implement. cident to the character of the service re quired of our troops have furnished addi tional evidence of their courage, zeal, and capacity to meet any requisition, which their country may make upon them. For the detail of the military operations, the distribution of the troops, and additional provisions required by the military service, 1 refer to the report of the Secretary of ar and the accompanying documents. Kxperience, gathered from events which Live transpired Min e my last animal tiies H're, has but served to eontii ui the opinion then expressed of the propriety of making i provision, hy a retired list, lor disabled of ficers, and for increased compensation to the oiucers retained on the list for active dutv. All the reasons which existed. when these measures were recommended on former occasions, continue without mod-: itication, except so lar jus circumstances 1 have given to some ofthein additional force. The recoiumeni.itions, heretofore made for a p'irtia) reorganization of the army, I are al-o renewed The thoroiv.'li element ary education -riven to those nlfi.-ers, who commence their service with the grade of cadet, ipualiiied them, to a certain extent, to perform the duties of every arm of the service ; but to give the highest efficiency to artillery retjuires the practice and spec ial study (if many years ; and it is not, therefore, believed to be advisable to main tain, in lime of peace, a larger force of that arm than can be usually employed in the duties appertaining; to t lie service of field and siege artillery. The duties of the staff in all it various branches belong to the movement of troops, and the efficiency of an army in the ti-'!d would materially depend nji -n the ability with which those duties are ili-rhtrg.-il. It is not, as in the case of the artiiierv, a speciality, but re Cjuires a!? , an intimate knowlcd-re of the duties of an officer of the line, and it is not doubted that, to complete the educa tion of an oiric.-r fir either the line or the general staff, it is desirable that he shall have served in both. With this view, it was recommended on a former oca-iim that the duties of the staff should be main ly performed bv details from the line; and with conviction of the advantages which1 would result fromsu- h a change it is again presented fortho consideration of t'ongress. NAVY. The report of the Secretary of the Navy, herewith submitted, exhibits in full the naval operations of the past year, together with the pres. nt condition of the service, and it makes su-"re.-tions of further legisla tion, to which vo'ir attention is invited. The construction of the six steam friir ates. tor which appropriations were inacJP i bvthe last ( 'oppress, has proceeded in the must satisfactory manner, and with such expedition, as to warrant the belief that! they will be ready fur service early in the , eoniinir sprin-r. Important as this addi tion o our naval force is, it still remains inadequate to the contingent exigencies ot the protection of the extensive sem-oastand vast commercial interests of the I'nited States. In view of this fact and of the ac-: knowledge! wisdom of the policy of a 1 gradual and systematic increase of the na-, vy, an appropriation is recommended for j the construction of six steam sloops-of-war. ; In regard to the steps taken in cxe-u-1 tion of the act of Congress to promote the efficiency of the navy, it is unnecessary for . me to say more than to express entire con-; currence in the observations on that sub-: j-ct presented by the Secretary in his rc- i port. POST ofuck. ! It will be perceived, by the report of the , Postmaster General, that the gross expen- diture of the department for the last fiscal : year was nine million nine hundred and eixtv-cight thousand three hundred and forty-two dollars, and the irross receipt seven million three hundred and forty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-six dol-' lars. making an excess of expenditure over receipts of two million six hundred and; twentv-six thousand two hundred and six j dollars ; and that the ecst of mail trans- portation durimrthat year was six hundred and sever.tv-fi'ur thousand nine hundred and fiftv-two dollars greater than the pre vious year. Much of the heavy expeudi- tures, to which the Treasury is thus sub-! jected. is to be ascribed to the lar;a fjuan- tity of printed matter conveyed by the ; mails, either franked, or liable to no pos- tage compared with that charged on let-, ters; and to the great cost of mail service ; on railroads and by oceau steamers. The j suggestions of the Postmaster General on i the subject deserve the consideration of j Congress. . , INTERIOR. j The report of the Secretary of the Inte-1 rior will engage your attention, as well for useful suggestions it contains, as for the interest and importance of the subjects to' which they refer. . j The aggregate amount of public land I sold during the last fiscal year, located I with military scrip or land-warrants, taken j up uuder grants for roads, and selected as j swamp lands by the States, is twenty-four million five hundred and fifty-seven thou ! Band four hundred and nine acres ; of j which the portion sold was fifteen million seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand five hundred and twenty-four acres, yield ing in receipts the sum of eleven million four hundred and eighty-five thousand three hundred and eighty dollars. In the game period of time, eight million seven hundred and twenty-three thousand eight hundred and fifty-four acres have been surveyed ; but, in consideration of the quan ty already subject to entry, no additional tract have been brought into market. The peculiar relation of the general government to the District of Columbia renders it proper to commend to your care sot only its material, but also its mora in terests, including education, more espe cially in those parts of the district outside of the cities of Washington and Georgetown. The commissioners appointed to revise and codify the laws of the District have made such progress in the performance of their task, as to insure its completion in the time prescribed bv the act of Congress. Information has recently been received, that the peace of the settlements in the Territories of Oregon and Washington is disturbed by hostilities on the part of the Indians, with indications of extensive com binations of a hostile character among the tribes in that quarter, the more serious in their possible effect by reason of the unde termined foreign interests existing in those Territories, to which your attention has already been especial! v invited. Efficient measures have been taken, which, it is be- licved. will restore ouiet and afford nr.H teetton to our citizens. t i In the Territory of Kansas, there have i States, been acts prejudicial to good order, but as The Congress of the United States, is, yet none have occurred under eircuinstaii- in effect, that congress of sovereignties, ees to justify the interposition of the feder-j which good men in the Old World have al Executive. That could only be in case soti-rht for, but could never attain, nnd of obstruction to federal law, or of organ- j w hich imparts to America an exemption ized existence to territorial law, assuming from the mutable league for common uc the character of insurrection, which, if it ! tion, from the wars, the mutual invasions should occur, it would be my duty prompt- and vague aspirations after the balance of Iv to overcome and suppress. I cherish power, which convulse from time to time the hope, however, that the occurrence ( tin- governments of Kuroic. t bir co-nper-of any audi untoward event will be pre- , utive action rests in the conditions of jmt vented by tte sound sense of the people of j inanent confederation prescribed by the the Territory, who, by its organic law pos- ! constitution. Our balance of (lower is in sessing the right to determine their own i the sepcrate reserved rights of the States, domestic institutions, are entitled, while and their coital representation in the Sen- deporting themselves jieacef ully to the free exercise of that ri-rht. and must be protect ed in the free enjoyment of it, without in terference on the part of the citizens of any of the State. The southern boundary line of this Ter ritory has never 1 n surveyed and estab lished. The rapidly-extending settlements in that region, and the fact that the main route between Independence, in the State of .Missouri, and New Mexico, is cvmtiiru oits to this line, suggest the probability that einharrassiii-r ipiestions nt jurisdiction mav eonseoueiit v arise, ror these am. ror these and other considerations, I commend the sub- ject t ) your early attention. ; CnNSTlTl'TIOXAl.TllUciRY OFTIIKfiOVFRN- mext. ; I have thus passed in review the irenenil state of the Union, including such particu- ; lar concerns of the federal government, w hether of domestic or foreign relation, as it appeared to me desirable and useful to briti"; to the special notice of Con-rress Unlike the great states of Europe and Asia, and many of those of America, these Uni ted States are wasting their strength nei ther in foreign war or domestic strife. t Whatever of discontent or public dissatis- : faction exists, is attributable totheimper- fections of human nature, or is incident to all governments, however perfect, which , human wisdom can devise. Such subjects ! of political agitation, as occupy the public i mind consist, to a -Teat extent, of exa-'- ft"uru:it led by the constitution : but, in all itself into misapprehension, or liusinterpre- tion'. it was c-uise of gratulaii-n that such ireration of inevitable evils or over zeal fn 1 tliintr Im side, these rights were guarded ' tation, of the jirinciplcs and facts of the an opportunity had occurred to illustrate our toci-il iiimroveiucn' or me'ie im-.-iii-ition ' ''V the limitation of the powers granted, 1 K,i,i-!l1 oriralliaition of the Hew Territor- : advancing pow-r -.n this continent, and to fur sotI.ll llllproemcn., or mi le lin.lgltutlou . . e n - ,r .1. I-..:,,..l c ni'h to the world ad.liuonal assurance of the of L'rievance. havin" but remote connexion with any otthe constitutional tunctionsor duties of the federal government. To whatever extent these questions exhibit a tendency menacing to the stability of the constitution, or the integrity of the Union, and no farther, they demand the consider ation of the Executive, and require to be presented by him to Congress. Before the Thirteen Colonies became a confederation of independent States, they were associated only by community 01 . ic a.-.--oi.in;u iiiii o loiuiiuiini t vi . transatlantic uri-iii, bv -eographicaf p. ! Mtioiu and by the inutul.lV of comuL ! dependence on ireat Britain. When that tio vras sundered, they severally fuuied thepowepiandriirlit! of absolute self government. Theinunicipal and social insti tutions of each, itfl laws of property and of personal relation, even its political onrum- zation, were such only as each one chose toestablh, whollv without interference ! from any other. In the lan?na?e of the I UMS Ieclanttion of Independence, eaeh State I A population of this da.-, held in iil-had-full power to levy war, conclude 1 Motion, existed in nearly ail the States, peaee, contraet alliances, establis-h com- i but was more numerous and of more seri-men-e, and to do all other aets and things ! 6 eoncrrmnent in the South than in the whirh independent State of riirht mav ! Nrth, on aeeount ot natural dilf.-reneesof do. j he several colonies differed m cli- j ''IniiMte ami prouuciion ; ami it was lore- pnnleri ns on the triitl ot .Mexico, yet. m mate, in soil, in natural productions, in thnt. for the same reasons, while this fact, it extended to the opoite bounda reliinn, in systems of education, in letrisla- ! pojHiIation would diminish, and, sooner or j ri,s of the I'nited States, with far greater tion, and in the tonus ot political adruui-i ""r ' l, 1,1 'i"- e.-s u istration ; a.id they continued to differ in j mitrlit inerea in others. The peculiar theso re-pt-rts when thry voluntarily allied ! Hiarurter and magnitude of this question themselves as States to carry on the war of ! ' rifflit?, not in material relations on the revulutiim. " ly, but still more in social ones, caused it The object of that war was to disenthral to enter into tlie Fiecial stipulations of the the I'nited Colonies from foreign rule, i constitution. which had proved to be oppressive, and Hence, while the general government, to separate them permanently from the j as well by the enumerated powers granted mother country : the political result was the foundation of a federal republic of the free white nicn of the colonies, constituted, as they were, in distinct, and reciprocally independent, State overnmonte. As for the subject races, whether Indian or Afri can, the wise and brave statesmen of that dav, beincr enpt:ed in no extravagant scheme of social change, left them as they were, and thus preserved themselves and their posterity from the anarchy, and the ever-re urnii"; civil wars, which have pre- vailed in other revolutionized European colonics of America. When the confederated States found it convenient to modify the conditions of their association, by giving to the general gov ernment direct access, in some respects, to the people of the States, instead of confi ning it to action on the States as such, they proceeded to frame the existing con stitution, adhering steadily to one guiding thought, which was, to delegate only such power as was necessary and proper to the execution of specific purposes, or, in other words, to retain as much as possible, con sistently with those purposes, of the inde pendent powers of the individual States. For objects of common defence and securi ty, they intrusted to the general govern ment certain carefully-defined functions, leaving all others as the undelegated rights of the separate independent sovereignties. Such is the constitutional theory of our government, the practical observance of which has carried us, and us alone, among modern republics, through nearly three h- ..i , nun noi-out mi. fYii ,1 .. fl , 1 . . . tl r.t till... ' . t I. . 1 1 , . h A..C. 1 . T M,A drop of blood shed in civil war. With freedom and eon cert of action, it has etia - bled us to contend successfully on the bat tle-field against foreign foes, has elevated tlieteePle colonies into powcrtul Mates, and has raised our industrial productions, and our comineree, which tninsport them, to the level of the richest and the createst greatest nations of Kurope. And the admiral adap- I tation of our political institutions to their objeets, combining local self-government with aggregate strength, has established the uractibilitv of a government like ours (to cover a continent with confederate i i i- lite. T hat indi-jM-ndeiit sovereignty in ev ery one of the Stales, with its reserved rights of local self-government assured to each by their co-elia! power ill the Sen iif", was the fundamental condition of the constitution. Without it the Union would never have existed. However desirous the larger States might l- to re-organize the government so us to give to their sipula- tion its proiMirtiouate weight in the com nion counsels, they knew it nit imiiossihle. j unless they conceded to ti- sm..li..r n-n iiuiliorltv to exercise at least a ne-'ative in- lluence on all the measures of the trovoni- "'""I. whether egi.,lutne or executive, through their eiiuul repn-a-ntiition in tin N-nate. Indecil, the larL'er Mates them selves could not have failed to js-rceive, that the same jmwerwas (iially necessary to them, for tlie security of their own do mestic interests airniiist the ao-rreirute force of tin- general government. In a word, the original States went into this M-rinaneiit league on the agreed premises, of exerting their common slrcnlli for the defence of the whole, and of all its parts : but of utterly ex- hidino; all capability of reciprocal airirres.,ioti. Eaehsnleiimlv boiinil Itseil to nil the otliers. in-itlier to miller take, nor pennit. anv encroachment upon. or intermeddling with, another's r riirhts. erved 1 vlieto it as ui ' liie-1 i aih uu iii, 11:0111- ii :i . . .1. . ..i ..i:.... . .-:.. i "lar m ll,e scales were expressly "., !' - ' " rci-1 : not granted, in the compact of union.; Thus, tiie great tiower of taxation was liin- ' ited to i.uriHises of common defence ami ; general welfare, excluding- objects apixT- luimng to llie HK-.11 legislation 01 llie scut- mto new Mates, was adopted 111 the (. on-: .irr.iw view- and .-ectiena! purpose, wuuMin ! al States, and those purposes of general gress of the confederation, it is not to lie j eviuibly have excluded thctu all from the wellare ami common delencc were alter- wards defined bv specific enumeration as 1 .. 1 t 1 1 being matter ly of eorelation lietwecn the States themselves, or liotween tliem and foreign irovcrnments. which, because ... - of tlu-ir romnion and -.-nrral nutnw nwild " rontrol of each j ' l4,lv n i i- j Ot the cireutiiHtances of local ronrtition, i interest, and rights, in w hieli a portion of ; the Mats, constituting one great section f tlin 1 '.Y.i. ilifT..n.tit ftvnii r.-ii ml , " ' - ir",n ""-t w ' l""ian Was l"ry )t a larger relative c.;i-: orLHl Plmllltl,m " t,ie uthern than m to"it, as by'those not ennmerated, anil there- . fore refused to it, was forbidden to touch this matter in the sense of attack or of fence, it was placed under the peneral safe guard of the Union, in the sense of defence against either invasion or domestic vio lence, like all other local interests of the several States. Each State expressly stip ulated, as well for itself as foreai-h and all of its citizens and evcrv citizen of each ..1..,,... i 1 kp liie ulln. . ....... .,...... ... giance to the constitution, that any ktsoii I held to sevi.-e or lulxir in one State, escaping into another, should not, in consequence of any law or regulation thereof, lie dis charged from such service or luW, bnt should be delivered np on the claim of the party to whom such service or lalwr might be due by the laws of this State. Thus, and thus only, by the reciprocal guaranty of all the rights of every State against interference on the part of another, was the present form of government estab lished by our fathers and transmitted to as ; aud hy no other means is it possible for it to exist. If one State ceases to re spect the rights of another, and obtrusive ly intermeddles with its local interests, if a portion of the States assume to impose their institutions on the others, or refuse to fulfil their obligations to them, we are no longer United friendly States, bnt distract ed hostile ones, with little capacity left of common advantage, but abundant means of reciprocal injury and mischief. I Practically, it is immaterial whether ag - ! irressive interference between the States, A rin ihilHtn yin lit U M i ji oroo-.nn: iuuwi mi nit i-un'-i ... one of them to comply with constitutional 1 obturations arise from erroneous convio - tion or Wind prejudice, whether it be ,r- .1, i- . ,. ' i petrated hy direction or indirection. In either case, it w full ot threat Mint ot aan - ger to the durabilitv of the Union. j covstitition.vi. kkiations of slavekv. Placed in the office of Chief Magistrate i the executive nireiit of the whole conn- try. bound to take eare that the laws lie faithfully executed, and sjiecially enjoined ! Iiv I lie constitution to cive iiifoniintion to 1 Congress on the state of the Union, it1 i ... - , would be liahiable nevlect of duty on mv part to pass over a subject like this, which, ! Iieyond all thing's nt the present time, vi-! tally concerns individual nnd public seen- j rity". ! Jt has been matter of painful regret to see States, conspicuous in their services for founding this Republic, and cijually sha-' ring its advantages, disregard their consti- j tutiomil obligations to it. Allhonirh eon- i scions of their inability to heal admitted I and palpable social evils of their own, and 1 which are completely within their jtirisdic-1 tion, thev engage in the offensive and ' lioiiell--: mil lert;i hilur of refurtiibor tbn rbk. 1 . ... . 1 ., ... . " i it i possible elticncy Pi control the righta of the nestle institutions o other States wholly . wlii.h 'Bighf thcrMllVr UK oric,nili licyond their control and authority. In I t r any part of the original territory of the vain pursuit of ends, hy them entirely I..uiii.ii. unattainable, and which thev mav not e- j In all this, if any aszrcs'ion there vrere. any gallv uttemii: to comimss. thev 'peril the I innovation upon pre-existo.R riebts. P. v.lo--h r-i i o I portion ot the Lni-m are thev jitetlv ennrg'a- very existenif of the constitution, and all!. , . j . the countless iH-nefitswhicli it h:ts conferred. xhi- cnntr-iversy ps-e-l away with the o-va-While the aviple of the sotith.-rn States i nothing surviving it save the dormant ht- coiifine their al tent ion to their own affairs, 1 not presuming officiously to intermeddle ' with the soi-ial institutions of the northern States, too u anv of the inhabitants uf the ; latter are porm.inenii.. ,,;...4 I., ii.s.sia-1-1 l.iu'oiis to indict iiijurv on the former, bv i ! wrongful acts, which vioulilbeca au.s-' ot war las befivi-en forciirtt isiivcr' and onlv fail to I lie sm-ii in our system, le-cause ja-rja lrati-i ' under cover of the Union. It is impossible topre-ant this subject as i truth and the minsimi require, without no- j ticin-r the reiterated, but groundless, alb- galion, timt tiie South has a rsistently u- I sertcd claims ami obtained advantages in i : the practical adiniui-tratioii of the general j govi rnniept, to the prejudice oi the North, i and in which the latter has aciuioscoil. IThat is. llie States, which either promote j or tolerate attacks on the riirhts of persons j and of pioja-rly in other States, i-jiiisguise ! their own injustice, pretend or imagine, iiinl cou-tautiv aer. lh:il tiiev. w hosi- con- . . . . . - . ' ! stitilliotial rights are svIeiniiiicallv assuil- I'd. lire themselves the airirressors. At the ! present lime, this imputed au-rressi-m. rest- .. . ; ...1 ;.. i ...i : 011:, s ,t ,., ,001 111 no- a -i- , -ivi 111111.1- ioij marges o pomicai a-ruau.i s. r. ves i iv ... u.e v....... ,-.a.-s. , What is the voice of history? When the ordinance, which provided for the "-ov-! ..r,.n,,.i.i nt n.rninrr iu.riU.wt uf flu. ! . . 1 i- -. I 1 1- river Ohio, and for its eventual siil(ivi-io:i , Isiipposi-d that the question of future tive iiowcr, as Is-tween the States which ...... retained, and those which did not retain, a j numerous colored population. cscaK-d no- i tiee or fiiiled to lie considered. And yet . f the rom-c.ion of that vat territory totho I interests an.l opinions of the nortliem t - tatr, n o-iiiu-i nu im- -m im " , unaonir the lut iiieni!ers of the I nion, j WaS jn preat measure, the art of the State I of iririnm and of the toufh. w - , , i u nen Lioniiana was acquire., rv mr United States it wh an aequiition nt w to the North than to the South ; for jt was ; miM,rtant to the country at tlte mouth of the river Miiviippi to W eome the eniori!un of tlie country above it. ho also it was even more iimortant to ine wnoip i io nave mat eiiifHiniiiu ; 1 and although tlie new province, by reason of its imperfect settlement, was mainlv re- breadth above than below-, and was in ter ritory, as in everything else, equally at least an aecesion to the northern States. It is mere delusion and prejudice, therefore. to Siwak of Louisiana as acquisition in tlie : siiecial interest of the South. ! SJHl'l The patriotic and just mm, who tmrti . ' ripatctl in that art, wore inHiiencpil bv nnv tives far above all sectional jealousies. It was in truth the preat event, whicli, bj completing for us the possession of the vat lev of the Mississippi, with commercial ac cess to the Gu'.f of Mexico, imparted unity and strength t the whole confederation, ami attached together by indissoluble ties j the r.ast and the est, as well as the North and the South. As to Klor'nla. that was but thetransfer i... v....:.. d,.. l-;t...l Vi..... r ...;.! I - . ., w J 01l I(ie cast su:i. 0I IM. river .Mississippi, in exchange for large territory, which the United States transferred to Spain on the west side of tkut river, as the eutire diplo matic history of the transaction serves to demonstrate. Moreover, it was an acqui sition dcmandil by the commercial inter ests and the 'curity of the whole Union. In the meantime, the people of the Uni ted States had grown up to a proper con- SClOHsnesH Oftleir Stretlgttl.ana in a Uriel I ... . . . . - contest witn rrance, ana in a secona se-: rinus war witk flrent Rritnin thev had ! bal-on (T oil bi..b n.m.;n.rl nt 'iinHno reverence for Eurone and euicrced from Ciur.iU: .-lli. ; UK muiuBjiiicic ui iuuoc uuuv u-, a il j .1. : r 1 ti nuences wmcn surrounaea iuc imam. ie pnblic, and had begun to turn their atten tion to the ful and systematic development of the internal resources of the Union. Among the evanescent controversies of that period, tit most conspicuous was the question of regulation by Congress of the i social condition of the future States to be J founded on the territory of Louisiana ! . Te ordinance for the government of the t - r - i n,,ory '""'' 'l- ni"'on - ,. - . . . . . ... i servile liitjor therein, sunjeel to the cunwiiun ; (,f the extradition -i fugitives from service one ! in any other part "f the I'nited htaa. Sub- U"tly to the a kiplion ot the constitution. this provision cease. 1 to remain as a law ; for tiun n, 8Uch M abM(,al.. ,uow-.. ' j ,y tu, cunsiitutiun. But the i-ei--i!lictijn i.t the fact excited the zeal of social propagan- I diani in some sections ni the cmfe-leraiion : an-l run'1, . f Miseouri. .au.e w t Ue lurineu Ul HO" inni-'n 111 i.iiusiMiia, ir-)M- ! rT tnt. r(.,trietin nriirinalljr apilie-l t. ihe aitioii nia-le to exleua lu the latter terriP ) country situated between the ricr Ohio an-l : i Jlississippi. Most qi.estionaii.e as wan tn.s piopo.u.o.i.u all its constitutional relations, iiett-rthelewi it received the sanction -if Congress, ailh et-nie slight uioihtications of line, to save the eii-l-inp rifrhts of the intended new Slate. It was reluctuiitly acquiesced in by southern Stales as a Siicriticc t- the cnur of peace an-l of the I nion. not only of the rights atipululed by the treaty of Louisiana, hut of the principle uf equality iinioUf; the States jruarantied by the constitution. It was received by the northern States with anjfry and resentful condemnation anl complaint, because it did not concede all , . ., p , I .11 it tl .:. . vi Im'h thev had exact ugly demanded. Having i.i" i ,i i- ri , . ;. . r pa.-sed thr-ugh the Pirms of legislation, it tooa r r .. its place in the statute bo ik. stauling open to . n 1 repeal. lik anv other act of doubtful constitu tionality, subject to be pronounced null and ! void bv the court of law, nd poking no ter of the statute. a-.-e.Mon 01 the Kepabite l lew-, the I n.P-d Stales were to take U.e.r next step m t- vrt-ri- and liecaiiie'iu .... -mn lor n.vslematiied at- I eistiie!-. a KlHlllar COIlliri'.-' '.'!.;. ..e Vkoo.v. -,l Itie Ti--er n-erie-l or teuipis to intervene in the dome-lie atiair- of ! one .ie--liiin of the Lnion. in ileliauee of their rights us Mates, au-1 of the stipulations of the constitution. These attempts K-.-oiue.l a prac tical direction, in the shape of persevering endeavor-1, by some of the representatives, in ,-llt 1 It,. uses of Congres-. to dejirive the smlln-ru State- of the Mippo.sed hi-neiit "I the r-ivi.-ii.iis el Ihe act authorizing the org't!i'.2vti--n ot tiit State ef Missouri. Itut. the g..od sense of t(e people, and the v ital force of the cousiitiiti-.n. iriuinphisi ever ; sectional prejudice, and political error.- -f liie -lay. and tl.e Slat- of Teia- returned t,- the t'lii-.u us -he ith social institute n- which . her people hii-l chosen tor thcui-elve-, and with expres- agre-meni, by the re-annexing act. 1 that she -ii-.lil-l be snscept;be of filb iivislou in I-., a plurality of Mate-. vluueer advantage the interests r.f the W -I...... u .ruO.a.l l.v thi- Vin 1 1 . i .i... lar imerior in res.m-, a- ine uuioeir-i in in- pr-cre-s of time, th whicli sprang from pre- ii.ni' concessions mad by the Sooth. To the every ue.ughtiul tnen l ol the lnion to me true i--vcrs oi oieir c-uiry. i-i to the true lovers of who l -ngcj and li.b..re.l for the full succe.-.s of ,h,s lt ..rlimi.ut of republican in-titu , HII.i ttiiitv f ihe institution. Who w-oil-1 wih to see Florida -till KurcpeHn col- -my : Who would rejoice to hail Texas us a j '--ne star, instead f one in the galaxv el State.-? ; OOO llOrs UNI jPl'iroilic tin in ... ..... 1 .. . . .. .. .., ...;-,.. . i,i ,.. - ti 1 . 1 .... . . ..... 0... 1.. t. u Un. rela-llnnm. liut ,,otl"'r on the ':""r PMn( len" sued when our vicl-mous armies returned from HI1,iit.eolvr-l on I'ongres, to provide j ,r ,1,,,' territories ac-piired by th. treaty of 1 toiadalnre lli hilg-i. The gi-eat relation" of 1 , , , . i i the .uiyt h.;l "rj T nIl mit-j-thm ti.e .iini-Muii ol the new states, tn thnt intviiM- .liritu-ie ptr- xndM th nMtion. liut thr ptri.tif inipul- I ii me popular oran. (tuiiiru nr- iuiuimu- -i t . i u.. .1 TV mdvice ot tbe tatb-rul iu "Uiitn . n.r uperiwr to all the ililficultii's -f the incorpura- ' tin of h new itq ire into tbe l nion. In the 1 counsel" of Ttniprea there a msn;I-teJ ex j trt'memit:isroutMu tf opiniti anl urtii-n Iwtwren j some reprtfentit:ve!, iKu-;lit by the nbu : iv and uncoutitutio!ml eiiiployraent of llie ' lrpi!lative powers of tlie pverLUient to inter and fere in the cii'lition ef tne mclmate Mate: i impo ini-ir ih ?uni inhhi uj-. latter; ana otner repenmuvr-. w nqx-mu llie intf rposiitniii i! the cfncml povrmmrnt in thisi reivctt miiintniueil tlie -elf-cnniitu-tine riphtu of the State". In truth, the thing Httempteil was. iu form nlune. notinn ui the general covernment. while in reality it wan tl.e endeaTor. by aliuae of the leginlatite puwer. to force the Mean of iuteniul policy, eiitertaineJ in particular JStates, npon allied independent States. Once mure the constitution and the Union triumphed irnallv. The new Territo- ries were organized without re-trictions on the diaputed point, and were thus, left i judpe in iiinl panicuiiir uir iiicins-ic i nu niw prnw uf roiistitutional faith proved vipurous enough in Cnn(!res.i not only to arrouplish thi- prima ry object, but alto the incidental and hardly lesn importnnt one, of rn amending the provi sion of the statute for tlie extradition of fnii tivw from service, as to place that public duty under the safe-guard of the general govern ment, and thus relieve it from obstacles raised up by the legislation of some of the States. Vain declamation regarding the provisions of law for the extradition of fugitives from service, with occasion, episodesal of frantic effort to ob struct their cie.-utiuu bv riot and murder, con tinued, for a brief time, to agitate certain lo- ealities. But the tme principle, of leaving each State and Territory to retrulateits Inwsof , , ...ir.i;. , n . . labor according to its own sen" of right and expediency, had acquired f-t aola or the pub lic judgement, to uth a deree, that, by com mon consent, it was observed in the organiia tion of the Territory of Washington. when, mora recently, it became reqnisit to organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kan sas, it was the natural and legitimate, if not the inevitable, consequence of previous events and legitlation. that the same great and sound principle, which had already beeu applied to tu imii t: . 1 1 them ;thllt they should stand exempt from I ttah and Sew .Mexico, should be appltea to ttte restrictions proposed in tbe act relative to the State of Missouri. These restrictions were, in the c'timitiun of i i"""1 ,nouehtfal mm null from thebeginning. , -a.uthori.ed b, the con.Ufti.n, contrary u, j tTntv stipulations tor the cession of Louts- - . iana. and inconsistent with tbe equality of tbe States. They had been stripped ef all moral aathie Ky, by persistant efforts to procure their indi rect repeal through contradictory enactment. Tbev bad been practically abrogated by the legislation attending the organization of Ttah, j liew Meiico. and Washinyten If any vitality ' remain them.it -u""t' "i',, uMt ln, Bm , lbet . WM tnJ mgt. 'UM.m,mM1:rw!mni - iM.toUiit directly and plaiul.t, muJ thus relieve the Slat- i . , . 1 .h t s "f ..ill. . . . I future injury, hut of no possible future benefit ; ; and complete recognition of the pr.n- .' , . f- . . r, , ! - portwu of the ln.it 1 biate. .tu.ll and the measure of It repeal waibnnalojn- undertake, ihivuh the assumption ol'tLcpoa- er- of the general gueernmeut, to dictate the aui-ial inotitutiom any other portion. The roie and effect of the lantftlae of re peal wire uol lelt in doubt. It waa thrcLred, in terui.s. tv l-e ihe Uur mteui and meaning ot tins a t lot Pi I-Ki;alc sUvery into any ter ritory or State, nor to exclude it thurefrolu, but P leave the people thereof perfectly fre t P-rnt and regulate their domestic in-Ulutltli ; in their oau ay. sobjet only Pi the constittt- tioli ot the Lniled Stales." Th- measure cwuld riot b nilh-t-K-luDon it. nierit- utotie. It an attaekil with eiolenee, on the fU- or -i-'lu-ive j.reiext. that it eonsti ! tilled a bre.ieh of taith. Never was objection - more utterly deMilue !' auieitaniial jusiitK-a-I tion. Whru, bcP-re. .as it imagined by -elisi-I blc men, that a regulative -jr declarative jlat i ute, whether eimrtrd ten -r forty years ao, ia j irrepeaiabie. that an net of t'ouresa is above the constitution It, tteiee-l. tiiere vierein the facta anv cause to impute bad taith. it would , . . ' . . attach to these onlv, who have never -easi, , -' . t from the time i,l the enactment .f the restrie- . . . . . . I ttvm r.rf.v,-i..l, ti. lOe tuvmlil llav tn lletliiltni. and to condemn it: who have constantly re- j WT "I'P rtw it f iu"r! fore; wh- h thfio-elvc Hjnin anj aniu attfijiTfl its rtpal hy th ijtfvttablt rrat-lKarv rrf t oi' iLctr oun Tio-h-n-r uii liir -ubjrt. nu-k-i..-l tUr counlrv 19 j. ivt'j.ti-.n ft lit-trn- f.ti-iiiurioiisl riiuiple, uf leaiiiie tin- uiHtt.'r itivoK.! t tht IW-'ftiin the jf flu- r"j''ctje ciiTtinjt 'jt in- rif.:nl Statt. t ii it. not r?tMi'iJ tjtni thip 'itn.''iie, r ny .iifr. i r.i'inti..- tiit- i"--ii.ilitv . in pruc- - f i,,,nvvnie.e, . ,. in tins e... ' -n-t not of the c-inli-rre-t in the organtauuou of a Territory. 'Kiev .in- n-t t-i be i-liarzt-j to the p-ent prio- t il It " t.t.pti!:ir -tiveretutv : on lit cuntrurVj th-y tii-i'Hr U-f'or the intl!i(c.-noH nni y trioii-m 1" the p'ptk. Trrnnf thr-nh th ttftilvt-iM'l t lit-it ptritcvltil alia rlletit hut iire- i-tiMe fV. it. U fr'e:; N -.i tl.-: :itn lion re t-arj- ;t.T -ti".i:i.'l". it- vnumi' .11. t n-t j reTtt u ni'.r'- -u-iej.iiljl than t!.:it n Srut, ti.!"- e. nMutton e'early einir'- "r-puh-hi'Hii f'-rm of -rniii',Tit," iuet-vluii-! .ivni liio I t.(jii l'.inse it.- ti 'lur-ti-' iij-iitiiTioi.! mn i. t it rv'i'-t-t .'..inpf-rt .ith t!i i'U-i nf JiHf ls nn i p.tli'r:l o.-ifiTra'Tie-i in .iiiv oiiirr i:it. Kr-h irom gro-uull-' n-putnt.un- ot' VtrH-b i taith an-i othr-, in'-n will fonuiiin- c thv tr.i;i'n "t ikiz in-w qu .tiun wit!i lit it:':it.;l;v : -Iitt!ii tf :in -.jire- O'nq-jj't Vtn thi- inlp-n-JMit t-viTivufi power- of the l'i it-d ttttM hdI of the repuhlie of Txs. a of the oMt aiul qullj K-IeTiin conipotf. which a ur' the tr-i'iutitx oi th .Swtt -. liut, -Ifjjh'riibie fi wi'uM l"f .-u.':i aii.Ution . . .. :.. :. 1 ..ti : Ui OI t'Uliq-ii' 1 Hi u-!i. utri 111 nn 11.- -hit' i "n-i voivet). Vt hrn wrti"ual neilator dhull hare u'cf lt A in l-'iviiivc -hi! i.-ie, can thii' preteu-ioii i:til lo he met hy count cr preieu oua t Will uil JifffreiU Stat-- he compelled re-ctiv'S t n' t 'i.trem"i with ei-ireme ? Atnl, if either etrm' errr ir pvint, what is thut mi fur forth hut di.oiuTi n of the l nion ? It h new ;?t.ite, loinitrd fruiu liie territory of the L'uitfd States be absohiCfir eieludeJ from j H-imi--! -ii tlu-ei;i. that f.t t of il-'tlf cm-lituteti ; di-niptioti of anion hftween it inl the other j State, ll'.it the proe4 cf di tflution couM j not stop xhi-re. Wouid nt a -ctioiial dcis- ion. pro lucmje euoh result hy a mrtjrity of I rott-s, either north rn or fouthern, of Deietity dme out the or pref.l and atrprieTetl minori ty, and place in pre-ente of each other two ir I recoiicileanly hti.e cit!fedration T I It ir necrf.-nry to fiik thn plainly of proj ; ect. the otf-priMj: ol that -ertiLuiil apritMtiou now pr.:'nilihjr in - nu- -f tin- t!ltes, which- are a iuq r:n tlfjthle a- tiiey are unconstitu 1 tional. and whi h. if perwereI in, mnt and ; will end owlmnitotily. h i- cither disunion ! and civil w;, or it i mere anirry. idle, aim i k?a d:sluitiit t- .,t uhiic pe:tce and tranquili ty. Ihunion for what If the pifionmte rae ot tauaiiciui and pfirtWau spirit did not force the fact np'-n our attention, it wonld he : ihlhitilt to hrlieve, that any consideniWc por tion of the people oi thi? enlightened country I could have j?o r-urrcnierel theneUcs to a f ; imtical detition t the uppod interest of the i relatively tew Africans in the I'nited States, as ln,ny " nan"n ond di?re?ari the intereM , trRmpje undp 01 uir iwrno-nir oiiik'hf vi -iui-ri.n7-, " foot the injunctions of moral ; " n-tltllt;((lIui l,liiirati.,.-iitl to en in plans of vindictive hostility againM tho?e who are asociati'd with them in the enjoyment rf the common heritage uf our national institu tions. Nor is it hostility against thoir fellow-eiti--K'ln i.f one sectiou of the 1'niun alone. The intere-ts, the honor, the duty, the peace, and the prosperity of the people of all sections are equally involved and imperilled in this ques tion. And are patriotic men in any part of the t'niou prepared. u such aa issue, thus madly to invite all the consequences of the for feiture of theircoii-titutional engagements ? It is impossible. The storm of phrensy and fac tum must inevitably dash itself in vain against the unshaken rock of the constitution. I shall never doubt it. I know that the Union ia stronger a thousand times than all the wild and chimerical schemes of sociul change, which are generated, one after another, in the unstable minds of visionary sophists and inter ested agitators. I rely confidently on the pat riotism of the people, on the dignity and seit repect of the States, on tbe wisdom of Con gress, and above all. on thr'rontinued graci'" favor "f Almighty God, to maintain, against all enemies, whether at home r abroad, th sanctity of the constitution and the integrity of the l nion. FKANKXIV PIERCE Wasiiimtox. Ar-mijr SI, lts.C. WHf.AT. .The Chattanooea Pe Gazette of Saturday sayi: Thu',ln" season hat been most taorabl'ftany ering (nil crops and eedingfll'8l farmers are not ypi done sor'ro7' We repeat thaioor iufortrfn,s th ery section of the eotintrwr ami.untof lief thut there will be r ever w -wheat sown this yeata in rauion.ao'i fore! The prices, The prices, srket, have oroug... facilities tor gettinpjUure. . . .u- A cooplewere A YovTHV.Yibush, New ork. latrt married in jd age. ? week. wh4wo year.. etb J dred andoint of their parents ! (ot the 01 know
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers