VOLUME i:
Copperheadism vs Democracy.
Premising that Copperheadism is not
Democracy, as it* leadrrs have the audac
ity to claim, it Would perhaps be profitable
to inquire what Copperheadism means.
The Democracy was the great war party
in 1812 and again in 1847. It gained for
us, whether rightfully or wrongfully, wise
ly or unwisely, the territory of Louisiana,
and the control of the mouth of the Mis
sissippi'; as it WHS instrumental in ac
quiring Florida,Texas, Califovniaand New
Mexico. Democracy has always looked
to the extension and strengthening of tho
Union, while'Copperheadism has a differ
ent record. Democracy has clung to the
national honor and to the flag which is its
representative; Copperheadism has asail
ed both, and has endeavored and is still
endeavoring, t'd.bring both into disgrace.
Democracy always held to the supremacy
of the Federal laws ond government;
Copperheadism ridicules and sneers at
both, and sets up state and local laws in
opposition to them. Clement L. A allan
digham returns to his home from ame -
ted exile, for the scarcely conceal'' ob
ject of bringing about a collis
ion between the national govc .inicnt and
the State of Ohio, just at the critical mo
ment when the hugest efforts were. put
forth for the crushing of the rebellion ;
and Governor Seymour, of New York,
resorts to the paltry tricks of the pettifog
ger in order to breed dissension between
the Federal Government and New \ork,
just at the moment when a band of rebel
soldiers are threatening the border of the
Free States and levying contributions in
Maryland. Mayor I ! unther throws obsta
cles in the way of aid for the invaded
border, under the pretence that troops
cannot be spared from the " commercial
metropolis." Tho entire vile spawn of
Copperhead journals now make no pre
tonee of concealing their chagrin at Fed
eral success or at rebel disasters, and wo
have yet to sec in one of them a word of
encouragement for our gallant army under
Grant, now struggling for the Union be
fore Richmond, or scarcely ono word of
honest exultation concerning tho victory
gained by the Kearsarge over the pirate
Alabama. Copperheadism compares Jef
ferson Davis to George Washington;
Floyd to John Hancock jScmmcs to Paul
Jones, and Harry Gilnior to Marion. It
objects to calling Floyd a thief, Seinmcs
a pirate, Gilnior a freebooter, or Stone
wall Jackson anything but " a Christian
gentleman." Copperheadism refuses to
call treason by its right name, and discar
ding the use of the word'-rebel," it al
ways styles the followers of Jefferson Da
vis " Confederates." It is tender and re
spectful in#pcaking of the enemies of the
Union, and coarse and.abusive in refer
ring to its friends, and the more earnest
the latter, the coarser the abuse. North
ern Copperheadisni and Southern treason
are synonymous terms, except that the
Southern article is bold, insolent and de
fiant, while the Northern traitor, whether
political, journalistic or. sooial, is cold,
sneaking and snaky. We have much the
most patience with the Southern type of
traitor.
While we denounce the Copperhead
leaders with all the bitterness which they
deserve, wc are aware that there arc nu
merous well-meaning people who cling
fondly to the old name of Democracy, the
last melancholy relics of the organization
of which the Copperhead faction has
usurped, and who fancy they are voting
for the principles of Jeffeson, Madison
and Jackson when they support this vi
pcrish faction. Let these deluded people
bear in mind these self-evident facts. The
States in rebellion have declared their in
tention to dissolve tho American Union,
and to render themselves independent of
it. To this end, after stealing Govern
ment property of every stealable descrip
tion. they have waged bloody war upon
the North, aud upon all who hold to Union
principles. At the outsat of thestruggle,
when the traitors were flushed with vic
tory over an unprepared handful of Union
troops, the rebel Secretary of War declar
ed his entention to seize the Federal cap
ital and rule by force what they had fail
' to control at the ballot-box. The rebels
have declared over and over again that
there can be no peace except upon the
basis of the recognition of the separate
independence of their Confederacy ; while
the President of the United States, at the
begenning of his administration, declared
his iptention to observe his inaugural oath
to support the Constitution of the U. S. and
maintaiu aud defend the Federal Union.
He can do no less than this without being
recreant and a traitor, and for doing
receives the vilestdeuuneiation. The people
of the loyal States went into the war upon
this issue, a doterminatiou to follow out
the old Jacksonian priuoiple that the
Union mustand shall bepresorvod. Cop
perheadisut goes for the recognition of
State right*; in short, for peace, and for
AMERICAN CITIZEN.
a consequent dissolution of the great
Union which dembcracy did so much to
wards the formation ol', and for the de
struction of our nationality. Now let
these faint hearted patriots who arc afraid
of the conscription, who are alarmed at
the high price of butter, and who would
as lief see Satan himself as the tax collec
tor, —stop to ponder upon what peace,
such peace as copperheadism talks about,
means. They cannot but admit that it
means a dissolution of the Union, a rec
ognition of the Southern confederacy,and
an acknowledgment that the people are
cither not willing or not able to maintain
the laws and to sustain their own chosen
executive in his efforts to fulfil his con
stitutional oath of office. But peace on
snch terms means more than this. It
means something feven worse than a di
vided country, with an arbitrary dividing
line, and eternal border wars, with strug
gle after struggle for the supremacy of
the whole until we imitate South Amcri
r. or the Kilkenny cats, or both, and
there will be nothing left to fight about.
The South want no such divided country;
their plan is not for a division, but for a
consolidation of the whole, with them
selves as '-the master race that was born
to governwith a subjugated people of
•'Northern mudsills, greasy mechanics,
small fisted farmers, and moon-struck theo
rists," as the inferior race that was ''born
to serve." But a Copperhead peace means
something still more, and still- worse ; so
far as the interests of mankind generally
are concerned. It means the destruction
of republicanism, and the establishment
upon its ruins of a slave oligarchy which
will know tio law but its own will, which
will disfranchise every toiling white man
and establish a "strong government" to
serve its own purposes and accomplish its
own ends. The spirit which prompted
this Southern revolt against the result of
an election fairly held, will not run any
risks of the results of any future elec
tions. if their treason should become a fi
nal success, and t}ie great experiment of
free government which our fathers com
menced will fail in the hauds of their sors,
and all though the high price of beef and
butter, the fear of the conscription and
the dread of raids and taxes. We can
never be persuaded that the copperhead
faction faithfully represents the genuine
democracy; but if it does so, Heaven save
the republic ! Copperheadism is simply
an enemy in the rear who is endeavoring
to distract and ruin us while the more
open foe is doing his work at the front.
The election to be held next November
will prove to the world that the represen
tative copperheads have but a very con
temptible constituency.
A nay Correspondence.
The following extract is from a letter
written by Lieut. John Caldwell, of the
01st Pa. Regiment, to George W. Reed,
Jr., of this place.
CUXE HARROR, YA.
June 8, 1804.
FRIEND GEORCF.:—I suppose you think
strange I have not written to you sooner
since the opening of the campaign. las
sure you I was most anxious to do so, but
circumstances over which 1 had no coutrol.
as the newspapers say, preveuted me ; and
now that I am writing. I don't know when
I can send the letter, as the mails are ve
ry irregular and uncertain. The army
of the Potomac has so far gone through
the most severe, as well as the most suc
cessful campaign in which it has ever
been since it was an army. We are now
only some eight miles from Richmond,
and I think you will not have this letter
many days until you hear of our being
still closer. It would be surperflous
me giving you a history of the campaign
as you will have read full aceouuts in the
papers, so I will confine myself by tell
ing you a little of my own adventures.
Our regiment left camp on the 4th of
Ma) - and crossed the Rapidan river. The
next day we met the '' Johnnies" in the
Wilderness, and about 11 o'clock, a. m.,
became engaged. This wilderness is a
most abominable place to fight a battle.
You canuot see a dozen of yards ahead
for the brush, which is .so dense—you
have great difficulty in forcing your way
through it. Here the Rebels were post
ed behind breast works, and opened on us
as we came up. Notwithstanding all this,
we drove them a couple of miles the first
day—until we came to a swamp, the oth
er Bide of which, the rebs were strongly
posted. Here we fought two nights and
a day without making any progress what
ever. We could not use our artillery,
while the rebels played on us incessantly
with theirs. They threw regular show
ers of cauister and shrapuell into our
ranks; you may imagine how heavy it
was, wheu I tell you that on the morning
of the Gth from half past 4 to 5, we lost
in killed and wounded, more than one
hundred men Well, we could not stand
" Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare to do our duty as we understand it"— A. LINCOLN
BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 3, 18G4.
this very long, so that evening we began
throwing up breast works—a new Divis
ion in our corps, the 3d, while at work,
were flanked by the rebels just at dusk,
and Gen. Seymour and a great part of his
brigade were captured, and the balance
of the Division thrown into the most dis
graceful confusion and completely routed.
The Ist and 2d Division stood like a wall
and saved the corps, as well as the army,
from defeat and disgrace. George, I have
seen a good many hard sights during this
war, but such a one as these woods pre
sented after this break, I never saw. \ou
could not take a step without running
against a dead or wounded man. Oh ! it
was dreadful to hear the poor wound
ed fellows crying for water —water,
and none to help them; fighting is noth
ing compared to looking on such sights
as these. It would be impossible for me
to describe them, so I shall not try. Well,
in two days our regiment was in five dif
ferent engagements, when the army forc
ed Lee back on Spottsylvania 0. II.—«
marched down there on Sunday, the Bth,
and a little before dark our regiment was
posted in line in a ravine in Pine woods,
so dense, it was dark as night. We were
there only a few moments when the fighting
commenced. The regiments in our front
were soon cut to pieces, or left the grouud
—until it came to the regiment in our
immediate front, the 16th Michigan,
which somehow got frightened and came
pouring back without firing a shot—here
they were all mixed up —our regiment
would not let them back, and they would
not go forward. Their officers could do
nothing with them—-we could vol fire,
and they would not —so I thought I would
sec what I could do. I went out in front
of them—told them I was a Pcnna. offi
cer, and asked them if they would follow
me. They said " yes, goon we'll follow
you." So I started with about one hun
dred of them, and commenced forming a
did'nt think this was far enough,
and commenced forming a second line.—
I saw some groups of men, whom I sup
posed were our skirmishers. I paid no
attention to them at first—l could not
see their clothes, and they were standing
griuishly looking at us; after a bit, I
took a step or two towards them, and then,
in an instant, I knew what was the mat
ter —they were rebels. I turned round
quietly to run back, but they were too
fast. Three of them leveed their musk
ets at my breast and told me I was a
prisoner, and I agreed with them—l did
indeed. They took my sword, and told
me to run to the rear —1 ran to the rear a
short distance, and then thought I could
escape by running around their regiment,
but when I had gone about twenty yards
Iran against the 12th Georgia regiment,
lying in the woods—no chance there.—
Then 1 concluded to hide until our m%n
would charge; I crawled into a Pine tree
and hid there for about a quarter of an
hour, when a couple of rebs came along
and made me come out; they took me to'
Col. Willis of the 12th Georgia; he or
dered me to be searched, and thcu com
menced questioning me, but I refused to j
answer any questions whatever. I was
then taken to Gen. Eyell's head quar
ters, and from there to Provost Guard
head quarters, and the next morning, with
348 others, were started towards tho Vir
ginia Central Railroad; we marched all
that day in the hot sun, some 30 miles;
without anything to eat. Just as we
got to the station, (Beaver Dam) and were
getting ready tc goon the cars, our Cav
alry came charging along ; the guards
skedaddled, and wo were free men. I
could not describe our feelings—l don't
I .
know when I felt so happy. There was
a million and a half rations at the station. |
which we burned—we thcu went with the |
Cavalry on their great raid, and were in
side the outer line of fortifications at
Richmond—fought there two hours—
the Chickahomny ; White Oak Swamps;
crossed out at Malven Hills ; crossed the
James river to Butler's Department; from
there to Fort Monroe—then to Alexan
dria and to Belle Plain—then to Freder
icksburg. 1 found the regimeut at the
N. Anna, and we have been fighting
uearly ever since. We had a terrible
fight on the 3d, and captured the rebel
pits We have commenced the siege of
Richmond, and are working night and day
digging rifle pits, and building forts; we
are continually under fire, and have men
killed and wounded even' day. Our line
is only two hundred yaras from that of
the Rebels, and we have a hot time of it.
There was a flag of truce in front of
our regiment yesterday, for the purpose
of burying the dead and taking off the
wounded. It looked strange to see men
who have been trying to kill each other
now shake hands and converse
like friends. There has been no firing
since, but I think there will be this even
ing ; 1 think Gen. Grant is bound to have
Richmond soon. The regiment has suf
fered very severely, 3 officers killed, and
15
ed and missing—principally killed and
wounded. Y#urs, from JOHN.
GOD BLESS YOU, SOLDIER.
God blew you, soldier! —when our sky
Wu heavy >vith impending woe 9,
When traitors raised the battle cry,
Wheu leai met fear in every eye,
You rushed to meet our foes.
God bless you, soldier! —scarred and worn,
Wearied with marchings, watching*, pain,
AU battle-stained and battLe torn,
Bravely have all their tasks boon borno ;
You have not fought in vain.
God bless you, soldier! —when the air
Grows heavy with the battlu's roar,
Sheltered beneath His love and care,
May victory, with her garlands rare,
Adorn you evermore.
God bless you, soldier! —when the dor®
01 peace the K*gle's nest will 9hart,
Wiih home and hearts made warm with love,
With joys below—with Joys above,
God bless you hero and there 1
~ WIT &TBD WISDOM.
HOLD onto your good character, for
it is, and ever will be your best wealth.
WIIY is an oyster like a horse ? Because
it can't climb a tree. Ah, hem !
A SLOW pulsation is the sign of long
life, not only in individuals, but in law
suits.
WHO was the first carpenter mentioned
in the Bible ? Pharaoh, when he made
Joseph a ruler.
THE fellow who carried a bottle of
" old rye" in his pocket, was arrested for
carrying a concealed weapon.
" I CAME off with flying colors," as
tho painter said when he fell from the
ladder with a palette on his thumb.
THERE are over two hundred varieties
of birds, American and foreign, in the
Central Park at New York.
WE are commanded to let our light
shine before men ; the man with a red
nose keeps his light shining before him
self.
"Goto bed, sir," said an indignant
parent to an offending son, "goto bed
—go lock yourself in and bring me the
key."
IF you and your sweet-hart vote upon
tho marriage question, you for it and she
against it, dwn't flatter yourself as to its
being a tie.
" SIR," said a joung wife to her hus
band a few days after their marriage,
" you were honest enough to tell me that
your chimney smoked, but why didn't
you tell me that you smoked yourself ?"
AVOID argument with ladies. In spin
ning yarns among silks and satins, a man
is sure to be worsted and twisted. And
when a man is worsted and twisted, he
may consider himself wound up.
MANY persons are now anxiously ex
amining the maps to find the " seat of
war." Fubs says that he found it last
summer without a map. Ho discovered
it by sitting down upon a wasp's nest in
a hay-field.
IT is an actual fact, that a man who at
tempted to hug a beautiful young lady
named 31 iss Lemon, has sued her for
striking him in the eye. He is altogether
unreasonable. Why should he squeeze a
lemon unless he wants a punch ?
COUNT TRACY complained to Foote
that a man had ruined his character.—
"So much the better," replied the wit,
" for it was a very bad one, and the soon
er it is destroyed the more to your advan
tage.
AN enthusiastic admirer of the Czar
was repeatedly saying to a stranger, " The
Czar is great." " Yes," was the reply.
" but God is greater." " Ah," exclaim
ed the Russian, '■ but the Czar is young
er yet."
FOOTE one day dined at Richmond.—
When the landlord produced his bill Foote
thought it very exorbitant, and asked his
name. " Partridge, an't please you," re
plied the host. " Partridge !" said Foote
" it should be woodcock by the length of
your bill."
BROKE TIIF. PLEDGE.—A man living in
Orange county was found one night climb
ing an overshot wheel in a fulling mill.
He was asked what he was doing. He
suid he was trying to get up to bed, but
some how or other tlje stairs wouldn't
hold still.
AN Irish physician who was callod to
examine the corpse of another Irishman,
who had been assassinated by some of his
countrymen. " This person," said he,
after inspecting the body, " was so ill that
if he had not been murdered he would
have died half an hour before."
" MARY, my dear," said a doting hus
band to the lady that owned him, " if ev
er I turn Mormon, and marry another
help-mate, she shall be a Mary, too, lor
your own dear sake." Be content with
one Mary, my duck," said the loving wife •
"in my opinion another would bo mere
ly a super-new-mary !"
A CONFEDERATE surgeon who was
beastly drunk when our forces captured
Little Rock, Arkansas, found himself
among the Yankees when he got sober,
and remarked that it beat Rip Vad Win
kle that a man couldn't goto sleep in the
Confederate States without waking up in
the United States.
<£ducatumal § cpavtmcut.
Object Lessons.
But few years have elapsed since
ject lessons were the grand hobby of our
fellow teachers in New York and other
States. So much at the time was said and
written upon the subject, that for a time
nothing else seemed to claim the attention
of the energetic members of the profes
sion but this. Pennsylvania, more steady
and more practical in her habits, was not
so enthusiastic as some of her sisters, and
hence did not run wild over this new the
ory. Seeing, with her, is believing, and
the mass of her teachers waited patient
ly to see what the ultimate results of this
system would be, before they made any
effort to adopt it.
At the present time the subject claims
some attention of the thinking portions of
the profession. As at present pursued in
the primary schools of Oswego, N. Y.,
which may justly be regarded as the head
of the system in this country, we think
the system carried to an extent which
would in a great measure be objectionable
in our graded and ungraded schools of
the State, with, perhaps, the exception of
those in the larger towns and cities; and
even here we doubt the expediency of car
rying the experiment too far. But pur
sued in moderation, there are few exercis
es or lessons, aside from the daily and nec
essary studies of the school room, of so
much importance. Independent of the
value of these lessons in arousing au in
terest which may flag in exercises of a
less interesting character, there may be
inculcated a great amount of practical
and useful knowledge, so as to prepare the
child for the duties incumbent on him in
future as a mcmbor of society and as a
citizen, as well as for his self-preservation,
cither directly or indirectly. Practical
knowledge, we think, should always pre
cede tho esthetic. Tho gardener, in or
der to obtain a model specimen of a fruit
or flower, attends carefully to the whole
plant; he regards the remaining parts of
the plant as of very great importance,but
only because through their instrumentali
ty is the fruit or flower perfected.* While
the particular aim is to secure a perfect
fruit, he well knews that if lie • neglects
the leaves, the steal, or the root, his labor
is wholly in vain. Without a root, a
stem, or the necessary leaves, his efforts
to obtain a perfect or even ordinary speci
men are entirely futile. Such must also
be our educational system. We must not
in ouranxietyto securethe beautiful flow
er or delicious fruit, neglect the plant, but
on a sound practical education base the
esthetic. As far, then, as may he, these
" object lessons" should aim at increasing
the fund of general information, as well
as a practical knowledge of the underly
ing principles of some of the leading av
ocations of life.
The principle of self-development must
not be forgotten iu these lessons. This
seems to be the normal method of devel
opment. Up to tho time a child is fyst
sent to school, it is, to a great extent, its
own teacher; and in no period of its life
does it make more rapid advancement. —
How eagerly it describes every novelty to
its mother ! Each new flower and every
rounded pebble furnishes a subject and
thought for its discourse. Following the.
course of nature, we -should allow the
child to tell all it knows, occasionally draw
ing its attention to some facts which ithas
not yet observed. Step by step new truths
will be elicited and remembered. Each
day will add to its store of knowledge,
and if au ordinary amount of ingenuity
be exercised by the teacher in conducting
the lesson, the knowledge acquired in this
way will be much more easily remember
ed, than when presented in any other
form.
With small pupils, short talks about fa
miliar things will be found advantageous.
As a general rule, teachers of primary
schools should talk with their pupils much
more than they generally do. Were this
principle more generally understood and
put into practical operation, a much larger
number of teachers would become suc
cessful, and those under their charge
would make a much more rapid advance
ment, and manifest a livelier interest and
greater pleasure iu attending school. Pu
pils of all grades should be required to
form sentences in regard to familiar ob
jects; or, in the case of those more ad
vanced, compositions on tho subjects of
the object lessons should be required in
which there is as much re-production of
the lesson as possiblo; thus not only would
an interest be awakened, but the pugil
would be acquiring much practical knowl
edge, and would be developing language.
With small pupils, it is best to dispense
with as many difficult words and hard sci
entific terms as possible.'
As pupils become advanced, subjects of
a difficult nature way be selected. A
short talk, or informal lecture, on some
scientific subject may prove of great ben
efit. Natural history teems with numbers
of suitable subjects. Volcanoes, earth
quakes, coral-lime islands, and of many
others of a similar character will not fail
to interest a school of advanced pupils for
a quarter or a half hour.
Historical Geography in the shape of
informal lectures may prove of much ad
vantage to pupils of almost all grades.—
Stories of the Ksquimaux, their subterra
nean palaces and filtliv habits ; the Chi
nese, their labarynthine gardens, floating
towns, and peculiar fashions j the Ancient
Egyptians, their catacombs, mummies, and
pyramids,—these, with others of a similar
nature, will not only awaken a transient
interest and prevent disorder, but will cre
ate a desire in the pupil to know more of
these nations through the media of Geog
raphy and History. The teacher should
of course, when opportunity occurs, intro
duce much of this into'Gcogrnphy lessons,
but in many cases it will be impossible to
weave these historical accounts into the
fabric of the lesson, and when this is the
case, they should be presented in the shape
of object lessons.
Object lessons on the every-day affairs
of life, — in Domestic Economy , on gain
ing wealth and the laws regulating suc
cess in business; in Physiology , in regard
to the modus operandi of the physical or
gans, and the laws regulating health ; in
Agriculture, by entering into the scientific
structure of plants, the application of ma
nures, the rotation of crops, the art of
draining, the adaptability of certain soils
to particular crops, the erection of hot
houses, &0.. together with other practical
subjects, will not only prove interesting,
but of gruat value in future life.
A. N. RAUD.
PotltviUcDcm. Standard.
Position of the War.
To the Editor of the Boston Journal:
SIR : The census of 1860, with emi
gration and the annual increase of births,
gives usa population of 37,000,000 in the
summer of 1864.
Of this population 4,000,000 of whites
and 3,000,000 of slaves exist in the Iteb
el districts; and 30,000,000 of free men
are to bo found in the Loyal districts.—
Tho contest is now between foroes stand
ing in the ratio of 4 to 30,- with 3 ready
to aid the successful party.
In comparing more closely the relative
strength of the two districts, we find that
one half of the whites are males, one half
of the males are under 10, and one half
of the residue, from old age, youth, phys
ical infirmity or sickness, unfit for service
in the field. In this State we have nev
er been able to bring more than 10 per
cent of the people into the militia, and if
we allow 12 per cent for the capacity of
the Rebel districts, it is a liberal allow
ance. In the Southern districts which
are still loyal or have been subdued, such
as Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mary
land and portions of other States, there is
a white population of 4,000,000, and it is
a fair presumption that four per cent of
the population, or one-third of the fight
ing men of these regions, have joined the
Rebel armies. We cannot allow more, as
the Rebel conscription has operated but
little if any on those districts.
The war has been in progress for three
years, and an allosvauce of 30,000 a year
for the excess of young men growiug up
over men becoming superannuated or <ly
ing by ordinary disease, is a very liberal
allowance. Further, by the best infor
mation, in our possession, the Rebels have
lost in the last three years, down to the
6th of May last, by deaths in the field,
camps and hospitals, by wounds and cap
tures —and most of this is conceded— 120,-
000 a year, or 300,000 men.
During the present campaign, since May
1, Lcc is understood to have lost 70,000
men, and Johnson, Magruder, Forrest,and
others, at least 30,000 more.
The following table gives the result:
Rebel force at the outset, 12 per cent of 4,000,000
whites 480,000
Four per oent of 4,000,000 white® in Southern Dis
trict* loyal 100,000
Young men growing up in three years in excess of
deaths - 00,000
Whole number of mon able to fight from the start. .730,000
Rebel losses in three years t<» May 1, lout ii\ field
and by sickness, at 120,000 a year 360,000
Rebel losses, East and West, in the present cam
paign - 100,000
Owners of plantations, artificers, drirers, refugees,
and meu who will not or cannot fight, at least... 75,000
Balance in field or ho«pitals 195,000
730,000
We thus have remaining as the whole Rebel force,
either in the field or fit for service, and to bo re
lied upon 196,000
Prom these wo may deduct at least five per cent, or
10,000, for the sick iu hospitals 10,000
And we have figbtiug men 185,000
Of these theie are wost of the Miss, at least 25,000
With Johnston 45,000
With Forest and others 10,000
At Mobile and in the Carolina* £O,OOO
With Leo and od raids into Maryland... 85,000
185,000
To crush these we have at least 500,000
meu and if wo deduct for furloughs and
hospitals ten per cent, we have 450,000
.NUMBER 33*
men in the field, and of those we have in
front of Lee and Johnston at least twice
the forces opposed to them, at least 800,-
000, the residue holding the Mississippi,
the coast of Carolina, and the communi
cations and depots in the rear of our main
armies.
If our Government will but keep these
armies up to their present strength, and
keep down, as they can (below 200), the
price of gold, the result is certain. For
the la»t two months we have" disposed of
our foes at the rate of nearly fifty thou
sand per month. Should we continue to
move with the same degree of dispatch,
the preseut campaign of 1864, at its close,
would have few foes in arms or able to re
new the contest. M ASSACHUBETTB.
Gumption.
If there is any one quality which is ab
solutily necessary to success and happiness,
that quality is gumption; all un
fortunate and to be pitied, arc those who
lack this inestimable blessing. Not that
there is anything rery j bad about such
people. Indeed, they arc generally well
meaning, but " they haven't any gump
tion." That is all one can say about it.
No other expression, no elaborate descrip
tion even, can convey to the mind the pre
cise condition of the class referred to.
It would be a hard matter, in factf to de
fine gumption, yet every ono knows just
what is lacking in those who do not pos
sess it, yet every one is aware of the de
ficcncy except tho individuals them
solves.
If wo might venture into tho domain
of mental science, we would say that
gumption is a faculty of tho mind some
what akin to original suggestion, a sort of
instiuct; a sixth sense, it may be, inclin
ing now to tact, now to common sense ac
coiding as it is more or less symctrically
developed.
The unfortunate individuals who lack
gumption seem to fall chiefly in a due ap
preciation of tho ctcrnalfilness of things.
They have no proper sense of where
things belong, no idea of the awkward
and tho ridiculous. They do the right
things often enough, but always at tho
wrong time. They seem to have a geuius
for getting things by tho wrong handle.
They will bring you the sheep-shears to
cut a piece of l'ore nee silk, or a pair of
embroidery scissors to cut a hemp rope.
Invite them to call, and they will be sure
to come in tne morning—most likely on
washing clay. If they have an engage
ment, they will be prompt enough, unless
tho business is pressing, in which caso it
is as morally certain that they will be late
as that the sun will rise to-moroow morn
ing.
But we may as well be patient, and call
it an infirmity of poor human naturo. It
seems to be the province of some people
to get things bottom side up, wrong side
to, and inside out- They are like a lathe
out of order. When the power is ap
plied, no one short of a genuine prophet
can tell whether it will turn out a butter
bowl or a broom handle. Of one thing,
however, you may rest assured. If thorc
is a chance to get out of place, they
will find it; if it is possible to make an
awkward blonder, they will demonstrate it,
and if a thing can be misunderstood, or
misinterpreted, they are just tli« ones to
do it.
POWER OF A WORD. —Wendell Phil
ips, in his lecture last winter before tho
Parent Washington Society, told the fol
lowing story:
A mother, on the green hills of Vermont
stood at her garden-gate, holding by her
right hand a son of sixteen years old, mad
with love of sea. "Edward," said she
" they tell me that the great temptation of
seaman's life is drink." Promise me, be
fore you quit your mother's band, that
you will never drink." Said she, for he
told me the story, " I gave her the prom
ise. I went the broad globe over, Cal- *
cutta, the Mediterranian, San Francisco,
the Cape of (jood Hope—and during for
ty years, whenever 1 saw a glass filled
with the sparkling liquor my mother's'
form by the garden-gate, on the hill-side
of Vermont, rose up before me; and to
day at sixty, my lips,are inuocent of tho
taste of liquor."
Was not that sweet evidence of tho
power of a single word? And yet if was
but half; '"for," said he, there
came into my counting-room a young man
forty, and asked me, " Do you know iue ?"
No,'' said I. " 1 was broui'htonce," said
ho to my informant, ',drunk, into your
presence, on ship-board; you were a pass
enger ; the captain kicked me aside ; you
took me into your berth, kept me there
until I had slept off the intoxication, and
then you asked me if I had a mother I
said, never that I knew of; I never had
heard a mother's voice. You told md of
yours at the garden-gate; and to-day,
twenty years later I am master of one of
tho finest packets in New York, and I
came to ask you to conio and see me."
How far back that little candle throws
its beam—the mother's word on the green
hillside of Vermont 1 God be thanked
&r the almighty power of a single word-