ft outre 1 . F. BOHWEIER, THE CONSTITUTION THE UNION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF TH E LAWS. Eklitor and Proprietor. VOL. XL VII. MIFFLINTOWN, JUMATA COUNTY. i'KNNA.. WEDNESDAY. APRIL 5. IS93 NO 1G. MOURNING BESIDE THE SEA. KELFN EVKKTSON SMITH. Ah W(rf tK n". inv 1 ovi'! my Love! s liv tenijile til icni tli tickle e iT 1 itart rot lens" a'nuli t. R'mve. Hi e winds lir:ii; i ily ilienl ti ma. Tr.p -tvi mills scream In wilil acr.rd s ii it tlei ce w iini howling wVr th waves. I'll, i.' r IMlillir e:l, thv Vieee, alllliM-reil. J inii-ic Ii.li Irian Imunilless graves. 1 tie lUMiiine't f'nra, 0:1 foaming ere., rni ttMs Hit fearsome nuulit Ilio iiiuiO Tl.e r i'ltui tlmmler nils my heart s n u l-i ror wil.i, an. I an;iiiili mr. For w.w Is in, my I.ov. my ti, 1 mi u-ver iii return to me1 ,.l UlN keep I here, itlime, M.iunili k bcsule tue heartless sea. MECCA AND MEDINA. f 1'KOKfcSSJK JAMK9 KOBERrsON, I. I. Tlie devout Muslim, in whatever art of the world lie msy dwell, is ;.irefnl, t tbe commencement of his i raver, to ascertain tlie true KiltUih r directum io which to tarn. Only a one spot may worshipers lie Been facing simultaneously to tbe north, -outli, east au 1 west, unit that is in the iuuciie t Mecca, arotitul the sacred baalm, towards which a certain mark n every other mosque throughout the world directs the face of the Muslim norshlpper. There is a pa-sate of the kurau otten quoted: "to (Sod belong .th the east ami t'ie west, tl.erefore, uliiihertio. ver ye turn yourselves to urav, there is th" f ten of Uod; for 4 toil s ommpn teut. omniscient." But it is well kuown thiit, in I he esrly days of his uissinu at .Medin:t, Mohamni i l appoint ! I Jerus dein as the place towards which a,eu outi.hr. to pray, ami that the wor shippers tinned their backs upon Mecca. It was only after all hope was tlmu toned of conciliating the Jews ;tiat .MOi'i'a was definitively fixed noon; ,n.l tlie "linii'ii of this as the most -mred place of ImI nni throws not a little ight npou the genius of the religion in! tlie history of iis dilTti-ioti. Mecca ludi-el, the native place of Mo ll .111 me. I ; lnit it was by the people of Medina t nit he win first acknowledged is a prophet, aud it, was there he died tn. I whs buried. Vet Medina is only r. t kiineii the second sanctuary in Islam, 'o winch the .Muslim may rr may tint ujitke a piltf' 'iuinpi', us lie rhooscs, bereus very believer is required uce at least in his life-time to niuKo be filKrimaRe to Merc. Mecca w is a sacred site long before Mi.hamiu"d's day. Iyiueon the great rude I onto from .Southern Arabia nd Jndm, il was a haitiutf place for .he earav mi. Having; in its well . uizt in 11 u iiieitmnstiblo mipply of water, iu a district proverbially Iry, it becario not only a hslling place but the seat of a bur. Moreover, from the earliest times of which we tiave record or tradition, it liiid the Iwo sacred objects, the lieitulhili or tiout-e of (t.wl, anil the bbiek s one, hicb probstl.ly l ad fallen from beuv :n. WLether with a view to give pro tection to trade, or from religions im pulses, the place was cmde a report at which peaceful commerce was carried ju tinder the ui' Bt sai red siiiict ons, iiid h the time t.at Mi. hammed ap peared it hud already a bm history, Ihe Kaalet was the ncl; m.w led -ed pan tbenu of Arabia, cont ii n : 11 images of three hundred and sixty oilTereut tribal gods, au l the eereinofiv of the pilgrim ue was a standing enstom iu the relig ions life. It was not till after a lot and pain ful struriflo that A.eca iiei-i pted tie new religion. Holy cit es are proverbi ally teiiaeiiiiis of their religious cus toms, and probably the trailer of iMeeci had also fears (bit tlie new re ligion wonld dimmish tie ir wealth. It was amoug pilgrims fr in Mediun that the prop iet found his most receptive hearers, and the Mijrah, which marks the new era, was the lemoval ot the prophet and his few faithful adherents Irom his inhospitable birthplace to the ;ity which had been the iirst to own him to be tho npo-llo of (iod. Jn Miirae of time he returned to Mecca as i ouqie ror, and clashod to pieces the idols ot Kaalm, sayinr. "The Trntli is oome, let Error disappear." Yet even then, when Islam was established as the victorious religion, the most difli ,'iilt iart of his ta-di remiined to lie . com pi shed. His aim was to unite ill the tribes of Arabia in one faith; ud it was necessary that his religion -ihould have something to appeal to Ihcui iu the way that the Ksiiba had .lone. His knowledge of human nv (nre and of his countrymen is shown In the course he followed. The Kaalia was adopted as the centre of religions worship, and the ceremonies connected with the old pagan religion were idnpted to the new faith and retained. I he hosrv tra litioiis connected with ihe sacred places came to Ins aid. Whether they then existed in ttJ form uuw current, or whether they took that form through his teachinc, the Vrabs came to believe that Zeni7em .i ii .i. i : ..I -l tas the well that was miraculously created to quench tho thirst of tho perishing Ishmsel; that the Kaaba was iuiilt by Abraham and Isbmarl; that its worship had teen -perverted in the times oi ignorance, till now a prophet had arisen in Arabia to restore the re ligion of Abraham, who was a true Muslim. Thus Mcca remainel the lioly oity of the Arabs, and its leading aien were placed iu tugn positions nu- : ier the now rule. It was a matter of reat delicacy to smooth down tho lealonsv of the men of Medina, who Lid befriended tho prophet wticn Mecca rejected him, and now Faw fa vors ti eaiied upon thoso who bad re CeiVrfd tho faith at the point of tne sword. The prudence of Mohammed md his two immediate successors, ho w iver, coiiJli ited both parties, nnd by the time of the third caliph, lilm had extoi, ded lo Syria, Egypt, and I'ersia, iind iis success was independent of the ;eilonsies of two towns iu Arabia. In adopting the Kaaba as the Bei te.lliih iu the new religion, Mohammed adopted in a modified form the cere moLies connected with it, the chief of v.liich was the Jl'j.) or pilgrimage. Oi.ee a year, in nniumn, the pagau 'rubs u.-e I to come in pilgrim guise io the l i,y leiiibo and worship. Mo tinuiuioil it.ji.ined the same enstom ipor. ,js Inlitiweis; but as the Muslim ' ar is stri,.ty lunar, without nn inter il'ii v m ,nth the nine of the pilgrim iue var.i s (r,,iu year to year. When elan, Kpreail, m a wnv thnt probably ven id, r,,ui ,l, r did nut foresee, to the most tliMnut i;Us, the custom was 'Hi r. taiiK-d; niiil tlmsa reliciou which 's about as ui,i,.y Mi-ead !1S Christian itv' n elf, ret in, s among its essential tetni-.. tl.es.. observances which are distinctively Arabian in their charac- tr, and uYvuu .Mouammedans from every p.,rt , .f t(,e w,.rld think it their l make tn. ir w:,v to the narrow and lliaee, .,!,!,. Va!1(;y ( M(.c(.a t(y ion1" "" ""'""jl"-nt duty of roli- TllC t,l,(. .! . cofi.io.i L. Vi tno time isj succeseor o, the prophet has the Civ -lege of Uuig named in the pabiio prayers in the tucnin at Mecca, soil 1 fimiutilijrri il .1.. l i ii ma "Utjr iu OlItKO prOVISlOU for th maintenance of tun holy honse, and to equ-i X caravan to make the pilgrimage ia in imposing manner. The caliphs of Bagdad used to perform the journey in person at the Lead of enormous bands of faithful worship pers, flanm El Rashid is said to have made the pilgrimage nine times, and on one visit to have sjmnt a million and fifty thousand dinars in presents to the people of Mecca and ' the poor pil grims; and one Sultan of Egvpt is reported to have had 600 camels for the transport of sweetmeats and con fectionery alone, and 1280 for various kinds of fruits. The Saltan of Turkey being at present the acknowledged cliph, the most imposing caravan to Mecca Is that which starts from Con stantinople, and tnvels all the way overland by Damascus and through the desert of Arabia. Though none of the Ottomon sovereigns have ever made the journey in person, the caravan is unncr vne charge of a hieh Turkish officer.andeso'irtaJ by Imperial troops. 1'assing through Asia Minor it collects various streams of pilgrims, and then makes a bait of some lime at Damas cus in order to make preparations for a journey of thirty days through the det-ert The main pitrt o" these preparations is the collecting of asnfticient number of camels lor the transport Tlie number is necessarily large, seeing that fnod, and iu some places even water, bavj to be carried, not only for the pilgrims and soldiers, but for the camels themselves; a supply for the return journev being deposited as they proceed. And it is the interest of the IVdomn sheiks of the frontier, who contract with the (lor ernment for the supply of camels, to swell the numleras milch as possible, litirckbardt, in 1814, com puted that there were 15.0iK) camels ia a caravan of 4,H0 or 5,0iK persons. One may well believe, that in tbe earlier times, when things were doue on a magui Scent scale, the size of the cara van must have been enormous. Arab historians say that' the mother of the last of the Abbaside caliphs, who made the pilgrimage in A. H. (',31, had a ciravati with 120,1)00 camels. It is a l ilioi i'Uis and painful journey, ihe stages Jieiug regulated by the wells and Khans, which have been erected for the convenience of the pilgrims. A convoy t'lkes provisions in advaroe, depositing a supply daily at the halting place.and the caravan travels by night. The flariug torches give a weird appear- hiiuo !! iuii moving masa, sun lliruugll the blasting winds of the desert, that try even the much e: during camel, over slippery ground that brings the jaded beast to tils knees, through thickets of thorn trees that tear the unwary rider from his seat, the multi tude creeps along; its numliers thinned at times by the stealthy Bedouin who, nnder cover of the night, will lead off a J few of the camels into the darkness, or ' by the fell hand of disease, which strews the path with victims, whose de votion has been htrotiger than their pin sical endurance. Thetrne devotee, however, courts rather than shuns danger; and in former das the pil grims toiled on for long distances over land, esteeming it a greater merit the more painful the journey was made. In modern times, partly from tbe decay of devotion, and partly from greater facilities of travel, the caia vaus are shorn of a great deal of their former dignity. Besides the Syrian caravan, there was the Egyptian, almost rivailtug it iu E umbers, aud fol lowing even a more painful course, irom Cairo, through the dry and in hospitable region along the Bed Sea. Then there was the Persian caravan coming from Bagdad in the F ist, and that of the Maghribin, or Westerns, gathering the pilgrims as it came east ward from .Morocco along the northern shores of Africa. In Arabia itself there were caravans from Yemen, em bracing natives of that district, as well as Ind ans and 1'i-rsiaus who had eome from that directiou. When to these-! we add the smaller streams of Bedooiu Arabs from the interior, we get an idea of the number and varied nationalities of tbe pilgrims, and the pomp with which the great annual festival was celebrated. .Now, however, a great number of the pilgrims lessen the fatigues of the journey by availing themselves of steamboats. Not only do the Indian merchants, as of old, come by sea to Jiddab, but even pil grims from Syria, Egypt, and Wejt Africa make the greater part of the journey by sea, and approacn the holy city also by the seaport. Mecca is distant from Jiddah about filty-tive miles, and caravans, traveling very slowly, make the journey iu two nights aud a day. The towu lies in a bare, rocky valley, whose utmost length is abont two miles and a half, and its breadth nowhere greater than three- qnarters of a mile. The valley slopes (.teeplv towards iti southern end, near .1 l : which the mosqne is sunaieu, anu is expoed to sudden and violent rain torrents, which on more than one oc casion have done damage to the holy house. Mecca has a settled population of not more tban 30,000, but it is cap able of accommodating three times that number The people live by the pil grimage, ine mosque nen um eu dowments in all parts of the world; (hen there are stipends anil euosimes ..nt to officials and others from Con stantinople; and, above all, tbe pilgrims spend large sums for lodging, service snd curiosities; so that during about three months the inhabitants secure a comfortable living for the whole year. There are several places of interest pointed out to the pilgrim at Mecca, such as the birthplaces of Mohammed, Ah, Fatima, and others, and lue imr-ial-place of Kbadijah. The visiting of these is, however, a very subsidiary matter to the pilgrim, who comes, not to gratify a religions curiosity, but to perform a sacred duty. He spends the greater part of bis stay at Mecca in the mosqne, which has grown up ei-ound the Kaaba, the Black Stone, and the well Zemzem. Tho Kaaba, as that name implies, is a building in the form of a cube, al though its sides are not of equal dimen sions, the length being about forty live feet, tbe breadth thirty, aud the height fortv. It is built of the stone of the neighborhood, with a flat roof, and no external ornamentation. According to Arab authorities oue angle of the build ing points to the pole star, so that the front or face wonld lie the northeast wall. It ia covered with a veil or drapery ot black silken stuff, em broidered in tbe same color witb passages from the Koran ; d at about two-thirds of the height from Mow there is a band of shout two feet iu breadth, with similar in scriptions worked in gold. Ihe veil s held down by cords fastened to brass rings, and when it flntters Rently in the wind, th devout are told that it is oved be the wings of the guardian angely. A new covering is ..nt .nnnally ittht BulUu't expeus- along with the caravan, and is put on at the time of the festival; the old covering being highly coveted, and sold in small pieces to the pilgrims. Tbe Kaaba, as it stands at pies ot dates from a. D. 1G27, but it bad been frequently rebuilt or repaired before that, having su&.-re.l both from fire and water. Its history goes ba-k to tbe remotest time of w hich we have record; and legend has run wild in its account of it, declaring that it was built by Adam directly nnder tbe place where it first stood in beaven a sacred object to the angels. At tbe eastern angle the famous black tone, described by some as yoloa lie, but most probably an aerolite, is built into the wall about four leet nine inches from the ground. It is set in a dark colored cement, and encircled with a band of gold or gilt silver, tue aperatnrein which the i-toue lies Itting, according to Burton, a span aud three fingers broad. The stoue is of a d irk brown color, blackened by fire accord ing to an Arabian historian, but, in the belief of the common pilgrim, dis colored by tbe kisses of sinful men. It is perfectly smooth, and to Hnrck hardt presented the appiaranoe of sev eral pieces that had been carefully put together afler a fracture. It is known that it was once subjected to tbe action of tire when the Kaaba was burned, it was once carried oft, and onoe an attempt was made to break it in pieces. Legend traces it back to the time of ishmael, to whom 't was given by the angel Gabriel at the j building of the Kaaba. .1 the interior ot the Kaaba is a sin gle room lighted only bv the door, which is elevated abont seven feet from tbe ground. Only on a few stated occasions the door is thrown open for worsh'ppers, for it is not an impera tive duty to enter it. The door is laid with marble of various colors, aud the walls, as well as the ceiling, are bung with red silk hangings, richly embroi I ered; but tbe house has uo other adornmeut and no saored furniture The roof is supported by colum s between which are suspended numerous lamps. Tbe Kaaba is approached from dif ferent sides of the conrt of the mosque by paved causeways, which serve also to mark off the space, and round it there is an oval pavement. Of the buildings that surround it, tbe nearest is the Alakara Ibrahim, or station of J spots being market! by pillars or but Abraham, a small building supported . tres-es, erected where, it is said idols by six pillars abont eight feet high. It stood ia pagan times. After the encloses a stoue, carefully covered throwing of stones on the first day from observation, on which the legend j another great rite is performed, the says that Abraham stood when he Ijtiilt ! slaughter of animals, which is assi the house, the prints of his feet being eiitted with the offering of Isbamael still visible. A little liehind this is un insulated arch, called Bab el Salam under which tbe pilgrim must pass on first approachiug the hahha. Close to the lelt of this and just opposi e the door, is the D irsj, or stair, capable of admitting four men abreast, which is moved nn to tbe door on days when the Kaaba is to be opened. Still farther to the left, snd fronting the black stoue, is the building erected over the well Zcnizcm. It is of con siderable size, having a chamber into which pilgrims crowd to receive of the water, w:'icb is drawn by buckets. There is also a small iron grating thr 'Ugh which they can receive water without entering the chamber; and there is access to the ro f. Tho water always lemains at the same level, and would lie suflicient to supply the whole town. Every family in Mec ca is supposed to use it for religious purposes, and the pilgrims not only use it for Ihe ablution, but drink gre it qnantities of it, and carry it home with them for its wonderful virtues. Besides tbe Makham Ibrahim, there are nt different sides of the Kasha three other similar erections, called Makams, open on all s'des, nuder which, and facing the holy bouse, the Imams of three of the great sects take their station and lead the devotions of their adherents. The Imau of the fourth sect stands ou the pavement between Zemzem and the Makam Ibra him. There remain to lie mentioned two small contiKiions buildings, with domes, in which are kept various arti cles used In the service of the mosqne; and, lastly, a striking object, the pulpit with its tapering spire-liko top, from which on Fridays and high days a sermon is preached. On snch occa sions, when nil sounds are bushed bnt tbe preacher's voice, or when tbo as sembled thousands perform their devo tions in concert, the spectacle is one that perhaps is unequalled in the world, and calculated to impress even tbe most thoughtless. By the strict law of Islam, every believer, on approaching tbe sacred territory of Mecca, is required, at a fixed distance, to assume the pilgrim's garb, and not to lay it aside, nor attend to any worldly bnsinef'S, till he has visited tbe Kaaba; and though many do not observe it, a strict Muslim of Mecca, if be has occasion to go to Jiddab or Taif, takes bis pilgrim garb witb him to put on os be returns. The iiram or pilgrim dress consists of two pieces of cloth, which may be of wool, cotton, or linen, one of which is wound round the loins, tbe other thrown over tbe neck and shoulders so as to leave the right arm partly bare. The law reqoires tbat it shall be without seam, without silk or ornament, and of a white color. The pilgrim must sbo have bis bead uncoered, and, if he does ui t walk barefooted, the ins'ep of the foot at least must he bare. To the aged and infirm certain indulgences are allowed, but even to tbe most ro bust, when the pilgrimage falls in the colder season, the effects of wearing this dress, as they are required to do, night and day, are often fatal. Female pilgrims wear a veil enveloping the whole figure. The strict Muslim, thus attired, on reaching the city, proceeds at occe to tlie mosque, at the entrance to which, on first gaining sight of the Kaaba, he gives thanks for having reached tbe sacred precincts. He then approach es tbe holy honse, reciting pray ers as he passes under Bah el Salam, and having taken np his posi tion in front of the black stone per forms two rekan, at the conclusion of which he kisses tbe stone, or. if the crowd is too great for this, touches it I with bis fingers. He then proceeds to walkfround the sacred cube, perform ing tbe circnit seven times, having the bouse on bis left, and kissing or touch ing tbe stone at the conclusion of each circuit. Having completed these, be comes np close to the building, at the space between the black stone and the door, stretches ont bis arms and press es bis breast to the wall and prays for the pardon of bis sins. From the Kaaba be goes to tbe Makam Ibrahim, and thence to tbe well Zemzem, recit ing prescribed prayers, and drinking of the holy water. If he is a stranger and unacquainted with the forms, he is prompted in all these ceremonies by a nrofessional guide, who also instructs I him in th remaining duties to be per formed: which are, the walk seven tuna between Sate and Meiwa. a dis- tsa.ee of aliont 600 paces, not far from the mosine, and, on that or a succeed ing day, a journey of an hour and a half to Oinra, with which tbe cere monial ends. A mere visit to Mecca and the cir. I cuit ronnd the Kaabi, do not, how- ever, constitute tbe pilgrimage, nor en- title a man to call himself a Hajj, or. as tbe Turks and Persians say, a Hajji. In order that the requirements of the religion may be complied with, tbe visit must be made in tbe proper ! kAMiuin or tiiA VAAr. anil witn ine oua- tomary ceremonies. Of these an in dispensable one is tbe visit to Arafat, a bare eminence about six hours dis tant from Meeca, and as the visit has to be made on a certain day, the SUh of the month Dhnl-Hejjeh, and at a cer tain hour of tbe day, the observance becomes one of the greatest, concourses of tbe religion. Burckbardt reckoned that there were present when ha was there 70,000 persons, in a campexteud iug three and fonr miles in length by two miles broad, and th it not fewer than forty langnates were spoken in tbe motley crowd. Having tbns encamped during the niht preceding, tbe pil grims, at the hour of afternoon prayer on the 9th of tbe mouth, gather upon and around the mountain, from whose Hide the preacher, generally the Kadi of Mcc a, delivers a sermon which lasts till sunset. During its delivery he wipes the tears from bis eyes, and at intervals implores a blessing upon his bearers, who nutter their lhrauis over tholr hea(j anJ devoutly respond. Immediately on the conclusion of tbe sermon, the pilgrims set out in hot haste in tbe direction of Mecca, pass ing the night at a place two hours from Arafat. At dawn next morning another sermon is delivered at this spot, aud then tbe pilgrims move on to Mina, or as it is usually called Mnua, where the most characteristic rites of the pilrimige are performed. Tra ditiou says tbat when Adam returned from Arafat he was confronted in tbe val ey of Mina by Satan, who, at tbe entrance, at the middle, and at the ex treme end, attempted to bar bis pas sage. Th. angel Oabriel instructed Adam to repel him by throwing stones, and a custom which is earlier tfiau Islam, has been kept np as a religions rite. The usual custom is to throw t-even stones at each of the three places on three consecutive days; tbe (not Isaac, say the Muslims) oy ADra- liHtn These victims, sheep or gjats usually, are bought from the neigh boring Bedouin at high prices. Each pilgrim who can afford it slays an an imal, aud niay slay others by proxy tor absent friends; aud at this time every Muslim, in whatever part of the worltl be may lie, is exfiecteil to slay his sacrifice. If the pilgrim be too floor to afford an animal, bo must at some I future time make up for bis defect by i fasting. The parts of the victims which the offerer cinnot consume are given over to the poor pilgrims; the beasts are slaughtered with little cere mony at any part of the valley, which is but, a narrow space; so that, what with the decaying of the caroasses and the crowding of people, t'ie atmos phere is often highly polluted and pestiferous. Witb the slaying of the victims the ceremonies of the pilgrimage are so far at an end. 'Ihe pilgrim may now shave bis head ami don bis ordinary o' even festive attire, in which, on the return to Mecca, be performs again the circnit of the holy honse, which in the meantime has received its new cov ering, and is the centre of immense crowds of worshippers. Tbe popular belief is that t e mosque is miracu lously enlarged to coutaiu all the wor shippers that crowd into it; ss it is be lieved also that at Arafat there are uever fewtr tbau 00 1,0H) present nt the serine n, angels coming from heaven to complete the Dumber. Of tbe crowds that congreante at Arafat not more than a fourth part make a visit to Medina, the Rite of the prophet's tomb, and the second in ss crednessof the Muslim shrines. The visit is entirely optional; when it Is made, it should follow tbe visit to Mecca; bnt tbe distance is to great s tiretome joiirnfy of eleven days nnd the physical and other resources of the pilgiim are by that time so much exhinsted, that only a small number fnllil the task. The principal object to be visited is, of course, the tomb of the prophet within the mosque, lieside whom lie also tbe caliphs Aba Bekr and Omar, and not far off tbe prophet's daughter Eatims, a vacant space being left for Isa, or Jesus, when he shall return to the earth. the ceremonies to be per formed here are not mixed up with old pre Islamic superstitions. There is no putting on of the pilgrim's dress, circnmambulation of tbe tomb is for bidden, nor is there any kissing or touching of the tomb. Butthe pilgrim is to give himself much to prayer dur lug bis stay, because the prophet has said that the one prayer in this mosque is more efficacious than a thousand in any other place, except the Haram at Mc c-'a. 1 here are professional guides here as at Mecca to prompt the pilgrim to tbe appropriate prayers and ceremonies. Among these is a prayer for tbe intercession of Mobsmmed, stronglv reprobated by the fanatical WahhaLis, who also object to many other ceremonies of tbe pilgrimage as contrary to the trae spirit of the re ligion. Tbore is a trad tion that tbe prophet faid, "If a man has the power to per form the pilgrimage and does not. be might as well die a Jew or a Christian." It was certainly made as essential a part of the religion as prayer or alms giving. Yet the religions teachers have tound reasons for exemption, and de vised substitutionary fasts and alms, and some even allow the performance of tbe rdes by proxy, irom various cinses the enstom is not observed with i tbe rigor aud enthusiasm of early times. Nor is this at alt to be regret ted. The hardships and loss of life with which the pilgrimage nsed to be accompanied were appalling, and dis ease was often brought into turope bv tbe rotutninjr pi'grims. No doubt many a devont Muslim bad bis piety quickened; bat it is to be feared that a large number had their faith rndely shaken by what they witnessed, and that religious sensibility was blunted by familiarity with what were no long- I er impressive ceremonies, there are I not a few proverbs, tbe point of which ! is to beware of a man who has been often at the pilgrimage; and the loose ness of life and worldliness of disposi tion of tbe residents in tbe boly citiei have given rise to the saying: "El haram JVl haramain" i. .,the gross- est sin is to be loand, in, the two great - set aaootuariea, A MEW HOME. BY MARGARET SPENCER A week's long journey of two thou sand miles from tbe capital. Joe looked at me. and I looked at Joe. He simply said "Well, dear," and led me into a queer old frame honse with an a iiiitli.u, made ont of the some years before deserted phono graph gallery of the camp. The porch was low and the Nteps were ru le, but all were parts of a true ho-re, because we were going to live in it, and be cause Joe wis the man I loved letter than all the world lwi le, an 1 our three children were with us, and my mother aud only brother had come too. ri With all thiso dear ones what cou anywhere prove, but a home? t "v d..r " ami w.iltA.l inthey shut- inside their suow-cappe.l. onr lie I room to lay off my things. I think my mother (dubed, ss she set down her bag and looked about, but we were tired, and tbe journey bad been long. Our boys followed the sound of gold mills, and smelters, the roar ' of furnaces, the shouts of the Mexican drivers, and the tread of the oxen with their heavy loads, climbing the bills. Dinner was ready. "Mi la" our little Mexican girl, with the help of the cook and the French baker from tbe one hotel in camp, had provided a feast '1 Le store keeper had stut jellies and ("allfiruia frnits. Tbe Mexicau car penter, venison and lamb; avid the three tired, hungry strangers partook of a banquet. Joe chattered Mexicau, as tbe dark faces thronged the door-. i l i . i t I. 1 1. : ! i way, nuti tuejr wi'iujuicii tint a ineir "1'adroue" with vigorous hand shakes, and "eta Bueno Seuor, and Sen oras;' (It is goodl. "Borrito Muu cbachitos, Ah, Si," i pretty little ones. All the countries of the world passed before us. Beauty and bandits! Egypt aud Spain! Dark faced, dark eyed people of some strsnge land. Now where can I begin? 1 can't write a guide book or a history of ' Mexico, or oi copper mines, or or a queer new country. We looked like a enstom he use, with all onr trunks, boxes and barrels piled up on tbe porch. Wo bad a "'eally" Yankee front room, (without it's stnlTy, dread ful shiit-np-ness, four l ed rooms, and a long d mug room, iu tbe glass roofed aud sided photograph gallery. Just in while tbe kitchen fire raged, the water the centre of all tlie additions was our j fast boiled away, and the table linen, kitchen: In it, a Fecoud band cook calico aprons, aud black stockings were stove, pine table, and sink. A most soakiug together in the tub. My poor pitiful Hoor, with cracks an inch wide ! mother hud to come to tbe rescue, iu s,ime places quite "handy" for we sorting, rinsiug. boiling, and hanging could sweep the dust through! We out clothes all day. didn't need a dust pan. The 'mildren I Marguerita said, gracefully: "Ah, spent blissful hours, nil winter, feeding 'Senora, mnticho bueua" (much good); the chickens, that lived under the I played with her babies, smoked twelve house; lying rlat on the floor when the I cigarettes, fed little Baphiellino four gales of wind didn't blow away the j times and washed (?) all she could be corn. But order must come out of tween times. Her voice was low and Thai's! Oail Hamilton says: "If a ! sweet, her musical Spanish charming, woman lias a earetr, she is a power." tlie constant pantomime of her pretty The "career' was plm to this little little dark hands, bewitching. We family, and I eroically we put on big 'learned whole sentences of Mexicano, aprons, and dear Mrs Stowe's ''facnl- bat at six o'clock three tubs stood ty," und went to work with a wilLjfnll of half washed clothes, iu a wet Joe brought Antonio, the carpenter, i and dirly kitchen; the flannels, baby's wnh leuty of 1 o irds, hammers, tacks I dresses, and all the towels tied iu a and nails Joe, distracted between ' bundle, were found belaud tbe the mine, the mill nnd the new honse- door! keeping, bnt resolute. Mother, deep "Manana, Senora, raanana," (to in the mysterious boxes snd trunks, morrow "Si Senora" aud with a dragging out wondrous cushions, rugs cheerful smile the easy going gyjsy aud hangings; and 1, myself, needing tribe sailed off in a blue smoke to forty pairs of hands at ouce. ward "Mia Casa," waving "adios" and First. Autouia made a dining table, "buenos nocbes' (good night) to each so w hlle aud sweet of native odorous of onr family. My mother sat down pine that we despised oil or staining, on the doorstep speechless, ami when ami longed to, give a dinner party at Joe lajnnded in to supper, be asked, once. Tho hoys soon p. led it high ' anxiously, "What has happened?" from their trunks, expecting mother to We visited tbe dug-outs, called on trrange their "things" in their 8x10 the twst families in piony homes room. Ho. ts ami shoes appeared si Je by t-i le wilh crimson velvet pincushions parting gifts from the girls they left behind them; overcoats and hats over shadowed bewildc ringlv pretty faces iu pretty frames, while Latin grammars tnd geometries lay silently by, for the conditions of this journey, for boys in the Kr. shman year of college, were study and mining together." Shelves toon grew to the board walls, mantels ippesred in unloosed for places. Cup boards snd lioard partitions made an admirrble pantry: and pounds of nails, hooks and pegs fell into line, like good soldiers, in every space. The supply store of the camp gave ns boxes of all 4izcs from one to four feet f-cpiare. I do declare there never was anv- tbing so lovely as onr fnrnitnre! I ong to write a detailed description of svery piece and have it published by tbe biggest syndicate in Amerioal that our Eastern women may, nn 'er pressure, however liberal their ideas of expenditure, see tbe lieanty of "trifles" and Bcorn the worry of "straits," and see bow, "without stint or spare, men use common things, wilh more be- iind.' "Now, Joe, ebony inlaid with ivory san't beat tbat centre table, with its egs of 'pinion trees' stained such a Hue black. Standing on our best rug, with such an Eastern air snch an im- Kipsible air and a pine top, too. Tbat ibest of drawers is perfect! Ob, Joe, f tbe girls at home in their drawing rooms and libraries done in Miie and jold and crushed strawlierry, con'd see mr h nue, they would die of euvy." "No doubt they would, my dear," laid Joe with a conceited twinkle in i's eye, "die of envy, because of your ansband's capabilities. '' This same home-making went on day ind night with greit bestowal of :bought, and work without stint. To very heart experiences are new. Home is so luterwoven with the innermost life f each individual, l'ain or rapture, fullness or tneagrenof-s, come with the ndividiial lifeof people Tbe "kingdom it God is within yon!" Tbe grand old ove of ages ago, sows tho same seed nd reaps the same harvests. The tongs sung over tbe bills of Judea ind tbe songs sang in the mountains if Mexico, were the same We painted, we decorated, we itaffed, nailed and trimmed; making more noise than Thomas's orchestra a, ichool piano, or a street band, and ust then our music was twice as inspir ing. Fruit boxes from the sweet, treated orange groves of Ihe Faciflo -oast, cracker boxes from Yaukee and, cedar boxes from Spanish aaciendas of the Mesilla valley, and he business dry-goods box of New i'ork city nil served us witb gener us fitness. B-xik cases with "cub iiies," aud drawers, and with enra o curtains drawn on wire from onr wn mill. A fnll grown secretary, with fantastic places for all onr letters mo papers, Joe's business documents, blotters, pens and ink, and even cut tiiss ink-bottles from the capital! sleepy-hollow chairs, aristocratically tilled the oi ruers of tbe sitting room. Their foundations were barrels, their use (?i and grace (?) were conferred or excelsior and cotton batting, from i ho store and a sateen dress of rose bud pattern upholstered them. An tonio made ns chairs antique, chairs J reclining, and chairs fashionable, A blue striped Nave jo blanket aoy- ered onr centre table. The dear heme student-lamp with its pretty shale, mile away, for so many happy even-i ings sUamI iu tbe centre. Albums, pio- tures, fans, and golden butteriiies from the last summer's sea-side home were scattered about aud our little psrlor was a work of aril The children's books, piled high in the corner case; onr dearest poems aui lavorite stories the piles of news papers and magazines sent us by every si age as it Inmbered over tlie hills from civilization, all gave golden sig nificance to the humble home. Words can uever tell the glory of onr windows or "tbe freshening" it ...... . . i i. it . : l . . , i tiue io m,u I buu i u 1 1 y tu I lit uuusfc Ul lour daily work to lift onr eyes to the SuiviiuiiniuD avuuva auuu vet (inniriU as 1 !,,.. k a. . : 1 . a i. : i ' purpie wans oi our ousy nine camp. I With sudden golden visions of the beantiful city, or the wide deep shad- I ows as tbev slatted downward across I the thousand pinony trees and low, red mountain oaks we could see "Christiana aud the children," climb ing np-aio! Tbe romance and poetry of this home made the "calling high," and the end dignified the means abso- lntely; tut, domestic economy in the kitchen was a study. Our clean, white muslin curtains, toilet sets and sunny bed-rooms, were home like and artis- tio. The dining room, half glass and crimson cauton-llanoel curtains, was radiant with its six-foot fire-place, of furnace slag tilled with blazing pine logs, (a dozen at once); but our Mex- an "help," was destruction, dirt and j ignorance. It is dreadful enough to do one's own cooking, but triat is home witbont a washwoman. We tried ten; I each worse than the last. Seraphlna Car- ' mena offered to take our clothes to "m cis t" (my house) for ten cents apiece! ! (Thirteen in onr family). We declined. Marguerita, a young aud jolly I, woman, came at seven, bringing only three of bt-r seven "munohacbitas" (little ones). After giving them their breakfast and visiting us merrily for , half an hour, she curled herself upon the wood box with the babv, took from an tdd, dirty, calico bag tied around her waist a package of yellow paper, and a bag of tobacco, and deftly rolled a cigarette, carelessly watching tbe smoke cnrl over the l abv's brown face. ; made of two good branches, inter viewed the miners snd finally Senora Oabriella Montoya'consented to come tbe next week to help wash." She was eighty years old, bronz face, thiu aud tall, with great, black eyes, sad aud mournful. She told us her children bad all gone "a 1'alacio a Dios" (to the I'alaoeof Godi and almost broke our hearts with her tears and wailing hymns, iu most pathetic Span ish. At 4 p. m. she bad tbe first tuh ful ready for the line. Another a Texas woman witb three hoys, wonld board witb us, cook snd do our washing. I said: "Mother, we will take her. We will board seventeen boys!" She staid with ns one month, then was promoted to a laundry in camp, but took our washing witb her! We had "dinner parties," "even ings" and concert-! Life was full of devices aud plots and sweet surprises for one another. We bad Santa Clans and a roysl Christmas; a Sunday School, church, reading room, and a school ma'am from Brooklyn, New York! But 1 will tell yon more in another letter. TEHSON AU Mrs. Fhoebk IIfarst has definite ly decided to elect a museum la Golden 6te Park, San Francisco. The amount to be placed to the credit of the park for the purpose stated will be one million dollars. Much of the material has been gathered by Mrs. Hearst dur ing extensive travels, and is now stotei la her Washington and San Francisco residences, and elsewhere. Mrs- Eliza Jin P. B. Davis, a young SouLt.eru woman, is reckoned am Dg tbe first mathematicians in this country. Madame Diaz, the wife of the Mex ican President, will at her own expense, send to the World's Far a woman's bind of forty-live musicians. It will co.nprise the most expert musicians in Mexico. Tbobablt the only woman customs trjker in this or any other country is Hulda Gra er, of Cincinnati. She is oniv 21 years eld, but already she con trols a large and profitable business One ot the favorite amusemrnts of Bjoi nstjerne Bj'irn3on, known as the ".Norwegian ap istle of peace," is stone breakini He b asts of having relieved his farm of lOn.O M) cart-loads of stone. Thr Biittsh Institute of Public Heal h. Kings College, have for the first tinr.e el. cu-d a woman. Miss Ciiar lotte Smith, as a member. Batard Tatlor's widow U going to tell in an article which she nas writ ten w) at It means to be "the wile of a literary man." Two enterprising young women are Miss Sarah Herring, daughter of the Attorney-General of Arizona, snd Miss l reckenrldge, dauxhter of Colonel W. C. 1'. Biecklnililtre, who have both receutly passed creditable legal examin ations, and have been admitted to the practice of the law. Miss nrtEN M. Wisslow, well known among the writers of Bostou, ia to enter the rank ot novelists. She has written a book dealing with tbe labor queetloo. lli3 AND TH 13 rjr .Mmiu cf th ;32K!Ma ' I rrTyJ S XYi riches 99 ' t) ,jr. JL 113 arc thosa W.Dsj givo 'ot w,i away, j EvDiit- ormo some people' e pt-alc in church the devil f eeli I better. If there werg i no little sins I there w o u 1 4 never be any hig j Oil PS. AViievever you talk about water somebody Is sure to want a drink. j The man who has God to plan for him always does a good day's work. Ior every failing a man can point I out in others he has two of his own. ... You will never grow much in grace by watching how other people walk, j Faith is what a Christian ha9 the most of when he has lost everything dse. It never help us to walk an? Ftraighter to watch another man's leet. Tiik man who worships a God ot his own imagination, worships b I ni sei f. Saul was bigger on the day ho be came king tbau be ever was after ward. "IIunEiiY perceive we the love ot Cod, because He laid down His lifo for us." Evert Christian ought to read a ' chapter iu God's living Bible to sowo 6iii tier. -Lazarus had to walk to the rich man's gate, but he was carried to Heaven. The man who seeks his reward in this world, uever gets a price that 6ii its him. The happiest Christian Is the one who spends the least time in looking ut himself. The less a man amounts to the prouder he Is of his ancestors being big people. "He thatconieth to Me shall never hunger; and he believeth ou Me shall uever thirst." The man who walks with God is always sneered at by some highly re electable laiople. The greatest reward e"?er offered for faithfulness are those promised In the word of God. "God couimendeth Ills love toward iw. in that, while we were yet sluuei'3, Christ died for us." The devil never throws any stones nt the preacher who is not sure that the Bible is all true. Yot can always tell how well a preacher loves the Lord bv the kind of gospel he preaches. j Whenever the devil has ten min. ntes to spare, he uses It to bet niore . traps for the children. The blindest ieople are those who never find out that they can not b happy in their own way. There Isn't a ior man In th world who would carry a millionaire's load for tho pay he gets. The best, farm In the promised lan. Is always the tine which has the Lic gest giauts living on It. Theke arc feople who would rathe, pay their own way to the pit than to go to Heaveti for nothing. Every man will find out In th judgment that Christ has often coma to see hi ui at his own house. The man who knows that God Is with him to-day, has no trouble about trusting lliiu for tomorrow. Tnr.ne are so many temperance men who take their blue ribbons oft when they go away irom home. The mail who knows without doutii that Christ is bis Saviour, don't lose much lime In looking at himself. If sunshine had to be paid foi, there are many people who would de clare that candle I.ght could heat it If sonic people had the faith to move mountains, they would soon make all thwir neighbors' land very billv. No max ever attains a station so exalted In this world that Gs1 does not expect him to to help those be neath him. I hiring the next few months a great many bottles will be cast upon the shores of Lake Michigan. They are to le thrown into the water for ex perimental purposes by lake captains, who will undertake the service at the request of the United States Govern ment. The experiments are to be conduct ed for the purpose of determining the 6ct and drift of lake currents, and will lie under the direction of the Weather Bureau. The bottles are to be given out to vessel captains, who will agree to throw them overboad and enter certain data on blanks fur nished for that purpose. In order to do the work systemat ically, the great lakes have been mapped out in numbered sections, commencing at Duluth and number- I ing eastward. There are 410 sections in all, each one containing 180 square miles. When the captain throws one of the bottles in the water he will place in it, before so doing, a slip of i paper, upon which the data and posl- tion of the vessel is entered. i On each Klip is the request that the finder send it to the Chief of Weather Bureau at Washington or hand It tc the nearest Government observatory, lighthouse keeper or postmaster, to he forwarded. By noting where the Uittles go ashore, data will be uMained from which the movement of the lake currents can be calculated. WnEN a butcher gambles he should play for lurge steaks. 1 Aliss Gerircdb I. Vabret, daugh ter of Bcv. b. F. Barrett, of Philadel phia, has I eeii made general manager cf the iswemlenborg Publishing As sociation since the decease of her Tather, who was for many years presi- Sent of the association. j There is one woman fn America' who is richer than Miss Helen Gould. That is Miss Garrett, of Baltimore, laughter of the late president of the tor business .attain .NEW IJf BRIEF. A, Berliner breeds rats for vlvl- section. Xapoieon'i favorite dish was blood pudd.ug. Tneknllttng machine waalcventel by Hooteu In 1776. The four great ocean routes employ 1100 steamships. The rresetif; quotation for prime Egyptian mummies. Is $100 per dead bead. The out put of the American manu factories for the pist year wjs 7,215, 000,000. Texas perm'U high-toned convicts to hire substitutes to work for them iu the convict camp. At the World's Fair, Chicago, there are to be three of tbe largest elec trical cranes ever built. Every State and Territory In tbe Union has an organized militia except the Territory of Utah. The various German fraternities of Freemasons were incorporated into one bo ly by JiHt Dotzmger in 1444, Walter Bssant'd sister, Mabel, is an enlhus atlc trlcycllst, and regards a ) "spin" of thirty or fo.ty miles as a mere bagatelle. There are believed to be a score of women in ew York City whose col lections of lace vary In value from 000 to JoO.000. George Eliot wrote for eight years with the same pen, and when she lost It bewailel her misfortune as almost too hard to tear. Under chloroform, as undjr a'l an- se .tiiello gases and vapors, there Is a mode of death which may be called the final or natural. Kalherlue E. Conway, recently ap pointed one of tbe police cominissi'uu rs of Massachusetts, is one of tbe editors of the Boston Pilot. Mrs. Frelerick "Vanderbilt gUes so much in charity, th it she has less money to spend on her own adorumeut than many of her relatives Tiailer, the famous dog which died lu Southern Oregon tbe other dav, during his lifetime caught 105 bears, besides panthers aud wildcats. The number of foreigners who tcok up their residence In America last year was 543,487, of whom 118.278 came from Germany. A wise man will make haste to fcrg've, because he knows the full val ue or time and will not suffer it to pass away iu unnecessary pain. An Instrument has been Invented by which the degree of impurity winch iii ay exist In the air of any room or place can be determined easily and accurately. Professor Koch, who has been In vestigating the cholera at the Ntctlebeu (Germany) Lunatic Asylum, reports that the Itiver S tale is strongly lufio fed. The invention of the water pump, of which that in use tday differs hut littl i from the ancient models, was made in the tbe Third Century, B. C. On December 10", 1825, 700 banks In Entrland stopped payment The Bank of England's credit was sav.'d by the timely Issue of JLT ($5) notes. The Empress of Austria has made so much progress ia tbe study of mod era Greek that she is about to translate two of Shakespeare's plays Into tbat language. One of the oldest war pensioners of the United States is Mrs. Seuions, of Sodavllle, O egon, who draws a pension from the war fund of 1612. She is over 100 yeais old. Lady Ilaberton In her zeal for dress reform is organizing a league, every member of which will be pledged to wear skirts clearing the ground bv at least live inches. There lsa great medicinal virtue In onions, eaten raw at the very beglnniug of cold or malaria. They have a de cided tendency to check it and act advantagecasly in kidney and stomach troubles. Beports from New Crleans show that the Louisiana sugar crop reached last year 18!). 500 tons upon which the bounty will be (7,590,0 10, as against $0,882,590 paid la bounties last year. An archaeologist clsims to have re cently discovered at Slastus, a ruined city of Greece, the remains of an an cient temple, and a single aichalc inscription Iu the Acainlan dialect, the flast that has hitherto come to light. From statistics covering the Ist 32 yers it is computed that the average life of women iu France has beeu 38 years, and of men 3(i years. Duriug last year, however, the average rose to 40 years for both sexes. M. Felix, the well known Paris an man-aiii!iner, has always coDdexnel crinolines in any shape. He takes soiie credit to himseir for having brought In to ygae (he infinitely more graceful stjle that has reigned of late. Mics Eleanor newitt, daughter of New York's ex-Mayor, can play the piano, violin and batij , drive a four-in-han 1 or ttnd-m, rule a thorougl bred an 1 row and sail a bo it, ai.d speaks Fiench, German and Italian like a native. One day recently the young son of a Mr. Davis, of U.islyn, Va., found in a rat's net a valuable watch. It U of solid silver it is claimed, with tight-en jewels compass and several oilier fea tures tbat are not found lu the modern watch. Mrs. It-bert Johns -n, of Sonoms, Cal , has 203 high-bred Angora caU and three servants devote their entire time to them. Mis. Johnson is a wid ow to whom money is no object, shi being worth several millions. Tne long-distance marching comp etltions by volunteer fo'.diers in Eng land are discountenance I by tbe Con.- mander-in-Chef In a reent order. I He thinks the result In no practical gocd and may cause individual barm through undue stress of effort A bcst of Harriet Beecher Stowe In marble, modeled by Miss Kuco Whit ney, of Boston, has tern brought for $1,000 by tbe women and children of Connecticut for exhibition at the World's Fair la tbe Woman's Budd ing. Kveutuaily it will be placed in the Public Library at. Hartford. The likeness represents Mrs. Stowe tn her old age. Mrs. Vart II. C. Tanner, a wldoiv. Is the ou'y survivor of tbe children of Theodore Hook. She Is seventy-three and lives In England, alone and la poverty. i ,n.iii.ii.wimiiv .,,,. ... if t
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers