,-.s-.rv--- r . to fa 4 I.? 11 I V- 1 B. F. SCHWEIER, THE 005STITUTIOI THE UHIOH AID THE EffTOECEMHJT OF THE LAWS. Editor and Proprietor. VOL. XXXII. MIFFLINTOWN, JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1878. NO. 41. WHAT MIKES A NOBLEMAN? I deem tbe nu ft nobleman Wbo acta a noble part. Who sbowa alike by word and deed, He bath a true man's heart, Wbo Uvea not for himself alone. Nor joins the selfish few ; lint prizes mors than all things else, Tbe good that he can do. I deem the man a nobleman Wbo stands up for the rij-ht. And in the work of chanty. Finds pleasure and delight; Wbo bears tbe stamp of manliness Upon his open brow. And never yet was known to do An action mean and low. I deem the man a nobleman Wbo strives to aid tbe weak ; And sooner than revenue a wrong. Would kind forgiveness speak ; Wbo sees a brother in all men. From peasant nnto king ; let would not crush the meanest worm. Nor harm the weakest thing. I deem the man a nobleman Yea ! noblest of bis kind; Wbo shows by moral excellence. His purity of mind : Who lives alike through good and ill Tbe firm unflinching man ; Who loves the cause of brotherhood. And aids it all he can. Unjustly Condemned. On the 13th of January, Wl, the people of Moscow, in Russia, were startled by the news that Count Adolph Xostikoff, a young nobleman, and the prospective heir of vast estates in the central part of the empire, hail been found murdered, shortly after day break, near a small garden bouse be longing to the country seat of Voleslar Staniroy, a wealthy merchant of Mos cow. The unfortunate -oung gentleman had evidently been stablied to death in the garden house itself, for not only had his warm life blood stained Us walls and floor, and the tell-tale crim son jtHit led all across the snow to the outer gate of the garden, where lie had sunk to the ground and expired but there was also found in the garden house a small pointed knife, the blade of w hich was blood-stained. It was evidently the instrument with which the startling deed had been committed. The police authorities were speedily on the spot, and so were the relativesof the murdered man. In the pockets of the Count XostikofTs coat were found two crumpled notts signed "Alida," and threatening him with the direst conse quences in case he should not surren der certain letters. Jtwasat once as certained that these two notes hadlieen written by Alida, the young daughter of the proprietor of the country seat, Voleslar Staniroy. She was sent for .and became intense ly agitated Um Iteholding the stiff, frozen corpse of the count. Are these notes in your handwri ting '?" asked the highest of the police officers present. "They are," she replied, iu a feeble voice. "When did you see the deceased last?" "About 8 o'clock last night," she an swered, blushing to the roots of her hair. "Where was that?" "In the garden house," she whis pered, almost inaudibly. "IK you know this knife ?"dcuiauded the officer, exhibiting to her the blood stained knife.' Alida Staniroy cast a wild glance up on it; then she uttered a shriek and fainted away. Her father, who caught her in his arms, murmured iu despair: "It is my daughter's knife!" When the young girl had been re stored to consciousness, she succeeded, by a remarkable effort, in regaining her presence of mind. "This is certainly my knife," she said, rapidly, "nor do I deny I wrote these notes to Count Xostikoff and met him at the garden house last night, but I swear most solemnly that he and I parted company without any ill-feeling towards one another, and that I had nothing whatever to do with the assas sination." As she uttered these words the beau tiful girl laid her bauds upon the cold corpse, and then, lifting her eyes up to heaven, exclaimed, in a thrilling lone: "Adolph, my. slain lover, couldst thou but speak, thou wouldst at once testify to my innocence of thy murder! This was very impressive, but It did not convince either the officers or the friends of the deceased. The former took Alida, whose firm iess seemed almost wonderful under the circumstances, to the parlor of her father's house, and summoned thither the other inmates ol the latter. Among them were the coachman, Ivan Duli zurok, and Alida'g French maid, Marie Verin. This maid was a prepossessing young woman of twenty-five, and endowed with the most insinuating manners. She seemed to watch the proceedings with the most painful anxiety, and re peatedly spoke words of encourage ment to M'lle. Alida. The latter w as asked to state what her relations to the deceased had been. She answered frankly but modestly : "Count Adolph had, for two years, been my sacred lover. This was well known to my father, who disapproved of it, because he said the count was a bad man. I asserted the contrary, and frequently had altercations with my father on the subject. On the day be fore yesterday, my father told me I had almost every night interviews with Count Adolph it the garden house, and that he would put a stop to this inter course. and that lie would prove to me that the count was utterly unworthy of uiy love. He made me promise to abandon my lover if he should adduce sufficient convincing proofs U the above effect. I agreed to this." "Did your father furnish any such proofs?" inquired the officer. Alida hesitated a moment! Then she said slowly: "I took them as such at first." "What did they reler to?" "I refuse to answer that question !" she said, firmly. "You must answer it!" rejoined the oincer. "1 shall keep silence even though m silence should lead me to the seaffold." The officer waived the question, and then told her to proceed with the rest oi tier narrative. "What my father told me," she con tinued, "I am free to confess filled me with intense indignation against my lover. I wrote to him those two notes. insisting iijmhi the return of all the let ters I had written hi in. In renlv he solicited an interview with me at the garden house. I consented to meet him there. He arrived between 7 and 8 o'clock in the evening. Our interview was long, and at first, quite stormy. However, his protestations of love, and what he said besides, overcame my in dignation. I finally promised to re main true to him, and we parted in the most affectionate a-anner." "But how do you account for this knife of yours being found in the gar den house under such suspicious cir cumstances?" asked the examining of ficer. "I am utterly at a loss to under stand how it got there, I generally kept it on the writing desk in my bou doir. It is horrible beyond expression to think that this knife of mine should have been used for s.) fearful a purpose. I am utterly bewildered about it." Her language and mien were appar ently those of a jicrson tellsng the truth. But what about all the suspi cious circumstances which certainly poiuted to her as the Count's murder ess. Her father was next examined. jje confirmed all his daughter had said about her altercation with him in re gard to Count Xostikort, but he, too, re fused to reveal the charges he had pre ferred against the loer's character. Then Ivan Dulizurok, the coachman, was called up. "I knew the count very well," said he, "in effect, I carried Mile. Alida's notes to him, and brought back his an swers. I gave him those two notes and he gave me another in which, as he told me, he begged her to meet him at the garden house." "How came he to make such a confi dant of you?" "Because I watched frequently w hen they were in the garden house, so that no one disturbed them." "Iid you see him last night?" "I did." "Together w ith M'lle. Alida?" "Yes ; she had told me to watch and prevent any one'coniing near them." "Did any one come?" "Yes, Marie Verin, Mademoiselle Alida's maid." "Did you speak to Marie Verin?" "Yes. I caugjt her stealing up to l lie garden house. I asked her what she was doing there. She answered that master had sent her out to watch his daughter. She became very angry, and threatened that M. Staniroy would have me flogged if I Interfered w ith her. This frightened me and I ran back into the house." The French maid in her testimony made some startling disclosures. She answered the questions of the examin ing officer at first with seeming reluct ance, and did not become a more wil ling witness until she had been threat ened with severe puuishment. Then she said, with a very glib tongue : "Well, as I cannot help it, I will tell all I know, although I am very sorry for M'lle. Alida. M. Staniroy asked me last night to watch the garden house, as I had often done at his re quest. About 8 o'clock I saw the count enter the garden house, where he was shortly after joined by M'lle. Alida. I could hear distinctly what they said. MTle. Alida called him a perfidious villain, and said she. had thought of murdering him. He begged her to calm herself, but she seemed to work herself into a perfect frenzy, and then ( heard him utter a low cry, and say, 'Alida, how could you do this?' At that moment I was interrupted by Ivan Dulizurok. with whom I had words. Not desiring to quarrel with the fellow any more. I returned to my room and went to bed." "You did not hear or see M'll. Alida return to the h -se ?" "Xo; I was awake a good while yet, but did not hear her." "Did you communicate what you heard and saw to M. Staniroy?" "Xo; he was not at home." Things began to look very black for Alida Staniroy. Her father broke into loud lamentation. She herself remained calm. "1 did not know," she said, with a disdainful glance at her French maid, "that Marie Verin was acting the spy towards me. But I must say that all she said about my interview w ith count Adolph is true, except that the count did not use the words : 'How could you do this?' Alll can do is to reiterate the protestation ot my perfect inno cence of this foul murder, no matter how suspicious everything may look for me." All this was very sad, but w hat were the officers to do but to take the young lady to jail on a charge of murder? Al ida accompanied them willingly. Her fortitude excited the surprise and ad miration even of her jailers. The affair created naturally the most profound sensation in the ancient capi tal of the czars. For a week no one spoke about anything else. Notwith standing the seemingly overwhelming circumstantial evidence against Alida Staniroy. opinion was greatly divided on the subject; and among those who doubted her guilt, none were more out spoken than those who were acquain tea with her and her murdered lover. The latter character had been none of the best. Alida Staniroy, on the other hand, was known as a superior woman, endowed with a good heart and splen did intellect. She was by no means an impulsive creature, and there was no apparent motive for Ler committing so heinous a crime. The supposition that Count Xostikoff had committed suicide was refuted by the nature and position of his wouuds. The trial came off on March 22, 1871, and notwithstanding the efforts made by the eminent counsel of the fair pris oner, the court found her guilty, and sent her to perpetual banishment to Siberia. There was a heart-rending scene in court as this terrible sentence was pronounced. Alida's father flung himself on the floor in a paroxysm of despair, tearing his gray hair and -ut tering the most piteous cries. The daughter turned pale, but said in a firm voice: "Innocently con demned !" Well, she was sent on to Irutsk, whither her father accompanied her, and nothing was heard from them un til quite recently an event occurred which put an eutirely different face upon the sombre affair. On the 19th of Xovember, 1873, there appeared before the chief of police of Moscow a young woman rather flash ily dressed, and bearing in her face a troubled and careworn expression. It was Marie Verin, formerly the maid of Alida Staniroy, and the princi pal witness against her at her trial for the murder of Count Adolph Xostikoff. She had evidently gone to the bad, and, indeed, had become, since the convic tion of her mistress, the inmate of a house of ill-fan.e in Moscow. She told the astonished dignatary the following shocking tale: "M'lle. Alida told the truth. She did not murder Count Xostikoff; I killed hi'u myself. After leaving the coachman in the garden, I went to M'lle. Alida's boudoir in order to get a shawl, because it was very cold in the garden. I saw her knife ou her wri ting desk, and took it with me for pro tection in case the coachman should meet me again in the garden and insult me. Then I went back to the garden, but I did not find anybody there. At the garden house Count Xostikoff, who was just going to leave the place caught sight of me. lie hastened towards me, and before I w as able to resist, dragged me into the garden house. There he tried at once to do violence to me. I struggled as best I could, but no one heard my cries. He was very strong, my dress was torn, my strength was aboi.t giving way, and then I drew the knife and struck him twice with it. He staggered hack with a cry, and I fled hurriedly back to the house. My re morse since M'lle. Alida's conviction has been intense. I have led a wretch ed life ever since. I hope God will forgive me." After investigating the ca.e again very carefully, the criminal authori ties came to the conclusion that Marie Veriu told the truth. The matter was communicated to the emperor, who im mediately pardoned Alida Stauiroy. Strategy. The keeer of a lager beer saloon in Rochester, X. Y., was the other night put to his wit's ends to keep up tho well-earned reputation of the establish ment for good order. Two young men entered arm-in-arm, their noisy manner bowing that they hadbeen drinking too much. Approaching the pair, Mr. R. shook hands with each of them and said, "See here, John, will you please excuse me for a moment, I want to talk with Jake." John consented and Jake and Mr. K. retired to a short distance from him, when Mr. Readdressing Jake, said, "See here, now, Jake, you are a gen tleman and a friend of mine; now, John is a little 'off" to-night and you see the style of people here, and won't you do me a favor by taking him home?" Jake replied, "Mr. R., John is ugly some times, and he might get angry with me if I propose to him to go home before we get some beer. K. then said, "Oh, well, I will fix that all right ; ycu stay right here, and I will go and see John." Going to where John was standing. Mr. R. said. "John, you are a gentleman and a friend of mine, Jake is a little 'off" to-night, and won't .you do me a great favor by taking him home?" John straightened himself up and said, "Mr. R., you are right; I'll do it." Mr. R. then said, "Then go ahead, and call to see me again." The two friends then approached each other, each of them persuading the other to go home, and left together, each happy in the thought that he was doing a great kindness to his companion. Fearl Fishing on Ceylon. Xo sum of money, however large, no temptation held out would be sufficient lystrong induce thedi vers todescend into the ocean unless two shark charmers were present, who, as they believe, by means of their charms and potent spells, can prevent the finny mousters of the deep from injuring the pearl seekers. One of these im posters goes out in the pilot's boat, and remains at the head of it, muttering a prescribed form of in cantation as each man descends to brave the perils of the vasty deep. The other shark charmer remains on shore, where he is shut up in a room in a state of nu dity till the boat returns with the di vers. A large brazen bowl is left with him, filled with water, in which are placed two silver fishes, and it is affirmed that the moment a shark appears in the vicinity of the divers, these fishes agi tate the water, and if an accident is about to happen one fish will bite the other. When he perceives such indica tions, the charmer immediately " blinds the shark " with a potent spell, and thus compels tbe creature to abstain from in juring tbe divers. These shark charm ers reap an abundant harvest during the fishery, as tbe natives believe that unless they are liberally remunerated they will exert their powerful spells to make the sharks injure them, instead of compelling the monsters to remain quiet until the pearl fishery is over. It is rather singular that, although sharks are frequently seen by the divers, an accident rarely happens, and number less fisheries have taken place without a single avoidant ooeurring. Important Tie of Natural Gas. The petroleum product of Pennsylva nia now readies the fabulous sum of eighty millions of dollars per year, while the exportation runs to about sixty millions. Until recently, or at least within a few years, but little use has been made of the natural gas w hich has discharged into either the open air or been burned in huge torch lights through the oil regions. In Beaver Falls, a manufacturing town of con siderable note, located about thirty miles west of Pittsburg on the Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, one well was put down about sixteen years ago for oil, and struck gas at about 1,100 feet in depth, whence it poured continuously until about two years ago. when it was leased, cased up, and brought into use. This induced the Harmony Society to put down more wells in different locali ties, all of which give out liberal sup plies, some as high as one hundred thousand feet every twenty-four hours, which is now being used in nearly eve ry manufacturing establishment in the tow n. About one-half of the gas used for lighting the town conies from these wells; it is also used under the gas re torts for heating (five in number). The large cutlery works use it in 49 heating furnaces; the hinge works, in three large heating furnaces; the pottery works, in two large kilns and two very large furnaces for drying ware; the shovel works, in one large heating fur nace ; the file works, in seven large an nealing furnaces: the saw works, in one very large heating furnace, 14 feet long by 11 yt feet wide, which is run to a very high heat. It is also used in one forging furnace. Two drying kilns for seasoning lumber use it. Audit is also introduced into dwelling houses, heat ing furnaces, and stoves and cooking stoves, and is exclusively used direct from the wells for lighting one large dwelling. Other wells are now going down, and everything indicates the ex clusive use of the gas for all heating, illuminating, and manufacturing pur poses. Its value is really incalulable in working steel. It is said to be fully equal to charcoal, if not superior, there being no base substance like sulphur or other matters so damaging to its quality. A remarkable feature about it is, that men work right along in a room filled with it, take it freely into their lungs in short, breathe it as they do air; and it apptars rather healthful than other wise, w bile manufactured gas is actu ally dangerous to inhale. The flame is clear white and gives an intense heat with very little smoke. There seems no diminution in the supply, but the gas is in all probability being constantly produced down deep in the earth. Hunting- the Hippopotamus. The Sclmumaiui-Kciche party took twenty llomraiis with t!iem last Sep tember, and pushed on to the region of the Atbara the Setith, and the Salam rivers, tributaries of the Xile. When ever they met a native they inquired about the Assints, the native name for the liipMotamus. Whenever they were told that males and solitary females were in the "tools near by the party pushed on. They w ere of no use to the hunters except for flesh meat for the natives. The meat is similar to beef, and without any disagreeable flavor, but the party were looking for females in company with young ones. They saw niiny hippos in the rivers, either swimming in the centre or wading in the reeds near the shores, feeding on the reeds or on the roots of the same, digging for them with their large pro tuding horu. In the night they were seen going into the woods, where they feed on the young and tender leaves of the trees, or their tracks were found where they had come up out of the water on their way to tbe fields of corn or dhurra, cultivated by the X'ubians near their hut towns. The paths made by the hippo when coming out of the water is a longitudinal groove, w ith holes at the sides one foot ami a half deep and about a foot in diameter. The holes are the impression of the clumy feet of the beast, the groove of its slid ing belly. But while the hunters saw the hippos at a distance and tracked them almost every day, it w as found very difficult to attack one. They once watched a female hippo three weeks but so wary was the creature that, knowing it was watched, it evaded the hunters in the adroitest manner, leaving no trace when it came out of the water, and keeping quiet with its baby w hen in the bushes. At last a Homran got within ten paces of the animal as it showed Its back above the water of the river. He threw a hippo lance into it, and then the sport began. The hippo lance, or harpoon is composed of soft steel, and falls out of the groove as soon as the instrument has jwnetrated the skin of the hippo and the animal moves, but a long rope fastened in holes in the harpoon below the grapnal hook is held in the hunter's hand, and allowed to run out of the coil to its full length of twenty-five feet or more. At the other end of the rope is a piece of ambatch wood lighter than cork the lightest of all known substances in fact and this floats on the water when all of the rope is outof the hunter's hand In the frantic gyrations and racings up and down the river of the wounded hippo. All this took place quicker than it takes to tell the story. When the female hippo was wounded by the Homran hunter of the Reicbe porty. The old hippo first dash ed into the water, but soon rose to tbe surface, and the Homrans pursued It with harpoons and the Germans with elephant guns. When the hippo was fired at it first it tried to escape, but a large ball striking against the softer part of the skull, it became infuriated, seemed to lose all sense of danger, rushed up the bank out of the river, attacked a Homran, tearing a piece of flesh out of his thigh with its great pro tuding teeth, and would have killed Schau-nann, who bad fired the ball, if the Homrans had not closed around it and despatched It with their swords. But when the Homrans hunt the hippo alone they do not use firearms at all When the animal makes off with the block of ambatch wood they patiently watch it for about an hour. Then they jump into the water (they never wear any clothes on a hunt), and try to get the block. They swim like fish, dart ing hundreds of yards under water, and fearless of the crocodiles they pursue the wounded hippo guided by the am batch block, and seizing the rope by the block they drag the animal near the shore and if it rises to the surface give it another dose of harpoons. When the hippo keeps iu the middle of the stream where, although the ambatch could be reached by swimming, it could not be worked with sufficient force for want of leverage, the Homrai.s fasten two ropes across the river, oue slack and the other tight. These catch the ambatch and hold it until the Homrans lasso it from the shore and dragthe animal in this way to the land. Schanmann says the Homrans are such expert sw immers they will keep near the harpooned hippo following the ambatch ; and he has seen more than oue jump up on the back of the animal, catch weapons thrown by theiu on shore, and inflict deep wounds with them into the bodyot the strug gling creature. The hippos are much more afraid of a man ou foot than of one or many on horseback. They will attack a horse sooner than they will a man. The Reiche party, with their Homrans had more luck this year in their hunt than they ever had before, bringing back 102 animals and birds from the hunting groundsof the Xile tributaries, besides many more which they killed, eating some and leaving others to be eaten by the natives or other animals. On the way back they killed many crocodiles, and iu the stomach of one large bull crocodile, about fifteen feet feet long, they found a young hippo. Considering that the you ng hippos calv ed some years ago in London weighed 99 'j pounds each one day after birth, that crocodile must have had a severe job gulping down that calf hippo in Africa. It was not cut or chewed, but simply pressed dow n into the stomach of the crocodile. When the bunting party begins to move back the hippos and other young and the dangerous animals are placed in strong wooden boxes, perforated with holes, and are carried by camels. The camels go single file one after the other, with long bars running from the sides of each camel, and fastened to the saddle of the one in front and to the saddle of the camel in the rear. The boxes in which the animals are then en closed are put on the bars and fastened securely in the middle between the two camels. Besides the captured animals the party had to transiort from the Homran ci untry 80 or 90 goats, to fur nish milk to the young ones. It takes the milk of 23 goats for one baby hippo. The hunters brought several dozen goats with them all the way trom (he country of the Homrans to Marseilles, in France, but as the railroad company there charged 43 francs apiece for transporta tion of the gouts through France, they sold them iu Marseilles for 10 francs apiece, and fed the young animals from that 'iuie forth on cows milk and eggs. That is the diet at present of the young hippos that live in the large tank in the Aquarium where the whale first and the seals afterwards made their home before these odd strangers from Africa came to be the nine days wonder of young X'ew Yorkers. Poisoned Spears Mr. Layard, in a letter from the Xew Hebrides, a group of islands north of Australia belonging to the Praguan group, w hose inhabitants are extremely savage and think nothing of making a meal of a missionary, thus describes the dreadful poisoned spears of these islanders, made with long carved points of human bones. These points are made from the leg-bones of either friend or enemy, a thigh-bone being split into four point, while a shin-bone suffices for only two. The natives are very particular about the selection of them. They sav that the bone of a person under twenty are too weak and spongy. From twenty to forty they are at their best. After that age they become too brittle. Some spears have as many as two hundred and fifty points and splin ters fastened on them three or four vastly exceeding the others in size, being in fact the main points. A frag ment of one of these remaining in a wound is almost sure to produce fatal results, as the cellular structure of the bone, is, of course, impregnated with the virus of the body that has decayed around it. They are used for arrows, also, barbed for the purpose of being fixed in the wound, long enough for the poison to mingle with the blood. Naughty Papa. About noon lately, a portly, digni fied gentleman chanced to meet his daughter, a handsome, stylish little miss, wearing a jaunty velvet hat, and with her hair rolled up in the shape of a Vienna bun, sauntering down Vine street under the escort of a young man dressed with excruciating scrupulous ness and exceeding t&ste. The old gentleman stopped his daughter, and without noticing the confusion their meeting threw her into, commenced to talk about the weather, her shopping, etc. She listened dutifully a moment or two, and then remarked, referring to her escort, "Papa, this is Mr. ." Papa, however, paid no attention to the young man, but kept on talking. Again she said, "Papa, you didn't hear me ; this is Mr. ." Yes, yes, my girl, I heard you," said the old gentleman, with an impa tient wave of the hand. "I heard you, and I don't care to know Mr. ." Tbe immediate departure of that young man in a very shrunken up con dition was one of the funniest sights of the day. England's crop of w heat is rated at 11,500,000 quarters, leaving 13.000,000 quarters, or 104,000,000 bushels to be Imported. The first successful attempt to as cend Mount Blane on the Italian side was recently made by four Member of the Italian Alpine Club. Foods. The two great duties which food has to perform in the system are to maintain the heat in the body and to supply ma terial for its growth aud renewal Hence foods are divided by writers on the subject into carbonaceous or heat producers. and nitrogeneous or muscle-makers. This division, how ever, is arbitrary and of only partial application, since nearly all carbona ceous foods contain nitrogen, and nearly all nitrogeneous foods contain carbon. In lean beef, which ranks with nitrogeneous foods, there is more or less fat or carbon, and in vegetables richest in nitrogen, as beans, peas, cab bage and onions, there are sugar and starch. So that all foods are more or less nitrogeneous, all foods are more or less carbonaceous, and those terms are used with relation to food simply to in dicate what quality they possess in the greater degree. The chief function of the three carbonaceous foods sugar, fat and starch is to keep up the ani mal heat, and if more of these sub stances is used than is necessary for the purpose, it is stored up in the body and produces corpulence. Hence all foods containing large proportions of these elements must be avoided by those who do not wish to increase their weight. In the potato, for example, the composition is, for every huudred parts, water 75, nitrogen, 3.1, starch 18 8, sugar 3.2, fat 0.2, salts, 0.7. It will be seen that the proportion of starch is nine times as great as that of nitrogen, and the sugar also ex ceeds the nitrogen. Wheat flour con tains 100 parts, water, 10.7. phosphates 0.96, nitrogen, 2.4, albuminoids, 15.4, starch, 6s.4, cellulose, 9.8. Wheat flour, therefore, contains more wheat in proportion than potato does, but the conversion of a large part of the starch into dextrine by toasting bread neutral izes in a degree, its fat producing qual ity. Then, as four-fifths of all we eat supports respiration, there must of ne cessity be in our food four times as much carbon as there is nitrogen. The wheat alone will supply this suffi ciently for persons lending to fatness, so that the starch iu the potato is sur plus, and should, therefore, be de clined. In new milk, though the con stituents vary with the kind and quan tity of food given t the producer of the milk there are in every hundred parts, water, SO, nitrogeneous matter,. 5.5, sugar, 3.8, fat, 3.5., salts 0.GG. So add ing the fat and sugar together, they exceed the nitrogeneous matter, ami hence milk ranks among the carbona ceous foods. But from the lime it con tains, milk is the growing food, and better lor children than any other food, since its constituents are blended in just the proportions required by the growing child. Milk is also very grate ful to men and women of large osseous deve.opmeiits w ho are not inclined to corpuleuce, while small-boned and plump ersous complain that it makes them "bilious." An esrz wciirhina 1?A ouiiies contains 15.23 per cent, ol carbon and two per cent, of nitrogen. In the classification referred to, egir would rank with carbonaceous foods. but they are so rich iu the various salts required by the body, that they are permitted, even in the diet of cor pulent people. Ou the scale of nutri tion beef has always been regarded as the kind of flesh which gives the best nutriment to the eater, while mutton and poultry are softer in texture and more delicate in flavor. Fish is richer in phosphorus than flesh, but on the whole less nutritious. It is recom mended, however, that fish form a part of one meal every day. Xext to fi?h iu nutritive qualities, eggs deserve men tion, and then comes caseine or curd, which is strained from milk, but exists also in seeds, as peas, beans, almonds. Of all vegetables, peas and beans rank highest iu nutritive qualities, as they contain from twenty-three to twenty- five per cent, of nitrogeneous matter. Of the grains, oats are richest in nitro gen; w heat conies next, and then, in order, maize, millet, rye, barley and rice, the latter being the least nutri tious seed in extensive use. Fruits are nutritious to a greater or less degree, but are valuable chiefly for their flavors, the relish which they give to food, the acids which they contain which pro mote digestion, and the various salts which render them peculiarly grateful, not to the palate alone but to the whole body. It is impossible in the space at command to do more than outline the subject. What has been said is in tended to answer inquiries already made and to stimulate research in those who read. In the preparation of this article Edward Smith's book on " Foods," which is a volume in the In ternational Science Series, has been consulted, also Pereira on " Food and Diet," and also the articles on various kindred topics in the cyclopaedias. To these we refer those who wish to pursue these inquiries further. In all these books the chemical composition of arti cles treated of is given, and there are tables showing comparative values of foods with respect to their power to produce heat in the body, to promote its growth, aud to restore its wasted tissues. The True Cinderella. In true Cinderella history there are no fairy god-mothers, no mice and no pumpkins. A wise old eagle takes all the management of the slipper, and we call in fancy see him carrying it over the silver sands and dark pyramids of Egypt, without greatly taxing our be lief. Rodolphe a pretty name, to begin with was the fairest lady in ail Egypt. She bad a dainty foot, an j wore jeweled slippers, and all the people gazed upon her with delight when she walked as though she were a goddess or a fairy. She went out to bathe one day among the white lilies of the Xile. While she and her maids were sporting in the water, a great shadow passed over them, and they saw an eagle alight on the bank where their clothes had been left. Presently it arose with something in it talons,and wheeling through the golden hazes, became a speck in the clear sky When Rodolphe came up the bank, she found that one of her jewelled slip pers had been carried away, aud she said to her maids. " The eagle has taken it. And the maids said, " Then it will bring you luck. The eagle is a bird of good omen." So Rodolphe hobbled home with a light heart, one of her slipperless feet crushing the lotns blossoms. Her maids laughed at her, but she said, " It is good luck, for an eagle has taken it." Far away up tbe Xile lay Memphis, with her bright-winged temples and palaces; a city seventeen miles in cir cuit, the seat of the Pharoahs for nearly a thousand years, at this time the capi tal of Egypt. Here were the splendid temples of Isis, Serapis, and of the Sun, and the throne was then filled with a Pharaoh who had overthrown eleven other Egyptian kings. His name was Psammeticus. His son. the Pharaoh Xecho, slew Josiah, king of Judah, B.C. 610. He w as sitting in a cool portico of his palace toward evening. The crimson sun was blazing low on the hot sands of the desert, but cool winds tripped with light feet along the dimplng waves of the X'ile, and fanned the king as they passed. He arose, walked into an open court, when a great shadow passed above him. He looked up, and beheld with de light and awe an eagle descending, and wheeling above his head, with some thing sparkling in his talons. He looked upon the bird as a messenger from the un. He lifted his arms for joy. Just then the eagle began to ascend, dropping the glittering treasure from his talons into his bosom. It was Rodolphe's jewelled slipper. The next day Psammeticus issued a proclamation which caused all Mem phis to wouder. Whoever would find the mate to the jewelled sliper, which the eagle had brought to the palace, should be loaded with riches, and taken into the service of the king. Rodolphe heard the great news. She believe that the eagle was indeed a messenger of the gods to point out her destiny. So she came to magnifi cent Memphis to answer the proclama tion of the king. With one slipperless foot she ascended the grand porticoes of the Pharaohs, and stood before the king with downcast eyes, lifting her drsss just above her dainty feet a per- lect vision of beauty. Of course Psam meticus immediately fell in love with her, and married her, and made her queen of all Egypt. There was great joy in all the dazzling temples of Memphis when the marriage was consummated there was dancing did music, and strewing of flowers. All Egypt was happy. How a Chrrk was Cashed. It wouldn't do for some of the de faulting bank cashiers to live out in Kansas City, Mo. There is a policeman out there known as Long John. He belongs to one of the oldest and most respectable families, but he was a way ward youth, aud got away with his share of the estate .early in life. Then with commendable pluck he got on the force, straightened up, and has been a faithful and temperate man ever since. As often as he drew his pay he went to a certain bank and deposited whatever he could save. He continued this fru gal way of living until he had saved about $700. Xot long ago when one of the solid institutions of the Chicago of the West went down, and the "bosses" of the Institution were "regretting" in tears to their enniless depositors, Long John walked up to the President and said : "Look here ; when I was a wild boy you used to talk to me about saving money. You told me to follow your example. When I ran through my part ot the estate you got me on the police force. You told me to put what money 1 could in the bank. I did it. I worked hard as a nigger, and saved II I could. Xow I am as poor as when I commenced. And you have nothing, you say, to pay me. I want my money. The great bankrupt banker placed his hands on Long John's shoulder and spoke to him sadly: "My boy, this is a great tribulation. I have lost every thing and I cannot" Long John took the hand of the banker from .his shoulder and said : "I lon't want any crocodile tears from you. Every cent I put in your hand I work ed for like a nigger, and you know it. I would sooner be dead than lose if Xow if you don't pay me that money I will blow your brains out here on the pot." And he placed a revolver against the banker's head. In ten minutes Long John had bis $700 and the great penniless banker was begging him not to give it away lest the example might be repeated. Iso Water. Five gallons of ice-water per man is the quantity allowed each day to the miners in theComstock lode. The heat is so intense that a man can work bu . a tew moments at a time, and he not only drinks copiously of the ice water but pours it freely upon his person. Editors who are writing nonsense about the evil effects of ice water will be puzzled to account for the healthful condition of these miners, who alleviate tbe ex hausting heat it often rises to 110 and 116 degrees by this means without in jury to health. Frequenters of Turkish baths drink ice water freely with the thermometer at 160 to 180 deg. without injury nay, with positive benefit. Among the causes of death in hot weath er Ice water is never mentioned. And think of the myriads of human beings who are relieved and comforted by its use during tbe torrid season. It is ab solutely wicked in pandering to base, uncomfortable, and unwholesome ap petites to say anything against ice mater, because tbe only other recourse people then have is to alcohol insome of its protean forms. There were lf0 miles of tunnel in Great Britain in 1877, which cost about $50,000,000. A Modern 4host Story. Among the many recollection of my long travels the following Incident was a great puzzle to all at the time it took place, and is still shrouded in profound mystery. After a delightful tour in the sunny land of Portugal, we wished to leave for Liverpool, and took tbe first steamer which touched at Lisbon. The "Marathon" appeared to be a fine vessel, and It was only after being a day on board that we found that she could only make seven knots an hour, as she had yards of sea-weed banging from her keel, and was going into dry dock on reaching Liverpool to be cleaned. The company on board was pleasant, al though the vessel was crowded. I begged the purser to see if I must have a companion in my cabin, that it should be some one nice and agreeable. He said there was a nice young lady. Miss Mary S , going home with her mamma and younger sisters. She seemed a bright, cheerful lassie of about fourteen summers, and we became pretty good friends and chatted together, while looking on the fine coast of Portugal, becoming more and more indistinct every moment. Most of the passengers soon had to retire into the secrecy of their cabins, but we held our own, and enjoyed the breezes until 4 p. m. when we assemble at table,- after which we did a little star-gazing, and mooned away our time until 7 r. -, when we retired. Miss Mary asked me if I had any objections to take the bottom berth. I said it was immaterial to me so we re tired. 1 slept soundly until about one o'clock, when I was awoke in a fright by what seemed to be the clasp of a clammy cold hand clasping mine, as it dropped over the edge of the bed. I awoke very easily ; so I sat up directly and asked Miss Mary if she had touched me, and if she was ill ? She answered with a grunt, and I had to shake her before 1 got a reply. When I did, It was a startling one. "What!" said she, has that ghost come to you ? I had h leave this cabin, w here I slept alone, on that very account; but they told me that as you were coming it would be all right." We had no more sleep that night; we looked, and talked, and con jectured, all to no purpose. In the morning I told the Captain, and he said the young lady bad complained and said she would not sleep there again. He gave orders to a steward to turn the whole cabin out, for, unfortunately, it was the only vacant one on the ship. I went to look on ; there was not even a rathole to be seen ; I asked the steward what he supposed U could be, he answered in a must lugubrious tone; "I don't know miss, our cook died on the way from Xaples to Leghorn!" What connection he could see between the death of the cook, and our ghostly visitant, I could not discover However, having seen with our own eyes that there was nothing in the cabin, we thought we would to able to rest in peace so we passed the day merrily, although tbe Marathon was anything but a satisfactory boat, we felt as if we could walk as quickly as it weut, aud then she had a cargo of iron ore, which the rollers of the Bay of Biscay caused to move about terribly, and then I heard that ore of any kind aud cattle are the worst cargo to have in a storin ; they both shii't around so much. Well, night came on as usual, and we retired with out a thought to mar our slumbers. We again slept well, and again about the same hour tiie sensation of the clammy hand awoke me roused Miss Mary, and by the silvery rays of the moou shining in upon us, we looked around and at each other in auaz.-ment. I told the Captain at breakfast and said we would not sleep there again. He weut round aud aked some gentlemen if they would change cabins with us; but they did not like the idea. As all he could do was to let us have a light all night, he did so, and to our delight we slept until morning undisturbed. That was the third night. The next night I went to sleep quite comfortably and awoke with a fearful weight on my chest, put up my hand and felt some thing warm, soft and furry. I flung it off and it scratched my arm from elbow to wrist. It disappeared and I saw that it was a cat. This was not an appari tion, for they do not scratch. Some poor cat had hidden itself on board, and attracted by the light, had entered our cabin by the small opening of the win dow. That was easily explained, but the mystery of the clammy hand re mains a mystery to this day. Prison Life in I'nncs. There are twenty-one central prisons in France for prisoners with sentences of five years and over. The cell system is adopted in prisons for the detention of prisoners not scut up for more than a year aud a day, but iu the central prisons as many as 100 sleep in one ward, certain of their number being re sponsible for the preservation of order. The dormitories are lighted, and there are openings from the galleries through which the guards may inspect them. By day the men work in attliert, fifty or a hundred in each. Shoes, chairs, woven fabrics, buttons, umbrella ferules, Chinese lanterns, etc., are manufactured, and such light work as glossing paper, sewing copy books and making hair ornaments is done. The work is let to contractors by a tariff fixed by the local Chamber of Commerce, to prevent any undue competition with free labor. Half of the profits of the prisoner's work goes to the State; he is allowed to spend a quarter in procuring special articles of diet, etc., an 1 the re maining quarter is paid to him on leaving, so that a discharged convict often finds himself with from $100 to $300 cash capital. A large proportion of the prisoners use this in setting themselves up in trade or in procuring passage to other lands. These rewards of Industrial labor, together with the industrial training itself, constitute together the main ami tolerable effectual counterbalance to the otherwise grave evils of association. The element of hope Is always prominent In French prisons, and it is the sheet-anchor of their admlni-tratkm. A visitor to La Sante, at Paris, observed in the first cell he inspected a table on which lay a pipe of tobacco, a hall bottle of wine and a Lovei. t . 5 i I 1 - r - . I
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