ill B. F. SCHWEIER, THI CONSTITUTION THB OHION-AXD THB K570RCXMMT OF TH1 LAWS. Editor and PropriCK VOL. XXX. MIFFLIMWN; JUNIATA COUNTY, PEXNA.. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 8. 1876. NO. 45. TURNEJG GRIT. Life's sanda in running fast away. The buoyant step of youth baa gone. The falling hair U turning gray. And time acwna now to hurry on Jjure fleetly than in day of yore, before the heart became iU prey, Iltfore twaa saddened to the core, Before the hair waa turning gray. V. tumin z gray ! age cornea like a now. As still, ami carve each careworn line ; !( wrinkles on the brow will grow. The hair with silvery atreaka will ahine, TUo eyee their brightness lose, the hand tirows dry and tremuloua and thin ; Kor life, alas, ia quickly spanned ; And death it gates eoon cloaea in ! Ah. turning gray ! we Tain would hide TUia sign bow long with time we're been ; Tbaae deepened wrinkles aide by aide Cot by the sorrows we hare seen. Kor feeble beata the heart aa yeara More thickly cluster on our head, A. autumn raindrop hang like tear hi aome fair flower that' nearly dead ! like perished petal from the flower. Our hopea and wildest Joy are laid. Born only for a day or hour, Sweet gambols by the fancy played. As age conies on we long for rest, A saints near shrine will long to pray ; tut still we lore that time the best, Before the hair was turning gray ! One Woman's Heart. She was crocheting something out of soft st arlet and white wool. Her fin gers were white as the wool. Milton Ktheredge sat watching her, pretend ing to read the journal at the same time. She was looking very charming in her buff muslin dress, with pink rib- lious at the throat, and looped back the brown hair. Prate as we may of the unimportance of dress, it more or less influences the destiny of as all. Venus herself would be uglv in a tattered gown, and only imagine Aiiollo in a swallow-tailed coat with brass buttons! Annie Huntley knew the value of dress and, what Is more, she knew how to attire herself in just the manner most becoming to her. She was not so much prettier than doz ens of other young ladies, but every thing about her was in harmony, and people had fallen into the habit of call ing her beautiful. She had a clear, wild rose complexion, tolerably regular features, soft, brown eyes, aud brown hair that was struggling continually to lneak into the curls and ringlets so nat ural to it. Milton Etheredge grave, silent, wise lawyer wondered within himself how long he had loved this little Annie. He could not remember. Six years agoshe had come to them the dying bequest of Mrs. Ktheredge 's best valued friend. This sreat ladv had been a mother to her ever since, and Milton had played the part of a kind, elder brother. An nie was eighteen when 6he came to Grayinead she was now twenty-five. Yes, he was sure he had loved her six years. She had made everything so different. Her pretty ways of arrang ing curtains, and flowers, and books, and knick-knacks, bad brightened up the stately old house wonderfully. Mil ton thought it was strange how be and his lady mother had ever managed to live without her. .So he sat and looked at her as she made the shining steel flash in and out the bright fleecy wool. Xot that he thought of ever being anything more to her than he was now. His love was quiet yet it had not reached that pas sionate stage when it will not be sub dued by any obstacles. He was old thirty at least and it would be childish for him to hope she would ever link her young, fresh life with that of a man whose hair was already getting gray on the temples. But there was something more to de stroy the hope, if he had dared indulge in it. At one time, perhaps, he had in dulged in it, but certainly not now. Annie Huntley had her life romance as well as other women. It had been sweet at first painfully bitter at the asL It made her smile graver herl color more fleeting her manner, at time, subdued and sad so Ktheredge thought. ' Annie and Leigh Richardson had met under somewhat romantic circumstan ces. He had saved her from drowning at Cape May, when she had ventured leyond her depth; and, after her re moval to Graymead, he had followed her there and located himself in the practic of his profession the law. He had been a constant visitor for two years. People began to speak of them as belonging to each other, and Mrs. Ktheredge had, with a w Oman's pecu liar delight, begun to anticipate the wedding supper and the bridal trmu stau. Ktheredge had looked on with a dull pain in his heart, for which he felt half angry with himself. Surely he ought to rejoice that Annie would be so happy, for Leigh Richardson was every way estimable, and was rising rapidly in his profession. Suddenly, however, about two years before the opening of our story, his vi sits to Annie ceased, and he began a vio lent flirtation with Nellie Seymore, the rlle of the village. Annie did not die on account of it she did not even mope, as girls generally do when crossed in love. She put aside the sympathy Mrs. Ktheredge would have offered her, quickly, and gave her confidence to no one. Sometimes she met Richardson, but they exchanged no words, not even the ordinary ceremonious greeting of mere acquaintances; they were as com pletely separated as if an ocean rolled between them. This night, as Ktheredge sat watch ing Annie, and thinking of all this, he noticed with a thrill of pain that she was a little paler, a little more quiet than usual. He remembered that she had met Richardson at the picture gal lery that day. Some magnetic Influence In the gaze of Ktheredge made Annie look up. She blushed uuder the serene lustre of ilune dark-gray eyes, aud Jier flagers forgot their cunning, and dropped the hall of z phyr she was unwinding. It rolled u.w ard the lire it was a genuine, old-fashioned wood fire upon the hearth and, in stooping to recover it, her light sleeve dipped iuto the blaze. The flames leaped up Milton sprang for ward, caught her in his arms, and crushed out the fire. She was frightened, weak and dizzy wun remembering what she had es caped, and for a moment she stood en circled by his arms her head on his shoulder, her soft hair resting against his check. He pressed his lips passion ately to hers lie would have told her then how dear she was to him, but something seemed to hold him back. He would wait until the excitement of her recent peril should be over. All that uight he sat np thinking of his course. He loved her with all his soul ; he should never care for another woman. But he was not quite sure of her heart. What if she still had a lin gering tenderness for Richardson ? He feared she might have. He had seen her kiss a picture which he felt mortally sure was his. Would he like his wife to kiss Leigh Richardson's picture. It might be that the old dream could be forgotten In the new. At any rate, he would know before he slept, he said, with a sudden resolution, and after breakfast he went down town for a walk. He knew a few of the fellows belonging to the Franklin Club, and for the want of something better to do, he sauntered into their room. There were only two or three pres ent, smoking their cigars, and idling over the morning pajiers. Their busi ness hours had not commenced yet. As he entered he caught the name of An nie Huntley. Fred Orme, a reckless young dare-devil, was telling a story. Ktheredge reddened at hearing her name from Orme's lips, and was about striding forward, to call him to account for it, when Oruie's next words ar rested him and forced him to listen. "You see, Leigh Richardson was dead in love with her! Never saw a fellow take it any harder. Well, she is a charming girl. I never saw a better fitting glove and boot than she gets on. Richardson is smart, but I never liked him since he won that silver cup at the boat race. I meant to have had that myself. Too confounded bad I didn't get it!" "So it was," drawled Kd. Harrison; "how you sweat, didn't you, Fred ?'' i "It was hotter than the tropics, and Leigh is one of the cool-blooded ones. I said then I meant to be even with him, and I have kept my word. Don't mind telling you the story, fellows, since it is such an old affair. Pass that lemon- ade,Ktheredge you will be Interested in it, because I've heard it said that you're rather sweet in that quarter. Matters were going on swimmingly, two years ago, between Leigh and Annie. They'd have been married before now if no body had interfered. But Dennis and I got up a little plan between us and it worked splendidly. I gained possession of some of Leigh's handwriting and practiced writing like it. I am an ex pert at that business; and in a few days I could fairly beat Richardson with his own weapons. So 1 wrote a letter to an imaginary chum of his, giving a de scription of Miss Annie, calling her a soft little thing, telling him how she adored the subscriber, and how the subscriber cared nothing at all for her, but was enjoying a glorious flirtation. Of course the subscriber was Leigh Richardson. "This note, which was a most insult ing thing to any woman, we contrived to have dropped where Miss Annie would find it, and the result was even more jolly than I had anticipated. She mittened Richardson the next day, and refused to listen to any explanation he could make. I always intended to pay him off some way. My sister boarded him at that time, and there was no sleep in the house for his tramping up and down his chamber all night. A little more lemonade, aud I don't care if there ia a drop of champagne in it." Etheredge waited to hear no more. In his present frame of mind he felt as if he could not bear it. He went home and shut himself up in his chamber. After all, Richardson had been true. How bitterly he had been wronged! Annie could repent aivl love him more than ever If she knew the injustice she had done him. That was a wouians na ture. She atones Tor wrong Dy giving love. Etheredge felt faint and sick. The future shut down dark and blank. And only an hour before he had dared indulge such glowing dreams. He saw his duty clearly enough, but it is not always easy to do one's duty. There was a little struggle between his heart and his conscience. A hundred times the temptation beset him to keep his knowledge all to himself and win Annie for his own. She would never know that Richardson was blameless, and his great love would make her so happy! At last he knelt down and prayed over it. He always prayed over those tilings which were too. hard for him. After that he rose and sat down by the window. For him there was no more hesitation. If he could make An nie happy, what mattered it to him how it was accomplished f He went down to the sitti.ig-rooni about sunset. He knew he should a ml Annie there. Annie was sewing by a sliaded lamp. Slie did not like the glare of the gas. There was a rich color on her cheek, over which the loose hair dropied low. Milton Etheredge's heart leaped at the sight of her, but he stilled it down and took a seat beside ner. "Annie," hesaid, "I am an old friend, and think you will not be offended if I ask you a few questions. Xot because I am curious, but because l uesire your good more than any earthly thing." She looked up In wonderment, nou 9 the etranze linstea liness of: his voice and the tremor of the hand he laid on hers. "Offended with you, Mr. fcthereage r she said, reproachfully. "Xever that. Goon. I am listening." "Annie, you were once engageu Leigh Richardson T" Her head droopeu lower, urew n.. came and went in her cheeks. "I was," she said, in a low voice. "You h.ved him, and he loved you? Was it not so, my child?" "We called it love." "And you thought him false?" "As Satan himself." "What if you knew that he was not false? that he was true to you always? that the contemptible letter which you read, purporting to have been written by him, was a vile forgery? What then?" She wns looking at him in mute sur prise. She drew a long breath. "Was it a forgery?" "It was. I have just heard the his tory of it. .An ill-natured acquaintance of Richardson's, to gratify a petty re venge, wrote the letter, and dropped it where you would be sure to find It. Leigh Richardson was loyal and true." "Annie, my dear child, shall I speak to Mr. Richardson about this mistake?" "If you please. I would like hhn to know that he is clear in my eyes. I think he would be glad to know It. Tell him just how it was, and ask him to forgive me if I was harsh with him." "Is that all?" "That is all.". ' i ' "Annie!" "Mr. Etheredge!" "Pardon me for pursuing the subject; but, if you still care for him, you will want to siieak to him on the matter yourself." "But I do not care for him." "You do not? Why, may I ask?" She blushed red as a rose. Ktheredge put the blush aud the portrait . he had seen her kiss together. A sharp pang pierced him. "Is it because you love another?" "Yes," she said, quietly, "it is lie cause I love another." "And that other." She rose abruptly, and flung off the detaining hand he laid on her arm. You have no right to ak me that," she said, hoarsely. "I.et me go. You torture me." 'I torture you, Annie; I ?" What possessed him he did not know ; lerhaps something her eyes said to him made him I old. He put his arm around her, and drew her close to his side. "Anule, If you love another I must give you to him ; your happiness shall be secured to you though mine be ship wrecked. I did not mean to tell you, darling, but I love you so it almost kills me to think of losing you. Oh, Annie, Annie! My little, lost Annie!" Her face grew rosy as the morning. She put her arm around his neck. "Xot lost but found," she said, softly. "Annie," he cried, breathlessly, "do not deceive me? What of the picture I saw you kissing?" She laughed a little, and crimson with confusion drew the locket from her bosom and held it up to him. He saw his own face. "Forgive me, Milton. I got it of the artist, and have worn it these two years. I.eigh Richardson is nothing to me you are all." PwlpllB. Who knows what becomes of the old pulpits? What curious tales might be told of some of them ; and if they could speak or wiite, what curious tales they could tell ! But, as a matter of curiosity, we should like to know whether any of the pilgrim pulpits, for instance are in existence, and where. Iet some of the the old brethren rub up their memories and let us see what is known of these old standpoints. . To give an idea of what we mean, here are three or four facts about pul pits in Europe: In a closet near the door of the church of St. Xicholas, at lA-ipsic, is the pulpit In which Martin Luther, the reformer preached. The pulpit of the celebrated Richard Baxter is still preserved in the vestry of the Unitarian church at Kiddermins ter, and was occupied by the writer a few years ago. It is small, and of oc tagonal form. In the front, near the top, are the words, iu yellow letters, 'Praise ye the Ixird ;" and on the front panels are the words, Daw widow gave this." John Banyan's pulpit was removed many years since, from Bedford to London and it is feared is now lost. His vestry chair is yet preserved in the vestry of the present church ; his pulpit Bible is in the possession of the distin guished family tf Whitebreads, who purchased it for a large sum, and his large awkward pulpit candlesticks are hi the pulpit of the Baptist church at Irthlingborough, in Northamptonshire. The pulpit of the excellent Dr. Istac Walts was sold a few years ago in Lon don, and is yet used In a small place o worship In that city. The pulpit used by George Whitefield, in his open air efforts on Blackheath, was carefully preserved unitil a few years since, when it was borrowed . by a careless preacher and broken. '. . ; A Uwywaad a Wife. The tedious session of the supreme court at Fittsfield Mass.. was recently relieved by an Incident. A leading member of the bar, rather noted for strategy of confusing witnessess by working them into a passion, had under cross-examination a woman who seemed on apt subject for bis favorite tactics; having wound her "up to the desired pitch, he Inquired "Madam, are you now living, with your first or second husband?" "That's none of your business !" sharp and short. With an offended dignity, the attor ney turned to Chief Justice Bringham, who said with a smile : "I think the witness is about right in that, is she not?" This reminds the old members of the bar of a similar misadventure that a still more distinguished member of the Berksldre bar once met at the hands of Chief Justice Shaw. Where did you get the money with which you made the purchase spoken of?" asked the "learned brother" Of a wituess under the torture of a cross ex amination. "Xone of your (gentle expletive) business!" Urundered the victim. "Xow may it please yonr honor, are counsel to be insulted in this manner!" appealed the lawyer. "Witness," said the chief justice compassionately, "do you wish to change your last answer," "Xo sir, I don't!" "Well, I wouldn't if I were in your place." 1 he Sejwlrrel aad the Burglar. A German story thus illustrates the fact that no creature is too small to be of use, sooner or later : , , "An apothecary had a tame sqnirrel, which he was In the frequent habit of regaling with nuts, and which he used to keep in his own private room adjoin ing his shop. The little fellow was al lowed plenty of liberty, for the door of his cage was frequently left open, and he used to climb up doors and windows and spring thence upon iiis master's hand. "On cue occasion he jumped upon the broad-brimmed hat of a Ouaker who came into the shop. He made friends with all his master's acquaintances, but if anybody teased him he could show that he knew how to bite. "As the winter came on, he was in the habit of building himself a nest of any tow he might find about, and used to choose for residence the pocket of his mister's coat. When, in the evening, the coat was taken off and hung upon a nail, the lit tle squirrel would climb up the door on which the nail stood, run down the coat, and take up his quarters in the pocket, carrying always in his mouth a good supply of the tow, which he had prepared and rolled together beforehand, and with which he contrived to make in the pocket the cosiest night's lodg ing in the world. "A housebreaker, watching his op portunity, selected an especially dark night forgetting in through the window of the apothecary's little back room be hind the shop, with, as you may Imag ine, no good end in view. "He knew that the apothecary kept no dog; he could easily guess where his coat was likely to be hanging up. He soon found the pocket, and was just about to lighten it of purse, pocket-book and keys, when a misfortune totally tin- exjM-cted befell him. In rummaging for keys and purse, he had struck the squirrel, of whose strange habits with regard to his bed room he had not been aware. "Xot liking to be thus suddenly dis turbed, the little animal gave the thief so sharp a bite on his thumb that he could not forbear yelling with pain, and the master of the house, alarmed at the unusual sound, came into the room armed with the poker, just as the thief was escaping through the window. "The watchman happening to be pas sing, the unwelcome guest was given in to custody ; and as the geese at Rome had saved the capital by their cackling, so the little squirrel had saved his mas ter's property by lodging iu his coat pocket." Cape Eterallv. Those who sailed up the Sauguenay, from Tadousac, on the lower St. Law rence, to Ha Ha Bay will have been struck with the magnificence of the scenery, and esecially with the awful grandeur of those frowning citadels of granite that seem built among the clouds, aad that, at some points, so over hang the mighty waters at their base as to almost shut them out completely from the light of day. As the speed of the steamer is retard ed invariably when passing beneath those frowning bastions, for the pur pose of giving t ie tourist an opportuni ty of surveying them leisurely, one is impressed with a Pence of impending danger, as it is impossible to look at the millions of tons of solid rock, oised in mid-air above you, without a suspicion flashing through your mind that there might be a bare possibility of the dark, appalling mass missing its foot and coming thundering down upon you with a destructive force beyond all cal culation. It has been ascertained that some of those gigantic battlements have their foundations buried thousands of leet in the waters they sweep up to heaven nearly another thousand, making in all an unbroken mass of rock alout two thousand feet In hight. The most stupendous of these i in lo sing works of nature is Cape Eterniiy, a grand promontory .vhuh runs out Into the river, where the water is a hou sand feet deep in places, and where the steamer, asln.Tririty Rock, always lies to, so that the passengers may feast their eyes on the uncqiialcd scene, and the seals swimming about iu the dis tance. There is a strange story connected with this cape, which may, doubtless have suggested its name. In ancient times, the legeud informs us, a young Indian became deeply enamored of a daughter of one of the chiefs of his tribe, who was a scorceress, but lovely beyond comparison, and who declared that she would never marry an Indian who had not shot or captured a white doe and brought it to her lodge. This once understood by her young suitor, he was on the 710 ritt day and night, but all in vain. Xo white doe had ever crossed his path, and he had already given up all hope and aban doned the chase. The beautiful scorcer ess, however, had come to love him and sympathise with his hapless case. But a ban was on her also, for the Queen .. f her terrible craft had so ordained it that she should never become united to any one save under the conditions men tioned. Perceiving him wasting away, how ever, she one day, while he was wan -deting on the verge of the awful steep of Cape Kternity, suddenly presented herself before him in the shape of a white doe that had apparently just emerged from a thicket. On catching a glimpse or the beauti ful creature his anguish knew-no bounds, for he had no weapon where with to slay ber, or means of capturing her. On she -ame, howe er,- grazing and seemingly unconscious of his pres ence, until she gained the verge of the cliff, within a single pace of him. when at one bound he threw his arms about her neck. In his eagerness to secure her, how ever, he came against her with such force that she lost her balance and fell over, the cliff, carrying him with her. When in mid-air, nevertheless, and be fore they had sank forever into the aw ful abyss, he uttered a cry of joy, for she had resumed her natural shape, and he perceived that he held his be loved clasped in bis arms. , . The legend Is a pretty one, although it is alleged that it had its origin in the circumstance of a young hunter having once chased a moose so hotly that the animal leaped over the precipice; when he, coming too swiftly and suddenly to its brink, and unable to check his speed was carried over also. LaaaaerCs Leap. Xear Xewcastle, is Sandy ford Bridge, thirty six feet above the river, which, like many Xorthern streams, is seldom quite full, but flows in a channel, with the rocky bed bare on each side; an ugly bridge to look up to; or to look over, driving by. In Scotland and the North of England, when our wise ancestors got hold of so dizzy and dangerous place, the made the most of it; with incredulous perver sity they led the approach to such a bridge either down a steep, or nearly at right angles. They carried Sandyford lane up to the bridge on the rectangu lar plan, and thereby secured two events which were but the result of their skill in road-making, yet, taken in conj mic tion, have other claims to notice. At a date I hope some day to ascertain precisely, but at present I can only say that it was very early in the present century, a young gentleman called Lam bert, was run away with by his horse: the animal came tearing down Sandy- ford lane, and, thanks to ancestral wis dom aforesaid, charged the bridge with such momentum and impetus that he knocked a slice off the battlement, and half a ton of masonry, Into the air, and went down after it into the river, with his rider. The horse was killed; Mr. Lambert, though shaken, was not seriously in jured by this awful leap. The masou- ry was repaired ; and, to mark the event, these words, "Lambert's Leap," were engraved on the new coping-stone. The road was allowed to retain its happy angle. December 5, 1822, about eleven, fore noon, nr. John Nicholson, of Newcas tle, a student in surgery, was riding in Sandvford lane. His horse ran away with him, and being unable to take the sharp turn for such cases made and pro vided, ran against the battlement of the bridge. It resisted this time, and brought the horse to its knees; but the animal, being now thoroughly terrified, rose and actually leaped, or scrambled, over the battlement, and fell into the rock bed below, carrying away a single coping stone, viz., the stone engraved "Lam bert's Leap." That stone was broken o pieces by the fall; the poor young man was so cruelly injureu mat ne never spoke again; he died at seven o'clock that eveaing but the horse was so little the worse, and so tamed by the fall, that he was at once ridden into Xewcastle for assistance. The reversed fates of the two animals, and the two incidents happening with in an Inch of each other, have earned them a place in this collection. Richardson's "Local Historian's Ta ble Book" relates the second leap, and refers to the first, which is also authen ticated. ChMrle$ lieade. Satrillve Valaa aft-ralta. Very many persons overestimate the value of fruits as a food. To tell the plain truth they are not much in that way, and therefore should be considered more in the light of a luxury. You could not live long on fruits alone. Kvery lutd boy knows this he well re members bow soon hunger returns after he has enjoyed the freedom of some neighbor's orchard unknown to the proprietor. The indulgence fills him, but doesn't satisfy him, simply for the reason that the food taken does not contain the requisite food elements for his organization. Dr. Freseuius but lately been ana lyzing various fruits with a view to ascertaining their relative value as foods. In his list he puts cherries as exhibiting: the lowest relative - value at 01. j hundred and seventeen, apples, one hundred and ninety-two, grapes, at one hundred and twenty, blackber ries, one hundred and ninety-six, goose berries, two hundred and twenty-seven, apricots, two hundred and twenty, plums, two hundred, strawbeeries, one hundred and sixty-one, common plums two hundred and ten, pears, three hun dred and eighty-live, raspberries one hundred and eighty-three, peaches, two hundred and ten, and white desert ap ples two hundred and fifty-four. Ac cording to this, he says, it would take very nearly five pounds of pears to yield as much albumen (real food) as is con tained in a single hen's egg. Prof. Voit., of Munich, says a man in ordi nary work requires every twenty-four honrs for his nutrition as much albu men as Is contained in eighteen eggs, so if it were required to give him the necessary amount in the form of pears, no less than seventy-five pounds per diem must be eaten. Notwithstanding these startling dis closures, adds the Live Stock Record, the value of fruit, as an article of diet, is not to be despised. Not only is it most easily digested In itself, but by rea son of the acids, which all its varieties contain (though oftentimes so disguised by sugary matter as to be imperceptible to the taste), it aids in the digestion of other substances which are less amena ble to the action of an ordinary stomach. But those persons who Intend to be come vegetarians especially if they have a failing for pears, and expect to grow fat on them should be sure their stomach capacity to sufficiently large before they entirely foreswear the use of fish, flesh and fowL . While the acids alluded to are good In some cases, they are in many in stances the worst faults that fruits have. Few persons with weak stomachs can stand them, which explains why sick headache prevails to such an ex tent ia fruit time. Very many persons suffer severe attacks of sick headache from eating acid fruits. Of these toma toes are most to be dreaded ; apples come next,' oranges next, and peaches next. The scuppernong grape is gen erally considered 'very unwholesome, but our observation teaches us that it is less likely to bring on sick headache than most other acid fruits. Capital aad Laaer. ' Ask any economist, and he will tell you that capital Is the accumulation of past labor, intended to move or assist labor, and It Is either a transient or per manent assistance, the former requiring constant renovation, the latter being of an enduring character. Ask him what labor is, anu he will tell you that it is the power which intelligence gives man over the properties of matter and life by which muscular effort can make matter useful. It will be added that this power which the laborer is able to exercised over matter may be either the direct action of the man, or may be indirectly exhibited upon cer tain inorganic and organic powers; in other words, that the workman may be plying his own muscles, or may be guiding animal power, or be using steam , wind or any other natural motion which man is able to control and direct for his own ends. In technical language economists speak of fixed and circulat ing capital, of muscular and nervous labor. All these definitions aud dis tinctions, however, are not fundamental, but only denote tendencies under which the same facts appear in different forms, or in which one of the circumstances which accompanies the fact is exhibited in different degrees of intensity. Thus the labor of the manager is said ta be nervous, that of a workman muscular. But unintelligent effort is of no avail, even for the commonest acts, nor can the sharpest Intelligence give effect to ts thoughts, except by means of mus cular effort. Xo labor appears to be more characteristic of the brain than the thoughts of a poet or musician are, but both these personages must at least exercise the mechanical funetion of writing or speaking. Again it is true, that capital is the accumulation of past labor, embodied or condensed in mater ial objects. With one exception, name ly, land available for occupation or cul tivation in densly peopled countries, there is no object whatever which pos sesses value, that has not obtained its value by reason that labor has been ex peoded on it. A sack of wheat, a bale of cotton, a barrel of wine, a wedge of gold, a house, or a spinning machine posses ses, whatever value the market assigns to it by reason that labor has been ex pended on its production. It signifies nothing from its mint of view, whether the article is movable or has been gifted with qualities which cannot be recov ered or resumed in their original form. In every case it is labor, and labor only, which confers on these subjects those properties which economists recognise and comment on. Pmf. R'ier. Aaeteat aad Madera Savela. There is an element in the prose fic tion of the last century which places it in strong contrast with the novel of the present time. We are now inclined to regard tha novelist as before all things an artist. His work is judged by the laws proper to imaginative literature, and success or failure is reckoned by reference to a standard which would have been scarcely understood by the writers or by the public of an earlier time. On one point in particular mod ern critics are wont to be unfailingly severe. The novelist is not permitted to be a teacher of morals. Pardon may be granted for other faults of style or knowledge, but the fault of attempted instruction is deemed unpardonable, and the writer who now undertakes to deliver sage counsel on the rewards of virtue or the perils of vice is at once and confidentially judged to be igno rant of the first principle of his craft. This modern view of the requirements of fiction is curiously opposed to the practice of the writers of the hist cen tury. There, at least, we find no doubt in the mind of the author as to the pro priety of instructing his readers. The novel was understood to be the vehicle for discusslve comment upon munners and morals, and the element in fiction now held to be supreme occupied then only a subordinate place. The gift of characterization, since discovered to be the one enduring element in those cum brous works of fiction, was held at the time to be subject to the power of the essayist; the individual personages of the history slowly emerged from a world of wise and witty comment offered In dependently by the author; and when we strive to reach the motive of one of these earlier novels, it is impossible not to feel that by the novelist himself the facts of the story were regarded mainly as useful machinery by the aid of which he might deliver himself of a store of pregnant criticisms upon men and man ners. The fortune and fate of the hero formed no doubt an object of Interest to him; and we may note everywhere in the literature of the Eighteenth cen tury the signs of a new pleasure in be ing able to describe and imitate the minutest facts of real life, and to trans fer them into the mimic world of fictien; but all this side of his labor was evi dently deemed of less dignity and con sideration than the functions of a moral Instructor. London Saturday Eeckic. Historical Beeeareh Aheat Fire. The Eetue Scicntiftijut prints a curiou paper by Professor Joly, in which he inquires by whom, and when fire was first discovered. Alluding to the fable of Prometheus, be finds it of Indian origin. In the Vedas the god of fire, Airn", (compare with the Ittin ijnis,) ic concealed in a secret place whence the god Matarishvan forces him out, and makes him communicate the celestial fire to Manou, the first man, the very name of Prometheus is traceable to Vedas, and calls to mind the process employed by the ancient Brahmins to obtain the sacred fire. For this purpose they used a stick, called pramatha, which they ignited by friction. The prefix pra gives the idea of taking by force, a circumstance which strength ened the evidence afforded by the re semblance of that word to Prometheus. There are several ways of obtaining fire by friction, the most primitive one consisted in rubbing two pieces of dry wood against each other; but this was improved in coarse of time. A stick was made to slide very fast np and in a groove; then came a "fire drill," consisting in a piece of wood having a cavity in which a stick was inserted, which was pressed upon by the opera tor, who at the same time made it turn very fast after the fashion of a wimble. The Brahmins used this drill, but with a chord rolled around it, by pulling which they gave an alternate rotatory motion to the stick. Another mode of obtaining fire was that of striking two flints together, Ac. Professor Joly now arrives at the question as to whether prehistoric man was in possession of fire. The Abbe Bourgeois goes so far as to say it was known as early as the miocene period because in the sands of the Orleanais he has found a piece of artificial paste having cinders adhering to it, lying in the midst of boues of the mastosdon and dinoterium. Our author considers the thing not Impossible, but not sufficiently proved, nevertheless he is positive that the most ancient quater nary man did use fire, many fire-places with ashes, cinders, half-calcined bones and fragments of rude pottery having unquestionably been found iu caverns pertaii ingto the period of the reindeer, the bear, and polished stone. Hpaaisa Brlcaadaaje. Keeping along the eastern coast of Spain, our travelers visited Tarrapona and Valencia. When Baron Davillier first went over this route, some years previous to his trip with Dore, there were no railroad, aud brigands were said to infest it. According to the tales of travelers, no one ever set out without preparing for some adventure, and those who lived to return, if they had not been actually attacked, had barely escaped, and could tell at least one tale of mysterious Spaniards, wrapped alike In their mantles and the gloom of the night, or disappearing suddenly lieut ou some deed of darkness, with their uplifted swords or daggers gleaming in the pale moonlight. These were the good old times, when the coaches were regularly stopped, and no one ever set tled in his seat without having his ran som ready at hand. The brigand's pro fession was then a lucritive one, carried on in broad daylight, and each highway was scoured by its own peculiar band, who regarded it as private property. It is even said that the r'rt the drivers were in league with the ban dits, and agreed with them to share their booty, or rather the coachman paid a regular blackmail, which was contributed by the passengers; aud, curiously enough, the members of the band always knew when and where to receive this tribute. Sometimes the chief of a band, having earned a compe tency by the exercise of his noble pro fession, would settle down to an uuevent ful life of simple respectability, but be fore abandoning the king's highway he was careful to sell the good-will of his business to some enterprising successor, who probably insiected the accounts, and was fully instructed in the secrets of the profession. In spite of these very attractive storiss, alas! our travel ers never saw, far or near, the figure of a single brigand, al'hough they fre quently traversed the roads and rocky j leflles recommended to be the most like ly and dangerous. Still these bandits are now and then heard of, and as re cently as 1371 they displayed enterprise and boldness enough to stop a railway train near Sierra Morena, and rob the passengers. Traveling by diligence is, of course, still In vogue where the railroads have not penetrated, and this method of progression has its wild ex- Citements, in spite of the diminution of brigandage. Between Barcelona and Valencia, Davillier and Dore passed a frightful ravine, into which a diligence had been precipitated, carrying in its fall both horses and travelers. Sfrllmer. Van la be Idle. There are undoubtedly seasons and periods when it Is wise to wait wheu it is not wise to commence an undertak ing, great or small. There are studies which it is not worth a man's while to take up, pursuits which is not worth his while to follow, minutes and hours which it is not worth while to fill with an occupation. Xo doubt we have all our peculiar notions on this head. It does not seem to us worth while to read at dinner-time, or out of doors, or to set one's self to learn a language iu re curring spare moments; these acts come under the same category of virtue with the old housewife's economy of time which makes her sit up iu bed and knit stockings in the dark, or rethread her needle, at infinite expense of time and eyesight, to save an inch of cotton. There are vast numbers of small indus tries that are not worth the while of a man with one settled occupation which engages a fair portion of his time. We have not much faith in the achievements done in odd minutes. We believe that there is usually more loss than gain by them, and that manners and conversation both suffer where there is this trick of thinking it worth while to pull out some impediment of labor pen, pencil, or needle at times when other people are content to seem unemployed, and are only busy in be ing agreeable and placing themselves at the service of their company. Xoth ing ministers so much to impatience as these habits. It is an evidence of tho rough self mastery when a man who knows how to use time has the sense to recognize when time is not worth using in any definite, ostensible way Praraally. We are emphatically in the the age of profanity, and it seems to us that we are on the topmost current. One cannot go on the streets anywhere without having his ears offended with the vilest words, and his reverence shocked by the most profane use of sacred names. Xor does it come from the old or middle aged alone, for it is fact that the younger por tion of the community are most profi cient in degrading language. Boys have an Idea that it is smart to swear; that it makes them manly, but there neter was a greater mistake in the world. Men, even those who swear themselves, are disgusted with profanity in a young man, because they know how, of all bad habits, this clings the most closely and increases with years. It is the most in sidious of habits, growing on one so In visibly, that almost before one is aware he becomes an accomplished curser. KXW8 EI sun- Mr. Sothern has contributed owe hundred pounds to the royal dramatic fund. The Venezuelan government ha forbidden the Importation of foreign silver coins. New Zealand last vear exjiorted nearly 54,500,000 pounds of wool valued at $10,000,000. There are 40,000 lawyers in the United States, of whom one hundred and ninety-eight are in Congress. The Advice is the name of a new Michigan paper which the sanguine publisher supposes people will take. Immense herds of buffalo have aj peared near the Red River, In Mani toba, after ten years of total absence. Governor Hayes has invited his old regiment to bold their annual reunion next year on his grounds at Fremont, O. In a Methodist belfry up in Ver mont a swarm of bees have started a hive and deposited fifty pounds ol honey. The Seminole war began when Jackson was President, and lasted until after the death of President Harrison. It cost $10,000,000 aud 1,466 lives. The Oil City Derrick says that the oil region is worth $J5,0w),0OO more than it was three months ago, before the rise in the price of petroleum. There are now 400 granges, with a membership of 4,000, in Massachusetts, though Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk and Plymouth counties have but one grange each. Xew Orleans has a restaurant where one may get a breakfast, dinner or supper for five cents, while tor 20 ceuts one may fairly wallow in luxu ries. The Lehigh Valley Railway Com pany have bought the Geneva, Ithaca and Athens Railroad, paying $UO,000. The road will bear a new name in the future. There are said to le 28,876 chairs kept as relics because Washington once sat in them. It is noticed that some of them are exact types of the style cur rent in 1875. The Duchess of Edinburgh has contributed $125 for the relief of the widows and orphans of men who lost their lives by the explosion 011 board the Thunderer. Three of the Siamese twins' chil dren are in Missouri, demonstrating the fact that "three of a kind" can beat "one pair" earning a living as wood chopiers in the West. The study of the French language Is said to be the most opular optional study with the junior class at Yale. Xinety members of the class haw chosen it, while thirty take the cal culus. The I'nited States Fish Commis sion have directed the forwarding of 500,000 eggs of the California salmon to the . estport (Conn.) Trout Associa tion, to be hutched and placed in public waters. An audience of 7000 people, more or less, assembled at the grand stand of the Lenawee (Mich.) fair to see David D. Smith and Lizzie Sloan get married. They won a rook stove by thus being married. A bronze statue of Hans Christian ersted, the discoverer of elcctro-mag netism, has been erected in Copenhagen. Oersted was born on the island of l.aa land in 1777. and died on the Hth of March, 1851. The American Print Company at Fall Hi ver, are about to enlarge their works, at an expense of several bun dred thousand dollars, which will in crease their capacity from 4,000 to 6.0UU pieces a dar. The present rice crop of Georgia and South Carolina is estimated at 75,- tierces, or about nve per cent, more mau aiijr uro biiii mt; mar. iru- duct this year has been grown 31 a greatly reduced cost. The rennsylvania Railroad Com pany, have sworn in all their employes as special policemen, who now have the authority to arrest as tresspassers tramps who get on the cars of that line w ithout money or ticket. Iespite stagnant trade ami a bad season iu 1875 as many as 10,07:1 uea houses were built in London, ltW new streets anil four squares were opened, ami 3,775 houses were In course of con struction at the elose of the season. Four brothers in Hawkins county. Tenu., married fmr sisters about thirty years ago and now have 54 children, the average family being 13' j. The progress of Kast Tennessee evidently does not depend upon immigration. Mr. John Adriance, of Galveston, Tex., has a Mexican coin dated 171o, which was taken from the centre of a piece of rock found in the bottom ol' the Rio Grande. The finder of the coin writes that the rock is very hard and almost transparent. Some weeks ago a tiger escaied from Van Amburgh's menagerie, while it was traveling through South Jersey. Xothlng was heard of the animal until one night recently, when it carried off a beifer from the farm of Mr. John Smith, near Mount Holly. It is a curious fact that iu th- whole of Newfoundland there is Mot a single grist mill of any description. Little grain is ripeneu in the country, though as fine oats and barley can be grown there as in any part of the world and in the western region wheat ripens well. Mr. Turner Kvans, of Paris, Iowa, has In his possession a mad-stone which he affirms and has the documents to prove, has effected C80 cures of persons and animals bitten bv rabid dogs, iu some cases where hydrophobic convul sions had set in. I he stone Is 110 larger than the end of a man's thumb. and weighs but a quarter of an ounce. Peter C. Campbell, of Malae Quebec is one of the claimants for the great Breadalbane estate I n Perthshire, Soot- land which is now without an owner. He left Portland. Me., for Scotland last Monday, in company with a lawyer and will test his claim in the Scottish courts. The estate is 115 miles long and 30 miles broad, and yields a yearly income of $000,000. Information as to the portraits on postage stamps: "The bust on the one- cent stamp represents Franklin ; twos, Jackson; threes Washington; fives, Taylor ; sixes, Lincoln ; sevens, Stanton ; tens, Jefferson ; twelves, Clay; n I teens, Webster; twenty-fours, Scott; thirties, Hamilton ; nineties, Perry. The seven twelve and twenty-four cent stamps are not now issued, but many of them are in circulation." It is thought that the dying Cardi nal AntoneUi will leave 20,000,000 francs, beside objects of art to the ex tent of a further 1.500,000. He pos sesses one of the finest collection of pre cious stones in Euroe, including diamonds of purest water, cuieraldsnn excelled, and pearls and turquoises of great Size. ll- ha several nephews, but It is asserted tint much of bis 1 wealth will be given lo the Pope. t 1 V i c a .
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers