.1.111
&a
Tern 15..
. , » ‘——- e_'
The Cairn.“ is ppblished every Monday
monfing. h‘y {lvan J. Sunny“ 82 00 per
nnnnm if paid Ibrictly'xx annual—s 2 50
per annum if anaid in advance. No
subscription dilcbhtinued, unless.“ in
option of the publisher, until all mange:
nre psid. '
'Aoumnxlfls inserted at the usual rates.
Jon Purim: done with neatncss and
dispatch. ‘ ~ .
Omc: in South Baltimore street, fiedfly
opposite Wampldrs’ Tinning Estabiiahment
—“Coxnm.zx menxo Orrin” on the sign.
PROR33I®NRL 631313133.
P. McConaughy,
- TTORNEY AT LAW, (office one door west
of Buehlcn’s drug and beck store,Cl-um-
Prsburg slrecl,) A‘r'romun Ax» Soucxrok ron
Pun-rs up PINMONS. Bounty Land War
rants, Buck-ply suspended Claims, and all
other claims against the GoyernmehtaLWuh‘,
lng'onJ). C.; alsoArnerlcunClnima in England.
Land Win-rams located and sold,orbought,nnd
highest prices given. “Agents engaged in lo
cating warrants in ldwa, lllln'ois and 02hr:
we-ltern Staten [B’3pfly to him personally
or by letter. . _ - -
Gettysburg, Nov. 21, '53.
Law Partnership. 5
A. DUNCAN & J. H. WHITE,
‘. ATTORNEYS AT HAW,
Will promptly nttend‘lo I" legnl busineas
entrusted to them, including» the procuring of_
Pensions, Bounty, Rick Pay, and 31! other
vlnims agtiinst..the United State! and State
Governments.
(mice in North West Come: of Diamond,
(ieltnburg, Penn's.
April 3. 1865. ll
x ’ A. J. Cover, .
TTORXEY AT LAW,wnll promptly attend
A to Collection“; and. all other business en
trmwd to him. Ufllca between Fahnestocka'
and Dunner k Ziegler's Stores, Bnlumore street
Geltyihurg,,Pu. [Septxfh 1859.
Edward B. Buehler,
T'l‘thEY .\'l‘ 1..\ \V, will'fslithlully and
A promptly attend to all business entrusted
In lulu. He rpmks the German language:-
(‘nfim M the same place. in South Baltimore
strum nmr Forncy’s drug sroro, and nearly
Opposilr Dunner k Zicgk-r's store. .
Gettysburg, Man-b ‘2O. , ,
J. C. Neely.
TTORN’IIY .\'l‘ LAW. vl’nrlirnhr ntmn-
A tinll [NH to coHt'u'fon of I'cn-liOnH,
Bvu'l'tv, nn‘l ”Mk-Im}. Ulfire iu the S. E.
tmu -r 0f llll‘ Di mum-I. ‘
(i. 'lthurg. .\pnl u", Innis 1f
J. Lawrence Hill. M. D. '
\S his (Mice one _ ‘_u\\ - Q;-
11 flour \\ Es! Oftlle‘: a m?!§‘7_€€s(
Lullu’nlu clzunh in ""
nhxmhrrsl urg‘slh'el. :Ind upFOHlb I’ukn.g'9
£l. w, M: w» lhosu wi-lnng Lu 1..n(~ .I.);. “win!
n we: vim: pw'mnued arc-rwphnliuy invhmhc
L m li:.ymu.\(‘r:~‘. Drs. Harm-2‘. lh-v. U. l‘.
ifr In a. h. l) , ler. H. h. lhlmlxrr, I). D., Rev.
rut“. .V J wuhi. .‘rof. M. L. Sinner. #
(n-1,1g.‘-hur,:, .\ln‘xl [1,711. r; ‘ ’
Dr. D. S. Pe cx‘, ‘
“HUYYSYO‘A X,.\li\'u4uvul‘l\"\'. (‘mxtinlwi
A tho I; :u'licL‘u. lu~ punk-«pun in ull 115
in ”Phi-i. :m-l “null H':|ll'l:H'|l‘“‘\' imitv All
,; nun} AIHJ‘KWI “will an; (vi-I::vlanulingr dis
gmu lh mll .qul \‘lDll.:u:[ lmu
(L L. i}. m“. u‘
I ' r ‘ ’ _"-" 1' _“”' ' ' " '
i Moro Philhps’
# " ‘WJIXFIXE HIPIHH‘ED SUPER
' _ (] lIIIOSI'IIJTI'.’ 01 1.1.1113,
«‘l‘U‘ BHL 3 run SALE AT ,
.I‘Pa'l) hymn ' . ‘}I.\.\'UF.\(JTURHR'S DEPOTS,
.\'u. ‘27 .\'. Front. Street. Philadelphij, mu] .\'o.
‘ . i - ‘ U Bowlp’s Wharf, '
i BALTIMORE.
Removals- . .' i l The unlmcrihur begs leave to inform Dealers
I WHEmniw'i:mu!.l,,.-,=.;;;(lzmmrhorin-dpoi-son nud-(‘undnnifi's [hut he is nnw prt-pnrul to
l “ m HIJ'AI' imam?» tum iimr (in-em ('l-ni‘“ furnish .\iURU PHILLIPS’ Gli.\l}l\l'2 l.\l
- r. [HIPOSI’In‘ «when: cunlL-MIMJh-uw rtvmuwl I'L'UYED MIPS]: I'HUSI'HATE.UF LIVE, in
In .tu- rpmmn: ui‘ den-moi “Jain“; or ffmnfl.‘ any qummlics. ,' ‘ .
mil .n‘lil tlu-msvircsontis swung 0:15.; yuria ‘ The uni‘i'cmi! satisfaction this article has
p.lu-il-lunv. 111.553.“. :umh- duh pumpkin-ii; gizcn during the [ram four yewslhns so in
-3-10: In; 1,)“ , 111.1 uu uflmt spared to pic-use. creased .Lhcdcumnrl 11ml lmu- bten cornpcllid
l’i-ll'fll: THUR)“, l m gczuliy uqlafige my capacity for its maim
\[u:\;th2. 'fifl. Karma shim Cew‘mrs’. :f'wrurc, um! h:u,'¢_e'hevn induced to esinhlish a
‘ o - ~ ' , ' ‘hrzuich huu~e ix; the city of Baltimore. i trust
The Great-i; Discovery - Imm : “inbwbie in mi gunman during me
if Tin: .\Hl:.——iun.mnu.unry and (‘hronic mI-‘un- Vet my mixisfi'mcémrflratmral.
‘) IQ.6|A),‘JHI‘H] mun he rurwl by n—l'u;_r 11 L. i “iii-93"” W “0‘1"5- _‘
mmzu's marzamnyrgz» iséxguirirur MIX- ltgr‘f’rot’S-"e,";' “'2,“- 13'1“?“ a; 09-. and
'j‘l'lili. “'41,; wwwwnpcivums at 66-, 4nd “KL Mil)! k (hum, (whyshuxz. -, .
133 p .nfiniuiug mumiuz, [me unified lo itsl _ _ MOllO PHIL”) 3,
great utility.‘ IN sum-ca in Khuumnlic am-u: ’ “ Sukiyrognrturuud Al:luhincturcr.
Linus. [ms U 00“ hitherto unpxn'ulhlud by :gny : _MHF. .0, 150-). (”gr ‘
' l'LifiC .inlrmimed to the public. Pure 50‘ ’ -. . r ' '
:Znh pry-r haul}: I’ll-F E'Lk- hy all dragging mu}; HQIIPSt’s Lme Stm Running
nun-keepers. I‘m-[Mimi (mi) i-g‘ H. L. Mlll4l.l]*'.[’-, ' -‘ ‘ a 1 ‘ '
\\'holc<.ilc nn-l lisLuil Dru-ggim [inst ier in, 5 . .. _ , .
Admin county, I‘m, dealt-rim Drugs, Chrmicnls, ' 25%;; ‘ ( fififigfi'firfitlrg‘w
(ma, Vyiruish, Spirits, Paints, life-Mué's, huc- L 543»? JA" "Bar-hw-Ou—uu
8&1 Wt .“WWS ““1 “WWW “2‘1”“? lIANGE OF DEl‘O'lfl—T‘he undersigned
(:lujs, l'urmiufry, pallqnt llzulifimcs..lsa::z.c.l _,| C would infurm lhe4mblic that be is 5“"
W‘\‘ l)‘ "Mk!" 33 ‘3‘" Agent. I,“ Ge“! §‘ 1 ruunjrig fl. line of FREIGHT CARS from Get
h‘."‘ "”1"” I“ “m" s ("“4”“le l‘lie'ummfl“, l;;~burg to Baltimore ewu' week. He is pro
“ Hill“- ' ~ [June 3: 13142 n i pared to’convey Freight either way, in any
‘ " 1‘ H " ' ~ -‘ ‘ J lqunuiim He will attend -if desired, lo the
Hudwafre and GTOCGI'IGS. 5 niuking of purrhases in t 1); city. and deliver-
HE suhsprllwrg have {“5" reuirncd from ‘iug :3»? Mods promptly 8.! Gettysburg. His
“10 ("W's W“)! {‘_'} I}'l“"~'“§‘_‘- _S‘IPI'QE 0‘ aqua now run to the Warehouse of STEVEN
}'._....i..... ~ ... “e; 7 MM , H, A ~ 7 ,
Dr. J. W. C. O’Neal’s
FF, “l 5 :lIIi “Tonia-,2 .\'. H. ‘(Ullu‘l‘u‘ lel.
I! we .uul High «rm-1;, mar I'real.) LI lmn
('h-‘H‘h (ivtqu'H-J. l’.|.
.\'m‘ 'm, ma"), If
iIKRUfl'AflE I; mmvrgnma, “hiL‘h M 37 are
ufleriug :It Lhelr old slum) in Baltimore sln et,
,st prices to suit the tunes. Uur stock con=isls
in Inn”. of , ‘
BI‘ILDjNG M4TER€ALS ' ,
CABREXTMFS TOOLS ?
‘ BLACKSMITH’S TOOLS,
COACH "FINDtNG-S!
SHOE‘~FIXDIXGS. ‘
CABINET MAKER'S TOOLS,
g, ‘ uqusrcm-Jl-mewsl-‘rxrUßEs,
’ ALL KIXDS OF IRON, &c.
flROCERIES OF ALL KIXDS,
OILS, PAINTS, km, kc. Then: is no'uuicle
anluded in the several depaflments mpmiuned
above but what can be had at this Store.—
Every class of Mechanics can be accommodated
here willuools and fiudingp,ucd llmu-pkeepers
nu; find arm-y article in lbei! Kins, Give u: a
pill. as we Ire prepared to Eell as In; for cash
as any house pm, of thy city. '
‘ JOEL B. DANEER,
DAVID ZIEGL R. ,
getlyabxzrg, Kay 16. 156%.
drain and ‘Prgduce.
< AYING taken tho large and commodious
« “‘uuhnuse rccpnlly occupied by Frank
erih,Esq., , '
IN-NEW OXFORD, _ .
we are Qrelmred to pay the highest price; for
{.ll kmdigi ofPRODUQE. Also, 82“ at the low
pu prices, LUMBER, COAL and GROCERIES,
9:“ every description. -
A. P. )ngms 3; WIERMAN.
New Oxford, Aug. [0,1130% Lf .
Young Nen
ND OLD MEN, do 116‘ ailow your mothers
and yom‘ wives to mm:- out their regions
hvei our than!!! Wash-tub longer, at like
true men an’d benefactors, present them with
en EXCELSIOR WASH ER, and xnstead of
frowns and cross w’ords on wash dayl, depend
upon it, cheerful faces win greet you.
31730}! BROTHERS, Gettysburg, PB. ‘
pm. 14, 1863.
Battle-field Views.
PULL net of on: Phgpographic View: of
A the: mule-Held of Gettysburg, form a.
upload“ {infer the Bolidaya. The «figou in
published can begun “the Excelsior Gallery.
m-TYSON BRQTHERS, Gettysbgrg.
CA” D psoroenuwgs
(31’ diitinguisbéd individnnis, including a num—
fier of 9|" premium". Generals, glad the old?
heroEJohn L. Bum, {01,1116 a. £ll6 counzer at
the “claim Galktffleflqahnrg.
,4 -_. éwsox 3991
“Water-n was.
H film! ‘ limits some”nxub-1’ ES}
I SWDSJM: it? will hafio’tone
‘ vmfl'fimih tlm' ’_‘cou’qty. 1119,1de
are i ‘WN-Y‘tfl , Imm («Hagg
iug. W j .pgfiiguipugtgi ..‘. ~ < 31:; ‘1:
, A JACO INKRRHQH’FL
Gennbnrg‘, April 3,1365. y ’ , a
ISI
By {1.3. STAHLE
47th Year-
mesh onfectionery
A 1“ 162 CREAM SALOON. '
'l‘ 1e subscriber respectfully informs the citi
zens of Gettysburg and vicinity that he has n
Confectionery Establishment, one door cast of
the Eagle Hotel. 0:: Chnmbersburg street, to_
which he would invite their attention. ‘
Cakes,‘ Candies. and every' description of
Confections, together with Nuts. Oranges, and
all kinds of fruits, nlwnys‘nn hand.
I’nrtien, public ind private, in well as fami
lies, will be furnished with all kinds of Cakes,
Ica Cream, (in pyramidal tom or otherwise.)
and other refreshments at their houses, upon
short Motive. . ‘
[Living Spent a life-time at the business, he
flatterylm’nlcll that he understands it and that
In: is Milli! to render entire satisfaction.
C'ull find are his Confectionery. ‘
April 11, 1865. tf JOHN GRCEL‘
I. K. Staufi'er,
,ATCHMAKER b JBWELER, No. 148
’Noth SI-quxn Street, ' ~
corner‘ot QuarrymuLA DEL.&
PIHA.‘ AAn Assortment 01 -< ~
WATCHES, JPHYPILRYIFSILVER S: PLATED
“’A’RE, constantly on hand,
SUITABLE r 01? HOLIDAY PRESENTS!
nah-pairing of Watches and Jewelry
prompilv :{tlondecli to. ‘ ,
. Dun”, 1:564. 15' ‘
‘ Cannbn’s
“lARBLE w.OIrKS,
Saudi-9:141 Comet? of tho Diamond and Bulli
mme Stu-m, [manly opposi'e the Smrmlzue,
. ..hETTYb‘BIIII(i,I’A.
EVcry description of work executed in the
Lug-st style of the an.
April {‘l7, 286:}. If . ‘
Piano Fortos.
HARLES .\l. STIEFI’, .
A 7 NANL‘FM‘TI‘HHn 0P
GRAND AF,” SQUARELNAXU FORTES,
.\luunlm-lory 101:, m; a in Franklin sheet,
“hm-room, .\'o. 7 North Liberty HYN‘L
- (‘unsmntly a large number of HANDS of
Tmy oun Muuufunurc on hand, with the Full
Iron Frame and (her-strung. Phery Ingm
”'ment warranted for five years, wilh‘the prhi
‘lcge 31' on-huuge’nubiu niche mouths if not
rmirely sitis‘fiwtmy. ' . ‘
' guy-Srt-onnmmud Pianos always on hang] at
[gin-x Xrum $.30 to $3OO. 1‘ '
1 Baltimore, Sept. 5, 186:}. I: 3111*
50X & SIDES, 165 North szrnrd street, (near
l-‘mnklln,) Baltimore, where freight will be
received m. any time. Ueinvites lhenttenlion
of the public to his line, assuring thrm that
he ‘wjll spare no HTML to aqcmmodale all
who may pact-unite hlm.
Having purchased the building and lot on
the Northeast corner of Railroad and North
\Vaphington streets, Gmt’vgburg. he has estab
lished his place of {ualnasn there, where he
asks those having nuy|hlng to ‘do in his line
to cull. ‘ r
1145‘ purchased as heretofore. ‘
SAMUEL HERBST.
Aprilg4,lB6s. 53*
Notice to Tax-payers.
“”7 County Uommis‘sioners take thispnethoa
‘of infolmiug gbe Tax-payers of Adams
county that the Slate Authorxtiea no longer
allow tbmtement for any payment: of State
TuxcsL-bu: ad} fivs: per cent. to Lhc‘ (mom ut'
each county that I.9er not. pay by tho‘ )5! of
August. -The Commissioners theru'ure give
notice that. in order to mes; this Jemand,
Tux-payers throughout this county’will be ex
pected to pay on or before the 15TH DAY OF
JULY NEXT—otherwise five her-cent. must
be added by the Colluctors in all cases...
‘* By order of Cdmmiisioners, ‘ A
‘- - ‘ JIJM. WALTER, Clerk.
Apru 24, 1865. .m i ,
R. P. Bayléy 8t Cow
EALERS IN
. CHINA, GLASS & QUEENSWARE,
PLATED WARE, FINE CUTLBKY,
‘~ GASTORS, ML,
Np. 6 81210113 Snug, NEAR Eamon 81.,
. BALTIMORE, MD.
GLASSWABE :—Tumblérs, Goblets, Wines,
Lagera, Flasks, Blk. Bombs, Candy Jars, De
pnnurs, Prgs. Dishes, Fruit. Bowls, Salts, Cas
ters, Castor Bottles, Ker. Lamp, Ker. Chim
neys, Lanterns, &c. .. \
QUESKSWARE :=Plates, Fink Dishes, Deep
(10., Covered (10., qupped Butters, Tea Pots,
Sug’n,Creamf;‘Bowls, Pitchers, hamburg,
Basins an‘d Pitcbus, Mugs, Spill!) m, Tea
Sets, Toilet Sets, Bc. ‘
COM. STONE WARE :dugt, Jars, Pit hers,
Milk Pans, kc. i [May l, 1865. l t
1 “meme ATTEN'I'ION.-—Theauper“-
A Picnires taken an. nunrws sxk-
IGHT GALLERY. on West. Middle EL, m
pursuing universal nttenfion. Good judges
pronounce them superior “3,pr ever when in
this place. Calhnd examine fot yourselves.
‘ an. 16 ”65.3 .
Fifi—3‘3l“ munspr You will find
‘ halftl‘xe labo‘r done ifyoubuy due of those
per 301' Razors for sale by 50W § WOODS.
HE
‘VE have just'recoiwd & qu nssoi'tmen -
5 , ”of Queenunn, to which we iqrite mi)
*pe-uon of bayou. A.'BCUTfl‘ & SON. , ~
Epmqqgcwmma 141 m, of new,
g gooda"JM"upened. Aim Boots, Shqes
”:13, «kc. {(2, all anp A! BRINKEgiHOI-‘F’S
A ©EM©©RATU© AND FAMULV J©URNALD
011' any can you no ”fire dn‘u'l enrly light.
Win! so pram”; we hailed at. the twilight‘s [nut glam-Mg,
Whom broad Alripcs tad bright. m" lhro' the ponluul fight.
O'cr thu ramparts no wawh'd were so gnleHy ntmmwg;
And the rockol's rod glare, Um homln burning m nlr .
. Gave pmof through the night (In: our (In: «an an” there!
0h 1 my «load that ntu-apudglfl banner yet Inc ‘
D‘er the land or the {m uni the harm of the have!
0n the more dimly soon thro’ the mm: orthe deep.
Where the foe'mlmnghty bust in dread Ailrnce ltpuncs,
What I: lint which the bum, o'er the tow'riux steep
’ AA it nanny blown, In]! conceal! mm dificloau:
Now it candles m. gleam of me morning'g first beam.
in run glory nil-CM now ahinu on the stream:
’Tis the am-lp-nglod banner 3 oh, lohg Int! It I‘m",
o‘er the land a! m {m ud nu home of the bran!
And when I- that band who no ranntingly more.
That the blue of war mad we bank‘s confusion,
A home and l country 1h" Inn 11: no more i '
Their blobd bu illh'd «n 2 their (on! (uolflepl’ pollution
No refuge could Ia" lb. Bil-sling Ind slave.
From the tum: of flight. or th- gloom of the grub.
And a;- ahr-Ip-übd banner In triumph doth n 32,
O'ai n» which!» fno and the home at :h- grin.
Oh! than be it ever, when l'mnbn «hall stand '
Between thairlov’d homu, mod the war‘memhuou ;
mm with vict’rylnd pm», my the heu'n nun-d Ind,
Pniu the power an [nth undo god punched us a nation:
Than conga-r I. must, than our «91‘ it in just.
And umb- our motto—“ln Godyfou: trust 5"
And ch. cur-mogul! banner in triumph mu um».
O‘er “I. Ind of thc the uni Ilia honu of the have '
WHEN, in, the course of human e
vents, it, becomes necessary for one peo
ple to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another,
and to assume, among the powers of
the earth, the separate and equal sta
tion to which the laws of nature and
of, nature’s God entitle them, a decent
respect to the opinions of mankind re
'qulras that they should declare the cau
ses which impel them to life separa
tion.
We hold these truths to be self-evi
dent, thntnll men are created equal 3
that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain inalienhblu rights; that
among these are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of hnppiness. That, to secure
these rights, governments are institu
ted 'nmong men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the gov.
erned;_und that, whenever any form
of government becomes destructive 0
these ends, it is the right of the people
to alter or abolish it, and to institute a
new government, laying its foundations
on such principles, and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shit?! 1
seem most likely to effect their safety a
and happiness. Prudence, Indeed, wi} ‘
dietate that governments, long estaiii
fished, should not be changed for light
nd transientpams ; and, accordingiy,
8 experience hath shown, that man
kin s are more disposed to suffer, while
evild re sufl'erahie, than to right them
seives y abolishing the forms to which
they a accustomed. But, when a
igug tmi of abuses nnd naurpations,
yurauing Xnvgpiqbly the same object,
evincos a d ign to reduce them under
absolute dos ' it is their right, it
is their duty, throw of! such govern
ment, andto p time ‘new guards for
their future seen 'ty. Such has been
G—ETTYSBURC}, PA., MONDAY, JUL'V 8, 1865.
/778 Y
'ro THE AMERICAN FLAG.
BY [M3015 pllll
Whe- Freedom from her Imam-In lulzhr
Unfurlod her land-rd to flu lit" '
She (on nu nun robs ol‘ nlght, '
And at the gun a! glory there!
She mlngled with it! gorgeou- die-
Tbo milky hldric of flu skin,
And ntrlpod in para «um-1 while,
With findings from tug morning light!
Then. from hi- mum'On in the min, '
She ullod her eagle boner down,
And gave into bu mighty hand,
Tho lymbol of hu- ehoun land 5 ’
hlnjemc monarch of the cloud !
Who mmt slot! thy regal form, .
To be" flu (amped trumlzing laud,
And no the lightning-Imm driven,
Whyn ntridu the Int-riot o! the norm.
And mm the thandu-d'rum ofhuun .'
Child ol the sun 3 tn the. 'tiu given
To sum! the humor of the [too—-
To Inner 1n the sulphur lmoh,
To ward nu] lb! battle-um“, . - 1
And bud iu Men-ling- Ihine Jar.
Likgninbou on the cloud u! wnr
~ Thu [nu-hing“ of Victor; E ~
rug um. have : thy Min mu fly. 0
It“: sign of hope Ind triumph hisln'
Minn spun the sign! trump-rm tone,
And the long' line comes glotnning on. -
Br. :90. the life-blood, warm Ind Int,
Una dimmed um gunning buyout——
l-Znnh wldiu’u an Illnll brightly turn,
To whenjhy mgzeorgluriea burn,
My: Ilvllifl springing nap! adv-nee,
L‘nlch war and vengeance from lhe glunco '
Aud upeu ma cannun‘l moulfiiug‘ land,
Ileavajp wild wreaths the mule :hroud,
A»! pry-übreiriu and fill. V
Luke nhnou u! flame on mldnlght p 1“ !_
There dull thy View; glance: glow, .
And cuwrlug foes llull nu’bauwh
Bach punt arm that nrikcl below
The lately manager of dank ‘
Flgg at ‘he was I on man’: wan-o,
Thy mm Ilnll glitter o’cr the brave.
“‘an: death, amrlng on the gala,
Sweeps darkly round the belliéd sail.
And [righw wives rush u lldl: buck
Before the bmnduide’l reeling "ck,
K'l‘he'dfing wanderer 0! the no:
Shall luok at once to heaven and thee,
And {mils to see my uplandon fly,
In mumph o'er the closluz Dye.
'Plng of me free heart’s only home, .
By nuggl hurls to vain: given !\
Thy stars have lit the relkm dame,
And all thy hues were burn in haven.
Forever float 0.113: standard shut!
Whore bunnies the fun but nu. before In.
Wikh fre'edom’nmfl beneach our feet,
‘ And [realmk’u banner «ruining o'er In '
STAR SPANGIJCD BANNER.
D .
Bl FRANCIS I. KL!
Doolarationpfi Independence.
ADOPTED JULY 4, 17:6
“nu-tn Is lxcnn AND WILL ”gnu."
the patient suffersnce of these colonies,
and such is no_w the necessity which
constrains them to alter their former
system of governmant, The history
of the present king of Great Britnin is
a history of repeated injuries and usur
pations, all having, in direct object, the
establishment of an absolute tyranny
over these states. To prove this, let
facts be submitted to a candid world :
He has refused his assent to laws
the most wholesome and necessary for
the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to
pass laws of inuncdjate and pressing
Importance, unless suspended in their
operations till his assent should be ob
mined; and, when so suspended. he has
utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws
for the necommodutioh of‘ huge dis
trials of people, unless those people
would relinquish the right ofrepresen
tn'tion in the legislature; :1 right ines
timablé to them, and formidable to ty
rnnts only. _ \
Ila hasvcalled together legislative
bodies at places unusual, uncomfbrtublo,
and distant l'rum tho ropoxtory of their
public records, for the solo pun-peso of
fatiguing them into compliance with
liis measures. ,
He has (lissolved‘ropresentulive houses
repeatedly, fur opposmg with manly
firmness, luis‘inmsions on the rights
of the pcoylc. ,
He has refused, ,for a long time nfgcr
such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected; whereby the legislative pow.
ers, incapable of annihilation, have re
tul'nede the people at Luge. fin-vlhcir
exercise; (lie state remaining, in tho
111canliu;c, «:xpnscd lu :Llltlhu dangers
ol'inmsiun from Without, und convul
sions within‘.
' Huhus enilonvrzrvil to prevent lhq
population of lluuu'slnMs; for that
purpose, uh~lructing the laws of nut"-
mhzaLion of lul‘rigllcl'i, refusing to
pass others to encourage their miarrai
'liun thithci'uand raising the conditions
of new apprupriuiium ui' Inwk.
Helms obstructed the administration
of justice, by n-i‘uung his assent to
laws ['ol- cxlulili‘hingJudiciary power-5.,
lie has mndu jmlgunv (Icpuxidciix, on
his will aiunu for I. lcnurc oi'Lheii‘
ofliuui}, :m'ii (he amount and payment.
oi their sului ii-s.
110 thus cl'uctt‘d 11 multitude of new
nfiiuus, and 3an hi‘ln'r :‘suurms‘ of 011i
ccrs to harass um' yeuplv, an] out. 01”.
'thcir_subst:lm-u. '
Ha ha: kept among uq in time of
peace standing :Il'niics, \\ iLhuuL tlw con
sent 01' our legislatures.
He has "ff-'clcd m render tho mihta
ry indcpcudcnt ul‘, and nupul'lol‘ 10, the
civil power. ' ' . .
He has combined, “Zilh others, to
subject us to ajm'isdictlon (81-eign to
our constitution, and unhcknowlcdgcd
by our laws ; giving his Msent. to their
nets ofpl'clcndcd lcgidnrliun. ’
For quarwring large bodies pfm'mcd
troops among us. ,
For progccling them, by mock trial,
from punishment, Tor uny murders
which they should 'coulmit. on the m
habxtants of these stalofi. ‘
. For cutting off our trade with all
parks of the world.
Fdr Imposing mixes on .us without.
our consent. ' .i
For dopriringiq, in many cases, of
the benefit of (“:11 by jury.
”For transporting us beyond sons to
tried for pretended offences.
For abolishing the frw system of
English lnwé in ,n nuigbboringprovince,
establishing therein an arbitrary gov.
eminent, and enlarging its boundaries
so as to render it. aLonco an example
and fit insirument for introducing the
same nbsoluzp rule into ,thosc colonies.
For Hiking away our charters, abol
ishing our most \‘nluyblo laws, nud ul
termg, fundamentally, the forms of our
govcrumcnts.
For suspending our own legislatures,
and declaring themselves in vested with
power to legislate for ug in all cases
whatsoever. ’
He has abdicated government here,
by-deelaring us out nl‘his'protection,
and waging war against It‘s.
110 has plundered our 9033,; ravaged
our coasts, burnt our towns, ’and des
troyed the lives of our pedplo. ' _.
He is, at this. time, trxtnsporting large
armies of foreign mercenaries to cogn
plete the works of death, desolation,
and tyranny, already begun, with cir
cumstances of 'eruolty and perfidy
scarcely paralleled in the most barbar
ous ages, and totally unworthy the head
ofa. ciyilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow-citi
zens, taken Captive on the high sees, to
bear arms against their country, to be
come the executidners ol‘ their Friends
and brethren, or to fall themselves by
their hands. . '
110 has excited domestic insurrcc:
tions amongst us, and has endeavored
to bring on the inhabitants ofmn- fron
tiers the merciless Indian savages,
whose known rule of warfare is an un
distinguished destruction of all ages,
sexes, and conditions. '
In every stage of these oppresaions,
we have petitioned for redress in the
most hnmulo terms. Our repeated pe
titions have been ans'wered Only by re
pented injury. A princi whose char~
acteris thus marked by every act which
may define a. tyrant, is unfit to be the
ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in atten
tions to our British brethren. We have
wannotl them, from time to time, of the
attempts by'theirlegislntuw, to extend
:iniunwarantnblo 'urisdiction over us.
We heye’ remindcj tliem‘of'tiio circling
stances of our cm’ig‘rittinn and [situa
meat here. We have llpln‘flldd to their
g;
native justice and magnanimity, and
we have conjured them, by ties of our
Common kindred, to disavow ‘thoso
usurptians, which would Inevitably in
terrupt our connection and correspon
dence. They, too, have been deaf to
the voice ofjustice and ofconsnnguinity.
We must, tnerei‘ofo, acquiesce in the
necessity which denounces ‘our separa
tion, and hold them as we hold the rest
of mankind, enemies in war, in peace,
friends. .
Wel therefore, the Representatives
of the United States of America, in
General Congress assembled, appealing
to the Supreme ludge of the world for
the I'eetitndo of our intentions, do, in
the name, and by the authority of the
good people of‘theso colonies, solemnly
publish, and declare that-these United
Colonies are, and of right ought to be,
free and independent States; that they
are absolved from‘nll allegiance to' the
British crown, and that nli )olitical
connectibn between them ulidthe state
of Great. Britain is, and ought to be,
totally dissolved ; and that, as free and
independent States, they have full pow
er to levy wur,’conelu‘de pence, contrnet
alliances, cstabliah commerce; and to do
all other nets ilnd thingn which inde
pendent States may of right do. And,
for the support ofthis declaration, With
a firm reliance on the protection ot‘Di
vine Providence, we- mutually pledge
tovonch other our lives, our fortunes,
and our suerod honor.
MARRYING A CORPSE
In Bombay, recently. occurred lliel‘ol
lowing strange ceremony—the principals
being a livxng woman and a dead man, of
the Cummnuee caste. The relation that.
lmd meletl bolwven the living and the
(load was of a li-fl-lmnded nature. '_l‘noy
had lived lngethei for many years as ‘nmn
and wife. when. nits—r sufl'rrmg from a fab
rile attack for only four short days, the
man «lied. 1
Agreeably to the peculiar custom of their
caste. it was imperative, ere the corpse
could be removed for interment, that the
sacred rites of matrimony should be per-'
t'mtned. The sad intelligence was soon
communiuted to the neighboring residents.
and the loud and vehement lmmmetin of
tom-toms had the desired etl’uct. of collim
ing a host of friends and acquaintances,
and a fluctuating stream of passets-hy to
the spot. A _qooroo. or priest. being sum
monrd. and the necessary prepamtions for
the celthratinn of the nuptials being hur
riedly completed, the ceremony commenc
ed. The inanimate “form divine" WM
placed against the outer wall ofthe verandah
of the home in a sitting posture. attired
like a bridegroom. and the face and hands
were beameared with liquid tumeric. The
woman also was clothed like nbride, and
adorned with the usual tinsel ornaments
over the face, which. as well as the arms
and the drapery. Were dnubed over with
yellow. She B.“ opposite the dead, now
nddréhing itin light and unmeaning word-V
asoxs customarily doné on such occasions,
and then chewing bits of dry coconut and
squirting it on the face. And thus the
ceremony proceeded and continued l'or
three or' four hours. At length, as the‘snn
was nearing the horizon, the nuptial cere
mony Was brought to a’closc, and the pre
pnrations for the interment commenced.—
The dead wnsdivested of its bridnl attire.
then bathed. and finally laid upnh n bier
and covered with It cloth of sxlk. The face
was next rubbed over with some red pow
der. and in the month were placed some
betel leaves. The widowed bride then
looked—hr last at. the shrouded form of
him whom never more she would behold,
when. amid agonizing shrieks and deafen
ing tom-taming, the bier was, lifted up and
the funeral cortege proceeded in the direc
tion of Sion. One man—n near relative of
the deceased—preceded the corpse. throw
ing. at intervals. a handful of .picc to the
right and to the left, which Were being
eagerly picked up by a troupe of little
urchins.
THE TWO APPRENTICES.
Two boys were apprentices in a carpen
tm"ahop.' One determined to make him
self a thorough workman. the other didn’t
care. One of them .read and studied. and
got books that would help him to under
stand the princi In of his trade. 1% spent
his‘evenings at llome reading. The other
lilmd fun best. He often went with other
boys to have “a good time.” "Come,” he
often said to his shop mate, “leave your old
books; go with us. What’s the use oral]
this reading ?" “if I‘ waste these golden
'momeuts,” was the boy’s anssVer‘, "I shall
{lose what Ican mever make up.‘”. While
I the boys were still apprentices, an offer of
$2,000 appeared in t e newspapers for the
‘ best plan for a State House, to be built in
‘ one of the Eastern States.
The studious boy saw the advertisement
and date ined to try for it. After careful
study hefiew out his plans, and sent them
to the committee. We suppose that he
did not really expect to gain the prize; but
he thought there was nothing like trying.
In about a week afterwards, a gentleman
arrived at the carpenter’s she and asked
if an architect by the name ot‘anshington
Wilberforce lived there. "No.” said the
carpenter, "no architect, but I’ve got an
apprentice by that name.” “ Let’s see
him.” The onus man was summoned,
and informed that his plan was accepted,
and that the two thousand dollars were
his. The gentleman then said that the
boy must put the building up ; and his em
ployer was so roud of his success, that. he
willingly gavehim his tlmeend let him go.
This studious young car renter became one
of the first architects oil our country. He
made a fortune, and now stands high in the l
eatimatiou of everybody; while his fellow i
apprentice can hardly earn food for himself l
and family by his daily liaison—American ‘
Artisan. , 1
fi'Mpddling with other: sometimes
brings no into soups, and thereby one
of the elders of a church made “bad
worse.” A yOung fellow entered church,
”and took a seat with his hat. on. An el.
ider noticing it, stepped up and requested
him to take it of. His request not. being
complied with, he came to the young man
Jtha laeond lime, and seeing he still hesita-
Lod, the elduf gnu} lifted it ofi'. when to
his (the alder’a? chagrin. out rolled a quart,
of mailbarhs on the floor. making more
noise than mu oonlhtent with the mega:
the church. “Man." quietly remanded
the yquns mm, "899 What you’ve done.”
TWO DOLLARS A-YEAR
A VERY APT SOHOLAR.
A Baltimore oorrewondent o.‘ [larptr'a
Magaziueiella the following story, showing
hows p pil became too smart for his pre
ceptor: \
A rather pretentious appearing person
entered a store, and laying a small port-fo
lio on the counter. stated’to the merchant
that he was giving instructions in the art of
detecting counterfeit money by an original
and practical melhod of his own. He had
instructed several tell'ers in leading banks,
all of whom testified to the superiority ‘of’
his method. “Well," said Mr. B——, the
ggprietor, “whatis your peculiar method ?”
'd the stranger, “I show you good money
and bad money together; show and ex.
plain the difference .in the engraving:
show you the difference in the lathe-work
and the fine lines of the vignette," remark
ing‘ that he was a practical engraver him
self and in forty minutes’ time he could in
struct any person of the least observation
in rules that would be infallible in detect:
ing the finest executed counterfeit ever
issued” , -
“Well, what are your terms ?" said Mr.
BL—. looking intently at the men, as
though somewhat incredulous as to the pro
fundity of his wisdom on the subject. ‘s‘
,“My terms are five dollars for full instruc
tions," he replied.
“I can’t. give it,” responded B—-—-: “I
would probably forget it all in a week.”
“Weil.” replied the instructor, with an
eye to business, “I have spent some time
talking with you, and if you are anxious to
learn. l will charge you but three dollars.”
“Well, ijill go three dollars on it,” said
B——, “and I'th the risk of all the good it
will do are.”
So they proceeded to business at.once.—
The stranger opened his port—folio; produc
ed a quantity df bank-notes, good and bad ;
the fine lines of the lathe-work were duly
compared, expntiated upon, and explained.
He fountl a ready scholar in B——'—, who in
halfnn hour’s time was an adopt in picking
out the good from the bad‘onea“ , .
The lesson ended, B—-—- expressed him
self well, satisfied, and stepping, around to
his cash—drawer fumbled over some bills for
n rhomcnt; with which to pay for his tuition,
remarking tn the stranger that .he had
nothing less than a ten. and asking him if
he could give him seven dollars. which the
stranger promptly did, B——- giving him in
return awell executed counterfeit ten-Lini
lur note, With which he had been “stuck”
some weeks previous, and which had since
been lying in his drawer.
The stronger pocketed the bogus flan,”
expressed his thanks, nnd len-v-leavingz
11—— his tuition and seven dollars in' good
monry. '
A COURT SCENE.
“‘Willinm, look here; tell us. William,
who made you. Do youvkuow ‘I” .
William, who was considered it fool,
screwed up his face. looked thoughtful.
and somewhat bewildered, and slowly an
swered, “Moses, I s’pose." ‘
“That. will do,” said counsellor Gray.
addressing the court. “The’ witness says
he supposes Moses made him. [that cer
tainly ls an intelligentnnswer, more than I
thought. him capable of giving. for it shows
that he has some faint idea of Scripture.
but I submit that. it is not sufficient to en
‘title him to be sworn in as a wilnes's capable
of giving evidence.” ‘ -"
"Mr. Judge," said the fool, “may I at
the' lawyer a question i”
' "Certainly." said the Judge. '
"\Vul, then, Mr. Lawyer, who d’ye a'pose
made you 2" '-
"Aaron. I s’poge.” said counsellor Gray.
imitating the Witness. ‘
After the mirlhimd somewhat subsided,
the witness drnwled out, “wal noOW, we do
read in the good book that Aaron once
made a call, bu; who’d thought the darned
critter had got in here?"
The Judge ordered the man to be sworn.
Sharp L);i!ap7u.- Some years since, whpn
Caleb Curbing was younger, he met in so
ciety a Miss Gould who did not. like him,
so she exercised be; poetical powers in wri
ting cutting epitaph: upon the young beaux
of the neighbor-hm], and CnletLiu particu
lar. At a party-which'both attended. a
p-rper was circulated. which unused gram.
mgrrimenc, and finally came to the eye of
Cuihing. who read : .
“Lie along ye dand, ' ‘
For in the next bed
Rfiposa the ashes of Cgshing.
He has crowded his way
Through the world as they say, ‘
And even though dead-may be pushin .”
Cuqhing look the paper, disappearecfn
few minutes, and returned with another,
which being circulated put an end to the
persecutions d! the poctess. It contained
the following: A
“Here lies one whose wit.
Without wounding could hit;
Green be the turf that’s above her;
Having sent every beau ,
To the regions below,
She now has gone down-for a lbverl’
Miss Gould, who was verging towards old
maidenhood, did not: relish this thrust,
and left 03‘ writing epitaph: in that. looiety.
The ~ Climate of California—Dan Marble.
was once Itrolling along the wharvel in
Boston, when he met a tail. gaunt-looking
figure. a “digger" from California, and got
into conversation with him. “Healthy cli
mate I suppose?" “Healthy? It ain’t
anything else. Why, stronger, more you
can choou my climax!» you like, hot or
cold. and that without traveling more than
fifteen minutes. Just think of that the
next cold morning when you get out of
bed. There’s amountain there, with a val
ley on each side of it, the one hot and the
other cold. Well, get on the top of that
mountain with a double-bundled gun, and
you can, without moving kill either sum
mer or winter game, 'wat as you will I”
“What, have you. ever‘fled it 2" “Tried‘
it! often; and should have done pretty:
well, but for one thing.” “Well, what was'
that?" "I waited sdog that could stand
‘both climates. The last dog I had froze
06' his (ail while pintin’ on the summer
side. He didn’t get entirely out of the
winter side, you nee—trew in you live.".
Marble lloped.—- [Sh Louis Herald:
IS‘The cause of the difficulty between
he Rev. Mr. Ylatch.Unitarian, at Concord,
N. H.. and Bis cangregntion, was not bgcauso
he advocnted negro suffrage, but. became he
continued to advoqma the propriety of en
gaging in ordinary labon and amusement:
an the Christi-n Sabbath, after he had m—
pegtedly been requested not to do so.
fi-Inkifia. if a man is not mgrriodiby
twenty. 1143‘}: drummed out of town. Ba:-
baroul} ' .
‘ssmn at (lawman 91mm
u’msorox, Juno immune: Plon-
Fon in his m'aso'go lo Lhe-Vltlinh Losin
atuho, says; .
The map:— important question whig‘ do- ,
mnndn immediate consideration In that of
thornwmfi‘un of political rights to lboaewho
have heretofore elllflyod them. If the lost
of loyalty prescribed by the amended Stain
Constitution'is enforced in the election Ind
qualification ofofficers. it Would render or~
.ganlzation impracticable in most of chm
counties of the State. It is folly, he says,
to suppose that a State can be governed un
der a republican form of govern men: when
nlmge portion of the State—ninegegn-twen
lieths of the people-lure disfrnnclnaed, and
cannot hold office.
But. fortunately, by the terms ofthe Con
stitution, the General Assembly has control
of this subject. The restricting clauses of
the Constitution Were devised in time of
war ; but we have passed through this great
and. terrific conflict, waged on both sides
with.sskillnnd pertinacity seldom equalled.
When the passions. of men ran riot, and
blood was spilled like water—when on this
side of theline nll between the ages of 17
and 50 were made soldiers. and. for want
of faith in a depreciated'currency, supplies
to these soldiers fuiled, it is not wonderful
thetmen responded to appeals for voluntary
aid in the shape of food and clothing to
Vthose of their own family and household.
‘lndeed it Would be wonderful if they had
not. But now that the conflict is passed.
they accept the facts developed by the logic
of the past four years; declare that they
have taken the oath of allegjanoe to‘the
Government of the United States without
mentulr reservation, and intend to be and -
remain lo :11 to the government of their
fathers. lyt would not he in accordance
with the spirit of that noble Anglo~Bnxon
race‘ from which we boast our‘eommon
origin, to strike a fallen brother or impose
upon him humiliitting terms after n fair
surrender. Therefore, if it. Were even
preeticuble to organize the counties under
the diaqualil‘ymg‘ clauses‘of the Constitu‘
tion, 1 should still earnestly recommend
their repeal. We nmst not lose sight of the
. great fact, that whilst man is a social and
religious being. he is at the some time at
fighting animal. Hence, whilst we com‘
mend and encouragexthe milder and better
pro ensities of his nature, we must not
deall too harshly with the otherJeet‘we
defeat the objects of this relation and de
grade where we would elevnt‘e and ennoble.
All admit that a person disloyal to the go
vernment which gives him protection
should 'not benllowed to vote or hold office
l under that government. Hence the sug‘
lgestion of on oath ol loynllly. 1 would re
commend the amnesty out} prescribed by
l the President at the United States or one of
a similar character as that. to be substituted
for the one required by the Constitution as
it now stands.
NO_ 41
He further says, the subject of negro suf
fragein exciting great interest at present
all over the country. But es‘neither you
or I have control over that subject. it will
of course not be a subject of your delibera
tions. I would recommend the passage of
an ac? to legalize the marriage of persons of
color. recommendinw aglpraprintions for the
lunatic asylumi on: t e institute for the
(leaf. dumb and blind, an increase of taxes
to 15c. on the $lOO worth otproperty. the
raising of the legal rate of interest to 7 3-10
per cent., and the fixing ofe day for elect,
mg members of the Legislature‘ and the
House of Representatives.
The message closes by invoking the bless
ing of God upon the State and country.
A resolution was unanimously passed in
the llouse that in the opinion of the Gene
ral Assembly, the time has arrived when it
would be safe and expedient to restore to
the rights of gators persons who are dia
frenchiaed by the provisions of the third
article of the Constitution. ‘
The Senate concurred in the reeolutiofl.
eml a special joint committee was appoint
ed to bring in e bill for that purpose.
TROUBLE win} THE NEGiiOES.
Since the close of the war the authoritien.
begin to experience trouble with the “ele
phant.” Ho is 'unruiy. and requireuloioae
watching to prevent his doing mischief.—
Ganeral Schofield. v'vbo oomnfnnda tho civil
authorities of North Carolina. has found it
necessary to is’sue an order defining thedu
ties of Degrees and whites. ' ‘
The order declares thé'formenmulmn
guardians of minor, agod and infirm ne
groes who are without. relatives capable of
sugporzing them; forbids all able-bodied
rugroes to leave their homes or live in file
no”, to As to compel others to maintain»
their parents. children or younger brothdys
or sisters; allows adult! free from thenbove
obligations to seek employment wherever
theyplease, and leaves employers and sort
wants to agree upon the wages to be paid.
Ofiicers are to be appointed in each district
to earn out the provisionhfthis order.
Guardians of minors. aged and infirmed 1
Well. thntdon’t sound quile us had ”slave
ownora. Hut is‘not Ib.; order 0! General
Schofiv’id :1 positive ndmission ol‘tlio gener
al inferiority of the negro, nnd of his inen-_
paoity in take care of and yrovide (or him- ‘
aelf.¥—Jqférsanian. :
‘ An IntiddllL—The minille Democrat of
Tuesday has the following: ‘
A Cofifederate officer who was on his way
back to his home in Georgia. was outfitter
the Nashville depot, yesterday‘ He was
suddenly surprised at, beidg surrounded by
five or six negmea who had recognized him
nnd‘jumperl down from their wagon La mnf
and meet. him. They were driving govern
ment. teams. Ila recognizgd them as his
own negroea. who had followed the Federal
army off. They begged him to take dren:
back home mu. him; that they would be
“de best: niggns he eber seed" if he-lwonld;
Arrangemenh were mnde,,a.nd master and
magmas all left’ on the train for Georgia m
gethcr Lm night
fi'fhe names of pensioners on the roll!
in States Intel: ii: lebeilion have bean
dropped. Such persons who are loyal and
with their names restored. mun Agply to
the Commissioner of Pensions. ensign
agencies are about to balm-opened in Vlr-.
ginia, Tennessee and Louisiana.
fi-The Virginm Baptists think they on
take care of the tion]: within theirjnnsdim
tion without, the aid of New England mil
sionaries.
I WEAR A ssuLn.-Whicn win you do,
, smile _und makq other: happy, or be crabbgd'
and make everybody around you miserable?
You can live nmcng beauiiful flower. 3nd ring.
in; birds, or m the mire Inrronnded by fog;
and frogs. The amount of happinou which
you can produce it incaicunble, inon will
show a. smiling fnce, a kind heart, Ind lpuk’
plenum: wordl. 0n [be other hand, by lau
looks, cross words, and I irequl Jinpolitiog,
you can make hundreds unhnppy uimoflhu
yond eudurmcfi. Which wili - you do? Wou
aplenannz countenance, let my bean; In your
eye and love glow on your forehead: Then in
no joy so great as that which lprlnggnfmm.
kind act. or a pleasant degtl, and you "my flu!-
it ntnight when you ran, and at morning when
you me, and through Hie day What: About
your daily buainess. ‘ ,
CHANGING NAMES—The dark!" It 9.»
South no longer realize and: other I: Samba,
Quimbo, Jumbo, Sally Ann, Bury Ann, Dink,
ac,;. it in Miss Brown, fir. Wt", ic.’ It it
Imusing to hear their saluulionq, u “icy on.
deavm- to imitate the forms of fahlon‘flq N
wgnition. ~- ‘ ' ‘
”33-11. stands 6!: tho record :4 Wont Poll.
thnt neither Grant nor. Sherman '9" no” -.
the “goed boys”o( the Hillary Auduna Blunt-Z
Sherman standing N 0.3" in ms 051:er
behavior, um! Gen. ,Gnnlhninzu 109; .. {4L ,
In schnlnnhip, tod,’nenh'er’of 1 eminfifi . ‘
place among the honor-« 1 hit" ' Sharon", who
uoa’d the am 19:! u go. 9’ Mhhmimk»
um}: :0 No. 6. bu: Gun“ ' u‘,
hing-three nbma Ilium?" 1. 5.
lion. w .\‘a. '43. - . i
153-6
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