LEWIS BUEG CHRONICLE .1 hi li Bt O. N. WORDEN & An Independent Family At the request of many Teachers and friends of Education in Union, Snyder, Northumberland and Montour counties, imilar to those established by law in New York and other States, will be held at LEWISBURG, to commence on Mosday, the 31st March inst., and close Friday evening of the next week. Prof. S. R. SWEET, of New York, the founder, and for many years successful conductor of Teachers' Institutes, has been engaged as Principal. lie will tie aided by eminent educators, both at home and from abroad. The Institute will be organized Into a regular school during each day, and scientific and practical instruction given in the Elementary Sounds of the English Language, Grammar, Punctuation, Composition, Geography and Mapping, Mental and Written Arithmetic, elements of the higher Mathematics, and the Natural Sciences. BEADING, ENUNCIATION, and ELOCUTION, will be made a daily exercise under the charge of a distinguished Elocutionist. The Philosophy of Instruction, and improved methods of Teaching, will receive special attention. Thus the rules of Arithmetic will be deduced from examples, and exercises introduced to develop skill in the solution of problems. The Evening Sessions will be devoted to Lectures, and to the discussion of a variety of questions of great importance to Teachers and Parents, in which the members of the Institute and citizens are expected to participate. In view of the great benefits resulting from these Normal Institutes, the citizens of Lewisburg have made arrangements to board Ladies free, and Gentlemen not to exceed $4 for the session. To aid in re munerating the board of Instruction, $1.00 Tuition will be charged. Presuming that all the Teaehors nlH nnd younp, male and female in Union, Snyder, Northumberland, and Montour counties will avail themselves of this rare op-put tuuity for Iuih..mmii, tho Committee would cordially invite Teachers from Center, Clinton, Lycoming, Columbia, and other counties, to attend the Institute ; and Directors, and all other persons interested, who are not Teachers, are also invited to participate in its advantages. Students are expected to furnish themselves with slates and pencils, and such text books as they have, and be present at the Introductory Lecture, Monday Evening, March 31. On arriving at Lewisburg, they will record their names at Beater & Kremer's Store, when they will be conducted to places of entertainment. COIWM1TTBB OF ARBAWOBMBWTI. D. HECKENDORN, Superintendent C. S. Union and Snyder Counties. J. J. REIMENSN YDER, " " Northumberland County. E. W. CONKLING, " " Montour Prof. H. D. WALKER, Lewisburg. SAMUEL GEDDES, Lewisburg. Rev. P. B. MARR, JAMES P. ROSS, THOS. HAYES. " PETER BEAVER, SOLOMON RITTER, " ROBERT II. LAIRD, MIFFUNBURO. Rev. ISAAC GItlER, R. 0. ALLISON, L. W. ANSPACU. NEW BERLIN. Pres. W. W. ORWIG, I. SLENKER, Esq. Da. J. R. LOTZ. SUSBXRT. IIow. A. JORDAN, Gen. J. K. CLEMENT, ISAAC HUFF. STI,e ffiljronide. FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 1SAC. For tho I.ewiabttrg Chroniclo. Oar Common Schools. Pennsylvania bn distinguished herself in the eyes of her Eastern sisters by the great advance she has latterly made in the grand cause of General EJucation. School Superintendents aud Governors make the most flatteriug allusions to her present high position, as one worthy of her almost limitless resources and wealth. Hod. Victor M. Bice, Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, says in bis late report, that the establishment of county superintendents in that great State, was immediately fol lowed by teachers' institutes, a normal school, and the greatest possible efforts on all bands to improve their schools, and that the results were such that Hon. Horace Mann, then secretary of the board of edu cation of Massachusetts, spoke of the ope rations of the system in the following tribute of praise : " The great State of New York, by means of ber county super intendents, State Normal School and oth erwise, is carrying forward the work of publio education more rapidly than any other State of the Union, or any other country in the world." But, 'in an unpropitious hour,' Mr. Bice says, the Legislature of 1847, upon the memorial of some half doaen boards of auperTisors, abolished the office of connty superintendent,' a retrograde move ment, which has been deplored by every friend of education in this and other States. Among the consequences are, that the State has found itself under the necessity of reviving the failing institutes by appro priations, of which the Superintendent advises an increase, with inducements to secure the attendance of all the teachers; also, that ' many of her teachers are now in Pennsylvania, where county supervision has awakened among the masses a lively interest, and turned the attention of the people in all parts of the Slate to the places where her children congregate for instruction.' We are taking strides in Pennsylvania it is true, and should do better yet with a State Normal School (of whioh two more are wanted in New Fork) and a tingle ex ecutive secretary to administer and super vise school operations in each district, un der advice and direction from the boards of director who can not, in country places. be at once legislature, council and execu tive. They are too scattered, unwieldy ana aisiaoi a DOdy. W. BOAXSBORO, Pa. DlHTECCTIVB CoNIXAOtATIOSJ. On the 10th of Deeember last, a firo at Baa goon, Barman, destroyed 18 brick ware houses, 180 limber booses, and 300 bam dwellings. The lots, estimated at 150,000, will fall upon European bouses, pruoipaiiy. r J - R. CORNELIUS. and News Journal. LOCAL COMMITTEES. SELINSOROVB. Dtt. JONA. HOLMES, Rev. Z. C. WEISER, J. O. L. SHIN DEL, GEO. HILL, Esq. HORATIO G. NORRIS. NORTHUMBERLAND. Dr. R B. M'CAY, JOS. P. TUSTIN. TURBUT VILLI. Rev. J. P. HUDSON. Lewisburg, Union Co., Pa., March 5, 1856. The American Nominations. We have no war to wage upon the tick et of tho Philadelphia Convention far from it. The work of " Union for .he sake of the Union," so auspiciously com menced in Pennsylvania, should have been the basis of national movements touching the r residential struggle. We would not have the American party Abolitiunized, or io any degree subordinate to that dangerous element ; but we dare not disregard the aroused feeling in the North that demands simple justice. It is not a narrow, sectional or disunion senti ment to which we would defer it it the growing convictions and goaded spirit which are the natural offspring of a free people, when the government is lending its beat energies to spread the curse of Slavery into territory consecrated to Free dom by the plighted faith of the nation. To this sentiment we must yield or fall, aod fall justly, through intestine conflict. With a common cause and a common foe with a common patriotism to inspire Us, and with a common country to redeem, we should at least consent to be just to the great North when justice only is demand ed to secure concert of action and a com mon victory. The Whig party was once proud and powerful. It marshaled in its noble ranks the brightest intellects of the sge, and, whether in power or out of it, exerted a controlling influence in shaping the destiny of the nation. It was the true national party. Side by side with our northern statesmen ttood the Clays, tbe Bells, the I'restons, tbe Crittendens, and others in support of the principle that Slavery should not be extended by the Government. But gradually it yielded to the demands of tbe " peculiar institution," and finally in an evil hour sought to com pete with tbe Democracy for sectional strength, and from thence it exists only in the dim canvas of tbe past. Its greatness only made ita wreck the more terrible and complete. And yet, with the fate of tbe Whig party still fresh in the recollection of all, tbe American party seems not to have profited by the lesson. In 1854, the American party was triumphant in every northern State, because it was clearly and unqalifiedly identified with the anti-Nebraska sentiment not the Abolitionism of tbe North, and the popular agencies which brought victory to ita banner, are as potent to-day as they wen then. We should not, therefore, if we could but we dare not now forget that there is a North ! Tbe time is not yet for us to deter mine how we shall vote for President We shall stand firm to tbe position as sumed by the Union sentiment in Pennsyl vania, and where it leads we ehall follow. U e have no war to wage against any ticket hoe the one to be presented by the Cinoio. natt Convention, and againat that oar beet energies shall bo directed and in support of that opposition ticket most likely to LEWISBURG, UNION CO., PA., FRIDAY, DANVILLE. A. B. PUTNAM, J. H. CAMPBELL, T. H. SANDERS. MILTON. W. C. LAWSON, Esq. T. P. BUCHER, J. F. WOLFINGER, Esq. m'ewensvillk. E. V. DERICKSON, C L. RYNEARSON. The way Aikin got the Votes Of both Democrats aod Americans, when be was defeated by Banks, is revealed at last, aud proves that to prevent tbe choice of a Republican, tbe "great national De mocratic party" sacrificed their men and their principles, repudiated their platform, aud weut for a man favorable to Know Nothing principles, not a member of the Democratic party, aod in favor of Dis-Un-ioo if Slavery can not rule, Such, a man concentrated tbe Democratic and South American vote. Bead the followingye honest Democrats, Whigs, and Americans 1 and say if parties ao utterly shameless and corrupt as revealed below should not be spurned by every lover of liberty ! The American Democrat states that on the morning when the plurality rule was adopted by the House, and when Mr. Ai ken's chances for the Speakership were canvassed, Mr. A. K. Marshall of Ken tucky stanch American and conservative, being reluctant to vote for Mr. Aiken with out understanding bit ground fully, wrote down, aod carried to him in his seat, a se ries of interrogatories, which, with their answers, we here subjoin t "1st. Are you hostile to the American party 7 aod bave you ever pronounced, or do you now believe, tbat party enemies to civil and religious liberty T "Answer to 1st To the first I answer, I never have. '2d. Are you in favor of the Union of the States to long as it can be continued without such violation of tbe spirit of the Constitution as would justify revolution f "Answer 2d I am in favor of tbe con tinuance of this Union as long aa the rights of all the 8tates are preserved. "3d. Do yon belong to the Democratic organisation f and do you fully endorse the course and policy of tbe present Ad ministration, ao far as to favor tbe election of the present incumbent to office again 1 "Answer. 3 I do not, strictly speaking, belong to tbe Democratic party organisa tion. I approve what I believe right, aod oppose what I think wrong, in that aa ia all other parties. "4th. Would yon object to such a mod ification of tbe naturalisation laws as would require citisens of other countries to re main here before tbey become citiseos of this country for a decidedly longer term than at present t "Answer 4th I would not object, bnt would favor a material extension of the naturalisation laws." It appears by recent reports mads to Congress tbat the number of passengers who arrived from foreign porta in the Uni ted States, during 1855, was 230,476. Tbe year previous it was 460,474, or twice the number last year. The war in Europe has probably much to do; with the decline of emigration, so serious as to affect tho shipping interests and the markets. Ths proscriptions against foreigners is a still mors activs cause. At ths rats of last year's decline, then will bo bo necessity of passing any laws restrictive of emigre- tioa. " " Let as Help one another. Tlx Sallowing qnaiat Mm mntj a beantlfal morel, teerhlDg m Uwn ts do ephere or dnaMun In life io which w. cee mot mow web other Babul eertrtanee. Th. word, bora boo arranged to mueie by Prof. T Wood, ad bnro boom ihirndly popoler Albmnf Mtu. A nun, tott Injoo, woo a little to Mom To it ray far away from hb) hemble abode ; Hot, thtrttT, bemlrod, and heartily tired, Bo laid hlmatU down in. tho road. Wbilo Una bo radlnod, a sua that waa bund Coma by and oatroaiod hie aid : Deprived of my right, noaeriated, tn-aight I aball not roach my hoax, I'm afraid. Intellireneo rlra of tho plan when yon lira," Said too cripple, 'perhaps I Bay know it; In wjy road it may bo, e ir you'll caaar as It will gin mo macb pleoauro to abow it. "Groat itrength yea ban got, which, elael I ban not, In my toga, so faUgoed eeery am ia; For tho mo of yoor back, for tho oyoa which yon lack My pair ihall bo much at you eerrke." Said tho poor blind ana: "What a wonderful plan I Pray get on my ebontder, good brother 1 I oao all mankind, if they an bnt inclined, Mar oosoraoTLV aaxr oaa aaonial" Dnrdered by Inches. We have never teen a record of a more cold-blooded and inhuman murder than the one we are about to give. It tran scends in horror and inhumanity anything tbat has ever been perpetrated by human fiends. Indeed we coald scarcely believe that we had, in this land of civilization and Christianity, a class of men so steeped in crime and lufey Hio U gnilty of a deed tbat makes tbe blood run cold. Tbe "Border Ruffians" live and move and have their being by virtue of tbe encouragement and sympathy they derive from Pres. Pierce. But a day or so ago, he sent a message to Congress, asking for money to pay these Border Ruffians for pillaging towns and murdering innocent men and women. Murder after murder has been committed in Kansas nnder his sanction, and by men whom be sent their to protect and govern the Territory. How long will these transactions be permitted by a free people 7 But to tbe murder, an account of which we take from tbe N. Y. Times : Perry Co. People' $ Advocate. "Mr. E. P. Brown, of Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, formerly of Michigan, was returning from the free State election held at Easton. He had not molested a human being, bnt had been a candidate for tbe Legislature. Some forty of the Border Ruffians of Missouri overtook him witbin a mile of Leavenworth and dragged him to a groggery some two or three miles in tbe country. Here he was shamefully maltreated. But there was no mercy for him. Tbey prepared themselves with ropes snd other implements for hanging, and after sunset Friday tbey arranged to lead him out. Some of their party then proposed to Lynch him as a compromise, rather than hang him. This was at once approved, when the rabble sprang upon bim with hatchetr, axe, knivet, and elui$, piercing, chopping, mangling, kicking, murdeei.no him bt inches. He imme diately became senseless, from the heavy blows upon his head, and fell. He soon recovered in part, and attempted to rise and escape, but no friend attempted to as sist him, and they repeated their beastly outrages till he seemed literally cut to pie ces. But he was still alive,and, while bis blood was flowing freely for tbe liberty of Kansas soil they roughly seised him and tumbled him into a wagon standing near, of which ha was the owner, and drove ten miles to the bouse of one of the party. Most oi them were shamefully drunk by this time, and finding poor Brown still alive, they commenced the insolent work of dressing his wounds. But drunk as they were, their compassion waa so much excited by bis dying groans, that they con cluded to carry him to his own family which was less than a mile distant. A most amiable and devoted wife met him at the door at he was thrown in upon the floor, but human nature waa dropping its last sands. 8be tried to learn the cause of so distressing a death, bnt he bad only strength to say, "They murdered me like coward." These were bis last words. Oh t the chilling reflection that one more pre cious life has been sacrificed by the most abandoned and malicious band of maraud ers tbe earth affords, to preserve Kansas to freedom. The fires of an orthodox bell are too tolerable for those thrice damned beings whose hearts are ao callous to all tbat is hopeful or redeeming in man. How long shall we be left alone to defend our precious rights when tbe demons at our doors threaten ns with devastation aod death? Tbey have descended to lower depths of infamy than any civilised people of which history bears record. For never be fore do I remember of an instance where a people professing to enjoy the blessings of a Bepublican government have cut into inch pieces and tortured to death their pri soners taken in war I It is without a par alel. So glaring aa event will do more tban all that occurred heretofore, to win the sympathies of our friends and expose tbe calumny of our enemies. Until eternity begins, may history adorn tho asms of BaoWH the martyr." Poetry and Piety. An exquisite relish for music, is no test of ths influence of Christianity j neither are many of tbs exquisite sensibilities of our nature. When a kind mother eloses tho eyas of bar expiring babe, she is thrown into a flood of sensibility ; and saathina to Ha ka . ,,,,. MARCH 14, 1856. and prayers of so attending minister. When a gathering neighborhood assemble to the funeral of an acquaintance, one pervading sense of regret and tenderness tits on the faces of tbe company ; and the deep silence, broken only by tbe solemn utterance of tbe man of God, carries kind of pleasing religiousness along with it Tbe sacredness of tbe hallowed day, and all tbe decencies of its observation, mav chance tbe affections of him who loves to walk in tbe footsteps of his Father, aod every recurring Sabbath may bring to his bosom tbe charm of its regularity and quietness. Religion baa its accompani ments,and in these there may be something to soothe and fascinate even in the absence of the appropriate influences of religion. Tbe deep and tender impression of a fam ily bereavement is not religion; tbe love of established decency is not religion; tbe charm of all that sentimentalises that is associated with many of its solemn and affecting services, is not religion. They may form the distinct folds of its accus tomed drapery ; but they do not, sny or all of them put together, make up the sub stance of the tbing itself. Dr. Chalmers. The Officer's Funeral Bark ! to the shrill trumpet calling. It piorooth the soft summer air I Tears from each comrade are falling, For the widow and orphan are there ! The bayonets earthward are turning. And the dram's muffled breath rolls around. But ho hoar okat lb woiow of their warn Log, Kor awakes to ihe bugle's soft aouud i But he hears, etc Sleep, soldier t though many regret thee Who stand by Ihy cold bier to-day. Soon, soon shall the kindest forget thee. And thy name from the earth pass awayt The man thou didst love as a brother, A friend in thy place will have gained, The dog shall beep watch fur another. And ihy steed by a stranger be reined. Bat tho' hearts that now mocra for thee sadly Soon joyous as ever shall be, Tho' thy bright orphan boy may laugh gladly As he sits on some comrade's kind knee. There is one who shall still pay tbe duty Of tears for the true and the brave. As when first in the bloom of her beauty She wept o'er the dead soldier's grave. How. Mas. NoaToar. Jefferson on Bestrictlon. A correspondent sends the Lancaster Examiner the following interesting and important extract of a letter from Thomas Jefferson to General Smith, dated May 3, 1818. Having spoken of spirituous liquors, Ac, as an article of revenue and commerce, he adds as follows : " But the prostration of body and mind, which the cheapness of liquor is spreading through the mass of our cititens, now calls the attention of the Legislator on a very different principle. One of his most im portant duties is, as guardian of those who can not take care of themselves ; such are minors, maniacs, gamblers and drunkards. Tbe last, i. e., drunkards, require mtrictive measures, to save tbem from the fatal in fatuation under which be is destroying his health, his morals, bis family and his use fulness to society." Thus it will be perceived thatUhe great Apostle of Liberty, the father of Democ racy, the venerated author of tbe declara tion of our independence, was (what some of those who at this day call themselves his disciples) call a " Fanatic," on tbe subject of intemperance, as well as on the slavery question. A JEF'EasostuN Democrat. Nxw York, March 6. Mayor Wood has brought an old house about his ears in issuing proposals for removing the snow and ice in Broadway. The contract is to be awarded to the lowest bidder, and the work is to be finished by Monday week next, the 17th. Now, as this is St. Pa trick's Day, the Know-Nothings have dis covered that the object of the Mayor is to bave tbe streets swept nice and clean for the especial accommodation of the Irish processions which are expected to turn out on that day I Accordingly, Mr. Jos. . Ebling, Commissioner of Streets and Lamps, a thorough going K N., comes out in a card stating that the Mayor's ad vertisement for removing tbe iee is wholly unathoriscd, at tbe same time notifying persons wbo may be disposed to contract for tbe job that they will bave to whistle for their pay I What the result will be of this funny conflict of authority remains to be seen ; but the Sam's men say tbat they are determined that the Irish proces sion shall march through tbs mud, just ss the O. U. A.'e were compelled to do, on Washington's Birthday. Tbe funeral of the late Lieut Charles O. Hunter, who died in tbe City Hospital nnder peculiarly distressing circumstances took place to-day, at Trinity Church. There waa a very numerous attendance of tbe friends and acquaintances of tbs de ceased, among whom might hare and there be seen a tinselled hat band and an epau lette, indicative of tbe presence of the Ar my and Navy. But these were few and far between. The officiating clergymen were the Rev. Dr. Height and the Rev. Mr. Cbauncey. No funeral discourse was delivered, though the expectation that there would be drew many persons to lbs Church. The body was conveyed to Greenwood Cemetery. "After life's fit ful fever he sleeps well" There were no pail-bearers, and the service was said with. . L e. .uO UlUSi auualO. At $1,50 Pes 1KB HOOSB or TBS LORD. Toa may erne; of the baautr of aaoantala aaS ante. Of the ailnrr otreoatleta and Sowen of the rale; Snt the nlaoo moot delifhtfal tola earth aaa aflbc Tj the place cfderotkia Ihe honee of the lori. Toa auj boaet of the awtotnoo, of oay'a early down, Of the akr'. esrtrainf gracea whoa an, hi Jet gas, Bnt there's no other aoaaoa or ttate eaa eomnnre With tho hoar of deration the Mooa of i rarer. Toa aiaj Tela, the frimdabip of yonth and of afo, And aeleet fcr roar eoasradeo the noble and oago. Bnt tbe Snenae that nwet cheer njo on HVm ruot-d rood An tho Monde of mj Matter the children of God. Ton nay talk of nor proepecta of fame and of wealth And the bo pre that oft Salter the tee'ritee of health, Bnt tho hope of krifht glory of haneenly blloa Take away orery other, and giro aw hut thia. Xrer hall, MooohI temple, abodo of my Lord t; I wUI turn to thee often to hear from Uia Word, I will wonhlp within thee with tbooo whom I krre. And delight in tbe proepecta rereeledjboni aboee. Cold Wintsrs. Dr. Noah Webster, in a book which hs published in 1799, gives many important meteorological phe nomena, from the earliest ages of tbe world, and among the rest soms relative to this country. He states that ths winter of 1607-8 waa ths severest known for an age in America and England ; that in the winter of 1641-2 " the bay at Boston was frozen so that teams and loads passed to the town from the neighboring ialands; the iee ex tended to sea as far as the eye could reach tbat in 1696-7 loaded sleds passed from Boston to Nantucket; tbat in 1717 there were prodigious storms of snow, insomuch that one hundred of Mr. Wintbrop's sheep on Fisher's Island were buried to the depth of sixteen feet; that in 1779-80 "from the 25th of November to the middle of March tbe cold was severe and almost un interrupted," and from the first to tbe twenty -fourth of January the mercury was never above sent and sometimes twenty degrees below, ths mean temperature at sunrise being four degrees lower than the average. " Farmers could do little else abroad than feed their cattle and provide them with water. Almost all birds of the forest perished. Here snd there only, a solitary warble was heard tbe next sum mer." In 1835-6, in tbe interior of New England sleighing continued from Nor. 23 to nearly the middle of May. That will do. Tbe last winter was no match for tbe 1779-80 winter. THE FARM The Garden The Orchard. Vor tho Lrwlebwrg Chronicle. MARCH. Many are apprehensive that the severe snd constant cold of the winter, tbat must now soon yield to better influences, has killed the bloom-buds of fruit-trees, if not tbe trees themselves. But the roots have been so well protec ted by the deep mulching of snow, and have been so free from excessive moisture, tbat where tbe trees are vigorous, and not exhausted by heavy bearing last year, a crop of fruit may fairly be expected. A late spring, mounting the throne, un conditionally and entirely abdicated by winter, may be looked for with good hope. It is through ths root that fruit trees mostly suffer. If they stand long in soil saturated with water, injury is sure to fol low ; and if severe frost occurs while they are in this condition every vessel being surcharged with liquid the pipes and valves, and often the entire trunk are rap tured and destroyed. Among their earliest orchard operations are the pruning of grape vines, gooseber ries and currants, and tbe grafting of plum and cherry trees. The pruning ought to be done in February. For grape vines near walls or in gardens, the spur system of pruning is most convenient snd suitable. In close planted vineyards, where it is aa object to keep tbe entire growth within reach, the renewal system is used. Both are described in all works on fruit culture, and as tome of these are in the hands of all intelligent, enquiring, and progressive cultivators, it is unnecessary to give rules here. Grafting of plum and cherry trees should be done on the first day or part of day in which the thermometer shows a tempera ture mild enongh to admit of the close aod air-tight application of was 50 or up wards, not waiting till tbe snow is gone. The manure for hot-beds should now be put into frames ; the mould to be laid on the manure after thorough fermentation should be kept nnder cover. Those who would grow early salad, peas, tomatoes, cabbage, &&, will improve this mention by refreshing their memorios with a look through a good work on practical garden ing. W. Boalsbcro. WARM BARNS. Eds. Cultivator So much has been said upon ths necessity of keeping cattle warm in winter, that it might be supposed every farmer would have his barn warm and comfortable; bat aa we call upon our neighboring farmers, we find many of their barns quite open, exposing their cat tle to the wind and drifting snow. Many doubtless, do not know bow much more it costs to winter cattle in a sold barn tban in a warm one, and that, at best, tbey can not bo made to thrive so well upon the same quality of food. The animal body aeta aa a furnace which mast be supplied with fuel, sad the greater tho exposure to cold, the mors fuel tksre most he to keep oho, knot ' " ' " ' YEAR XII....WIIOLE 'NUMBER, 622. Teas, alttats is Adyanci. Cspt Parry, when wintering in the fri-w. gid regions, found his men lost their ap petite for light feed, and ate clear butter and grease, with a keea relish, and with ut ths slightest inconvenience, and that their health and comfort required these articles of food in proportion as they were exposed to tbs rigor of the climate. Warmly clad travelers bars found, to their great surprise, that the men in soma of ths northern tribes, wbo wear little elotbingt will consume daily ten pounds of flesh,hs sides eating as freely of tallow candles as we do of apples. So it appears that shel ter and clothing, to a certain extent, an swer the purpose of food. If we apply this principle to the wintering of stock it is obvious a great saving may bt mad in hay. Tbe cattle ia the barn are so many furnaces tbat must be kept heated. If the surrounding medium is cold, then must be mors fuel, or the cattle's flesh will be consumed to keep up ths heat. The farmer, then, who has 20 tons of hay in a cold barn, may savs at least one tenth of it, by expending a small sum in ma king his stables warm; and this saving hs may make every year he fills his barns besides hsving his cattle in a much better condition in tbe spring. Fanners frequently bny hay ia backward springs, paying high prices, when, if they hsd expended one-balf of the money paid for the bay in fixing np their stables, they wonld save buying any hay, besides hav ing their stables warm for future use. So tbs objection farmers sometimes make to repairing their barns that they are poor and ia debt is the very reason why they should repair them. If they are paying six per cent interest on their stock, thty can ill afford to lose twice as much mora ia keeping it Coll barns will maks s farmer poor, as well as his cattle. A mer chant or mechanic would grow poor rut enough if he wasted ten per cent, of bis stock. No wonder, then, farmers crow poor who waste often more than tea per cent of all their cattle ia cold, open barn. The farmer had better sell a toa or two of hay, (if hs can not do without,) and get some money to make his barn warm. We have seen cold stables made quite comfortable by boarding them on ths in side, three or four inches from the outside boards, snd filling ths intermediate space) with straw. The front side of the stable) should slso be boarded op, leaving a specs open to feed the cattle, whieh may be kept open or closed, according to the tempera ture of the weather. This is a very cheap method for those who cannot build new barns, or make thorough repairs upon old ones ; snd it is only necessary to have it accomplished, that the farmer should go ahout it It may be done at any season of tbe year, ia fair weather or fouL Far mers, in what manner can yon more profit ably invest s few dollars? You have,per baps, a warm kitchen, and find it much less expensive providing fuel for it tban for a cold one, besides being much more comfortable for your family. Yoa will find there is as much economy ia having a warm barn, as ia having a warm kitchen; and although the comfort of yonr wattle is not to be compared with tbat of your fam ily, yet it should not be forgotten. Could the dumb brutes speak, tbey would tell many sad talea of suffering ; yes, aod they would argue, too, more feelingly than ever a stump speaker could, in favor of protection, loan Tcm. Center County Premiums. Ths Committee on field crops awarded to Amoa Alexander of Penn township,the premium of two dollars, for "tbe best on sere of corn" having produced one hun dred and eighty-two buahels of ears of corn from one acre. The certificate of the measurement was presented; but no statement of the mode of culture was fur nished by Mr. Alexander, as required by the regulations of the Society. The Committee awarded to Christian Dale, of Harris township, tbs premium of two dollars for "the best one acre of wheat" Mr. Dale having produced, as appeared from the accompanying certificate, on 3A. . 33p., an average of 41 8-10 bushels per acre. They also swarded to Christian Dais a premium of two dollars for the best one acre of oats, bsving produced them from, as appeared by accompanying cirtiikato, 661 bushels. Mr. Dale states that hs sowed tbe oats on com stnbbls at the rate of two bushels of seed per acre. The Committee awarded to Samuel Gil liland, of Harris township ths premium of two dollars for "the best snd most timothy hay on one acre of ground," having produ ced, as appear by tbs accompanying cer tificate, upon 3A. 47p of land, eighteen tone. Mr. Gililland's statement of tbe mods of cultivation is here presented : "The manner in which the above named lot of ground was farmed is as follows : in April, 1353, il was sowed with oats, at the same time I sows half bushel timothy teed, snd one pe clover seed. The fine week July, 1854, I ent about two ton bay to tbe acre. As soon aa the bay west taken from ths ground, I gave about one balf of the lot a beavy dressing of bun. yard manure ; tbe first and second veek of July, 1855, 1 cut and housed IS tons of hay. Tbs lot was sowa with plaster io the mnnth nf April of each year. i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers