BURG CHE CLE NO. ON T,F,W II JB II .41 W H. C. 1IICKOK, Editob. O. N.WOllUEX.rKi.vTEK. LEWISBUKKC"K0NlCLE l..uedox ...''. at Uwuburg Vaiou county, Ve'iilramc. w(. ,, rMrrnlk , tii.tiv in l,l.ni-e; ...t w o-.ii ( r ix lutii,,.r to "Si,,; i,t.t.. ",t-"i itii lb. ' j. .Mi .Urn th- r if paid up. A:il..i". " aa.vks. o l: lu -limn-a, Vt-EroSr f?u 'of. enlnmn. f. a r. .,iv,.U.u.inU. to L. tl,rr-t of tbe. " '7 ; u.oueut. t, be .11- r-.l ll-wv I . Ml a n ', . la.!MU.',r'rtVUU sennit ...I Third. ov.r For the Lawiabarg Ckrcwic!.. To L, Richmond, Va. A thought of mi-- one ihoueht of roe. V hn thi c.-iitb' heart f tuina. K in thau-h Mein.wv picture there 'ra- ' J bv ''' r buuda limn mine Phou-th it.e:. fnrttJ arru. irue. sincere. On brini ilieir speaking eye lo the. I h'Juyii Klaliety eichaui ihuie ear htili keep ..n ibouirl.t. one thought of roe. When bappv in thy enul' delight, An.l beamm joy aiouiM ihee t iy. To gild with atsrai thy quiet night, AnJ line" een through the .lay O would I (hen. in such au hiur Of .wn-l ami fni d (.licit V Sull a-k thv heart iih Fiiei'd-hip'a power chen-h nil one ibiutfht of ii.e. Whilr'.r n.ay be mv lot in lite. ! -"Urn irm or -uii-biue il liny slide, O' !-t 1h vi wiih tiial- ri'e i . i i.,-r 'ie on ilr- fuh ne lid. Y' in tin- xivii i hat rudely ''a h Ar . il. lUreiinni ureill "ft. O r Itiouftlt alu .llH kf me n-lfr V-4 ilr.iu ilioujjht, a thought u: . ari iro'o hf N York ptpers, ii- li I'.iihfH in I loltirook, who : "i t!i "il . in 'he '""y 1,1 ew i at ihe -lie ol ,inti- StUtl.OOO a.rif f f.l e rs. left a" nirth of which he ii.-Jili'sla hl V. Il Hti.i the residue to the iner . an Tr.ai I'lin.e, an 1 other benevo- la .it Societies. till Friday week. Mr. CHiiiund a wild cut on Pliil'iip Kruvh D 'tnpsry iii'iun'.ain. I! ,nr i-iiumy. He sucn1erl in rimtiin" l! down with his doos. when he despatched it with a club. Ii wigheJ forty -three lbs., and is a 8ciesof animal that is netuixfi very s-arce even in the mountainous reoion. The emisjration fmm Germany Is said l .0 ;reat Irimi 'h I'ort ol Biemen. as . soroass sin thing bef.ire known. K r.r . avraje over 6t0 per day. The i,. i... mi-will siKiu overflow the lani at 'hey are now flicking to our 1 ii" Harper's have lately pur-hn-d o - 1 i ems laiioti M.ioaz.ne, and will unite I's )-e anil luteresi, and suli-cripiiou list, with I heir own popular monthly, aief ui.ike one !reat and worihy iieriodicai lor the family circle, and promiscuous read inj. A Ksnwisc Cat. Recenllv a gpnl!e- nian ol Ne Berlfird. brought by s'aoel. from Tivarton, R. I , a fine rat. The in r alumni, not liking hts new luca'i:, f ui,d his way home lit ju t eleven d.iys, ijici.lig a d:-tnuce of sixteen miles li was lately stated that a number of nis lud beeu shipped lron New York In ' aliforuit on speculation. The Cmc-innali N m.Mtei! says !hnt a cil-Z' n of that plare has U't-W sent oft 500 dogs lo the aan.e drat iiii i iu. Tito tury b ix now in use in the cry ol Lynn. Mass.. ha been kept lor Its piesent juriiuse. 130 years ' The one osed in I Forijinouih, X IT. was made in the year f? in .. ..I h l. n m re...:!aruse fur Ti ..' 1 asm a , I A young man at Niagara having been crus.eu Hi love, walked out tu the preci- pice, loo oil hi et. .the, gave one look al .!. a'f t'-riea'h him and then went :ia.c Ills Mi was loutid in bed. Au A or -ncau ci z-u iu Florence sava lhal ;u tt.ii cuv there s not an awt-r, and hat me a-ttiaei.'ieia have uoihiug but a red .: ..t.rr ; , lore holes! Vet in that city ..x tiu-sl 5 -a. .:ure is produced. 'i'o ol tiie liou Woiks which carried :T :tie ri'iiiiuins at she World's Fair, fof on, have ceased operation Messrs. F -isyih fit Son, ol Chanier county, and M mre Si. (liiuvcii, of Norristown. Iu Swedeu, whi-u a man guts drunlt the thud lime, he is deprived of the right to vole. A very good law. If it were in torce in thu Male, what an awful lack of voters there would be ! A oetiiar boy applying to a lady at ; . , last week, fur money to i-astor oil, was called in, an.l the oil I., .i i.muisiered gratis, despite his gri (i.d'es A iieiiiiern in in Hopewell township. . ., utity. Hupped a lew monins gn, a .mi., a; that was petfeetly white, with ic .tl.'rr in irks peculiar to the race. s y 1 Hi" nun that was locked by a saw-;.or-e. a-' h-k, was obliged to submit to on no.: uia iou. II trowsers legs were ukeu i If just above his boots. N. I'. Wiihs challenges John Van lluren to fight a duel, and John show his good sense by declining the "honor' of being allot at by fool. Daniel Tucker, who has been so often warned lo "get out of the way,' is said lo have been run over by a tram of cars in Arkansas. It cost thirty thousand dollars to prove a lady of unsound mind, in an EngUh Court. The trial lasted sixteen days. "Why don't you hit one of your own size V as the tea-penny nail said to tlie sledge hammer. Speech of Bon. John L. Dawson, of Pa. ON TU Bill jraiitiiiif one Quartrr Satim of the J'uilic Loud to Attual Hettltrr. Delivered in the Hou-e of llepreeentaiives, March 3, 1852. The House hating ieo!vcJ itself in Commit ilie ol the Whole on the state of the Union, and taken up lor cousideraiion the bill to encourage 'agriculture, comineue, inatiutaclurcj, and all oibt-r branches of industiy, by granting lo every ' n. an v. ho la ihe bead of a leaiily and a cilllrll ' ol the L'tiiicd Siatcs. a borut-aiead 1 one huu- died and amy ai-re ol land, out of the ouhlic dom:uu. upon cunoutnn ul orcupanry anu cul titaiiou of ibe aauie lot the period Le.'cin tj,eci- lied," Mr. DaW-OJt naiJ Mr (.UAIRM4.N: I am in favor of the principle ol tins bill, and of Us gt-nt-rai provisions. 1 bhill consume but a very Miiali portion ot the litre ol il.e lluuae in usrinuij; the reasons why 1 slmil gite lo i t my support. Tlie proposition to donate the p .blip lands in limited quantities, and with cer 'a n liitntitioni, to actual at.-ltlera, is one ol ttrovkiiij; impurlan;e and ul nicrenainK in lerfal to a iurge portion ol" the American pi-ople. In the icvr remark that 1 shall aubmit in support of the general pro p(i:iiin, I hull avoid and discountenance salty vie that may upproximale, or even j-ve a color to a leveling' or ar. agrarian pint. 1 ahull avoid any sanction, or any .riiHt at u di'inoustralion of the problt hi, . ii. a natural, indefeasible titht Hi' er lit in every citizen to occupy and en jov hurl without price, condition, or pram. The structure of our Out eminent n re publican. mil only in theory, but it is truly so ioal is practical operation.. Tliere ' . . . is no tioveruinent in cxisitnce now, nor in ne known tu history, where the path to honor and distinction is so bioad und au i ticnllv trodden as that whi. h has been ,k in'ed i.ut under the guidance ol our li ih-ral Constitution, nor none where the u wards of lnhor have been more certain ;ur more gciifraily d.lfusrd. I ial treat the question as one not oiny mid pist in itself, but us political in wise its conception and results as being intt- inn !y tnuiiected w.lh and lwrtmng a part of our pol.ticr.l economy, i Ojr own bnel cxpertence as a nation is 1 il'iisTru'ing the historic truth, (hat Govern m nls con.imt egrcgricus errors; that! hey Jrow wild in ihe extravagance of iheirex ,M ndiluresast'.eni I ..nal revenues increase !to an extent evincing not only ureal pros Ipiritv, but gnat national wealin. In the course of my remark. I shall take occa si, mi to draw the attention of the House and of the country to the large increasing receipt into the national treasury under our revenue system, and to the correspond iiio expenditure that is marked ss a conse quence, leaving the inference lo b drawn w he her the administration of the Govern ment would not he mme just, more pure ai.d more economical, without any real or an icipated itveuue from the tales ol the pub'ic Iiinda. In the vast possession of the Govern meiit, known a the public domnin. there is cntn.irisi d an area of lourteen hundred il tiKtia in arn. iifliifiiaiiiiarviiiiiiiiuw , r 1. . I J C.I.. ....... . , . . .... I Dal a mere scanereu iieiiiiiuii; on hkh - i - ; northwestern borders of Ohio, which was j the country. j hot ricenily the Iro the frontier settlemen', flnri i extends tbrough the lerttle vallev ol Ihe ! Missi'siptii to the shores if the Tacific I ocean, und from the lakes on the nnnh to ' ihe Gulf of Mexico and the ol" if.e .Vluiitlr. It en .braces rietv of soil and a vaiit-ly of rlimair, : enriched in mineral we al'h. and fru tful in 1 ngriculu.nil productions There would (.rlll .,, be nothing nntine ta develop its imietiiy resourres, lo elevate il to the Cil- i i a. i!,e? oower. an J d ltnit v of u iiiLhlv mpire. but to encounige lis settlenient. to j ;......... tu. m stiumla'H and I '. .'.i i.. .h. itl tl.i,,r.st I s(rarill!lil. u Ilia" aim nim w ... . . . , I leuitivato the wild prairie, and reclaim ine wet and waste lands. It was said by an eminent author that lie that would make 1 1 wo speura of gras grow where but one jwouldhave grown, deserved the thank f tho coa.munity. This remark was made in the spirit of Irue philosophy, and i practical operation in determining a new policy for the management of the public domain, is deserving the lavorable con- sideration o, m meriv-a . --s I lie title in tne uenerai vjuvcriiinciu i the public domain has been acquired by deeds of cession, and by purchase through treaties with Ihe Indian, as well as with France. Spain, and Mexico. The success of the revoluiion of independence gave the colonies or independent States a claim or title to the country lying or situate between the Canada and Louisiana, which then belonged to France, and from the New lae.land coast to the East bank of the M.asissippi river. To avoid a feud that threatened from an angry conflict growing out uf unsettled State boundaries, Stale equal in overeignly and independence, . . . . . i r I f . ceded or conveveu to ine vicucrai uua.iu . m,,nl ,heir richt to the public domain. II virainia was not the first lo lead the way jjn ihi great sacrifice or contribution to - .... . the common fund, it is nevertheless Irue aud she may refer to it with pride, as forming a bright passage upon the page of her history that after tho gallant part she bore in the cause of the Revolution, from tho adoption of th Declaration of Independence lo the surrender ot ivorn wallis upon her own soil, she conveysd to the General Government her right to the most magnificent region of country upon which the eye of man has ever res ted. It stretches from the Ohio to the Mississippi and to the Lakes, and com prises the States of Ohio, Micbigm, In diana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, and now contains a population of 4,523,139 soula a country possessing great commercial advantages almost unlimited in agricul tural resources penetrated by beautiful LEWISBURG, UNION rivers croasfd by artificial Imea of com- The increase of agricultural producnons municaiion connecling the Ohm and the , consequent upon tiuch attitlement and cul Mississippi with th lakes covered with : liviiion would be almost incalculab'e. The churchf. school houve, cities, towns, and ingle item of wheat, estimating a surplus villages, and exhibiting all the evidences ; over and above the necessary wants of of hiyh and unprecedented prosperity, and; the producer, at thrre bushels per acre. State after State will yet surpass Virgio a j wonld be equal Io4-S0,000.000 of bushels ; herself aaOiiio has already done, and vie! valued at tifiy t ents per bushel, would with her upon rhia floor for numerical preponderance in the councilsof the nation. I By an examination of the books of the Lind Office, I have ascertained that the I nun. bur of acres of public land in each State and Territory unsold and undisposed of on the 30th i f June, 1851, was 1.400,. G22,3()5 4, H n J are distributed as follows: Stattf sad Tc:riloria. Ohio Indiana I hiuois Miasauri Alabama Mit-&iaipi I.ouiriaua Mirhigm AikunMs Florida I.)a VViecon-in Cahfoinia Mnini'snia Tenilory Oregon Territory Ne Mesira Territory Ctah Terriiory .NoilhweM Trniiory Neiiraka Territory Indian Territory Total Acres onJipofwi of. 303,19563 1 .J4a,68l9 1 8.319 :ti.635,589 33 15 4SS 49 33 8.8t165 II 1:1.579.384 47 20011. 14377 25.3(13,740 73 33 8ri3.A18.li6 25.GC I 650 57 4.506.291 t3 130,447.840 00 f.ll.075 3l 95 ;OG.349,333.00 1 37 383.040 l0 113.of.U0 13.(10 3C.010 9G0 CO 7 4 -tJ. null. Oil UU.789,4 10.00 l,4(ifl.33 305 48 ri The a!'ret""e cost of ihe public lands, to the Mu! January. 1850, the thile ol j l,ie e?. was as fo.h ' Cost uf pur.ha.inj 61 : 1 SI 717 rurarvilil! O.dbtl tl.lS follows, viz : 13 auraeviiiE u.doy ei.is u I aallliii; 4 managing 7 .460 331.19 $7 1.957 679 38 'The ngi;regate terripts fium sales o nublic Isi.ils Irom the earliest eriod tu the 1st of J inuary, Ib50, amounted to the sum ol $135 3.W.li!'3 17- No esiiiiiale Ins yet been made for the newly acquired 'Territories, or lor Cali fornia, end can not be made until the hind system has been extended to the Tiic.fic, mid the actual cost ol surveying, Ate n-cerliiined i Utduct, then, the actual or aggregate! cost 'p.ni the ij!reiatn receipts, and n leaves a nei balance a e'ear prohi in lavoroi:heGov. rnmenioU00.381,ai3 7D. In this computation of cost is included 're o ore maue uy congress m .....o,..r ihe fifteen million., paid to France, under ! sections of the public land to ntd in the Ihe treaty i f 1803. lor Louisiami, and the i construction of roads, canals, and rt.ilio.ids, five millions paid to .Spam, under ihe treaty j" the assumed incieiiaed value thatj of lsia, for the Florida. By deducting - would be given to the remaining hections ihis amount (SaO.OOO.tiUO) " t'" eost.1 hj ihe cunstrucMon ol such improvements. I the actual prolit to the Government would' ' "- great argument relied irpon in he $80 381 213 7D- I ninnose lo make this deduction for the; reason that, in the purchase of Louisiana the value of the land wuh n its limits formed i, part ( lU coiisKieration what-, ..... Tl. t.oi.rinnii.i nl ihe Tinted' ' States found it to be their true policy an I ii.disj disable policy toed possession .md Jcorr.mandoflheiiioiithi.ftheMississipp.and ! the Golf of Mexico. policy dictated by ev.rv 'eunsideiarinnofcoiniiicmal interest, a well i. ku evere r. ..KiHera i inn in a n.itiiurv ' - . - . . - j ,i ,.f ..ipw iwrlainitic to ihe defence of ' same pom-y soverr.en in ine pur j riase in tne; r.oiniui. i mi, i is ,uie j most favorable extntut that can bo mane , "i 'he land s) stem, as a source ol protit waters i"d revenue to the Government, in a ! public lands, with a view to revenue, ha . i period of sixty-four yea is. from 17-7 to I for years con'enin'ated a chance a relax- 1 -60. fraction, It PPri that, wirhin ihe one half of the above sum was the rc l,,p '','--,l',s t'f ,r", ' J1'8 " l3-0 HIlU iOJO- III me r.eeijiis .unounted lo ,Il,i87b00 . o, and in 1 "30, to 221,8(7.1 1 3 86. These extraordinary receipts were the rpult of reckless speculation, crea'et and .it.... .U....1 k.; n H.nr..,ali H i,-in stimulated by a depreciated p iper currency, which at that lime was receivable f..r pub lic dues, aud the evil was only arrest-d by the issuing of the ..ccie circulur by Tresi dent .Jackson. To such an ex'end lud the national Treasury become burdened fiom the pro ceeds of the land, that distribution was resorted to, and Congress, by the act of 23,1 ol lune, 1830. concluded to deposit with the several States of the Union ihe sum of 37,40,859 97. of which sum actual depo.it was madeof $27,003 43080 As a mere question, then, of investment in the abstract, the Government might here rest, for it has been more than reimbursed. But in this view of the subject, the question of profit as counected with and forming a part of our political economy, presents it self in another light. Commerce is the lifa and support of every nation. It foundation is to be traced to the cultivation of the soil, and its prosperity reckoned by the extent ol its agricultural productions. In ancient times, ii was commerce thai gave wealth and power and grandeur to Carthage, and Tyre, and Alexandria, and in modem limes, wcaiiii aim empiir io Holland and to Venice. The loss ol their commerce was the decay of their prosperi ty and the loss of empire. Should it not, then, be our policy to extend far and wide the basis of our agricultural inieie.t, and thus lay broad and deep the foundation of our commercial prosperity ? 1 might here inquire to what extent, then, would the passage of this bill induce settlement and increase production. The most liberal estimate uf those who cnuhl avail themselves of the provisions of ihe bill would not exceed million of persons One hundred and sixty millions of acres of wild land, settled, improved, and culti vated, as the result of a policy, shadowed forth and guarantied by the passage of thia bill, would not only extend iar ana wide the basis of our agricultural interests, but il would extend far and wide, and se cure our commercial supremacy. COUNTY, PENN., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 21, 1852. amount lo Si40.0J0.00u. The same rule and estimate will apply fo all the oilier great variety of agricultural productions, the result of sctllen.ent, iinprovement and cultivation of the soil. A million ol freemen, by the liberal ac tion ol their own Government, put in pus scsioii of a limited quantity of wild land a home, would aoon supply their families with the neceaiiaries and comforts of life. The history ol all prosperous communi ties exh.bi s the lact. that we supply our wants and consult our comforts in propor tion to the means with.n our control. Willi increased means cornel an increased demand for all thote supplies, the inter change ot which is the lile of commerce, and constitutes one of the main element of natioiiiil nriwneritv. Much that contnb- ; a.nla anil fnmforla ri ' ... is ine iirotiuct oi loreiou ruinuira. .tuii-, then, that each Undholder created by the! t, .-la m nt rhia hill ta.-rniM in coiisenuence ol the increased production, the result ol i.ij .,un I.p unul.lult til Klimilu 1: 1 til- ss f hi, J family with foreign productions; ' and fuhrks tu ihe value ul but h:tv do,.ars I per annum i. iiH ii woulrl ir.nrease our an- nual imports, $50,000,000 ; i. H,,.nai ' I derivable from whtch, under our present revenue svs'em ('I llurn per cent Haul lJufu yield uuuna'ly to the nutiuiial Treasury j the sum of $15,000,000. The increased impnrlHlion i bus created, would induce a j corresponding export of agricultural pro- j I dure the result ol a w ise, lust, and heuev- : ; o'rnt system ol govcrmt ntal policy, which . had rnused two spears ol grass to grow j win re but one would have grown. j I it is true, as it has been alfeged, that j I il is tfve policy of ihe Government to cling j lo the public domnin as a source of revenue' liind profit, I insist that no grainier scheme j ! of .-i ecu'ation tan he uVvised than the; passage of this very bill. All land sp"cu- lotions in the valley ot' the Missis-ippi have: proved successful just in proportion to the I extent ul the surrounding settlements, no- , ! provement, and cultivation. 1 i.e very : D s upon which the numerous grants ' ""i'l'0'"' the numerous applications ana t lulls tor the partial appropriation oi ine i l'l'': domain lo aid in the construction ol j works and corporate improvements. I. . l.l ". I.. 11 y-'iigres nus recogniseu uiu priocipn nd ackiiow leiied the force ot the argu- i n,"'a u saiiclioiiuig this system of partial , lettislntion, why no! carry out the principle "ndex'.nd the pr.li.-y ? lam opposed lo j !ni!t partial legislation ; and :n the general .scramble that is aU.ui to ensue lor the : public domain, I waul tins bill to aHind - . . hrst and loremo,t upon the statute-booK . . . Mr. Chairman, in the earruatim and oi-cussion oi tins suojeci, u is iuipoii..oi o. innnoi, n.r u t. irne, us exnilnu u uy legislative Insiory, trim ihr policy ol ihe t.overinecnt in ine m-inagemeni oi ine aoon, it policy. uol a total abandonment, of such AsearWas 132, den"ral Jackson, in his annual neasage lo Congress, stated t hat " Ii can not be ilouleed that the fpeedy srttlr- mei.t ul these laud- rooi-lnule the true interest ul Ihe liepublic. The wealth and strength ot couMrf are its population ;cJ the bet pari ol ihe piiyulitiuii ie ihe tutiivators of Ihe soil. Independent farmer are everywhere ihe basis of tortetv, and true Irienils ol lit.erry. it teeine io me to be our true policy that the public lands ahai; ff.i.'f as aoon an r.racttt Jh!e to ta aouice of revenue.'' IiiJlSlO, the aggregate revenues of the Government were $17,660,450 03. The expenditure reached to S.4.13U 920 1 1. In 1851.the revenues reached to $52,3 12, 979 87. The aggregate current expendi lures for the same year wtre 50,952, 9 )2 59. In 1840, the population of the United Slates was 17,009 453 In 1950, it was 23,257.723. Mark the disparity ! Why this extraordinary increase of expenditure? 'The question can be readily answered. The Treasury is too full :ts overflowing stimulates an ardent, impatient, and resist less appetite lor extravagant expenditure In ihe presence of it glittering and mi- nosina influences, all the old lashioned practical notions and sa'e-guaidsol political rt . i economy relax and give way. iy tne last report of the feecreiarv ol the 1 rea- 1 . . . " a. i sury, submitted to congress, iecen.ocr 26th, 1851, il appears. that by including the balance on hand at the close of the preceding fiscal year, it is found that the surplus ia the Treasury on the first July, l8ol,ufier deduction the current expenses, was S10.911.G45 08. It appears further, by the same report, that the estimated receipts for the fiscal year 1852. will be 851,800,000; whilst the expenditures are estimated at $12,892,299 19, being an excess of receipts over the expenditures of 3,907,"00 81. I may inquire, then, under this slate of tacts, in the language of President Jackson, if U is not now "practi cable" that the public lands should "cease to be a source of revenue!" That the period has arrived when they shouldcsase to be a source of revenue is not only indicated by the recent legislaticn of Congress, but that they will not lor years yield revenue ia acknow edged iu the report of tlie Secretary ol the Tieasury , made by Mr. Cor win to Congiess on the ITlhol December, 1850. Ex. L'oc. No. II. page 1-'. In relerring to the soorre-. of revenue, and particularly to that portion heretofore derivable Irom the Sales of the public lands, ihe report sets lorlh, th;it "this source of revenue' "should not hereafter be relied upon with any certainty. or to any considerable amount. in estimating the receipts ot the Treasury." It further uppears by the same report ' that "By the various acts of Conuressj appropriate;; the public lands to objects, which withdraw them from ordinary , revenue ntirnoses.'it is quite certain :lnt for, several years to come ihe Treasury must be mainly il nt entirely dependent for it, receipts upon riuties levied upon foreign merchnndiz' :'' and that "The law recently enacted, giving lands to those who served in the war with Mexico, and at the last session, to such as hud served in lormer wars, in addition to grants to States tor internal improvements, will undoubtedly supply the market with the greater portion of the lanJs that will be required lor occupation for many years to come." 'The quantity ol lands sold and taken from murket by virtue of these warrunts for the years 1847.1843 and 184'J, is 14. - 727,74-i 10 acres ; the warrants yet to be ' . r nre.sented under lhee acts will.ieuuire j 8 DM.513 acres-ini.il 93,050,45 40 I HCrt'S , 8nd M Ihe most liberal average 'over sixteen years will be required to absoih and Maitisfiv the warrants et to be 'ssued us estimated, under the several Dounlv l.uifl acts now in lorce. tins force" This .... . ..... .r .1 : i a . " I ! 'I toe luuesi cousiuerui ion oi v.un?.-, a speed v and radical change in tne poncy and .an..Sement of our Und system What better t.lan. then, can be u2oeate,i il.i.n tl,..l nr.. , 1 t.xr tl,a : I IWHV unfll'f . und ' ' Wkiat ...a,.. nist ,n conception more beuevo'.ent in Us object more conducive lo a rigid political economy, or more certain in its practical ! results.' to swell ihe a-'ttreoate of the national wealth, arid advance the irreat iif,.iitrMii I inia.io.lrf ot tha r-outitrv 1 i Tl.a lioaiir .if f,i,lrKu oliair the Hill. I.f . ,1, : ... i ,. .,,,,:,,,4 r. ; union can not he contained in ihe Constitution, and is ol theP""7- c Have quaimea tne ngni ot lirriHtipa.1 L-intl Th thir.i w.i'tu.n Ol tlie r . lourlli arttcle is in these words : The Congreas .hali hive power la dispose of i ... a i ' ' ,he l nil,.d m,,,,. ,.! nothing in this t.onsti- 0jn ,h.ll be to constiued ss to .rejnuice any rlBims u the failed Suu. oi of any ..articular Smie." The power of Congress over the public domain tu make donations and grants, is not only given by the Constitution, but n has been freely und liberally exercised irom the biundaiion ol tne ouvernnii iu up to tne present nine ; at an i vi-ms, uuui 3 1 March, 103. to tlie "Otti c-p'emier, 1850. the date of ti e net training about 3 Oi-'i.D'iO icres to the Slate of Alabama. Mississippi and Illinois, to aid in the oon- struciou of the Chicugo and Mobile nil iod. For the purpn-e of showing th it the nnwer has been exercis'd. and the extent . to which it has been exercised, I reli;r lo ihe exhibit of "donations" and grants to ! ihe different Slates lor the various purposes mentioned : S'.iilcmcnt i.f Donation and Grants i f Vuhlie J.rrndn t.i Stulcs uuj IcrrHunca tu the 3t th I Jmr lfi.ll. Ohio li.duna M'li.iia Misouri A!ti mi Mis.-i.sippi I.o.isiana Mu-hii;an ALan-i5 Florida I2.CC4 S."3.97 4 1 69 :0J.Cfi 1 1.I36.SU2 SS 4 701 678.20 SSe:j"14 99 4 23!.57t5G I0 573.lt ) 56 6 4:0 742 97 7 .34 561 99 2.127 57 97 4 073 457 II 4.S4J 920 99 5(10.000 00 31139.031.110 13.186 9s7 DO 7 493,130 CO C,Ct.707 00 low ) Wisconsin California J Mimu-foia Tenitory ; Oregon Territ.ny i New Mexico Territory luu i tiiuoij 1(14 1 412 oS To come, however, more directly to a full illustration of the constitutionality. not ouly of the principle of this bill, but of its practir.il recognition hy Congress, 1 need but refer to the act of the -7th i f September, ltfoO, making donations of public lands in tbe Territory of Oregou to actual settlers. Uy the provisions of that bill, th actual settler is entitled to receive from one hundred and sixty to six hundred and forty aeres, depending upon the time of his settlement and his condition, whether married or not. No doubt can exist, then, as to tbe constitution d right of Congress to legislate in tho piemiscs. The exercise of the right in making a disposition of this kind of public property, depends upon the views of Congress under the circumstances before them. The proposition, benevolent and patri otic in its conception, so far has neither boen strengthened by the power, uor incumbered by the prejudice of party, but by the force of merit is attracting public consideration, and gaining strength ami power tbrough the force of public senti incut. It lias received the sanction of iw the Secretary of State, Mr. Webster, now Whilst a member of the Senate of tL United States, he introduced on the llud day of January, 160, the following resolu tion : a. Rcsolcrd. That provision ought to be mnde by law that every male eilixen of the I nitial biate, and every male perron who haa deciaied hia intention ol becoming cilizeu according to the provisions ol law, of twenty-one years ,il age or up.a.d., shall be entitle,! to .ular upon aud. uke any one-quarter aedion of the public lauds which may be open to entry at pirvat. sale, for the purposes of residence and cultimlion ; and that when auch citizen .ball have reaided ou ibe fame land for thr.. year, and cultivated the same, or if ivin in lb. meantime, the rawideiue aud cuitivaiio'o, tit ail be UM and cauied on by hi. widow o, hia be,ra. o. bi. device, for the spate ot full ihrea ye ara from and alter inekina entry of aoch land, such residence and cultivation for the aaid lliree year to be completed within four year front the time of such euuy. theo a patent to i..ue for th. ro to lb. peru making entry, if hv ng, or olbervtiae tohi heiror drvi- ' .. ' . i nr. thrift, that auch person so entering and taking the quarter section aa aforeaaid ahall uol have, nor shall hia devinee or he.ira have, any power t alienate auch la.,d nor create any title thereto in law or rquitv. by !e.d. Iranafer, leaae, or any . , . , l. mi olher conveyance eicepl by deriare by will- , , .. . , ,. Tr tl.o lK.,ii.mr, i.f h resolution (ID the UOth of the same month, the principle r ; received the wnrtion of Ucn. tasa m tne following words : I drsue to say but a word on this aubject. I am gla i to valines luese preuaraauiy ui-- ..,.,. The, bung up a great principle-. pn - cipk-to which l..iihn,hly fnvorable." ' 1 believe it would be belter for tbe country that thorf who cultivate the lands ahuuld lm those who hold them. I believe that the tiiite baa enrne, and that thin country ia no in a aiiaaUeu : surii ii is nest ao ujiu uu aui. m rNliau ol nia hie, I tliil uoiuieam tuai mia age oi ; proyresa would come ; but I hope it baa come i now ; I hope the tune baa arrived in which the '. .-uUic doi.i.i.. wiil he held fo, thel-uclu of whu will bectimv actual eulei ! Mr. Chairman, the unexampled growth - . ...i.,,. .fni-ntaiairanaalil. in a great measure, not only to our vast agricultural Moaiuctious, but to the fact j .'at uie ee wnite population ui me i . .1 i . ..? .1... t-ulR'U states is an apjiroxiiuaitou u a community ot lauaholucrs. Ihe Uovcrn- ment of (Jieat JJri.uin. of which, nrior to , '. , . - 1 . .1. arp aar..ro ilrx:.iiiI.Tit rnlolila-s. tmaes ;- .i, ! aS power to a mighty landed aristocracy, i rcpieseuitug one o. tue ieg.aiai.vc uev ments of the Government a power far C I above that of the Army aud Navy, if not aud control, tbj legislative action of ' Tarlian.eut. There the rights of primo- c . . . . i geniture are a,Ihpre.l to with stub norn It seems to be the uolicv of the i tna,'1,J Crown to build up immense landed estates, in me cuiieu oiaies, we nave ! practiced upon tne reverse oi auca a ... . . . . . " - i 1 a a . ...1 ,.l. ...nll wa .. T1 I .i,,,f;u1 It... iliTI I1A 'Ul'.il'illll j.lll ,ailluiM.i.u u uvsit. .a... , uf cntailmeiit. The fruits of our wisdom - ire I'liaililia in tirnrv Vt;ittt sriil in oi'iirT Vt..lA .r,.l in aura - , . . . ..f i"i i i M 1 1 1 1 ' i w in i r t lyniutn inn i aiiw. rju iv,r t,,,,.,,.,;,,, ,,,,, ,na power of tbe Armv, the Xavy, aud the llousi1 of Lords, rcpieienting the landed in ti r stof thekiugdom. Inthe UuitedSutes, wu rely for our success aud preservation upi n the virtue, intelligence, und pairio-tii-m of the people. In Great Britain, the population iu H ol, including Irtluud and tbe islands in the lirirish seas, was ST.Gl'JjSet). Tbe number of landholders only about l!0,0tl0. Iu the United States and Territories tbe free white population, by the last ceusus, was 19.li30,7w3. The number of land holders the owuers of farms was 1, 41s, ISO; add to thia the number of freeholders as contradistinguished from farm owners, being 9o0,0y7; and it would increase the numbers to ,u?.f,4s3, distributed as follows : 7lifVr th'-)cing J'uiuation and nundier of L.inJ!tnllrr in lite United States and 7 1 rriioi its. States ana Territorie. Maine ?ve Hampuhire Vermont Ma.-sachusetta Kbode UlanJ dinoerticul New York New Jersey !Vimay!v.nii Ooio li,l ana ; Illinois Michigan V'i .i'..iii,iti Io . t a;iloriia L laware M..rv laud ; Yoproa , North Caiolil.a ; .-ouih Ctru.iua lien-pis i Alabama Mi..i..si).pi ! Louisiana T uueae. Fre white pn('ulau..ii 58 1.86.1 317 4S 3 1 :t 4 1 1 885.704 141.000 363.305 3,049.457 466 240 8.358.46-4 1,936. 10 77.628 816 104 395 097 3i4,5)5 19. e79 163.20V 71,289 418.500 695 3U4 653.295 374.623 621.438 42B.507 295.758 255.416 756 893 761,684 592.077 162,068 47 167 154 100 38.027 6.038 61,530 13.087 II 330 Nuatber of laiaai oi.tiTs. 46 760 X 229 .9.7 eo 31.235 6 8S5 32.445 170.621 12i oi7 113 887 93.896 76.208 31.089 20 177 14.805 1 108 i 6.0H3 31.860 77.013 I Keniucky Missouri Arksiiaa rion.ia Tama District of ' olumbia Territory of Minriesmta Territory of New Mexico Territoiy of O.egoo Territory ol f tab 3.750 1 i r.i one. i.v Totals 19.6:10.738 1.448.46 Let us, then, 3Ir. Chairman, pass this bill, which will necessarily increase the uuuibtr, and at the same time strengthen the arm of the Government. Love of country and love of land is a natural association. It existed in a primitive conditiou of society. I'mkr the organization of government aud the forms of socitty, the dcire for acquisition is still greater; and when attained, it enables it i possessor to discharge more t.illv the duties of life to contribute Lis .(rl f(lP tue BUpport of bis country in j tlf ,,cace nhil-t it nerves hi aim iu tlie hour of battle. 1 atnek lleury,wnoe patriotism and matchless eloquence put in motion the ball of tbe Kevolution, was urdeut in the acquisition of laud, and at oue time, even conteniplatd a location of the short s of the Chesapeake. Washing ton, the Fattier of Lis Country, who led . i. .1 .l.".t,- our arnilCS lu inuiuca inrougu iu uituca of the Revolution, was equally ardent in the acquisition of laud. . Even before the Kevolution, he found r.i barrier in the Alle cheuies to Lis cutt-rpriaiug spirit, and at That early day, ia the district which I have tho honor to represent, he made a location and aa improTCjnent, which, is and that is what I call the -age of prog ess.' in prosca ol in me lerrilOTirB 13 j,-vm,..i.-reply to the honorable Senator from Kentucky, i bin r?5 acres, sufficient in extent to BSaEa V. hen I saw him come here in 1806, lit Ihe me- fi,rty-trn States of the size of PeDBsy !va- Wholi Kcnn, 419. now oricO relerrea lo who .u.ere.i, when the dark forest marked It a tt.d w;,l butitiug ground of the lu.liao, it had recejfel (he iliipresa of tbts Father of Li ii untr J- f fc , ,; dunuin ;nilellll " . . . . I of hav nir diminished in proportion to xt- .lenient, the, increase Ol population, ana ol emigration, has increased almost without ; li,uit purthajje and J Conqueat ' W LaTe'an immeuM cxteut OUSettled ai ( , , , , J;BJ- uncultivated : and under the rest legisla- I u"""" e : tton we can aitopt, a trrcat d' al of it tuuat v . . . retuaiu unsettled and unvuluvted for sg-.a : i . r... j . mhtr of of pul)lio bni I unsold and midisrosed of in tha twelve 'c. f 0hio TiMichimn, Illinois,. ... - , ' M isconsm, Iowa, Miauri, Arkauaaa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and ' Florida, is 200,000,010 iiul in area tut tug 0j,j tBirttell State that carried U ahroHLrh the Kevolution. 1 he area of the lauds rciuainin; undis- i ... a .ai.t i.vat ; ajf t013 mji is pusseasea l,y tno jnjjaDl! aj w;u I ' f. , "f j'njenj vi in be for many years to of it eventually will beeotua the L ulled States, from .... . . ' the certain operation 4 tba, aa caua.-a ; w bich seam to iioonj tne jmiiaB rate ultimate etiuctiun a result to be de plored, but which svewe to be inevitable. They hava already so far disappeared before the advance, of civilization, uutit their buuies are now far beyond tlw angry waters of tbe Mississippi ; and m tiiey travel towards the setting sun, tbe council fire will gradually disappear in the gorjjea of the mouutaiu, and tlie war whK f 11 1 , - " na'7 lu" m the uiaruiurs uf the iea 1'acitic ocean. In this vast region tiers are certainly W &ts th.al --. WQ,ca are unnt ,Ior "uprowweiii, ati at , a, 1 ; .1 . ... .... ,.F n.wa . Kn aft.. am or toiucuw v. ui.u , u-., king a11 . neceaaary dedweUoi S on thlt account, there will yet rimna laimense district which will support a dense popu lation.and sooner or later will be converted . ., . r -i- .- . 1 vtrmluetiAVV What ia to lie- ftiaiuat Willi K..f"'- ... . , . v., ai.A m.r ainmi... nr iiai ainii.n ,1, ii 11118 v" regI0 " "" - irOIU III UUCIUUiaKTl WUWlilltt taa t ' W natural tinmowa. ajitl auiadw tt briuL' furlla sr sr r - - ry its traits abunaant.y rass mia Mil encourage and 8cure lU settlement, This Government was founded by the people for the good of the pawple. Its great boais va popular attectioi . It possesses an immense property which i. can not sell, but by a process capital in time tu a period of centuries. Com- V the number ot acre sold up to this date aud the length of time (sixty- four years) that kos been consumed iu making the sales, with the number of acres now umlisrxiscd uf, and it will be sctu that it will require, at tbe same pace, nine huudred year to dispose of thai same. 1 he progressive spirit uf the age is iiiipatieut, of delay, and demands s quickened atep. Vast forests aud prairies kep'trutt: our Atlantic aud J'aeific regions, w hicii every consideration uf security anJ of iutcrcouise require aliould be eettk-.l. Its settlement would place upon a di.t.int frontier a force able aud willing to defeud us ucaitisi hostile savages, and thus spare us much of the expense we are now required to defray It Would be juslic.tu the new States iu which poriiou. of tbe public lauds are situated, by coiiveilin them iuto private property subjet-tin them to taxatiou ami thus lemiiriinr ; them to bear their legitimate proportion of the burden of State roveniluebt. i , ,. . c I " a" u our unexampled prosperity, j Mr. Chairman, iu the arts and seieuces, iu ! the progress of improvement, iu the extent . 0f ,,ur commerce, iu tbe im.wth and sue. e. ss of our manufactures, iu wealth and in power,. it is nevertheless true that there is great inequality iu tl condition of life , aud that uiu. h van be done to ameliorate that condition without doing injustice of 66 916 j violence to the rights of any. Tbre is no. 5159 jsJovernsuent that has so uiu-h to spare as) 4l'yai4 jours, aud Bone where the gift would be 33 960 , productive alike of mutual benefit. It 13.424 'would le the tshilitiou of a nniou'uf phil 72.710 I : d l.ropy aud uatioLal interest, cou.-UBiUk' ' 7i7 'tiug a measure by which worthy citizens 17 758 i w,,u'1- 011 comfortable, no by wasting 4 304 i ,ne property of the State, not by exaction 12,193 , fioui the property of others, but by modes. 64 i rate grants of wild laud, the cultivation of . 9' which would swell tbe productive property ot tne cuuutry, auu tuna contnbute it proportion to the common necessities, in - - , - I peace anu in war. No lueonsitierable portion of our popff latiou is ul able, fur the waut of UK-n- to push forward to the frontier, and there fovin scttkuients lX-sirous of doing sr it rcuuires an expenditure they can not meet All that many ot them can do, i to reach th country and provide for their support, until tbe Und, improved by laeir j labor, beeoaes productive. To require t j them to pay bey und that fur the land, . 'amounts to prohibition against their goiug, 'there. The pre-eniptiou system. sHaUUlaled eniigratiou aud at ttlemeut : but cxperien ja' has showu, that inability to pay tha iieiv erumeut for the title after a w-rioti'of se vere trial incident to such new settlement, . gave the laud, in many MwtaiRcesy into, ike clutch of the speculator, and drove the , hardy pioacer again to th forest. Certainty aud rtliubility are words full": of import and value in tha American lan guage. I ne certainty of being secure ink. ja swall possession t.. ....a;... - a itextr efta on tne of civilization, woe hi. , exueuie cvuuuvj nerve the heart of many sa honest nan uf limited means t: in .ke tha effort to secuie it. 1'a.e- thi bill, and it wilf pro vitie Lomes, nd harpy ones, fur a v number of meritorious person, and teatib them the value of a Govern-., whicaw deques to fulliU tha iat iti ita Utiea
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