss',3, of the-sum of one. hundred and, nwty-eight thousand dollars.' rho great dd . -. ~ficulty with,Which the deteetion of these'frands 11a4• been Otended, in consequent pr the - ab: , straetion (if hooftS and papers bythe -retiringl' 'officers, and the :fheility 'with. which .similar frauds -hi the public' settie.l3 - iiiay:lic perpetra-, ted;-iender the necessity.' Of new - letral . enact - 7 . ii, lents,' in • V respects above‘reterrett tomiiite., hbvhatii.", - or other nuiterittl . - modifications. of tha -- reviintie htui: ulna :'seem to 'Me' dis 4 7. kithle;'l:refer Viii(tOtlfe report Of - i,the_SeC're4' ' tafv'of the Vreitstiry: : That repor t ; lito',i - th . e. L k bles•wliiell' ,acContpany it, furn . i4t f aninlii . : priSokof thV *A(4 Totindatfori on - !Aoldi;tilii financiatietA)rity of the cOlintryji*,' and - Of `ie Fihit.Firy' inflatitiee of the/ indet,eliaciif VtrIIOLE NUAIB.ER,L - treasury system upon conitnereetiall • r r , etany..operationsi.... • - ' .•-• - • - •' I . ';The. experience of . the•last - year - 1 fii ..isheii • additional reasiins I regretio say, •-- - pain-, fel character; for the recommendation reto- fore made, to proVide...fbi increasing th .tiiii;', l • itary. force employed in the territory- i babi.;;, ted by :the Italians. The settlers on 'th ' Alan- :- tier have suffered • much from.the itieurslons - ! of predlit : ory bands r .and large parti"e dr erni : : - grant. 4 to our Pacific IjOssessions;;lnive. beep' massacred' with . impunity._ The fecuitenei; •• of stichl . scenes can only 'be 'pretteiii,ed ht. teaching these Wild - tribe'S'the power 4f, iindi ' t their respon'Sibility to, :the, ;United St - qtiik, - .i. - sif j, From the- garrisous - of-'"Otir frentiet .pfis'te; it lis only •;poible to detach irdo ps . in smay bod-; ; ; 1 ies ; and'thongh these have on: .all, l occisions' ; -. -- I displaYed 'a gallantry - and'ii - stern devcitiaistcil duty.• which on it . larger fi eld 'wleisid•haYei ; commanded universal -admiraticin,theY 'ilia: 1. usually suffered seYeiely in tires - _chit lists' with . siiperior iiitmberS and have aotrietiOieti : ' i 'been entirely sacrificed. T - All the -.-disiosabley. ) force. of -- the army is already ein} lot ed - -,-* I •t us service ,. and is-kmiwn. to be when -. - intuP .1 - • equate' . to the protection which should - - 4..aifor4 ded.• IThe ' public - inirid of . .ilte.cciO • ._ has' • j her i li . r eentiy- shocked by- - , stivhge ta! oeitiiii emnin tted - upon ,defenceless". eroi,tra its and. 1- horde;settlements, : and hardly' liiss by they ..l : iinnee -- .s.iry :destruction '- of . valual, -- ,liYeit„, 1 where inadequate detachments of tiii3O s have- Al - undertaken to furnish the needed aid. .With,: , 1 out increase:of the force, tli . seem ; I will be repeated; it 'is to be " feared, - a Itir... - I ger scale, .and • I,iith more -disaitrOu - ilxiiiie:. - . . . j queuces.!. -Cong ress, l'am sure, .Will - 1 . 1 . - • thgt.- the, plainest 'duties and :resign , l'are involved. in this question; and:F I JI . •,, . 1-• that -Proinpt action, may :. be confidentl; ipated When delay" must be . attended 1 fearffli hazards.; _,-. • . '• : - , i - '.• . • -. The bill .of the last 'session;- proyi int , fat an in c rea s e of the pay:of. the rank * :file of the army has had beneficial rerlts; on. only: l• in facilitating eillis.tmenis l - b - ut in Obv oils flit.' provein4rit in the 'class - .Of men whO, e ter the, service: I regret that ciorespondin7 consid: ( eration was non bestowed on •the oflicers,who• in view of thOr chaiacter-and , sery,i?es, mid . the expenses to which'. they are. nocessari'y. subject, i r - eceive - at present. whht is, in .my; judgment; inadequate compensation. ._ • : ••.!. • - .Tl,e;'. ;.7 1 riluable. services- constantly I rendered - by the army, and its inestithable hopprtance f , as the tincleng •around; Which the • iVolutiteer . forces of the nationcan , promptly.l ather hr . - - the 11011 i Of danger, sufficiently at est the witsdoin Of mairitaitiing_a - military jp - iiee• es: - fahlislinrent:; but the - theory of - our system ; and the ; wise practice' under it, reqiiire . that - - :any proposed ingm'entation, in ;time i of Peace be Only ;commensurate ,with our'' extended -- j limits- and' Eolitier relations. Whil I scrupu- •lously t dhering'to - this ~principle; find; fir - 1 _existing circumstances, a ; necessity -(Or in,. , crease o,'our militaryfoiee, and it is.lbc)iefed . ' I s that flu; new reg,imehts, two of infa try - atid lv,-6 Of.rtiountui men, - will be . sii cierit,4o . i meet' the pres - ent . exigeney: -If it ;; re'nee.;= . , . .. _,. , essary . citrefully to• weigh the ost., iho case Of. suchl 'emergency, it. would' ,be shown' _that • the expense would i beeomparatiyis: ly liii J; ht.) ,•' . , - :-- ' • ; ',. ' 1 r 5, ; j. .-.:. .- 1. . ' With I the, increase cif the Mimerieal• forc e of . 1 the .artny,, shodlii, I •think, , be• co' m, ;bed .cer, - - ta n measures of reform in' its • ii - rcianie 'ar , : - rangernent.and administration. , ribpresent organization is:the result:, cit•pal . rOa l ) legisla s , 1 1 .tii,n ofieii di'rected-td special objd' n ets 'and iii-_ terest's - ; jiiiiid - the laws regulating hank - and ",, command. haying.. been adopted Many .year , l ; . ago frOni 4he Britishoode , areOot. allways Op- • . ; plieablej - o our service. lro ', It is not 1 s 4 rprising, therefor , that the Systk slimild h i eldeficient in the 'gvlii - imetry . and. s implicity e34erktial-tsi -! ithe'llarthnions,,Working of its: seYi4iii : . parts; - al d rerillre. - i - i. careful revision. `-....-, 1 . '.• - • •-.. The pr , :ssent organization, by 'Maintaining - lame, staff corps Or:slepartnaentiii separates -• a' ' - ~many o leers from that plose: connection -with troops, and; ; •those active:ditties . in l i the field, , Which arc deemed i dee requisite toi . ,.illialify, tlieni fur. the Yaried responsibilities - 4. 011. high corn-. .;nand. - . Were the duties of thelatmy staff - _ mainly' disehargeil by debit : citedfrom: - . their regiinelits, it is believed thatit e - spechtf service' would be equally well Oki:nutod, and . : the discipline. and instruction of .the artily be -; improved ' While dile, regard to l the Seeuri;:• • - 'ty of the ' rights - of. officers 'end tP - the-nice sense - of' . honor . ' which: should 'be I ebitivateir -among them, would seem t:4lexttet Fr mphance - with : the established rule..of prompt on' tin or- - dinary &ties, still it . eanbardlY . 'doubted 1 1 that: •• the... : range of promotion - by .. .fselerAtin; , which .is now ; practleally 'confined to he grade of generall o ffi cers, - m:ight' he soMeivi 4.f. eite4-.: c. ded with benetit'm the piibilei service. 1 :oh.,;' servance iif the rttle f .e.nioritjr . -'' b '' IlleilicleS , :lead ,4 , * espepialty in time of Peaeo,?.t6- the pro. i motion of4hflieers who - , - after Merito ions land . I* even distinguished . Service, ttii.,ll,.vO ''.been rendere by age 'or', lYnfirsillty, inc., pable , of" . performing active doty,' and whos 1 advanee-. - meat, 4114:1 4 efore,- would . tenh 4.6 lithpair. the.; effteiiiey t the army. . *liitab . let' Provision.: , for this el;kse of offi4ers,.by - the ek , alioit 'of .; .. 'r`retired list; would:'ternedy the ev I, rw:lthoiit* woUndinn , he just, pride of men .'w4, by past' I . I. serviees,l:ve established a elaim toihigheon..l , : I *sideratiOn. ) In- argain , commitidini this rheas-1 - .t I lira to the -iiti - orable • ponsidratlon of Con -d .? . I gross, I, wa i tild suggftt that the . power 0f;01a . .... : eing Officer? on the retired-list. lxi liraited:',VO - • - one year. 1 The • praeti&d.,...Operationclf - :the- . \ measure *paid thui be:- tested, * hull if, niter• t the lapse . (-I';:yors, there should'hsoi.easien to/ . .., renew the revision,! it - can.. be'lreprodu'eed --'7 with-'tiny improvements whie'n lexperiOice„ 7 , , may,. .Indic ie... 'rlt.:-. ,present, . erganizatldn ~ fif ~ , i - .) the artill6iy• into regiments - is . litiblo r ? ; t6 ,iivi..-. ous itil;jectlions.:- The service'_ of - r ( tipery ih' thattif.hatteries, and an orgtpiiza titlri / of ..14, ,uali _ 1.4 1 1 - nAi teries into -a corps ofartillerst.,trahl more consistclit vith the paturetit;PiPl , luties. A largo_ part lot' the trO6ps ; now'call d artillery I t 1 i • are, an , cl,lhave been, -- en dittY asittfantry; the. distinetio between the,tWotirrnsib4ing mere ly notuina . This nominal .artiliery ,in.oar.. service 14 entirekre'di.sproportiona,le .tct ttiO whole •ibrcie;' and greater than the watitg_ol. the eoun 1 dealand; I therefor:ly: 'Commend 1 the disco ilnntineu. of a distinetie „. 'whi c h has no foundation in either We 0,9i1s uked or the character of the service.;' expecte to .be perz i.,, furrned./ ''': / • . t 'l . • : ~ f• In ‘ eann Won with the .propotia army, I" Avo"present44 these s wjth F . 4 , , i1 _to certain ineasures - .4f1 ,the ,clatnpl rneld.:,of a syste.at ; :eXl prednec tlie happiest re.Aults" frot a 1 penditnie r andi which I hope may: a r. early attention, -and he deente4 .. Nioi approval, joreong,ros.'•l . - ' Vie reeommendatien - of ;the„ the Navy," having reference .. ) --provitiono for the-d I.o.l . plitie kltifr gi , .. - - 1 l.s'is - 4 1ilitCP40' ' move sibilies pubtnot' v antic; 'by such ) 11 ' r0r . .1 1 / 6 ggestionn vibrip,, an :woutd ei i,tri4it :the :6(tlii; rettiiier . diTlb
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