VOLUME 2.
The Poor Whites Again.
We must educate them. That is our
own answer to the question W hat shall
we do for the poor whites? We must
create a new South by taking the negro
in one hand and the poor white in the
other aid leading them forth from their
squalid huts and cabins into the pleasant
cottages and school-rooms of Northern
civilization. It is ignorance that has de
graded both classes ; it has been because
the Soot h had rum-shops where the North
has School houses, and slavmarts where
the North has liberties, that we have had
a long war and have now a heavy debt—
The schoolmaster was abroad when the
poor whites squatted, and he found no
attractions to induce him to return.—
What he should have given,the mothers
of the poor whites could not supply,
llad every teacher in the North enlisted
in the army, the rising generation would
liaidly have missed them, l'or it is oui
glory that our women are everywhere a
highly cultivated class; that there is
hardly a position now held by men in any
of our schools or colleges fbrwhieh a wo
man, nearly equally w;lt qualified, could
not be quickly provided in an emergency.
But the women of the South are more
illiterate tliau the men. Of the 88,;»2U
ndult Virginians who, in could
neither read nor write, 53,135 were wo
men ; and in every Southern Slate the
proportion was in favor of the men.
This accounts, in a large measure, tor the
greater virulence of Southern women,
which has everywhere been displayed
agains' our force# of occupation, Saved
by the fact of their sex from the dangers
of war, and shut out, by their gross ig
noranc-, from all opportunities ol examin
ing into its remoter cause*, they have been
the zeahmn champions it a movement
which would have perpetuated Slavery,
and thereby, as every Southern mother
knows, would havo entailed generations
more of home tragedies, ol jealousies, of
secret forms of social corruption ; for it
would have caused the matron to suspect
always, and often to know, that cell ot
h.M female servants was her rival, or the
mistress of her sons, and many a e'eeret
shudder it would have caused her ns she
thought of tho perils to which the daugh
ters of her household were constantly ex
posed. Half has not been told of the
misery which Slavery brought into every
.Southern home. And yet—so potent its
iguoranoo—the women, who were the
chief victims of Slavery, were its chief
companions also.
The war has placed tho poor whites in
a position where we can reach them, for
the first time in our liistoiy, without beg
ging leave of thoir political ami social
superiors, who persistently and consis
tently were hostile to their elevation
To be sure there wore exceptions to this
1 general rule; as where Memmingor and
Aiken, in Charleston, succeeded in es
tablishing common schools in the teeth of
n bold opposition by the Khetts and oth
ers, who did not hesitate to say that tho
poor people hud no bettor right to an edu
cation than the slaves, But such excep
tions were few in number and far between
in territory Tho war has also enabled
tho poor whites to appreciate to some ex
tent their own degraded position; and
the revelation has visited not a few of
them that there is no necessary alliance
betwccu ignorance and poverty —that the
mechanics and farm laborers and small
farmers of tho North arc as well educated
as the children of tho rich planters who
lorded it over them. The war has ren
dered the poor whites another service—
it has tuught them habits of regularity,
nnd it has forced them to work. It hai
brought them into contact, also, with men
from every section of the country, and
new ideas have thus found their way iuto
regions where nothing less powerful than
HU nrmy could have carried them for us.
St ll more, it has shown them that their
old leaders were un3t for their position ;
that "a rail-splittar and a tailor," after
all, were ablo to put down the united
chivalry in arms. They are learning an
other lesson now. They see the proudest
.of the haughty slave-masters sue daily
and humbly for pardon from a tailor who
was once a poor whito. This kpeotaele is
"demoralizing" them hopeftjlly. Some- j
times we may have scoret doubts of it, but
perhaps, it' we could see the end from the
beginning, wc would say that everything
happens for the best. Certainly, in or
der that we might remain u united peo
ple it was necessary that the old South
should be reduced to sts original ele
ments.
It may be said that if the war Las
done so much for the poor whites, why is
there the listlessness and apathy of which
we have complaiu d? Wo believe that
it is mainly because poor whites have
not been accustomed to independent poli
tical action and do not know how togo
about it. They have no leaders—for the
AMERICAN CITIZEN
old ruling class absorbed or exiled "all
the talents;" and those men who would
naturally aspire to represent the poor
whites are not yet sure how the political
ehees-bftard stands. In other words, they
are on tho fence, and do not know on
which side of it the Federal loves and
fishes will be stored.
It will not bo possible for the Freed -
nien's Aid Societies to educate the poor
whites even if they were disposed to do
so. because the existing prejudices of the
people would prevent them from woiking
harmoniously with both classes. They
would be obliged to neglect one or the
ojher. It has beed proposed to establish
a National Bureau which shall superin
tend tho educational interests of the na
tion. The South made nothing of the
National Government, and now there is
a disposition to make everything of it.—
Buckle has demonstrated by the records
of other countries that the less a govern
ment does for a science the better for it;
and our'own national interference with
the science of agriculture—as one illus
tration—docs not show that we have im
proved on the method of Europe. The
English historian says that the right men
seldom get the offices or the rewards; and
that when thes do, this "protective spir
it," as ho calls it, prostrates individual
enterprise and ends in the downfall of the
ib teres tit was designed to foster. Any
attemet to"run the schools" by the na
tion would result in fierce sectarian con
tests and put back the cause, by these
and other quarrels, for a quarter of a cen
tury. Already we see specks of this dan
ger in tho management of the Freed
men's Aid Societies; and if tt sninetimes
shows its luad in voluntary organizations
it would inevitably leap, armed cap-a-pie,
into u national Bureau of Education.
Our suggestions is that voluntary asso
ciations be. formed for th<! secular educa
tion of the poor whites, and thst, at the
same 'inio. lecturers be sent among them
to explain the true character of our Gov
ernment. its origin and history,the heresy
of iStitte Sovereignty in its Southcrh in
terpretation, and the various questions of
living interest which now divide, or will
vion divide, the gloat political parties.
Hitherto, the poor whites have never hoard
other tl»« the (Southern version of all
our controversies, and hence came aliena
tions which can only be permanently over
come by the utmost diligence on our part
now. Let thi.-plan be tried in the mean
time,am', when the Southern Constitu
tions are submitted tu Congress, it may
be pertinent then to discuss and decide
whether any Stato shall have the "re
served right" to neglect she education of
any portion of its people.—A*. Y. Tribune
The Wirz Trial.
WASHINGTON CITY, Sept. 31, lSt>s.
Nothing new in the Wirz trial has been
brought to light during the past week.—-
Though the defense have used all sorts of
strategy and summoned all sorts of wit
nesses to their aid, nothing yet has been
educed very favorable to the prisoner.—
Thus lar the main point of the defense
has been to prove that Wirz only acted
as directed by his superior officor, Gen.
Winder, and he is responsible and not
Win. This has been done to some ex
tent, but not sufficient as yet to clear
Wirz of any cf the inhuman cruelties
proved against him. We learn that reb
el official documents have been discover
ed of great importance, tending to give
much light oti the modus operandi of
working that diabolical prison pen. Let
ter press copies of original letters and
documents fix the crime of many of the
worst cruelties thore pjactised on high
rebel officials. Yesterday subpoenas were
issued and an officer dispatched to sum
nion before the Court Gen, Leo, Joe
Johnston, llowell. Cobb, Robert Ould,
ex-Governor Brown, of Georgia, and
other noted rebel leaders. The testimo
ny of these persons will be looked for
with interost, and will no doubt be very
lengthy.
Yosterday the White House was again
besieged by applicants for pardon, both
male and female. Such a vast number
of applicants had accumulated that the
President ordered a stamp fac-siuiilie of
his siguiture, by which means he can
rush through pardons at the rate ot a
thousand per day should it be necessary it
all applications are granted, which from
present appearance is quite likely. These
rebelß are geuerally all prepared to swear
auy and eveything, first to get a pardon,
and then to get an office. Several rebel
soldiers* applications for clerkships in
the Departments have been received and.
a few it is said have boen appointed.—
Hundreds of noted secesh women are
seeking clerkships in the treasury depart
ment.
She complex ion of the no-sit Congress
is a matter of considerable gossip among
the southerners now here. In the Sen-
" Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it"— A. LTN<?DI,W.
BUTLER BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 11 1863.
ate 25 States are now represented by 35
Unionists and 11 Democrats. Accord
ing to the party division that existed be
fore the war the House stands 140 Union
ists to 41 Democrats. Should all the
Southern States now without representa
tion, whose senators and members are yet
to be elected, choose candidates opposed
to universal suffrage, and should they all
be admitted, the Senate will stand 47
Unionists to 27 Democrats;, and the House
150 Unionists to 92 Democrats. This is
consoliug information for the Copperheads
Prominent Democrats who are here fiig
uring with the southerners say that there
will be a majority of ten in favor of ad
mitting the southern members who will
come here prepared to take tho test oath.
It is very doubtful if any of them be ad
mitted under any consideration whatever
during its coming session.
The Provost Marshal officers of Alex
andria, Fairfax Court House and Fort
Albany have been abolished and the rec
ords of the samo turned over to Col. In
graham.
To-day expires by limitation the order
of the Government authorities prohibi
ting the disinterment and removal North
of the bodies of the Union soldiers who
are buried in the different cemetries in
this vicinity. A great many bodies will
undoubtedly lie removed by relatives and
friends during the fall months.
The Christian Commission closed bu
siness yesterday turning over tothe Freed
nien's Bureau the st >ck of goods remain
ing on hand. The Christian Commission
has been a noble and agreat institution.
With hundreds of thousands of dollars
less than the Sanitary Commission it hat
done uiuch more and efficient work. It
is held in much more esteem by the sold
iers. The Sanitary Commission is blso
about to close its labors. It is not BO lib
eral with the goods remaining on hand,
prcfering to sell them off at auction and
raising a cash fund. It has now over
8400,00 in money. It is a query what
will be done with this surplus money on
hand. As the war has euded it is no
use keeping up a lot of I'igll salaried of
ficers.
The Secretary of tiie Treasury has
gone to Indiana on a two weeks leave.
Our city is very dull. No trade or
business of' any kind in operation. And
yet the Hotels are as much crowded as
if Congress was in session. There is
scarcely a room to be had. Four-fifths
of all the guests are Southerners und
many of them have engaged rooms already
for the winile winter.-— -Franklin Reposi
tory.
An Art,
To provide for the payment of bounties to
loluntr.crs in the County of /hitler.
SECTION 1. Re it enacted by the Sen
ate and House of Representatives of the
Common ,vea th of Penunsylvania in Gen
eral Assembly met, and it is hereby enac
ted by tire authority of the same,
That the School Directors or a majority
of them, of the several townships and
boroughs of the county of Butler shall
have the power to levy, assess and collect
on the property now taxable fir State and
county purposes a tax sufficient to pay a
bouiity of not exceeding Three Hundred
Dollars to each volunteer enlisted aud
credited on tho quotas of said districts
for the present or any future calls and
drafts.
SECTION 2. That in levying and collect
ing said tax the paid directors filial! have
power to include in the name n Poll or
Per capita tax on Each taxable Citizen
who is, or may be subject to a draft, of
not exceeding Twenty-five Dollars.
SECTION 3. That in case said Bounties
have already been raised and paid to said
volunteers in any of said districts, by
money subscribed, loaned, advanced or
paid by or through individuals or Commit
tees acting fur the Citizens, and with the
understanding or Condition that the same
should be repaid by general taxation, the
said Directors are hereby authorized and
required to repay the same to said persons
out of said monies so assessed and col
lected.
SECTION 4. That io assessing and col
lecting said taxes said Directors shall have
power to make such exonerations and ex
emptions as they may deem just and prop
er. and shall have power t6 appoint such
Collectors and issue such Warrants and
take such Bonds for the collecting and
safety of such monies as is provided by
existing Laws for the assessing and col
lecting nf State and county taxes, and do
all other acts and things necessary in the
preui ises. "
SECTION 5. All funds so raised for said
purposes shall be audited by the township
or borough Auditors of any of said dis
tricts, and if a oy surplus exists, the same
shall be paid over by said Directors to the
Common ScLeol fund of said districts.
SECTION 0. The S*JD couuty of Butles
shall be exempt from the provisions of the
General Bounty Law, approved Twenty
fifth March, Anno Domini, one thousand
tight hundred and sixty-fi.ur. TV her
ever said provisions are ineonsistant with
the provisions of this act.
HENRY C JOU.NSTON,
Speaker of the House of Rep's.
JOHN P. PENNY,
Speaker of the Senate.
A Supplement,
To an Act to provide for On: payment of
bounties to Volunteers in the County of
Butler.
SUCTION 1. Be itenaptcd by tho Sen
ate and House of Representatives of tin
Commenwealth of Pennsylvania in Gen
eral Assembly met, and it is hereby en
acted by tho authority of the same,
Thrt if the board of school Directors,
or ama jority of them, in any ol the town
ships or boroughs of said county, shall
neglect or refuse to levy and collect a tax
under the provisions of the Grjt section
of the act to which this is a supplement,
and a majority of the qualified electors of
any of the said townships or boroughs
shall have petitioned the said directors in
favor of said taxation, then the Court of
Common Pleas of said county shall, on
petition of any ten of sail electors and
upon due proof of all the facts, have
power to proceed by mandamus to compel
the said board of directors, to discharge
tho duties imposed upon them by this act,
and the act to which this is supplemen
tary.
! SECTION 2. That if r.ny of said Boards
oFßehdol Directors, or a majority of them,
! shall neglect, or refuse, to levy and col
lect u tax, under the provisions of the
third section of said ict, then on due
proof of all the facts in the case, the
court aforesaid, shall haVe the power to
proceed, by mandamus, to compel the said
defaulting boards of Directors to discbarge
the duties BO imposed upon them by said
act.
SEC. 3. That the word 11 taxable," in
tho second section, and the words "un
derstanding, or," in the third section, and
all, after tho word "whenever," in the
sixth section, aru hereby stricken out of
said act, to which this is a supplement.
SF.C. 4 The said boards of School Di
rectors in making the Exhdneratiocs and
Exemptions, provided by thoact to which
this is a supplement, eliall Kxoneralc and
Eximpt the property of all persons who
have lost two or more sons in the service;
also, the property of those wht> now have
two or mote sons in the service, without
having received any local bounty ; also,
the property of all Widows and fami
lies, Whose husbands or fathers have
fallen in battle, or died in the Service.
HENRY C. JOHNSON,
Speaker of the House of lieps.
JOHN L\ PENNY,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved the Twenty-second day of Au
gust, Anrio Domini, One Thousand
Eight Hundred and Sixty-three.
A. G. CCIITIN.
An Act.
A further supplement to an Act to provide
for the payn.cnt of bounties to volun
teers in the county of Butler.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the, Sen
ate and limine of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of l\nn*ylvaitia in Gen
eral Assembly met, and it is hereby enac
ted by the authority of the same, That the'
provisions of the act entitled an act to
provide for the payment of Bounties to
volunteers in the county of Butler, ap
proved fourteenth day of April, Anno
Domini, one thousand eight hundrcdaud
sixty-four, and also the supplement thereto
approved the twenty-second day of Au
gust, Anno Domini, one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four, be, and the same
is hereby repealed, BO far as the same re
lates to the townshipHof Marion, Mercer,
Oakland and Jefferson, and the Boroughs
of Millcrstown and Harmville.
SECTION 2. That tho property of re
turned soldiers, or those who have paid
commutation or furnished substitutes, and
not liable to the draft; also all the prop
erty of all soldiers now in the service and
credited to said county; also of widowed
mothers of soldiers who died in the ser
vice, is hereby exempt from taxation for
bounty purposes.
SECTION 3. That it is the true intent
and meaning of tho act to wh°ich this is
a supplement, and its supplement, that
the several boards of School Directors
shall have full power to make such exon
erations and exemptions (in addition to
those specially authorized) as they may
deem just and proper.
SECTION 4. The Hoard of 3ohool Di
rectors shall exonerate and exempt the
property of those who have lost, or may
hereafter lose, two ojf more sons in the
service; also tbe property of those who
now have, or may hereafter have, two or
mora sons ia the service; also the prop
erly of those who have lost, or jpay here-
after lose one sou in these.vice, and one
remaining in the service: also the prop
erty of those whose only son died, or may
hereafter die in the service, or whose only
son is in th ■ service, ot- may hereafter en,
ter the service ; also the property of wid~
oWs and families whose husbands or fath
ers have fallen in battle or died in the
service, FrotMtd, That the fourth section
of an uct supplement to an act to provide
for the payment of Bounties to volunteers
in the c6i<nty of Butler, approved twenty
second day of August, Anno Domini, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four,ls
hereby repealed.
A. G. OLMSTED,
Speaker of the House of Reps.
Ww. J. TUKRFI.L,
Speaker of the Senate
Approved the twenty-third day of March,
Anno Domiai, 0110 thousand eight hun
dred and sixty five..
A. <J. OUiITIN.
Manifesto of the Emperor of Austria
To MY PKOPLE : To nminttiin thepow
cr of the monarchy, by a participation of
all in the management of the highest
questions of the State; to insure the uni
ty of tha realm, by respecting the mani
folduess of its component parts and the
historical development of their several
laws ond rights, this was the leading idea
expressed In my diploma of October 20,
1 SCO. and which, for the welfare of my
faithful subjects, will still continuo to be
my guide. In that diploma, the right of
the different people to have a share and
vote in the legislature and in the adminis
tration of the finances, surf pledges for
furthering the interests both of tlie sub
ject and of the different countries, was
solemnly guaranteed and established
irrevocably. The fundamental law for
the legal representation of the Empire,
which was promulgated in my Patent of
February 2(3, 1801, laid clown the form
accordiug to which this right was lo be
exercised, and in the oth article of tlie
said Patent I announced that tho pre
existing fundamental laws, SB well those
then revised and those which I now pub
lish, were, all taken together and in their
embodiment, to be considered as forming
tho constitution of my Empire. To vivi
fy this dead form, to tliape harmoniously
the constitutional structure in all i!s parts
was tho task committed to the combined
free action of ail my people. I cannot
but remember with warm acknowledge
ment the readiness with which, during a
series of years, a largo portion of the
realm, following my behest, scut its de
puted representatives to tho capital of tho
Kip pi re, there to debate on and solve some
important questions about tho la»;s, the
State, and its economy. Yet my inten
tion, to whieh I still unchangeably ad
here, the intention of offering to the in
tention of offering to the interests of the
age the suro guarantee afforded by a con
stitutional form of government, whose
strength and whose aiguigeation should
lie in tho frrr participation of« H the dif
ferent peoples in the work, has remained
till now unfulfilled. A largo portion of
the Empire, warm and patriotic 8s were
the hearts that beat there, persisted in
holding aloof from the common legislative
action, eudeavoriug to confirm scruples
about legality by acting separately, and
thus finding differences of meaning in
thoso fundamental laws which were in
tended in their collective form only to
make up the sum of the constitution of
the realm.
My duly as a ruler forbids mc any lun
ger to ignore a fact which hinders tho re
alization of my intcntioh, that of aiming
to develop a free constitutional life, and
which menaces also the rights of all the
nations in their very foundations. liut
also for those countries -which do not be
long to the Hungarian crown, it is the
fuud&niental law, which at article 0 of
the l'atcnt of February is designated as
the Constitution of tho realm, that the
legislative rights common to all arc vested
and there only As ling as the first con
dition for a vital embodiment of tbc fun
damental law, as well as clearly discerni
ble harmony of its parts is wanting, the
great work contemplated, which would
assuredly bring so many blessings, cannot
bccomo n reality, tho task, namely, of
giving to the Empire a durable constitu
tional form.
in order now to redeem my imperial
word, in order not to sacrifice tho essence
to the mere form, I have resolved to aim
at coming to an understanding with the
lawful representatives of my people in the
eastern part of my Empire, and to lay
before the Hungarian and the Croatian
Diet, for their acceptance, the diploma of
Oct. 20, 18G0, and the fundamental laws
relating to tho representation of the em
pire, which were made knowir when the
Patent of Feb. 26, 1801, was published.
Considering, however, that it is judicially
impassible to have one and tho »awc dcG-
nition a subject of debate in one part of
the Empire, while in other pirts it is
treated as an Imperial law, binding for
all, I find myself obliged to set aside the
purpose of the law relating to the reprd
sentutitui of the empire-—at the, same
time positively declaring that, should the
dccMsioh rtf tho representatives of these
Eastern Kingdoms contain a modification
of the aforesaid Uws compatible with the
continuance of the empire in its integrity,'
and power, I reserve to myself the right,
before pronouncing a resolution my
self. to lay it before the legal represen
tatives of the other kingdoms and
countries, in older to learn and appre
ciate their equally important decision.—
1 can only regret that this unavoidable
step brings with it a cession of the con
stitutional labors of tho lesser Retcbsratli.
However, the organic connection of all
the principles of all the determining the
united action of the Reichsrath, and the
neccessify for its being observed similarly
by all, makes a disjointing of tho law,
and anything like a mere partial mainte
nance of its efficacy quite impossible.
As long as the Representative Assem
bly of the Empire bus not met, it will be
tho business of my Government to take
measures for those matters which cannot
be deferred, and among those especially
such are to he counted those which regard
the financ-al and economical interest*! of
the realm. Free and open, tho path will
with a dho observance of legitimate right
lead to mutual understanding, and, what
1 confidently hope to find, u conciliatory
spirit, too; one ready to make sacrifices,
»s 80ou ns mature ■comprehension guides
the judgment of my faithful people, to
whom these Imperial words are confident
ly addressed. FBANCIS JOSEI-II;
Vienna. Sept. 20, 1865.
The Wirz Trial in EnglanJ.
The correspondent ol' tho (London)
Times lias re-enforeed his original state
ment of tho atrocities committed by the
Rebels on our prisoners, by another let
ter, summarizing the evidence on tho Wirz
trial. The Times, with idiaraot«iistig
meanness, tucks his communication away
on the insido of tho paper aud prints it
solid, but the effect of such testimony is
not to be overcomo in that way. Tho
written word abides. The sneers of the
Tory press, the picas in avoidance of Mr.
Benjamin, and the inventions of other
loss known partisans of tho Rebellion will
not hold their ground in England against
tho reiterated assertions, backed by facts,
of such letters as tho American corres
pondent of tho Times has lately written.
The trial of Wirz. lie admits, shows that
" the bitter feeling which has been exci
ted in tho North by stories of barbarity
practiced in Southern prisons i» founded
on sense, reason, and indisputablo evi
dence. . . It 13 incidentally bring-
ing cut proof of tho fact which when I
stated it, with tho strongest evidence bo
fore me, was peremptorily and instantly
denied —tho fact, namely, that tho Con
federate Government knew of the lui'ery
aqd death which reigned supremo at An
dcrsonville." Elsewhere this correspond
ent says;
*• lint, whatever the result of tlio trial
may be .is rctrai'd.s Wirz. it is as clear as
noonday that awful atrocities were com
mitted agafnst tlio unhappy Northern sol
diers at Artdcrsonfnlle. 'J'ho (u quoque
would bo no answer, oven if a counter
charge of cruelty could bo proved against
tho North. 15ut it caunot, Let those
who s.iy it run bring forward their evi
dence <w the Govertamcrit here is doing
I)o not let hcrosay be set against swo'n
testimony; do not let what one man 'saw'
weigh against what hundreds [felt' as well
as well as 'saw.' I say again that the bar
harous treatment of Nortnern prisoners in
Southern pens fills the Northern people
with anger. This is not an opinion, but
a fact, which every Englishman now trav
eling in thib country can confirm, provi
ded his mind bo not filled and choked with
forgone conclusions. You may see it in
every street, oad hear it in every house."
Ilia letter Is filled with cstructs from
the testimony of different witnesses on
the trial, condensing it with a point and
force hardly any American journal has
thought it worth while to attempt. lie
does not omit to show that the most dam
aging evidence comes from liebel officers.
We do not object to (fuotiuj< once more
the official statement of Col. Chandler,
Uebel Inspector General, begging his su
periors to rcmovo Winder aud appoint—
"Some one who fit least will not advo
cate deliberately and in cold blood the
propriety of leaving thorn (tha prisoners)
in their present conditiou until their num
ber has been sufficiently rodneo I by death
to make tho yresent arraogontcUs suffi
cient for their accommodation, and who
will not coubider it a uiqttcr of self-laud
ation and boasting that ho has never been
inside the stockade, a \>hier. the. hnrrosxnf
which are difficult to describe, i ehiek is a
disgrace to ciiilt.aliuni aud the condition
of which ho might, by the exorcise cf a
little energy and judgment, oven with the
limited means at his command, haye eon
sidcrally improved,''
NUMBER 43.
Ihe Saturday Rcvieto and other Anglo-
Itebel journals with large funds invested N
in the Confederate cotton loan had better
abandon their case. It is not of great
consequent what England may think on
such .natters, except so far as the chango
of opinion abroad foreshadows tho fcnal
verdict of history.
Old Age in the United States.
The following lively but oxagerated
description from tho pen of George Au
gustus Sak has a spice of truth in it.—
Ortr readers, we think, can easily Mpa .
rate the wheat from the chaff:
Tho drollest thing is, that when the
American lady comes to be about fifty
years old, sho gets over her leanness and
her plainness, and suddenly bocomes
youug again. Tho population of Broad
way seems to be composed (apart from
the middle aged ladios, who are as a rule
heart-rending in appearance) of pretty
young ladies of sixteen, and pretty young
i ladies of sixty. No, sir, I have not trip
ped in my speech; I repeat, young ladies
of sixty. A juvenile gfandmother is
anything but a rarety hero; gushing
Joung things of three score are not un
cninuion ; and I havo ventured to cast
uioro than one humbly tender glance at a
damsel of seventy. You very seldom
meet with an old man in sooiety. Tho
men work, fret, smoke, speculate, chew,
or drink themsolves to death atacompar
a.ivcly early age. Nor are old men very
popular in the States; they are passed
by, as "playod out." [ have heard more
than one lawgiver and statesman called
worn outcuss. ' It was an unfailing
topic of saroasm against tho Hon. Ed
ward Everett that ho was so very old;
and Gcorgo Pancroft, the illustrious his
torian of the United States—a writer
who combines the accuracy of an Alison
wttfc tho of a Pinnock, tho co
piousness of a (Jrimshaw with tho vi
vacity ol a Peter Parley—ls usually spo
ken of by the irreverent younc men of
Gotham as "old Fuss and Feathers."—■
The truth is that American men havo
little reverence for ago among their own
sox. Strong, active, energetic, unscrupu
lous, noisy, pushing men, they admire
and almost deify ; butago generally brings
with it wisdom, exporieuoo, calmness,
judgement, depreciation of wild 'enthusi
asm, dislike to rash innovation. These
ijuaiitns are not to tho tasto of Young
America. They are not go-ahead. They
do not go tar towards making up the
boau-idenl of translantio humanity : " A
real live man, Sir, !" I have heard
of vonerable partners in mercantile firms
Leibg superseded and pushed off their
otpols, as obsoleto and incompetent by
their juniors; and an American—mind,
an American, not an English—friend
once told mo that he saw over a store
front in Jersey City this announcement
—r-'-lompkin3 & Fathor.'' Therein lay a
mine of philosophy. Tompkins the eld
or was evidently "playod out;" he was a
" cuss" and of "no account," and " very
small potatoes." 110 was permitted, just
for charity's sake, to continue in the bu
siness, mind the shop, dust the counter,
and sec tho shutters put up by tho black
porter ; but the real live man in the con
cern WBS young Tompkius, who, despising
and disparaging his i nti([uidatad progen
itor, was making rapid strides, no doubt
towards running tor Congress, taking the
presidency of a petroleum company, and
putting himself in nomination for the
highest offices in tho State—say the sec
retaryship of the treasury, the posteraian
teiship of Communipaw, or the light
hcusokcepship of Cape Knob.
An old American gentleman, whori
you do meet him, which is but rarely, is
generally a most delightful companion
—very beoignan, very tolerant, very free
from prejudice, and usually a strong
friend to England. The old American
lady, whom, furtuaately, you often meet,
is the most charming person it is possible
to conceive. See her in Bjoadway y
handsomely, but warmly and sensibly
cla.d; smiling and nodding and joking;'
with her wrinkled but rosy little face; in
guise something between a waxen peach
and a well-preserved pipin; with the
nicest set of artificial teeth that Doctor
Zacliary could carve from a rhinoceros'
tusk ; and her own hair disposed in snowy
silvery bunches on either of her temples.
—Spring Brook, thp splendid man*
sion of Geo. 11. Stuart near Phila
delphia, wiv- sold at auction yesterday
to Kdwin Forrest, tho actor for $70,-
000.
—Hon. Ezra Cornell was yester
day unanimously nominated by the
Union Convention as State Senator
from the Oswego (21st) District.
—The Provost-Marsbal-General's
office at St. Louis is closed, and all
its documents and archives have been
packed up tw transportation to Waslv,
ingtyn.