yOU WANT - SQEUPQURd and Bowels, to every organ. Use ft Now! nse.1 your Palnw, rlerT P -cuiaior. it is a s.io-7n!,,'',,Un u tawir.c It 1 uv. fMt iu, t-iue. VOL. XLIIJ. MIFFLINTOWN. JUNIATA COUNTY. PENNA.. WEDNESDAY. snv y l l m r, mill in. r, . jwt n . r n ' w (gyp wwwy ij www ydi Www i ; j B. F. SOHWEIER, THE CONSTITUTION- THE UNION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS. Editor and Proprietor. IO! HOE .1. i ilT TBOUBLR. tho r,! 1 f . s.. surly and rrlaj. i :!y .-Min tlntitf tho matter with : i : h. nr I'.vcr. it mU-cn? i.--ji'i" J it - hi3 in ir la sluegiah and 1 ; h.i', .!i-. :i!,-r.-.i ami f.mL 1 ' ""V n'' l."r"l-lyinan i e-r. 1 1 Lui W :-t f nrej with a trrowL "ill Tmrlfv tha . ' . I... M ilir.il Di-overy VMrovery - ' t:..- I'. -h, invigorates Ui :. :.ui.jr. . it ciivi'ii in time and given a. 'li-i'w"1 for whkh It is recoia ill. lid. i. ai. A".m urns, Proprietors. pi THE HEAD, i: ui'. r f how Innff ntan-iiof, It pw MPING OUTFIT! TI Tlirr.RrATESTII THI bests i I 'f.-r f-...."ilrtrtin.- icta Mi.i.j:.i.ii;r. 5N ri.-w in ;nl. I.'WI) l"Jr :.- r.- ,.l.t ..tuUb mSW f V -CS- '..:..vr.?.-S.'.?t JY J . ' ' ! '; !.-.-t, I P'lm v Jco- 1 1 I wip -lM.a-u, 5 InrlM biX I I oi.r. rilTtolunu, illeeliw l I. ii-.--.ft i.-hu. Ii uwbf-v L. DOUGLAS FOR CENTLEMEIt t In Hi.- orl.l. "'iiimlnlta IMIM N !- r , ..I II M lAUIIIH' n: MM I I UK IIOk ..i.: i;nk- in'L SHOES. . .... ,.!..,. lintt.'U aud Lc. DOUGLAS a FOR I I FOR LADIES. I. iHiiijAS snoro lta rotr. n-. put l llll '"" r .L w I. luli.bAs. UluM-b.ro. MASS. fr-.ij. I' . . ... u.. ' Zm-. '-"? .... . .i i u "; .... r"-- i"TkiMatt CnATCFUL-COMFOdTINl COCOA Hi BREAKFAST. r f'.i . - liar i y,v.,Atj wr" M.....n I- ! UtUI "r.U a AXLE GREWt I -r IPW7.'u l i ..1.. nr. ha ""'A .ui rharl.-al Sa L r Ekef cattla returned for taxation la KaBsaa, Texas and the territories Weet f thse states hare increased in six ,-eari past from 5.877,005 to 13,762.393. Tub population or the United States at tte (resent time is belle red to be ery nearly 64,300,000, allowing an ad lition 'f upward of 500.000 daring the list twelfs months, indicating; a prob able increase equal to 67,CO0,C00 for the ususyear 1S30. Tue press of Illinois Is urging the I2la!ature to pass a compulsory edu cation law, which causes the Detroit Free rms to remark: "Michigan has bad one for many years, and will prob ably sell it cheap. Compulsion doesn't rem to compel' This is rather dis rouraglnj. now shoes are worn ere a by horses on some of the stage routes in Nerada. They are fastened to the hoofs by cliu-v, and, after an animal becomes u?ed to them he can travel tour or fire miles an hour where it would be im possible to go that distance in a week i'.uout them. The shoes are made of lh in steel pUite, and measure about 9 by 11 Inches. The horses are shod with oaz heel calks, wbl.h go through the 4uow shoes and prevent their slipping going up and down hilL A. urate digger In 2iew Tork tells of a strauge sort of mental affection which troubles people of his calling. It is termed "corpse quake," and several of Lis friends have suffered from it. It Invariably attacks a digger while be is about the cemetery, the victim shaking as though suffering from a chill. In one case that the digger cite, the man's health became much Impaired, but, abandoning th business, the poor fellow recovered, and then took his eld position. Almost the same day the shaking returned. lie again retired, but suffered thereafter at the mention of a spade, and died in a remarkably tort t'me. lSosTo.N will soon begin an experi ment like the famous Toynbee Hall in Loudon. A graduate of Harvard Uni versity, who lias been pursuing social studies in Europe, will take charge of au enterprise to be established In one of the most degraded parts of Boston, au try and enlist the students ot Ilar-v-iU in the work of elevating and ameliorating the condition of the poor. Toynbee Hall, which Is conducted by graduates cf Oxford University, is one of the most famous and successful efforts made lu london to rench the 'degraded classes. University men have found in it a Deld through which tbey could put into practice theories and suggestions on solving social prob lems. They have worked with en thusiasm and earnestness, and doubt less the same good results which have come from their work will follow the effort to be made on the same line in Boston. In tui Centennial year the number of pieces of baggage handled by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company amounted to 1,600,000, which was the highest point reached up to that time, and was then considered a remarkable record for the year. These figures. however, dwindle into Insignificance when compared with those of the year lust closed. In IS? 3 the number of separate pieces bandied reached 3,200, COO representing an aggregate money value ot at least S3 i 00,000. These figures Include only "outbound" bag asse or that which has been checked and forwarded. The "inbound' re celpts amount to about 1,800.000 pieces. aggregating a grand total of 5,000,000 pieces handled. Of this number, it 19 reported, only three pieces were lost en route from starting point to destina tion. Tu New York Metropolitan Mu seum has at length a collection worthy of a great city; valued by its last re sort at S3.000.000. and of a character which makes a pecuniary valuation give little measure of Its real worth. As the museum is less than twenty years old its progress is amazing; and it has received a commendable support from the city and the community. iew York City, besides building ar edifice worthy the collection, contrib utes S15.000 annually to its support. and as much more Is paid in by mem bers, for the Institution la fortunate In never having fallen into the hands of stockholders, so that public liberality takes the form of contributing to its sur port instead of to its endowment. and adds to its resources Instead of ex pecting a return or cramping its ac agement. As it stands to-day a visit te the Metropolitan collection gives a visitor tha fair eouivaieni or a aav ia the European galleries. oxADsTosTt was luvlted by a 'West ern editor to contribute an article on 'Washington." The English sta man declined in the following words written on a postcard: I am much honored by your letter. But I can not act upon It. Washington la a noti subject. I studied him 0 years ago with love and admiration. But It not in my power now to renew the study. Jfc I should not like to profane the theme by thin & slovenly work. TH TELEPHONE!: SWITZERLAND The returns published by the Swiss Confederation with reference to the development of telephonic communica tion in Switzerland show that, since the establishment of the first telephone in 1880. sixty-one towns have been nravLiMi with ttiem and there are now 6SR tVfmhnnio stations, of which no fewer than 1500 are In Geneva audits suburbs. Most of the Swiss towns are now connected with one another, Geneva communicating not only with Lausanne and other places on the shores nf i.v. int with Berne. Zurich and St. GalL THK LOVF.S OP KMINEYI MEN. iitrroMlnx Paaaagc From the arcs or Some Writer and Composer. One Sunday young WsJrr Scott of fered bis umbrella to a young lady of uiucn beauty who was coming out of church during a shower. The um brella was graciously accepted and Scott fell In love with the borrower. who turned out to be Margaret, daugh ter of Sir John Belches. Ills atten tious to the lady continued for about ix years, when she married a banker. who proved to be oue ot Scott's most generous friends when his time ot troubles came. The story of this, his List and ouly deep passion, is recorded in the diary that Scott kept In 1S27, from which It would seem that there may have been soma misunderstanding oeiween tue youn people. l'robably It was pride which led him to engage himself, within a year, to Mademoiselle Charpentier. or Miss Carpenter, at she was usually called, the daughter of a French loyalist who had died early in the revolution. She made, on the whole, a very good wife, only one to be pro tected by Scott from every care, and not one to share his deeper anxieties. or to participate In his dreams. 1 et Mrs. Scott was not devoid of spirit and self control. For instance. when Jeffrey, having reviewed "Mar- miou" in the .Edinburgh JUvictc. in that deprecating and omniscient tone which was then considered the evi dence ot critical acumen, dined with Scott on the very day on which the re view had appeared, Ladv, then Mrs. Scott behaved to bim through the whole eveulug with the greatest polite ness, but fired this parting shot in her broken English ai ha tojk his leave: 'Well, good night, Mr. Jeffrey dey tell me you have abuse Scott In de lleview, and I hope Mr. Constable has paid you very well for writing it." Haydn married a hairdresser's daugh ter, who bad a dismal, mischievous. sullen nature, a veuotuous tonzue and savage temper. S Intolerable did she at laJt become that he had to sep arate from her. Almost equally unfortunate was Weber. He was wout to say: "To be a true artist you must be a true man." But the beautiful siager, uretccen. with whom he fell in love at Stuttgart, however she may have consoled his somewhat arid life, was not a bene- ficl tl Influence, for she led him into many sad extravagances and an un wholesome taste for playing the cav alier. The Countess Caroline, an enthusias tic girl of great beauty, became the ob ject ot Schubert's romantic passion His exterior was auy thing but that ot an ideal lover. Rude, unshapely fea tures, thick nose, coarse, protruding mouth, and a shanib.lng awn war J figure were redeemed only by eyes of uncommon splendor and aeptn. ine inexperienced maiden, belonging to a haughty family, hardly understood the devotion of the humbly-born genius. Ouly once be was on the verge ot a f uU revelation. She asked htm why ne bad dedicated nothing to her. W ith abrupt, passionate intensity of tone Schubert answered: "vnars me use of that? Everything belongs to you " This brink of confession seems to have frightened him from any further inter course with the family, yet he never forgot his beautiful dream, or loved another woman. The French writer, Alpuouse Dau- det, had determined to r- mat n a bach elor, because he was afraid that if he had made a vrong step in marriage ne mhzht dull his imagination; but, on be- ng introduced to Mademoiselle juiie A Hard, who loved literature, and was a charming writer aud critic herself. his tear was removed. Ine union proved a vnry happy one, and the pic ture ot the two at work Is an attractive bii of biography, '-she has been," says his brother, "the light of his hearth, the regulator or nis wort, anu the discreet counselor of his inspira tion. There is not a page that she hai not revUed, retouched and enli vented; and her husband has borne witness to her devotion aad indefatigable colla boration In the dedication of '.Nabob.' but she would net allow this dedication to appear." Once, it is related, he ha J a sentimental a: id dramatic scene with his wife, concerning which he re marked: "This seems, my dear, like a chapter that has slipped out of a novel." "It is more likely, Alphonse." was the reply, "to form a chapter that will slip Into one." Beethoven used to speaK in passion ate utterances of a certain countess, Giulietta Guiccardi, calling her his "Immortal beloved," "his angel." "his all," "his life." It was to her that he dedicated his song "Adelaida," which, as an exp.esslon ot lofty passion, is world famous, me cnarming countess, however, preferred rank, wealth and unruffled ease to beinc unsea even with a great genius if. indeed, the af- fair ever looked in tue airecuou or marriage. She married another, and Beethoven does not seem to have been seriously aisiuroea. It may be that, like uoetne. he valued the love or woman, not for itself or its direct results as an art stimulus which should enncn ana fruc.Ky bis own Intellectual me. HEALING BY MAGNETISM. KjrTntlan and, Gnrk Forerunner or In these davs. wuea so many people of Intelligenc are investigating physical pheoomena; when occultism, spiritual ism, mind-reading, faith-bealing and kindred sublects are attracting unusual attention in the scientific world, it may not be amiss to review the past to ascertain, if possible, something of the history of thee modern mysteries. A very little investigation will ahow that the ancient philosophers were puzzled by the same questions wnicn me thnnirhtf ul men of to-day are asklnz. and that thy sought to explain the PQWer 0t mind over mind by various thOTrina. some of which are still widely current- The study ot the peculiari ties of mental action, says a writer In the Flttsburgh XhsjxiicA.ani the hidden rnnv that are the causes thereof. probably bgan with primitive man and has remained ever mw rmitfnl BDeculation. The investigation of the phenomena r mmriam oerhaps received more Ktention from learned men in tum latter nart of the last century and h. iuli-i nart of the present than at lima in tha history of mankind. It was undertaken by the Royal a iimv of Medicine at Taris. and by a great many celebrated physicians in nrhr narts ot Europe. M earner's doc- ihtim found many believers, and the opinion seems to have been extensively .f.rtJned that in "animal magnet ism" there had at least been discovered a remedy for the gre. ter part, if not all, of the ills which daob is heir to. But there were many before Mesme' who claimed to be able to heal the sick by mysterious power. In a work titled " The History of Fyscodunumy,' by Theodore Leger, of the medic .1 faculty of i'arls, published over fifty years ago. are instanced many Tacts, more or less well authenticated, w'tlcli are marvelous, to say the least. Leger was an ardent believer iu the value of w hat he styles "The new science, pys coduuamy," r.nd Lis book was written to give me world knowledge of the distinguishing textures ot doctrines then attract.! g universal attention. W hatever may bs said for theories 't must be admitted that be argues I is case well, showing perfect familiarity with the subject in all its forms. A3 Lexer's name, as well as his book, is probably unfamiliar to the average reader of to-day, -j partial summary of the contents of the work may not prove without inte'est. The magi, or wise men of India, were in great renown for their medical skill. Pbiloetratus describes their practice as consisting chiefly of gestures and Eecret manipulations, which Lger believes to be identical with those of modern mesmerists. The priests of ancient Egypt were the only physic ians, and they also made a secret of their arts. Both Indian and Egyptian Images of gods represent the figures in attitude such as a mesmerist would assume In obtaining mastery over his suti Jet. The medical practices of Greece were largely borrowed from India and Egypt, aud the author cites numerous passages from classical writers in sup port of his theory, that the oracles, to whose words the Greeks attached such importance, were in some way con trolled by mesmeric Influences, soc rates, who claimed to have some sort ot a spiritual guide, by him termed a demon, was certainly gifted with re markable prescience, or else the histor ians are greatly at fault. He predicted all the important events of his life, and even lore told bis own death. Apol- lomus, who is reported to have restored to life by the laying on ot his hands a person supposed to be dead, foretold events as accurately as Socrates. At Ephesus, in the presence ot a crowd, be saw and described the murder of Dotnltian at Rome, and when intelli gence of the Emperor's death was re ceived it was found to have occurred at the very moment indicated by Apol lonius. Secret arts of healing, wonder ful revelations in dreams, and mar velous gifts of prophecy were in as high honor among the Romans as among tbe Greeks. In the Latin authors were numerous descriptions of mental states corresponding very clos ly to the modern trance or mes meric sleep. Tbe sixteenth century scientific men began to explain the nature of physical phenomena by theories, not unlike that afterward formulated by M earner. Chancellor Bacon maintained that magic was nothing but the power of imagination ot one parson acting on the body of another. Von Helmont, a Belgian, born in 1397, was the first to give the name magnetism to the mysterious force. Between 1600 and 17 JO there were sev eral magnetic healers who gained great notoriety In England, I ranee, and other parts of Europe. A mau named Great rakes traveled through Great Britain performing most extraordinary cures by the application of hands. Among the diseases which he is re ported to have cured were blindness, paralysis, deafness, dropsy, pleurisy, fevers, neuralgia, tumors, scrofula, cancer, etc Tbe celebrated Emanuel Sweden- borg, according to bis own account, had most remarkable visions, lu which the mysteries of the spiritual world were revealed to him. Tbe Lord "man ifested Himself in person to me, His servant," be says. "In 143, and grauUHl me the privilege ot converging with spirits and angels, which l have enjoyed to this day. From that time I bean to print and publish various arcana that have been seen by me or revealed to me, as respecting Heaven and hell, the state of man after death, the true worship of Ood, the spiritual sense of the word, with many other most important matters conducive to salvation and true wisdom." Accord ing to other writers Swedeuborg had gift resembling those claimed by the spiritualistic mediums of to-Jay. Mesmer, wboss name is inseparably linked with one branch of occult science, was born tt Weiler, on the Rhine, in 1734. lie studied nieaicine aud astrology before entering his c trear ot healing by magnetic means. The influence of celestial bodies upon living beings was an essential part of bis theory. The record of his experi ments and that of bis pupils is vo.um- inous; suffice it to say that scores of ro- miraable cures of diseases that barUM physicians are attributed to him and fiem. With all tbe progress and learning that this century has brought it seems that we are almost as far as ever from obtaining such knowledge of the mind's mysteries as will lead to a cleat understanding of the nature and causes of phenomena which have puzzled both me wise and the ignorant in all aes. Thought from Young Men. Professor Henry Drummonl, whose "Natural Law in the Spiritual Wor:d" made so much stir in the world, is de scribed to be a "tall, slim, fair young man, with a trim mustache and a well fitting frock coat, and resembling au officer ot the guards rather than a lec turer at a university." It seems to be surprising to mauy that he should not be elderly, spectacled, suaooy and cranky, but ths reasonable mind will admit that the present is Just tbe eri to expect sound Judgment an! pro found thought from young men. In other ages young men gave their youib to folly exclusively, ana were not in a state of health at the ae of 30 to see clearly or moralize effectively. Seventy years or so gave a mau antbor'ty as a philosopher, but tbe modern system of college athletics keeps a man's phys' cal health strong while his mlud de velops, so that, unless our collegians are wilfully vicious, the coming cen tury should produce a finer set of minds and bodies than did ancient Greece. It Is me small nature that is Inclined to agitate. Nature meant to make woman Its masterpiece. A movement is on foot, under the leadership of Mrs. Cyrus W. Field, to establish a Sunday afternoon Bible class for theatrical women. rUMPIXG A PrtESIDEJiT-ELECT. It Was in After Tears That tbe Inter-vie-ver Enjoyed tbe Joke. An old newspaper man was reminis cencing a bit the other night, and said some interesting things, as such a rem inisceucer is apt to do. He said: My only experience with Abe Lincoln was lust after bis election to the Presidency. I was sent down to Springfield by the Xew "1 ork Tribune, with the mission to find out all I could ot his Cabinet and policy. In those days a President elect was not besieged as Harrison has been, and such a mission as mine was a streak of newspaper enterprise. 1 felt my importance tremendously, and, being young and fresh, was immedi ately sized up by Mr. Lincoln, as I can see now, though I didnt see it then. He received me kindly In his office, and said pleasant things about the paper and so on. He sat facing me, with legs crossed, and nursing bis knees, rocked his body slightly and slowly forward and backward. Finally, after speaking of several slight mat ters, he asked: "Xow, my young friend, what can I da for yon?" 1 drew forth a note-book with much display, produced a pencil and said: "Mr. Lincoln, I would be obliged to you to give the names of such mem bers of the Cabinet as you have decided upon, if any. and what policy you will pursue, if you have settled upon any thing definite." Mr. Lincoln gave me a look which filled my heart with pride, for I thought it was full ot admiration and respect. It makes me groai when I think of It now. He said: "I shall be glad to do any thing 1 can to assist you." 'Have you settled upon your Cabiuet and your policy?" "Oh, yes," bo replied. "My policy is all written out and is in that trunk over there, with an entire list ot the Cabinet." "I would like to have them," I said, "if you have no objections. Again he gave me that look of admiration, and it there was any twinkle in his eye I did not catch it. "Not the least in the world. You are welcome to the whole matter. Nothing would give me more pleasure than to let you have it. I would give it to jou now. but the fact is I have lost the key to the trunk." Mr. Lincoln went on feeling in his pockets, regretting tbe loss of tbe pesky key and condemning bis own carelessnes3,and emphasizing his sorrow at the situation and his inability to accommodate me, and fairly talked me out of the cilice, leaving me at the threshold with a hearty handshake aud a cordial invitation to come and see him again. I can imagine how he must have doubled up with laughter after he got the door closed and re joined tbe other people who were in the office. It took me several years, while I was growing a mustache, to come to a full appreciation of the performance, and then I determined that the way to freshen the Atlantio Ocean was to dip me in it. A Itoiuance of the Mutiny of tbe "Bounty." The mutiny on board II. M. S. Bounty In 1769, the remarkable career or the survivors on the 1'itcairn islands. and the subsequent exodus of those people to Norfolk Island, are matters of history ; but facts which have re cently come to light revive interest in the event. John Adams, while serving on a man-of- war under his real name. Alexander Smith, saved tbe life or a midshipman on board by bravely jump ing after him when he fell overboard. The young man, on returning borne, related bis narrow escape, and his rela tives, desirous of acknowledging the brave conduct of Smith, who could not then be found, placed 100 to his credit in the bank, the interest to ac cumulate until the reward was claimed. Many Smiths have claimed that re ward, but were uuable to establish their claims or identify themselves with the man-of-war or the incident. John Adams, tbe Bounty mutineer, or Alex a :dc r Smith, as he actually was, has left three grandsons in Norfolk Island. John, the oldest grandson, who is now sixty years of age, being Informed of the circumstances, proceeded, recently. to Sydney to establish the claim of the family. It is said that he thoroughly succeeded in Identifying his grand. father with tbe plucky seaman who rescued this officer from a watery grave, and, arter placing the affair in the hands of a respectable firm of solicitors in Sydney, has now returned to Norfolk Island. Will it be believed that that investment of 100 some time prior to 17?0. has now accumulated br interest and compound Itnerest to the vast sum of 96,000 ? Yet that is the sum said to be now available for subJi vision among the descendants ot John Adams, the leader in the Bounty mutiny. The facts as connected with the mutiny of tbe Bounty are so much matters of history that it Is hardly necessary to refer to them. ltata. A writer in last month's Chambers' Journal repeats the method which is In quite general use here for the exter mination of rata. These animals aie tbe wisest of domestic vermin, and any means taken for tbeir destruction is. as a rule, quickly discovered by them; If not, tbe terror alone engendered by the ever-diminishing tribe is suthcieut to cause them to flee the mysterious power which haunts them. Taking advantage of this trait, me writer in question constructed a trap for the rats. This was a water barrel carefully concealed. On the top was a trap door (simply balanced by a pivot in the center), and beyond this s:me food was pieced for which tbe rats had a strong liking. They could only get to this by walking over me door, and In order to entice them the door was fixed for about a week; then the bolt was drawn, and for several nights a plentiful supply of drowned rats rewarded the Ingenuity or the rat-killer, and the remainder of tbe colony sought "fresh woods and pastures new." Thinkers. The average human brain weighs ounces in me male, and about ounces in tbe female. 49 45 Cuvier's brain weighed 64 ounces. but Gambetta's brain weighed leas than the average woman's brain, which is peculiar because ot his great Intellect uality. Great brain weight is not always as sociated with intellectual vigir, as is shown in tbe fact mat an idiot is Known to have had a brain ot over 60 ounces In weight. 11 j mn of Justice. Thou Greater Pretence! 'tia ia thae Wa lave, aa ia a boundless sea; Tbe downward paths and upward 11 Alike whereto thy light is nigh. Fast ia the apberes tbe glow is thine; Oa akyle ways, in deepest mine, 0eroome by Lope, thy wonders flow leio the joys we wept to know. Taon breathest love through hungering fWlda- Tky touch a constant beauty yields; Hid In the thorn is good increased Te grandeur where we looked lor least. Prom thy far forces who can flea? Yet eyes that see oft do not see Ike common fire from which ia drawn Hie ruddy tribute of tbe morn. ln us, O Justice, to the deed Ttiat makes of creeds a single creeJI Ail born of thee are free to atay; Who maketb else sweet day by day 7 And tbon. O man, who art so near Nor yet tbe tunetul cry dost hear; Otil mount tbe liilla, and drop tbe line. Till truth hath made its vision thine! WM. PEXN. Was he a truly great mait. S INVESTIGATION INTO THE CHARGES HADE BY MACAULEY AS TO THE CHARACTER OF THE FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA. Macauley, in his History of England, has characterized Wm. l'enn as vain. week, garrulous aud false to his pro fessed principles. It will not be diffi cult. 1 think, to show the injustice or such a characterization, ilacauieys charges are based on some acts and sayings of Fenn, indicating his friendly feelings for James the IL, and that uiere was no good reason ror ine revolution of 1GS3. At the accession of James the II, there was no religious freedom In England except lor me established Church. That Church was part ot the government, and its influence was such as to cause the persecution of all the other sects. Its bead. King Jame. was a Roman Catho lic and though the bead of the Church of England was naturally desirous of freeing his own sect of its disabilities. But, be knew that In order to free his own. It would be necessary to free all other sects. He. therefore. Issued a declaration of Indulgence, making all forms or religious worship alike tree. This declaration be ordered to be read on stated days by all tbe bishops and clergy of the established Church. Seven of the bishops and most ot tbe clergy refused. Tbe seven bishops refusing to give bail were promptly sent to tbe Tower on tbe charge of having pre. sen ted a seditious and rebellious peti tion to me King. ThU aroused to the highest pitch of indignation almost tbe whole Protestant population or rng land. Arraigned and tried before the Court of King's Bench they were tri umpbantlv acquitted. Ever since tbe establishment of the Church of Eng land there bad existed between that and the Roman Catholic Church the most intense hatred. Both these churches were alike hostile to the dissenters. Down to the accession of James the II. an unceasing judicial war of persecution bad been waged against tbe weaker sects, by tbe one that chanced to be in power. Severe penal statutes had been enacted, for bidding them to worship in meeting houses or even in the open air. No avowed Catholic or Protestant dis senter could legally bold any oilise in the realm. Before the death of Charles the II, it was known that his brother James. Duke or 1 ork. ana neir appar ent to tbe throne, was a Roman Catho lic. The Whigs In Parliament, areaoing the advent of a Roman Catholic to tbe throne, attempted to pass what is known in history as the "Exclusion Bill," by which no Catholic could occupy tbe throne or .cngiana. n failed to become a law. and at ine death of Charles II, James, an avowed and devoted Catholic, was without opposition declared King. At this time tbe iails of Eugland were full of Catho lies. Quakers and other dissenters. Through the intercession of William Fenn. who bad long been on Intimate terms of friendship with James, about fifteen hundred Quakers and nearly twice as many Catholics were liberated. As a sincere and devoted Catholic, James very naturally wished to free his sect of all political disabilities. As a Catholic King at tbe head of tbe Anglican Church, he conceived it not only to be his right but his duty to disregard the 'Test Act,' and appoint Catholics to high places In ecclesiasti cal, civil and mili ary departments. To this there was no opposition more than tbeie would be in this country when a President appoints bis political friends to all important offices. Thus encour aged, be issued his celebrated 'declara tion of indulgence,' by which all tbe sects were made alike free from perse cution. He fully expected that such a decla ration would be received by all the persecuting sects with high favor. But by all, except the Quakers, it was summarily rejected. Such was their hatred of tbe Catholics, that rather than miss the pleasure of seeing them persecuted, they chose to be persecuted themselves. Tbey were, therefore, warmly welcomed as allies of tbe Church of England. It was contended that tbe declaration of Indulgence was beyond the King's prerogative, it was illegal and unconstitutional. Black stone lays it down as an axiom, that all law is necessarily founded In justice, and that whenever a law can be showu to be unjust, it becomes null and void. Tbe great organic law of a Nation is its constitution, and rests on the same basis It therefore, follows logically, that if religious persecutions be wron i there can be no law to sustain it. and that if religious freedom be tbe self evident right or all, the King's declara tion or Indulgence was Ju t and did not exceed his prerogative. It is well to note that the British Constitution is not a written Instrument like our own, but Is made up or important precedents, such as the Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights. It is not surprising then that the Nation were divided as to tbe Constitutional ty of this declaration of indulgence. Even In our own country, with its written constitution, mere has always existed a wide difference ot opinion as to the Cons itutlonality of many Important Acts of Congress. Tbe fugitive slave law may be cited as one of many prominent examples. Macauley charges that James was not a sincere friend of religious freedom That it was for selflsl motives that he issued the declaration of Indulgence. But surely, we have no right to lm peach tbe motive that prompts to tbe doing of an act self-evidently good. If a man mes you from a deadly peril you nave no right to go behind the act and impeach the motive. It may be Interesting as well as In structive to luquire what would have been the effect cf granting religious freedom alike to all me different sects. In the first place there would have been no sufficient motive for deposing tbe King. Ireland with her free Catholicism would have been as contented and loyal as Scotland with her free Presbyterian- Ism. There should have been no battle of Boyne, no subjection of her people. no confiscation ot ber lands. A hair a century of bloody, expensive and worse than useless war originating in English hatred of tbe Catholic Church, would have been averted. Neither the Church of Englaud, nor the Church of Rome has been an aid to civilization and human progress. All experience shows that they are dead weights and encum ber rs ot human nature, yet Frnnce. in spite of her Catholicism, is, at this moment, freer and more prosperous than Great Britain or any other Nation of Europe. It is therefore, no Catho licism but English despotism that has reduced Ireland to her present state of poverty, ignorance and degradation. Indeed it is not too much to say that if for the last two or three centuries Ireland had been an independent State, or even a province of France, she would at this day have been in the enjoyment of a Government far more just and far more free than that ot England. She would not have been leas than a Repub lic like that of France or tbe United States, established by all the people for tbe protection of tbe rights of all. Almost fifty years before the settle ment of Pennsylvania by William l'enn. Maryland was settled by Lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic, under a charter granted by Charles the L The missionaries made peace arrangements with the Indian tribes occupying tbe Maryland territory so satisfactory that there was no war between them and the colonists. The established religion of tbe colonists was Roman Catholic, but all other sects were declared free to worship according to the dictates of conscience. On this free religious basis the colony was far more popular and prosperous than the Jamestown Colony that, under the Influence of tbe Church or Eng land, refused to tolerate dissenters, or the Puritan Colony that settled New England, at Plymouth, who, though themselves fugitives from persecution, fiercely persecuted the professors of every form of religion but their owr. Tbeir justification of religious persecu tion may be thus summarized: Resolved, CI) That the earth is the Lord's. Resolved, (2) That he has given it to his saints. Resolved, (3) That we are bis saints Against the heathen Indian tribes au exterminating war was waged, l hey bad no rights that tbe saints were bound to respect. Canada was settled by French Catho lics with but little war with the natives. and with slid less religious persecution of the non-confirming sects. Louisiana was also settled by French Catholics on a free religious basis, and without war with the Indians. With all these examples before him it is no wonder that William Fenn chose to ally himself with James 1 1 in bis contest with the Church of Eng land. Yet it was on account of the part be took in this great struggle that Macauley assailed his hitherto unspot ted fame and greatness. In order to appreciate Justly the character or Wil liam Fenn it will be necessary to deter mine what constitutes true worth or real greatness. Dr. Franklin tells us that he preferred a doer of good to every other character. No mau can tie truly great, however mighty may bo his deeds, who is not a doer of good. Alexander and Caeiar were not really great men. They deserve to be remem bered only as great and successful rub bers. Marlborough, Frederick, Wel lington and Napoleon should go dove to posterity w.th a like lufamous mem ory. Scarcely less Infamously great were most or the canonized heroes of Macauley. It may be well just to glance at a few of them. William, Prince of Orange, was of a cold, selfish temperament, and or a boundless ambi tion. He came over to help the Church of England depose James because it was the shortest, it not the only way to the British throne. He was a latltudi narlan in religion, and, personally. would have preferred that all religious tests should be abolished. This the bigotry of tbe established church and of most of tbe dissenting sects would not permit. He, therefore, without hesitation, chose to suppress his con science in order to gratify his ambition. When, alter the battle of Boyne, he bad reduced Ireland to the condition of a conquered province, be connscaUMl many millions of acres of land belong ing to those who had taken part against him. Of this land be illegally appro priated several thousands of acres to himself and to bis personal lrleuds. Another of Macmley's great berces occupying a high place In tbe temple cf fame, is Oliver Uromwell. lie over threw tbe tyrant Charles .1, and then ruled Englaud with a des;otIsin more absolute than ever Charles ha J dared to exercise. But it was a govern ment by and for Puritan Saints only. On all other sects Its despotic hand was heavily laid. After conquering Eng land, he waged a merciless war for the subjugation or Catholic Ireland. At tbe taking of Drozheda and some other cities, the victory was followed by a merciless massacre of the defenders. Neither Oliver Cromwell nor his saints saw anything wrong in this. Tiiey were rebellious Catholics, the enemies of God, who it was his will should bo destroyed. When the war was over. many mil ions ci acres or land were confiscated and taken from their Catho lic owners for the benefit of tbe con quering saints, l wo more ana two more only, or Aiacauieys great men must be mentioned, Clive and Hastings were Governor Generals of India. Tbey were among the bravest as web as most rapacious of men. They not, only built up British India, but they saved it from falling into the hands of the French. Well had it been for the native population bad India fal en Into the hands of tbe French. For under Clive and Hastings, British rule was characterized by a rapacious cruelly never before equalled in any civilized community. It is true that Macauley has severely condemned some of their most flagrantly criminal acts, but still asks us to look upon them as great men; as among the mightiest builders of British Empire. With such ideas of greatness, it could not be expected. that Macauley would have any just appreciation of the greatness of Tf ii liam Fenn. He could sae nothing very great in William Penn'i quiet way o: building up an Empire in Pennsylva nix There were no forts, no ships of war. with great kuna flaunting dsn- ... I ance, no soiaiers in osuie array to subjugate and rob the natives, or to repel foreign enemies, yet the building of a mightier Empire than British India, went steadily on. It was founded, not on war oppression aud robbery, but on justice, peace and equal liberty for all. But not alone as the founder of a great free Commonwealth. does me greatness of William Penn appear, but as an author he has proved himself a thinker of great thoughts. far in advance of that or even of the present age. As a wise moral leader in the great pathway of human life, his equal can not be found, either in an cient or modern times. Let those who doubt the justice of this judgment read bis maxims and farewell address to his wife and family. According to Macau ley, Milton, Shakespeare and John Bunyan are me greatest or modern authors, yet the reader will find but littln in them calculated to lift human natu re into a higher and nobler plane or life. Indeed, when the great thoughts of William Penn shall become generally crystallized Into acts, there will be a grander revolution In the world. A worse than usual hierarchy and aris tocracy will have passed away and ceased to rob the industrious workers of the fruits of their toll. Abeirliug priesthood would find Its occupation gone. There would be no use for lawyers, and all disputes, whether between nation i or individuals, would be settled by friendly arbitration, with little or no cost. The great mllleuium of human nature, so long an 1 vainly hoped for, would be realized. The specific charges brought by Macauley against William Penn have aiready been ably answered by Jauney, Dixou aud others. Most of them are unsustalned by any evidence that would be received in auy respecting court. But even if proved to ba true by the mo it unexceptional evidence, what do they amount to? To this only, that William Penn preferred the rule of James, by whom be and bis friends bad been relieved from persecution, to that of William and Mary, from whom, as fast bound to tbe Cburch of England, he tad nothing to hope for or expect. Neither James nor William was a ruler ufter bis own heart. But subseauent events most amply proved that it would have been far better, both for him and his colony, it James had continued tc occupy the throne of England. As a Friend, William Penn could not con scientiously bear arms; but, surely, the rno3t tender peace-conscience will not deny that behal the right to advise his friend, who believed in the right fulness ot war, to wage it in favor of justice and religious freedom. Just as William Lloyd Garrison, who could not conscientiously vote under a pro- slavery constitution, yet did not hesi. late to advise bis Anti-slavery friends, who felt it their duty to vote, to do it in such a manner as to exert the great est possible Influence against slavery. Macauley was a brilliant essayist: but can not be considered great in any high sense ot the word. During his whole life he was simply a liberal English Whig. He dared not go much beyond the bounds of the aristocracy which surrounded him. He bad no faith in a republican or a democratic form of government. He favored suffrage on the basis of a large property qualifica tion, not as an inherent right of man. He was wont to predict that the repub lic of the United States would not stand the test or time, but must fall to pieces when tbe population became dense. Had be been living during tbe war of tbe rebellion, hs would, no doubt, have been on the side of the Confederacy; aud if it had been suc cessful Jefferson Davis would have been placed with Cromwell, Clive and Hastings, along with bis other heroes of like character. In his essay on Sir William Temple, lie tells us that it was the purpose of Cromwell to exterminate the native Irish population of Ireland, and plainly intimates bis belief that it would have been better for both Ireland aud England, had tiiat purpose been consummated. In his contest with Mill and Betham, he uses all the sophis try he can command, not to relute, but "to perplex aud dash" the argu ments aud better judgment of his opponents In favor of a democratic form or government. He was a man ot almost baundless knowledge, yet there were many with far less learning who were better able than be to dis cern and appreciate truth. He some times seemed to lack that wisdom and Justice, without which the greatest learning "does but encumber whom l seems to enrich." In view of all these circumstances of Macauley's life, it will not seem strauge that he so little appreciated and so unjustly judged the character of William Penn. whosa whole life was an example or "obtain ing the noblest ends, only by the noblest means." and who practically demon strated that Plato's ideal republic could be made real. J. WlLLIASIS TllOUNE. Wanted: . Nat lonal Air. America is as yet unprovided with a national air possessing the breadth aud dignity worthy or a great country. There are several tunes that by force of association have been adopted in lieu of a melody worthy of the dignity. 'Hail Columbia' Is a weak and color less production. 'The Star Spangled Banner' is suggestive of a horse parade in a circus. 'My Maryland' Is an oil German air of do striking merit. M Country 'Tis of Thee is adapted to tl.e English national air 'God save the Q'ltea.' Then we have 'D.xie" an old negro tune; 'John Brown,' an old camp meeting effusion, and the inappropriate Yankee Doodle.' Tee time has now arrived for some of our native musicians to devote their bast energies to the production of au air thit shall be worthy of the occa sion, and typical of this great nation. Coincided With Papa. It is relate 1 of a clergyman who wa: tbe happy father of a charming and beautiful daughter, that one day while preparing his Sunday discourse he was suddenly called away from his desk on a mission of mercy. So Imperative wa the summons that he left unfinished this sentence: I never see a young man ot splendid physique, and tbe promise of a glorious manhood almost realized, but ray heart is filled with rapture and delight.' Ilia dauirhtr. haoneniuir in the attid v saw the sermon and read the words. Sitting down, she wrote underneath: Them's my sentiments, papa, ex- actly." Soke of Mr. Gladstone's tenanU having been evicted, W. IL Gladstout llses to explain that tbey deserved to U put out, being hopelessly in arrears with flourish gay Paris will indeed be revo thelr rent. Some of the Irish landlords lutlonlzed. could doubtless make tbe same ex plana-; When trained in the way you should tion, but it depends very much on whose go so ahead, ball Is gored bow such thing are viewed. NEAVS IN 1MUEF. Population of five cities, according to the Chicago Herald: New York, 1.CS5..V29; Philadelphia, 1.014. 332 Chicago, 802,000; Brooklyn, 732,221 St. Louis. 500,000. The Rev. Anthony Sweasson, ot Detroit, is the first Swede to become Roman Catholic priest since tbe Refor mation. Out of a population of 0 000.. 000. Swede u has ouly 2,000 Roman Catholics. The greatest emigratlou society at present is the Argentine Republic. It will spend this year 15.000,1100 to bring immigrants from the north ot Europ-e. Ships from England, Holland aud France are taking them over In thousands. Bismarck's famous dog, the Reichshund or Realm dog, which died recently at the age of 13. was an unus ually large slate-colored Danish boar bound called Tyras. Bismarck pot bis first Dauish hound when he was 17, and has had oue ever since. In Cocauionga. Cal., a prety serv ant girl has captured a millionaire aged 79 and named Daniel Hamilton. He has four children, thirteen grand children and one great-grandchild, and all objected to tbe marriage, but could not stop it. The growth of the Grant inonu ment fund is new so slow as scarcely to be a growth at all. Fitful contribu tions of a few dollars are received now and then, but practically the collection of funds for this purpose has ceased. The ?few Orleans Creole woman's exchange is now an accomplished fact, and the early stages of lt career are apparently most auspicious. Every sort of woman's work will be handled, and home-made articles will, of course, be the special feature of the sale de partment. It has hitherto been the rule in Japan that all persons visiting Govern mental ofiices must alight from their horses or vehicles at the outer gate, unless they were of certain rank. Tim relic of feudal times has now been abolished. Every Japanese is now at liberty to go where be pleases on foot. President Cleveland will return to the State of New York to reside on the expiration of his term of office, and will, on March 5, resume the practice o:' his piofession in New York city, having associated himself as counsel with the law firm of Bangs, Stetson. Tracy V. MacVeagh. Tbe coniietllion among Western cities as to where "the center of culture in the West" Khould be has beome quite sharp. Chicago has b -en loudest in Its claims, but Cleveland, Ohio, is now pushing to the front with a great university project which shall dissemi nate "universal knowledge" and make Cleveland "the Athens of the West." A St. Paul paper says there Is a paper published by tbe convicts in the penitentiary at Stillwater, Minn., entitled the Prison Mirror. One of the last oflicial acts or Governor McGill, of Minnesota, was to pardon a convict named Voorhies, who was editing the i'rtVn Mirror, and he Is said to have been the fourth managing editor of tbe patter thus pardoned. Since the Boulanger election the peddlers of Paris have been selling dainty-looking little pies, wrapped in piuk paper, each one bearing the fol lowing inscription: "Souvenir of the election of January 27. The Boulanger question. What he promises us. 0en and see what he gives. "The sale of the pies was immense till the buyers discov ered that they had been cruelly de ceived, for under the tempting exterior was bidden nothing but hay. Following on the heels of the "mental-culture" and "dress-reform" movements, there comes another the physical-training fad. The effort to bring forth physical as well as mental perfection has led even the Boston girl to put away ber eyeglasses and corsets, and 8)end ber afternoons in the arduous confines of the gymnasium. Proprietors of gymnasia li'J setting apart days for tbe exclusive attendance or women, and lu New York there are gymnastic academies which are never profaned by masculine presence, The twenty-two missionary socie ties in the United Slates managed by women, and whose supiiort comes from women, support 7.1 missionaries, last year contributed $1,038,25:1, and since their orcanlzatious have contributed $10,333,121. The forces tf Great Britain, continental Euroi aud the United States have annual Income $9.396,000, man and equip 9,oo0 stations: support 5,4 il missionaries; have the assistance of 32,015 native helpers, and mission churches that have 5K8.974 communicants and 1,876,655 adherents. The Re Umber to. lately launched for the Italian Government, is one of the largest war vessels In the world, her displacement being 13.208 tons, or 1,353 tons more than the Trafalgar or the Nile. She is 4t0 feet long by 76 feet 9 Inches broad, and draws 29 feet of water. The armor on her barbettes is 19 inches thick, and nhe is fitted with a 3-Inch steel pro tective deck as well. Her main armament will be four 104-ton guns and twelve of 4j tons, while ber engines are expected to give a speed of IS knots. A laie fad is a boarding house wbeie young women are given instruc tions in entering and getting out ot a carriage. "A vehicle with the proper pedal arrangements for this sort of ex ercise, which determines a lady's breed ing and claim to social position, is kept In the back yard or tbe educational establishment, and the carriage classes are put through the most arduous training." Another accomplishment peculiar to this institution is the acquit ition of the art of eating oranges, grapes, and other juicy viands. The French women are proverbial for turning tbeir days into nights, and rice versa, and it is but recei tly that a few fashionable Parisiennes have awakened to the fact that tbey sleep away the beet part of their lives. It is among them, therefore, that au early-rising association has been formed, called "La Ligne du Matin," the members signing papers to the effect that, except in case of illi I the will arise daily at 7 A. M.. illness. aud after a dip In tbe cold bath take a brisk walk or, if a horsewoman, a short canter. Tbey promise, further, to end their balls and receptions by mid night, and on "off" nights to retire punctually at 11. Should this society ! i ,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers