B. F. SCHWEIER, THE G05ST1TUTI05 THE TWIOI AID THE EIPOECEMErT OF THE LAVS. Kilitor ami Proprietor. VOL. XXXI. MIFFLINTOWN, JUNIATA COUNTY, PENNA., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1S77. NO. 45. TENiERHISS. -Not onto every heart ia Ood'a good girt Of simple tenderueea allowed ; we meet With lore inn n; fashions when we lift ' First to oar lips life's waters bitter sweet IjOTe eODM ntinn IU with MaidllHa nnw Of curbleaa la-wm and with hjWniwil1 It plan around like April's breeze sod ahower. ur caun nowa, a rapid stream, and still It cornea with nleeeedneee to the heart That welcomes it aright, or bitter fate! It wrings the bosom with so fierce a smart That love, we err. ia era. lr than hi And then, ah bp, when love has ceased to bless. our broken hearts cry out for tenderness. We long for tenJernea. like that which hong Ab mt ns lviug on oar mother's breast ; A nellish feeling that no pen nor tongoe Can praim aright, since silence sings it beet. A love, as far removed from pass ou's beat As from the chilliness of its dying fire ; A loie to 1 an on when the failing feet Begin to totter, and the eyes to tire. In youth's brief bey-day hottest love we seek. The reddest roue we grasp but when it dies God grant that later bloseoms. violets meek. May spring foroa beneath life's Autumn skies God gra it some lovinz one be near to bl Our weary way with simple tenderness Ike Brennan s Watch. "Ef you think your cousin is a scoun drel, young man, why nay the word, if its necessary to say anything. It's mean to shake and sigh, and shake a man's good name awav with a shake of vour head that's w hat I think." And Ike Brennan pushed back his Panama, and looked with anything hut approval iimui Lyman Sneed, leaning, in spotless white duck, against the China tree. In spite of his dapjier appearance he w as not a pleasant young man to look at. He had that uncertain, nervous w ay so irritating to the honest and pur- Ks i ul, and it stood written on his face that he had not loved a living soul. No, . jiot even the pretty Nona Duval, whom he quit Ike to go and meet. He thought he loved her, hut no feeling that pos sessed him was a more thoroughly sel fish one. His cousin, Dick Burleson, loved Nona that was quite sufficient to make I.ynian Sneed sure that she was neces sary to his happiness, so he went eagerlv now to meet her. Ike watched him up the street, muttering: "Of two evils choose the least, but I've aller noticed that women, of two men, choose the worst ; wonder if little Xona'll do that same thing Her father rode through many a fight by my side calculate I'll take sides here yes, sir." He rose slowly, lifted his rifle, and went trailing up the hot avenue. He was on the lookout for Dick, and very soon found himself among a lot of rougli teamsters who were loafing in one of the principal stores. Dick was reading to them a Xew York paper, and hacking up his own side of some politi cal question w ith considerable fervor, The men were pulling their beards and listening with that true Texan phlegm w hich might at any moment into un governable passion. Ike waited until the end of one of Dick's flowing periods, and then said ''Thar, Dick, that'll do for the busi ness of the L"-nited States; supposing now vou eome with me and look after your own a spell." It was so unusual for Ike Brennan to meddle iu any one's affairs that Dick gave instant heed to his invitation, and with a final broadside of splendid adjec tives for his own party, he joined Ike, and they sat down together ia the first quiet, shady seat. Lyman Sneed is playing the mis chief with your good name, Dick. It s against my habit to look after anybody's but my own, but I've reasons contrary this time." "Lvman Sneed ! He is, is he ?" And Dick instinctively put his hand on the leather sheath that held his knife. "N'n tools. Dick, of that kind. It's me that's making this quarrel, you know, and I let nolxxly do my fight ing." What did he say?" "That is it; he says nothing you can get hold of. Pities his uncle pities Nona Duval and is sorry you w ill " "What?" "He don't say shakes his head and shrugs his shoulders, and the shaking and shrugging stand for drinking, gambling, or anything you like to make it." "I'll tell Lyman Siieed " "You'll say neither good nor bad, I ick. Lyman is like a pine coal if he don't burn lie blackens. Only don't throw your chances away for Lyman to pick up that is just what he w ants you to do give in a bid to the old man ; he thinks all creation of you, and if you won't try to please him, why Lyman will, tha't's all." "I m not going to take niy politics and my opinions from uncle Jack Bur leson no, not for all his hog-w allow prairie, and his cattle and gold and gold thrown in." "He is an old man, Dick. Life is a country Jack Burleson has got pretty thoroughly over stands to reason he knows more 'an you." "He contradicts me half the time for the very sake of a fight. He does not go to court now, and he has no lawyers or juries to bully. But he won't make Dick Burleson say black is white to please him you bet he won't." "Dick, you are right, darned efyou youarn't! But old Jack is wise and good, and knows a sight more'n is writ in book. Say 'yes' w hen you can." "Sure." , "And don't meddle in my fights, I ick. If Lyman Sneeds needs a hiding I know just how much w ill be good for him." Dick saw that the conversation was over, and, looking at his watch, saw also that he was behind oflice hours. As it happened, a numler of trifles had irritated the old lawyer, and Lyman's lifted eyebrows and ostentatious dili gence irritated Dick. He flung his books on a desk, dashed his hat In a corner, and lifted his feet to a com fortable attitude. His big boots and loose flannel hunting shirt gave his uncle great offense, and he said so. ' Dick replied that "he had been talk ing with the Lavacca teamsters and had forgotteu to dress." "Lavacca teamsters, indeed ! I don't see what makes you run after every drover that comes in town." "I was getting their votes for my side, uncle; and making friends against the day I want their votes for myself. A flash of keen pleasure shot into the old man's eyes; but he was too full of fight to abandon the dispute. He first attacked Dick's politics,tben his personal appearance and abilities, w ithout being conscious how- provoking he was. One bitter word followed another, till ali three men were on their feet, and Lyman, with a little scream, had rushed in between his uncle and cousin. Dick laughed tiproarously at the interven tion, and kicking him out of his way, saiu : "Good-bye, uncle; I'm not going to quarrel any more w ith you. The world is big enough, I reckon, for both of us and our opinions." He went straight to Ike. who was sitting just where he had left him, and saiu : "Ike, tell uncle in a couple of days that I've gone West, and that there's no ill blood between us and, Ike, watch Xona for me uutil I come after her." "You are bound to go, then?" "Yes, the old mad is fire, and I am gunpowder; we are better apart that's all." "Go 'long, then; I'll watch what you leave behind." "Dick felt unhappy enough at leav ing Xona. She lived alone w ith her father, aud he was not always the best of protectors. Dick spent the rest of the day by her side, and left town in the cool of the evening in no very despondent mood. Xona had promised everything he asked of her, and all the rest seemed possible. He had some land and cattle on the San Marcos, and he purposed putting up a pretty house there gradually, mainly with his own hands. Ia two years he would sell someof his increase, furnish it, marry Xona, turn grazier, and run for the Legislature. When he went back he would put 'all right' with his uncle, aud, being so far apart, they could keep right ; and if not, am: he lost his share of Jack Burleson's estate, made money was better than given money anyway. For a week after Dick's departure the old man hojied against hope, but one day, when Ike Brennan carelessly asked, "When is Dick coming back from the West?" then he knew that the lad had gone to shift for himself. and, lonely as it left him, he thoroughly liked Dick for doing it. After this Ike and the Judge spent much time to gether. Ihey kept up a perpetual quarrel, but they were well matched, and, after a year's disputing, the vic tory on every single point was a dis puted one. Sometimes, at the end of a long argument, and a long silence, the Judge would say, "Have you heard anything?" and then Ike, shaking his head, and shaking the ashes from his pipe, would rise and go away. Early in the second year the Judge had au accident that completely inva lided him, and, after some mouths' de cline he quietly passed away. Singu larly enough there was no will found, and Lyman Sneed took possession of everything. Xo Dick apeared to dis pute his claim. Ike smoked away in his old shady corner, and smiled qneerly to himself when he saw how diligently Lyman began to improve the city lots, and how cleverly he collected and in vested the outstanding accounts of the estate. In all but one way Lyman's fortune prospered X'otia still refused all his attentions. But as soon as the Judge was dead he began to use stronger means of persuasion. X'ona's father owed him a large sum, and their home was mortgaged for its payment. Lyman soon let father and daughter see on w hat terms only the Duval place could he saved, and the father cared too much for his own indulgence not to press with ail his power so desirable a method of clearing off his liabilities. Xothing of this plan, however, came to Ike's knowledge, until one night, old Duval, in a fit of intoxication, re vealed it. Then he went home full of anxiety, He had no money that would touch X'ona's needs, and he had not yet heard anything from Dick. "I'd give twenty of my best cows to know if the fellow w as alive or dead," he said, as he pushed open the latchless door of his log cabin. A man wassitting in his own chair fast asleep. "Dick at last!" Or:e soul owned another, and Dick opened his eyes and answered : "Here I am, Ike." 'You tormenting youngster, where have vou been ?" 'Everywhere, Ike, and precious little I got, either. At last I went to Yuba and Xevada, and tried hard to make my pile. Two months ago Jim Harrison strayed up there and told me uncle was dead and Xona going to marry Lyman Sneed. I couldn't stand that, and so I came along with what I hail." "How- much?" "Only $8000." "That's enough. I guess you'll find yourself richer than you think." me next morning .ou .. pletely amazed Lyman Sneed by enter ing his office, accompanied by Ike Brennan. and paying in full every claim which he had upon the Duval nlace. but he was still more amazed by an official notice to meet next day the heirs of Jack Burleson, and hear his w ill read. He found at the place ap pointed Dick Burleson, Xona Duval, Ike Brennan. and three of the princijal citizens of the place. The w ill, leaving url v evervthine to Dick, was witnout a flaw. Lyman simply received $100 for each month during wlncn ne iiaa taken care of the estate. "He took very eood care of It, gentle men," said Ike; "just as good as if he thought Dick would never come back. He has earned his money, you bet. But I'm glad my watch is over very. I have been kept too wide awake for any thing, between a pretty woman and a clever lawyer." The Land Crab of Jamaica. This crustacean is found in other parts of the West Indian Islands liesides Jamaica in limited numbers. In the latter island they roam in large nuin bers, furnishing food for many months of the year to a mass of the population, and truly they are delicious, as the most fastidious epicure admits on the first taste. They are iu size about four to six inches in length by three broad, and weigli about eight ounces each. They live in holes iu the rocks in the mountainous parts of the island, and at certain seasons of the year (from March to May) collect in vast armies, and march down to the sea-shore to wash off the spawn. At this time they are very fat, and filled with a rich mass of eggs, aud are then in their priiuest con dition as food. . They march straight on, not turning out of their way for any obstacle. If they meet a house they try to climb over it, and numbers fall and are killed in the attempt. On arriving at the seashore the females go on to the beach, w here the waves can dash over them, and wash off the spawn, which at that time has come through the apron under the crab. As soon as that is accomplished, they return to the mountains, and are then quite thin and unfit for food. The spawn is thrown by the waves on the beach, and hatched by the sun The young crabs are quite red, and be gin to travel towards the mountains as soon as hatched. The road and ground is perfectly covered with them. A per son walking will crush hundreds at each step. They will come into the dwelling houses, and have to be swept out by quarts at a time. Chickens, birds and pigs feast on them. They will only travel after a shower of rain aud while the ground is wet, hiding in the holes under stones at other times, Traveling only in this manner they are long in getting up to the mountains, and grow to a good size before they ar rive there. Their food consists of roots and leaves, but they will eat bananas, corn and even carrion, if they come across it. They shed their shells once a year, stopping up their holes liefore doing so. Iu this stage they are quite defenceless not being able to move tin til the new shell gets hard. They are very fat then, and if dug out make a luscious dish. These crabs are of dif ferent colors some black, red and yel low, and others sotted. Like oysters, they are not eaten in the months that have not the letter r. Some knack is required in catching them, as they can give a good severe nip with their claws. When they once lay hold they will rather leave the claw than let go. They are caught by grasping tliciu by the back, so they cannot turn the claw to nip. As they only come out by night, they are hunted with torches. Sime negroes are expert in catching them, often getting a barrel full in a few- hours. They are sold at two or three for a cent. They can be kept for a long time in cages, fed with corn, Ac, and used as required. These crabs could be introduced into Florida. They would thrive in the palmetto thickets, and serve as a wholesome, delicious food for our people. They are quite harmless never injuring any cro costing noth ing in any way, but are a great addition to the ioor man's larder. The perihelion passed the equator about the year 5000 B. C. In 1811 the printing-machine was in vented by Koenig; it perfected 000 sheets in an hour. Mersenni described the reflecting telescope in 1539, and Hall made the first achromatic in 1730. The cold at Tabreez, in Persia, is so intense in February that persons are constantly frozen to death. Wakes and annual feasts were estab lished by the Teutons in celebration of the salnt's-day of the parish church. The Red Sea is as hot as any part of the world. The thermometer ranges during fourteen hours of the day from 94 to 112 degrees. In 1819 Belzoni visited EI Wah, the oasis containing the temple of Jupiter Amman, It is in ruins, but he was not allowed to approach it. In 55 B. C. Britain was invaded by Caesar, who landed in Kent, and after marching beyond the Thames and building Dover Castle, withdrew the Romans. Mohammed Ali in 1819 made a canal in two months 43 miles long and 90 feet wide by 13 feet deep, and on which he employed at once 250,000 men. In X'ew South- Wales the coldest month averages 54 degrees and the hottest 75 degrees. It rains about 100 days in the year. The northwest wind is a scorching sirocco. The air is gen erally dry, but' the night dews are heavy. Achraet the First, who died aged 29, in 1617, kept 3,000 women in his seraiigo and 40,000 falconers in his hunting es tablishment. He erected the famous mosque In the Hippodrome. The wall of Adrian ana Severus, built to prevent the irruptions of the Scots and Picts, extended from the Tyne to Sol way Frith, and was 90 miles long, 12 feet high and 8 in thickness, with watch-towers. From the twelth to the fifteenth cen tury the barons of England were so in dependent of the sovereign that they often made formal wars on each other. They tried causes and administered justice in the Baron's Court, in the great hall of their castles, and had prisons within them and they also coined money. HumlUtv. The loveliest, sweetest flower (humili ty) that bloomed in paradise, and the first that died, has rarely blossomed since on mortal soil. It is so frail, so delicate a thing, it is gone if it but lotik upon itself; snd she who ventures to esteem it hers proves by that single thought she has it not. Mr$. E. Fry. The municipal dog tax of Paris is estimated at $133,860 for 1876. It baa increased in thirteen years u per cent. Leaves of Gold. One night when the earth was so sileut that the footfalls of the guardian angels who passed to and fro could almost be heard, and when the grand canopy of Heaven blazed with bright stars, au old man who had made bis bed on the grass under a lone tree on the commons awoke with a shiver. The chill night air had crept through his faded and worn garments, aud pinched his flesh. He sat up, and looked about him with that longing expression in his eyes which comes only when men feel that the earth is fast passing away from them forever. He had no friends, Even the wandering dog which passed near liiin growled angrily as it caught the flutter of the old man's rags in the gentle breeze. When a tree becomes old and with ered aud ready to die, men despise it They forget the beauty it held for years, and they give it no praise for the grateful shade it offered to thousands, They would have its shade and strength aud beauty endure forever, forgetting that every living thing must grow older day by day and at last die. Men had forgotten all the good words ever spoken by this old man. If he had smoothed the rough paths of the poor if he had turned the wicked into better paths if his kind words had filled de spairing hearts with new hojies he had no credit for it in the hearts of men They had sneered and scoffed at his slow step and his many tatters, and they had laughed in derision as he fell u ou the hard earth. Xo sailor, cast upon a lone isle in the great ocean, see ing ships sailing to and fro, but none ever turning toward him, could have felt such isolation as this old man felt With his long, gray locks with his rags and tatters with his wounded and aching heart with his kuowledge that his hours were numbered he turned his pale face to the bright stars and mused : "AVhen the leaves flutter dowii I shall die, and like them 1 shall be for gotten by all men. They will bury me, but they will not mark my grave. They may write my name iu a book but no one will ever turn to it. Let me die to night; let me lie no more when the golden leaves flutter down to the chilly earth !" Shivering in the keen air of the mid night he held his face in his hands and pondered and prayed. Few hearts had sinned less, even when smarting under the sense of the world's ridicule and neglect few hearts had deeper long ing for the blessed rest of heaven. By and by the air no longer chilled him. lie grew warmer and his old heart grew larger, and as sleep came back to his eye-lids he-whispered. "If I ever wronged one human being iu God's great world may the angels forgive me !" llie frost was creeping onwards from the north creeping over hill top and orchard and meadow so softly that the blades of grass hardly quivered. It crept to the tree and lingered for a mo ment in its branches. The green leaves shivered, then the green faded away, little by little, and lo! each leaf was robed in gold ! They quivered in their joy and gladness as the breeze whis pered : "i he old man below you is dead : lie was waiting for these golden robes to come to you. I will waft you down, and you shall cover his gray head with such a crown as no king ever wore." And while the leaves were floating down to glorify what men had despised, an angel in Heaven turned the golden pages of a book and wrote : "Earth has sent another soul to dwell with us and find eternal joy and peace!" Word, and What ofThemT The physicist classifies substances as gases, liquids and solids. A very ac curate analogy may be instituted by saying that thoughts are gases, words are liquids and actions solids. They all have an effect upon him witli whom they originate and upon him to whom they are communicated. In this view of the case the tongue becomes a peculiarly dangerous mem ber. Most people are willing to grant this, so far as it has to do with others than with him w'ho uses it, but few people seem to understand that it has an influence upon him who owns it. The truth in the case is not affected by their not knowing it. Words go out from us but they leave an impress behind them. The mind is affected by them. It is plausible to suppose that no speech however jocular or however serious was without effect on the mind of the speaker. A man in a half determined state of mind can forever settle a question by talking on the subject even though he talk to himself only. Xot only so, but the idea is more fully illustrated in many other cases in life. The man who habitually uses slang, thinks slang and acts slang. He who constantly engages in light, frivolous conversation gets to be very accurately described by the common phrases "frivolous fellow," "light headed" &c. Life becomes a farce to him who con tinually seeks the ludicrous in conver sation. To him who is given to excessive hy perbole it becomes a lie. A man may speak falsely until he can no longer distinguish between the false aud true. The great sin of profanity consists not so much in using certain combina tions of articulate sounds, which men call profanity as in the fact that by this utterance, men destroy their capability or faculty of reverence. He who uses indelicate expressions becomes vulgar at heart. 'If any man offend not in words, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. Behold we put bits in the horse's mouths, that they may obey us, and we turn about their w hole body. Behold also the ships which though they be so great and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small helm, whither soever the govenor listeth. Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. Behold how great a matter a little fire kindleth ! And the tongue is a Are, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it dr- flleth the trkole hotly, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and is set on fire of hell." Laws against swearing were strictly enforced during the times of the Com monwealth, and with the largest pos sible interpretation against the accused. We are reminded of the reproof that Sir Walter Scott puts into the mouth of Cromwell, "What can it avail thee to practice a profanity so horrible to the ears of others, and which brings no emolument to him who uses it?" Every oath was counted. For a single oath the fine was Vs. 8d., but the charge was reduced to 3s. 4d. each ''on taking a quantity." Humphrey Trevett, for swearing ten oaths, was committed till he paid 33s. to the poor of Hart ford, John Huische, of Cheriton, was convicted for swearing twenty-two oaths aud two curses at one time. Of course, the greater number of these ca ses were disposed at petty sessions without being sent for trial. One jus tice returned the names of the persons whom he had convicted of swearing since the previous session. We are not left without examples of what was con sidered swearing in those days. Wil liam Heardiiig, of Chittiehampton, for saying two several times in court, upon my life," was adjudged to be in the act of swearing, for which he paid 6s. 3d. ThoinaButland was fined for swearing "on my troth." Gilliert Xorthcott, had to pay 3s. 4d. for saying upon my life." Thomas Court iss was fined for swearing in court, "God is my witness." and "I sjieak in the presence of God." Christopher Gill, being reproved by Mr. Xational Durant, clerk, "for hav ing used the oath God's life in dis course," went aud informed against the minister himself for swearing. Cutting a Medicine Stone. A number of ladies anil gentlemen assembled at the tent of General Hunt, in Suuimerville, recently, to witness what is seldom seen iu America, or in any others country the cutting and dissection of a bezoar. or medicine stone. At the appointed hour the beautiful gem was placed on the table, iiisiected and admired by ail present. Professor Holmes then gave a short description of the bezoars found in Eastern coun tries, comparing them with those of America, or more properly of South Carolina. The name bezoar was, he said, derived from the Persian words "pa zahar." which signifies against poison. In the East they are called medicine stone; in Africa, bag stones or charm stones. The specimen ex hibited on this occasion is aliout the size of a large hen's egg, of a mottled yellow color, with a tint of brown, hav ing its entire surface highly polished. The polish is natural, caused by the action of the muscles of the stomach of the animal in which it was found upon each layer of mineral matter deposited. A piece of scantling having been pre pared and mortised with a cavity just large enough to contain the stone, it was imbedded therein firmly with plas-ter-of-Paris, the better to prevent flak ing or crumbling, to which, from its laminated and brittle structure, it is peculiarly liable. With a very tine and highly tempered saw, it was then cut longitudinally through the- middle, which took but a few minutes. During the cutting some little excitement was evinced as to what the nucleus or con tents of the stone would prove to lie. L'pon opening the bezoar, the nucleus proved to be a large and perfect acorn, which, several gentlemen present im mediately recognized as that of the white oak. It was covered by four lay ers of lamin:e of a mineral substance, couiiosed generally of phosphates and carbonates of lime and iron, and some silex. The mold of tiie acorn is very perfect, having all the external mark ings of the fruit. There are two im pressions, apparently made by the teeth of the animal before swallowing the nut. Acorns are a favorite food of Carolina deer. During the autumnal months their tracks are almost always to be found tinder the oaks df the for est which have borne acorns. This is the third secimen of a bezoar that has been cut and examined by Professor Holmes, and we believe the only ones ever dissected in America. The nucleus found iu the first bezoar was a flattened ball or buckshot with a fragment of the skin and a few hairs; the animal had undoubtedly been wounded six years before it had been killed, as" there were six layers or la mina? of mineral matter surrounding the buckshot. The second bezoar cut contained a pebble of quartz. Charlem- toit Xeirt. Sand Showers. The singular phenomena of sand showers occurs every year in China. During the showers there is neither cloud nor fog in the sky, but the sun is scarcely visible, looking very much as when seen through smoked glass. The air Is filled with a fine dust, enter ing eyes, nostrils and mouth, and often causing serious diseases of the eye. This dust, or sand, as the people call it penetrates bouses, reaching apartments which seem securely closed. It !s sup posed to come from the great desert of Gobi, as the sand of Sahara is taken up by whirlwinds and carried hundreds of miles away. - The Chinese, while sensitive to the personal discomfort arising from these showers, are resigned to them from a conviction that they are a great help to agriculture. They say that a year of numerous sand showers is always a year of large fertility. The sand prob ably imparts some enriching elements to the soil, and it also tends to loosen the compact alluvial matter of the Chinese valleys. Xothing Is so beneficial to a young author as the advice of man whose judgment stands constitutionally at the freezing point. Douglas Jerrold. Itinerant Commerce of Constantinople. Almost the whole of the itinerant commerce of Constantinople is carried on by easants from the provinces ami the tributary States, who come up to the capital to seek their fortunes, re maining for various periods ranging from several months to as many years, according to the distance and difficulties of transit from their native villages, where they have left their wives and families. They revisit their homes from time to time, then return to their labor, until, having amassed a suffi cient sum on which to retire, they set tle down in the "Memlcket," (the native place,) to cultivate the ground, and end their days among their own people These street merchants and laborers are estimated at between 00,00 and 70,ooo, of whom a small proortloii only are genuine Turks, the greater number being Armenians; the last, a sober, honest, and industrious body of men, are the "hammals." or street lor ters, whe are also employed as the guardians of banks, counting-houses, ami shops, besides which they take ser vice willingly as household drudges in their leisure hours. Other Armenians are the "sakas," or water-carriers, and in both capacities they are memliers of an organized society, tinder the direc tion of a chief of their own appointing. It is among these "hammals" that the descendants of the ancient Kings of Armenia may principallv be traced, ant! the name of many a humble indi vidual staggering under his load, or counting the copiers gained by his hard day's toil, is high-soundiiigenoiigh to suit the most exalted destiny : Tigh ranes and Argashcnz, (Artaxerxes,) it may lie, carry between them the port manteau or sedan-chair which Is their joint projierty; Tirldates, Balthazar, and Arizdaghez are bringing water to your cistern, while Mithridates stands by with a leathern hump upon his shoulders, ready for the first load that may offer. The Albanians are also numerous; they are the sellers of "Mohalibe," "Khalwah," (sesame seed and honey,) "salep," and of a sort of fermented acid drink, much favored by the Turks. The "bakals" (grocers) and the makers of stove-pipes and of iron work in general come from Kaise riah, (Osarea in Asia Minor,) while Maitos opposite the Dardanelles and other places in Rouinelia sends us car jienters, and Yanina and Salon ica masons. The w.od-cutters are mostly Turks, from the neighborhood of Treli izouil and the interior of Anatolia, and it is also the Turks w ho manufacture and sell the sweetmeats so attractive to the public of all ages. Greeks and Bui garians arrive from the barren slopes of the IMndus mountains to pass a season in selling fruits and vegetables, and many engage as milkmen, and as jour neymen gardeners, carrying about plants and flower, out of w hich they make a lucrative trade. The Persians are the principal donkey-drivers of the capital ; they and their patient little beasts form an important element in the moving panorama of the street scenes, as, in default of sufficient roads and proper vehicles, it is the fate of the little donkeys to stumble along, en eased in monstrous planks, or bearing their heavy panniers loaded with brick and stone. The Kurds work as ham mals of an inferior degree; they are much employed about the quays and Custom-house in unloading vessels, aud are supjMised in a general way to be de voted to coal, while the Montenegrins aud Croats flourish spade and pickaxe, in companies and under the orders of a chieftain, to whom they pay feudal olieilience. Temple liar. The I'ahappineae Of Childhood. There is a common way of talking of the period of childhood is If it were one of perpetual happiness. Grown up people are so far removed from their early days, that in many cases, they seem to forget what they endured as children. They think of themselves as having been happy, strong, free from care, light hearted at least in contrast with the various conditions of life and thought in which they now find them selves, it seems as if they had been so; and they speak of happy childhood as if entire happiness were the normal con dition of human beings in the early stages of their existence. It is probable that there are some persons who can look back upon an un interruptedly happy childhood, and, when that ia the case, they have mem ories to be stored up which are, indeed, priceless in value. But it is true, in far more cases than the popular reckon ing allows, that childhood is a period In which there is very little of positive happiness, and very much of actual suflering and unhappiness. Xot only are there the small griefs incident to the discipline necessary for childhood the petty disappointments which seem so keen, the self denials which appear so great, the restraints as to the exercise of will which the necessary rule of home or school imposes but there are far keener sufferings than these. There are the cases of children whose whole life Is one of suflering, of actual or im pending illness, who may, perhaps, by constant care, grow up to be men and women in tolerable health, but who never can look back on a time when, in their childhood, they were strong and well. People are apt to think that such children as these have their compensa tions in the extra care snd love given to them ; but, let anyone who has had ex perience of such a childhood look back to it, and say if the unhappiness of ill ness did not render life very sad. There is, above all, tho unhappiness of mis managed and misunderstood children. There are children of peculiar tempera ments, whose whole lives are rendered a burden to them by the fact that the persons set over them, either parents, guardians, or teachers, have been desti tute of sympathy for them, and have not thought it worth while to try what a change in the plan of managing them would do. Harriet Martineau and the young Brontes seem to have been chil dren misunderstood; and their strong natures struggled through into brighter lives, yet there as hundreds, nay, thou sands, of children, set down sullen, dogged, obstinate, and treated with harshness, who live lives of dull wretchedness because they do not know what is wrong with them, and no one takes pains enough to try to set things straight for them and make them happier. Again, there are clever chil dren weighed down by utterly unintel- lectnal surroundings, forbidden to read because reading is "a waste of time, kept to mere mechanical work, and never allowed to Indulge fully their love of study. At one period of her child hood Mrs.'Somerville seems to have suffered a good deal from this. Of course, nothing could be more un wise than to allow all the' whims and fancies of children to have their way unrepressed. Such a course of action would merely add the misery of undi sciplined will to the others which chil dren suffer. But that childhood is often a time great, even of morbid unhappi ness, is a statement that no reflecting persons, especially those who have had much to do with children can deny. We have been led to the consideration of this subject by the recent sad occur rence of the suicide of a young boy one of the pupils of a great public school. He complained of having been badly treated by a boy older than him self; he ran away twice from school ; he had been punished and flogged for mis behavior, and the poor child found refuge from what seemed to him an unavoidable accumulation of miseries in death by hanging. He was said to have been. obstinate; it was also de clared that no terrorism could have been exercised over him without the know ledge of the superior authorities of the school. But the fact remains, that to the poor lad life had become so miser able that he could endure itjio longer. The jury gave a verdict of ''temporary insanity," but what a revelation of un happy childhood does this bring before us! Cases of the commisson of suicide by children are, after all, not very un common. How sad must have been the condition of these poor sufferers ! Child hood to them was all unhappiness. The lessons for parents, and for all who have to do with children are obvi ous. I bildren are as different in their natures and temperaments as grown up people are, and they are infinitely more sensitive, making thera easier both to manage and to mismanage. Children cannot be governed by any stern, un varying rule; they must be treated according to the difference in their characters. Above all, children who appear morose, obstinate, unhappy, should not be made more so by punish ment they are wretched enough al ready. To alleviate, not to-increase, the unhappiness of childhood should be the aim of all who have the well fare of chil dren at heart. The Queen. Indian 1'onjurora. One of their tricks is to make the dried skins of a cobra live. They allow the beholder every opportunity to see how it is done, and at the last stage of jugglery but one he may examine the basket to see that nothing but the ser pent skin is in it. A white cloth is taken by the juggler aud placed over the basket after having been well shaken, so that you may be assured nothing is in it. A pipe is produced and with it a horrible noise, similar to that made by all snake charmers, and not unlike the sound a cracked ami badly-made bagpipe would emit, is made. Xo one goes near the cloth or basket except the almost naked man, who can not possibly hide any live snake in his sleeves, for the simple and sufficient reason that he has neither sleeves nor jacket. The sheet is lifted, and on the lid Wing opened a most dis tinctly energetic serpent is discovered. Xo sooner is it stirred than it rises on its tail, spreads out its hood, ami strikes with its fangs and tongues at the charmer. The snake gone, a strong, stout girl comes forward, makes a deep obeisance, aud then, stepping back, throws a man weighing full l-"0 ounds over her shoulders. Xor does she stop here, for she seizes her victim once more, places him crosswise on her back and then tosses hiin into the air as though he were made of feathers, and not a broad-shouldered human being. Turning backwards on her feet, she picks up straws with her eyelids, throw ns somersaults and lifts weights which would astonish the ordinary acrobat. While she is thus jierforming jugglers are turning pebbles into birds, birds into eggs, and eggs into plants; men thread beads with their tongues, join innumerable pieces of cotton into one long cbrd, keep half a score of sharp knives in the air at once, throw cannon balls with their toes, and spin tops on the end of twigs. Japan and Her Population. Japan, on its four thousand islands, inlets and rocks, with an aggregate area of about 155,01)0 square miles, has a pop ulation of 33,625,673, which is greater than the population of the I'nited States was according to the census of I860. The population in the principal inlands is much more crowded than these returns would indicate, as many of the islands are only sparsely settled. Xew York, Pennsylvania, iKdaware, Maryland and Ohio represent a territory equal in area to that of Japan, but the aggregate ipulation of these States in 1870 was only 11,473,879 not much more than one third of that of Japan to-day, and jret these States are among the most thickly populated in the Union. In Japan there are 216 inhabitants to the square mile of territory; in the States mentioned above, taken as a whole, there are only 74 inhabitants to the square mile. The Japanese are au in dustrious and enterprising people, and they are making rapid strides in the introduction to their country of the better features of European and Ameri can civilization. They are preparing new for the first of a aeries of annual industrial exhibitions, of which advan tage should be taken by American man ufacturers. Japan is a distant market, but the United States is nearer to It than any other great manufacturing country. ThlerVs Personal Appearam-e. It is almost as difficult to get a correct idea of Thiers's personal appearance, from those who have attempted to de scribe hiin, as of the great Xapoleon. We know that Xpoleon, alter it had been taken for granted for half a century that he was brilliantly handsome, was described by Miclielet as positively hideous "a brown, stubby little bar barian." By-the-way, a writer in the Spectator once spoke of an odd resem blance between Thiers and Xapoleon, which he thought he bad discovered. Princess de Lieven thought Thiers fine looking, for all his short stature and dumpy figure. "The most brilliant, lively, and amusing," of all the states men of the Orleanist era, she called him. On the other hand, the cynical Greville does not conceal the unflattering result of his observation of him. " I dined with Talleyrand on Friday," he says; " a great dinner to Thiers, the French Minister of Commerce. A little man, about as tall as Shiel, and as mean aid vulgar looking, wearing spectacles, and with a squeaking voice. Talleyrand has a high opinion of hiiu. He wrote a history of the Revolution which he now regrets." Another writer describ ing Thiers, says : " In external appear ance it is impossible to conceive a more ignoble little being. He has neither figure, nor shape, nor grace, nor mien ; aud truly, to use the most unsavory description of Cormenin, he looks like one of those provincial barbers who, with brush and razor in hand, go from door to door offering their saevttettt. His voice is thin, harsh, aud reedy; his aspect sinister, deceitful, and tricky ; a sardonic smile plays about his insincere and mocking mouth ; aud at first view you are disposed to distrust so illfavored looking dwarf, and to disbelieve his tory. But hear the persuasive pygmy, hear him fairly out, and he greets you with such pleasant, lively, light, voluble talk, inters persad with historical remark personal anecdote, ingenious reflections, all conveyed in such concise, clear, and incomparable language, that you forget his ugliness, his impudence, insincerity, and dishonesty." Another puzzles us with a picture in sharp contrast with the foregoing; "His small figure is precisely what you would select as the most appropriate and expuisite type of the honest french citizen; his hair, very fine and of a lustrous whiteness, falls around a forehead of large size, smooth, without wrinkles, whose brown tint betrays a life of travel and his southern birth, The cheeks are full ; the mouth an unbent bow, ready to dart courteous arrows; the eyes, shining beneaeh the eyebrows, are so lively and eloquent that they seem to light up the spectacles; their expression of attractive good-nature extends to the smiling lips." The impression of the writer, who has seen and heard Thiers more than once, is less depreciatory than the first of these estimates, and less agreeable than the last. To us he appeared a short, thick-set, square-headed, bristling-haired, puguacious little man, with a good deal of sparkle and a good deal of obstinacy, brimming with irony and " fight ;" nervous, petulant, uneasy, and charged throughout his diminutive body with a seemingly Inexhaustible vitality and force a physical trait well fitted to his strong, determined, and bellicose character. Kather German than French in physiognomy, he was all Gallic ami all Marseillais in his impetuous vivacity and demonstrative manner. Most engaging, no doubt, in conversation and while talking in the social circle showing at once his brightest and uiot amiable side, it was evident that he best enjoyed political life, especially when that life was freely checkered by a pandemonium of strifes of the forum. To see him in the tribune, with his cup of eoffee or his glass of claret by his side, his handkerchief in his hand, and his coal-black eyes glaring out from beneath the big, square spectacles which he always affected, was to see him when his fullest force and genius were in play. He was a good hater; and probably never an orator lived who felt more keenly the luxury of forensic cambat than Thiers did in his old-time contests with the prim and austere Guizot, AppUtont Journal The l-Di,nlivr" Mania. There is no use in getting into a heat over drawing-room furniture. We shall spare ourselves much discussion if we can agree upon certain definitions. In the first place, "art decoration," as it is commonly used, is a confusion of terms. The most of our decoration has nothing to do with "art;" it is merely following a fashion, indulging in a taste for ornament, and may tie guided by not the least knowledge or feeling for art. There is no art in sticking a lot of colored figures upon a jar and putting on a coat of varnish. There is no art in painting a jar or decorating a jar, unless the decorator is an artist. We are in danger of running the sub stance for mere show. The ornament ing of our houses is all right, if we don't babble too much about art and x'Hhetic culture, and fancy that we are artistic when we have not learned the first rudiments of real art. The sin of the age, especially here in America, is superficiality. And this decorative mania illustrates it. A short cut to art seems to have been discovered just as years ago a short cut was found to painting in what was called " Grecian painting" a disease that raged most in the rural districts, and left Its "pit marks" in so many desolate homes. Xow It seems possible for everybody to be an " art decorator" in her own house and in the houses of all her friends. In one respect we do not object to this, as we shall say presently, but the danger is that It shall have a mere run, like the fashion of a garment, and pass away without leaving any marks of real cul tivation. It is a superficiality taking the place of real culture, which can only be obtained by patient study. There are sixty-one National batiks in Boston. I r SW
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers