. -
t." - - es
14 =V - • :
.0114 I 0 p N 41641040 gaM il t hr duet to
AillitAiWWYolle* Whi . 4 . bestowed up
'Oa 'Mr free! Venial - 411 blessings
throagliodt the past:year. The geperal health
tai the tedatrt -has bbarr excelled!! oar her
'wesisingte IMPS anufnally plentiful, and pros
=ti:iii4isslllie tWe oat the land. Indeed.
ding oar demerits, we Lave much
idakerta believe 'ten the past events of out I
Itlitaty, t&kt we have enjoyed the special pro
isittip•Offilivide Providence ever since ova N.ri
lea MI is
. fiptiett. We bare been expand. to
lbw ofili tis min g and alarming dillieelt,tes In
0W,..., • • ; hat on mien successive ircasion 1
. :I bili. r''''' ~ cloud has been dissipated at the I
4 ... , '
,appeared ready to haralgtion our 1
i • w baud t • Miner to our isstitutions has
•
+ay. Ilsv we aver be sada the divine
'. .„ - sat prOtection I
'• . It is the y orthe Rrosident " from I
' Se time to et! lip Costar:es information of
state - Jt the rsrent,7 ;shall not refer in de
taq to the rittent log it 4 'bloody occurrences at
Ilmrsolell 'Fleir7. ldtfil, It is proper to observe
that these 'eleents, however bad and cruel in
Wilke;sieriye their chief importance from
rehealdoit that ttiv are but symptom.' ,
_Filtrable disease in the public mind, ,
%ISO* Say break out in still more dangerous
WINOS sad terminate at last in EP open war
Wthe Nprth to abolish slavery in the South.
Ifilidlit, for myself. I entertain no such appre-
a, they ought to l• ea
Si solemn warning
a 11-0, -
al to beware of the approach of danger
Union is a stake of such inestimable value
'7
'Ms to demand our constant and watchful N igi- 1
:laic, for its preservation In this view. let rue
,iMplore my countrymen,. Yorth and §coth, to
eoltivate tbesacient feelings of ru alai firbear
lisme actl good-will towards each other, and
"strive to allay the demon spirit of sectional
_lsatred and Wife *cow alive is the land. This
yk* premeds from the lieart of an old public
Intctlenary whinge service commenced in the
last gesenitidn. amok the wise and conseri a- '
itfve statesthea id that day, now nearly all pass-
est away, Slid whose first and dearest earthly
Wish Is to leit.e his country tranquil, prosper
ous. usiOd and powerful.
" 3f , ought to reflect that in this age. and e-
aly in this country, there is an incessant
Ibis and reflux of public opinion. Questions
which in their day assumed a most threatening
'aspect, have now nearly gone from the memory
Omen. They arc .' i , olcanoe.s burnt out, and
t ie tide lava and ashes and squalid *come of old
eruptionsgrew the peaceful olive, the cheering
'vise, and the sustaining corn. ' Such, in toy
plan/on, will prove td be the fate of the pre,esa
sectional excitement, should those who wisely
seek to apply
e ta remedy, continue always to
value ibe,Li• e tts within the pale of the G0D
.44.0011. .If ti,,iiii.course be pursued, the exist
-1.4 agitatina g,n:.pie subject of domestic slat erY
Pt* everythin human, will base its day ar. r d
give place Lo o er and less threatening con4d
ti
iforsioa. Pc,hL opinion in this country is all
esweil'u,l,"a'fid when It reaches a dangerous et :
Cleat itian tidy question, the good sense of the
people**lll [tarnish the corrective and bring it
Lack within safe limits. Still, to basti.r. this
Illtspicious result, at the present crisis, we ~.4gLI
to rensetsber that every rational creature must
,Le prevented to intend the natural consequences
Wadi Veen teachings. Those who announce
llebEtract doctrines subversive of the Coaktitu
tinn and the Union, must not be surprised
ithoeld their heated partisans advance one step
farther, and attempt by siolence to carry these
doctrines into practical effect.
In this view of the subject it ought never to
be forgotten that however great may hare been
'the political advantages rest:dung from the
pnkin to every portion of our common country,
these would all prove to be as nothing should
the time ever arrise wiled they cannot he enjoy
ed without serious danger to the personal safe
ly of the people of fif.ccn members of the con
federazy. If the R eace of the domestic fireside
throughout these States should ever be invaded
—if the mothers of families IT/ 11.11 l this exten
sive region should not be able to retire to rest
pt night without suffering dreadful apprehen
sions of what may be their own fate and that of
'ear children before the morning. it would be
hair
to recount to such a people the political
benefits which result to them from the Union.
tielf-preservation is the first instinct of nature
-and therefore any state of society in which the
sword is all the time s'ispended over the heads
fps people, mast at last bec.,..lit,e intolerable.
'ti iciiinke In no such gloomy forebodings
'the 'contrary. I firmly believe.that the events
' .4 TlMper's Ferry, by causing the people to
Firand reflect upon the possible peril to
cherished institutions, will be the mean,.
attar Providence,of Allaying tli e existing ex, i te
bleat anti preventing future outbreaks ofa simi
lar chaiacter. They will resolNe that the Con
atitsstiott and the Union shall not be endangered
by,-Steh counsels, knowing that should .• the
silmorsord be loosed or the golden howl be
proken . * • at the fountain," human power
easald never reunite the scattered and hostile
airagaaesiti:
1. cordially congratulate TOII upon the final
Settlement by the Supreme Court of the United
§Mtee of the question of slavery in the Terri
es, which had presented an aspect so truly
Yuiliplable 'it thicommencement of my admin
estikties. The right has been estab:ished of
weep eitizen to take his property of any kind,
including slaves, into the common Territories
rseyging equally to all the States of the con
' , and to have-it protected there under
',lfestanal Constitution. Neither Congress
territorial legislature nor any human
Wirer hap apse antbority to annul or impair this
'mad Hot. The supreme judicial tribal:Lai of
We cesentsl, which is a co-ordinate branch of
:the Glosernmest, has sanctioned and affirmed
these riseiples of constitetiqsal law, so maul
:lastly list in thennselyes, and so well calculated
PS promote peace and harmony among the
/*atm
• It Is a striking proof of the sense of justice
pgskits inherent in our people, that the prop
in slaveshas never been disturbed to toy
edge,' in any of the Territories. Even
ronghout She late troubles in Kansas there
lees sot bier any attempt, as I am credibly in
kitwoi, to interfere, in a single instance, with
%garb( of the master. Had any such attempt
heentlaade, thejudiciary would doubtless have
treirdlest an adequate remedy. Should they
• to do this hereafter, it will then be time
'Dough to strengthen their hands by further
legialittioe. Had it been decided that either
o geese or the Territorial legislature possess
- werto annul or impair the right to prop
yes, the evil would be-intolerable. In
lint la - event, there - would be_a struale for
a me)oritrof the members of the legislature at
'sank eneceseive election, and the sacred rights
of property held under the Federal Constitution
Wselikalspeld for the time being on the result.
%a tigiiatioireould thus be rendered inoessant
laritirst the territorial coalition remained, and
itebsieltd • ittuenee wo keep alive a dan
wpm excitement among the people of the ser
-arallltates.
' Zoo jiisi the ataips of &Territory, during the
ialialliighilltrirlß4froja its fitiit seft}eMent un
ailliallbon Pima* II: Siete, been irrevocably
114-by . tb. tt* *,,isipa of the Supreme
41=Irprearo hiss this been for the-pros
-4 lb, Tiprriteries, as well as the Iran-
Igitil State". Now, emigrants from the
!Seetlit,ditd the Bomb, the East and the West,
‘/Ilianst in eta Tenitatriaa, qn a common plat
two bowie' breapbt wad tiiiia teat species of
:tr.. % bout adapted, is tietif ewe opiiion, to
their wsifize. '?repo 'eatnral
ilt+44 triestioa will in ia4 rise soon vie-
TAsulipty
• into the
t, will
mitile
Pm':
. re
med or
"shove bees
qe4lo. the 0.4=
_ betwess Wee and fink
hundred. These aspired MOW salierfel en
terprise haws been rigort but
not with u mach success ralltiell have
deserved. A numbeirpf gss i ar• urger
prosec union.
Our bLitury pros-ea that the Fathers of lb*
Bnpablic, in advance of all other nations. con
demned the African slim trade. It visis...not
'Wichita tiding, deemed tripedient by. the framers
sate Constitution to deprive conbress ortbe
power to prohibit "tbe migration or intporta
two of such persona as any of the States now
existing shall think proper to admit" prior to
the year ea* tboosined eight bazarici and
eight."
It will he seen that this restriction on the
power of Congress was eonfioed to such States
Only as roight.alak proper to admit the impor
tation
ot *laves. It did not fateful to tbsi ather
States or to the tr..de carried on abroad.
cordiogly, we find that so early as the 22d
March, Itf4, Catena paned all act ippolang
severe penalties and punishments upon citi
tens •od residents of the Cnited States who
should engage in this trade between foreign
nations. The provisions of this act were ex
tended and enforced by the act 10th May, 1800.
Again: The States themselves had a clear
right to waive the constitutional privilege in
tended for their benefit, and to prohibit. by
their own laws, this trade at any time they
thought proper previous to 1808. Several of
them exercised this sight before that period,
and among them some containing the greatest
nut,-;her or Twit gave to Congeiss the
immed'cte potter to act i■ regard to all inch
States, because they tbemseli es had removed
the constitutional barrier. Congress accord
ingly passed an act ou 2S th February. 1803, "to
pre,ent the importatioa of certain persona into
certain States where, by the laws thereof, their
admission is prohlLitei . i." In this manner the
importation of African slaves into the i i.74i4pd
States was, to a greet extent, prohibited some
years in advatige of 1608.
As thej. arroached. Congress de
termined n of tL;a ;rade to mit even
for a sing 7 after they had the power to
c elpf r
thul:sh lt. !JP the 2d of March. ieo7, they
passed an act to take effect from and after the
14 daatierJadnary. 1808;" prohibiting the int'.
portal.) of African shaves into the United
States Thie was followed by subsequent acts
of a similar 'chant( ter, to which I need not
5 perkily refer. Such were the principlea and
such the practice of our ancertors bore than
fifty yearg ago in regard 14 Or Aitken slave
. • . ~
trxde
It did not occnr to the revered patriots who
had been delegates to the convention, and al
terwards became members oteongress, that in
panting these Ilws they had violated the Con
stitution which they had framed with so laugh
care arid deliberatum. They supposed thiit to
prohibit Congress, in express terms, from ex
erL.l.ilng a specified power before an appointed
day, necessarily involved the right to exercise
this power after that day had arrived,
if this were not the CII3C, the framers of the
C.,anstitution Lad expended mach labor In vain.
Had they imag;ned thit„gongrsss weuld pollees'
no power to prohinit the trade eipier before or
alter 1808, they would not have take; so much
care to protect the States against rte eyereise
of this before that period. Say more, they
would nothave attached such vast importance
to this prorision as to have extended it from
the possibility of future repeal or amendment,
to which other portions of the Constitution
were exposed. It would, then, bare been
wholly unnecessary to engraft on the fifth ar
ticle of Constitution, pfesot Piing the mode of
its own future amendment. the proviso, "that
no amendment which may be made prior to the
sear one thousand eight hundred and eight
shell in any manner effect" the provision
the Constitution securing to the States the right
to admit the importation of African sieves
previous to that period.
' According to the adverse construction, the
clause Itself, on which so mutts care and die
mission has been employed by the member's of
!I!i - e0 - 11S6ritict.P 7 .31 - A3 an absolute nullity from
the beginning, endoll that hulloes been doise
under is re usurpation.
It was wand wise to confer this power on
Congress, beeanse, hid it' been left to, the
States. its efficient exercise would have been
impossible. In that event any one State could
have effectually continued the trade not only
for iteelf, but for all the other slays States,
though never so much againsttheir will. And
lykr ? Eire:lose African slaves, when once
brought within tl i e limits of any one State,lll
accordance with its lats, cannot practically
be excluded from any other State where Sieve
ry exii.t• And even had all the States bad
separately parsed laws prohibiting the imptift
ration of slaves, these laws would have fall
of effect for want of a naval force to capture
the slayers and to guard the coasts. Ruch a
force no State cite employ in time of peace
without the concent of Congress.
These acts of Congress, it is believed. hare.
with very rare and insignificant exceptions,
accomplished their purpose. For a period of
more than half a century there has been no
perceptible addition to the number of our O.
mestic slain( Daring this period their ad.
vanEement in riVilizatiOn has far surpassed
that of any other portion of the African rote.
The light and the blessings of Christianity hare
been extended to them, and both their morll
and physical condition has been greatly im
proved.
Reopen the trade, and it would be diffinnlt to
determine whether the effect would be more
deleterious on the interests of the master or on
those of the native-born slave. Of the evils to
the master, the one most to be dreaded wopid
he the introduction of the wild, heathen, and
Ignorant barbarians among the sober, orderly.
•nd quiet slaves, whose ancestors have been
on the soil for serer:al generations. This
might tend to herbal-4e, Aemortlize, and exas
perate the whole mass, and produce most de
plorable consequences.
The effect 'upon the existing slave would, if
ponible, be still more deplorable. - At present
he in treated with kindness end humanity. Ile
is well led, well clothed, and not overworked.
His condition is comparably better than that
of the coo ies which modern nations of high
civilization hare employed as a substitute fur
African slaves. Roth the ohltanthropy and the
self interest of the Illstf . ter bare combined-to
produce this humane result. But let this trade
be reopened, and what will be the effect? The
same, to a considerable extent, as on a neigh
boring island—the only spot now on earth
where the African Blare-trade Is openly tolera
ted ; and this in defiance of solemn treaties
with a power abundantly able at any moment
to enforce their execution. There the muter,
intent upon present gain,
_:stOrts from the
slave bi much labor as his physical powers are
capaple of endnring—knowingthat,when death
comes to his relief, his, place can be supplied
at a price redneed to'the lowestpoint by the
competition of the rival Afrieste glare Wider,.
Should this ever be tl3p piiip jn at" country—
which I do not deem possible— The primal*,
character the domestic institution,
wbereiti those top old and top mpg 0-nor*
are ptwrided foe with care and humanity, sad
those capable of labor are not overtasked',
would undergo an unfortunate change. The
feeling of rersiprotil• depeedenoe and attach
ment which new exists between master and
slave would be converted into mutual distrust
and hostility.
But weare obliged es a phristisp and moral
patio° to considenehat would he the effect up
on unbapp3 Africa itself if we should re-open
the aloes trade. This would five the trade an
impales and extession wkit.)t it has lunar had
even in its Wiliest dont. rho numerous vie
ties required ee 'moray it would coavert the
whole slave coast into a whet Pandentonluto„
for which this country would** held nepeuei
tho eyes hOi of Penland teste.• .Its pet
ty wonld Oeo be conetantly engaged in
Rroal s effly wan egailet *sob other for the pur
pose atibeitang aline to spooky the American
Allltopee of 4frkatt advilinatlon would
Int thot waded..
go* other head s Situ a market fee
4aosispita4l no lons* be furnished 2
*, sad tlbai tendfd. tse ash
this trido, is oieeny ;belt ladnlina reasene
liopo fbr the sal boort:T*l4ot of +fetus.—
This clef pf .ion°gjh. tribes veltl
cease wheokier tip 14.114 loailAtlWY diatitad
for slaves. Tilt I.llo* •q 0 at - tpaf km. but
he deeeloPe4l
kr le-
In
faiY
its:
B*s
N il4 3 llLa tilt i.
T tiwi
mzp ,
ion
to
id Ne
tt* the
coosti-
be bare tot bin
-
ic.e. - " -- -" . - .--- 11.•eth7r. mph., Tiiisruiltm ------- .koit l •
end iliplalnet , git t op, abet aa o ber maul chute
„Y to Mentes as • nelghboria• Slate. The ,
lra adakomh-hrelsedllhate to ids Wattle- 1
r liaet whildi - 'meld ditterlo anti of a new lib ...' of the power of the United States in ,
adleiously wesoperatiol wlth.tha indttls- ' ondetentading between the two oonn• Dee. Miresson. %et dot " swam at mislay to redress the wrongs and pre
taminsliisars *swot.* air amteella; aseasseett ; vim, the wiping out of the adeereel,the plan ender wllleitisetilitsgtotteitiwind Z. lee Ike rigista of nor own citizens is none '
to 00eare bY tris46l:e sfac jile cl orry PouscionbAk tresties
hav : i e d lai en ess .
...iiin to red i a l ipda
t a h il r LiSsi i n n !. 7 , u . naer ,
. tl• inaz ir was
__ i this:r easieu reatarmil n.l - taettj avinic s hbecoesa pte 4illli y o laele r
.tibloy. rmae. hinit:i alessuernlteitesitleiempetits
oto tte pire : o e ir s .. i tr r isi ed epert , t 7: teda u n se astni e rte ffi die e rm ie ta n u t s: a ine n i d . ',.
=Wed 17 tie d t i 0/.*reiirn eontesetes• 10 70 a 'treaty of thelads of sltane. 1846, eq.' ' He arenssobd ili bolrecer. nt11,746 it it ifterissary sillel may thus be rendered at the!
The result is
beet cone/laded wth Ong* b 7 the reactiye del , ii o i4r erat a n i artn i seie
c a wi rT.'ec‘• in e e i *: drew
.".• and '''. powithe , Set • B 1 1 ~,,,,i,, ; tacit ,_ 1
lemma on tbas appotntment, ' t onto A - •eae le accomplishment of this re- '
atieistess of the tidied States, Great Britain,
i ftrt .4h n o t f ie ju r,
i t y. b . e lti. la s t.e 2,
addressed a note to ' gement party. ti-
France, aad Rends. Out 'treaty , or gecersi Secretary of State, tinsels, with that title, at the
t opes,.rily feel a deep and earnest interest.—
coarention of peace, amity, and commerce,' , Mexico ought te
ale Crampton,
eon
e e
then British ' '
ntiniater at Wash- ', In my irist *Mal moque I communicated be a rich and prosperous and
with that empire wills concluded
at Tieetein on
the 18th June, 1858, and Wel ratilli:d by saussicatin ) himunder which . peseerfin repnbli
the , ingten..enten e , ; . R 3 t a copy of the I to Cuomo the tercismateeces , . . C. She possesses ext ens i ve
President, be and with the advice and consent ' inlitfectom s wio...ii he 1 r. Wareyl bactgiveu, il i a lota Minister of the Pe t ted States sespen-, terrt•ory, a fertile soil, and an teem/cohabit,
of the Senate, on the 2 1st December following.
on the 14th . ofJuly, to Gov Stevens, of Wash - ' ded his official Mations with the centre]; store of mineral wealth. She occupies an
On the 15th litsettsr.ber, IEI6B, Juba E. Ward, ' ingtors Terrtary, haring an especial reference government ;and withdrew from the cowatry.: important position between the Gulf and the '
a distinguished citizen of Georgia, was duly to an "apprehended' &make between our citi- It was impossible to maintain friendly inter- ocean for t4tanott routes and for ennosi serce ;__ '
commissioned as Envoy Estraerdinary and I, tens and the Brftlah s o nj eeta on the Island of , 090 , 10 *tea a gowernment, like thrit at the ' ra it pciesilde that such a cuuntsy as this can
'fit:aster pleaipotentiary to Chiva. He left the , Oen Juan." 'To prevent t hi s ... eractiar , ' sitp i ta i s under whose usurpol authority ,be given up to anarchy and rein erithout 1
United States for the place of his destination j was instructed "that the officers of the Terri- 1 wrong , were constantly oommittod, but never an effort fry oq any quarter fur its rescue and
on the sth of February, infin. bearing with him tory should ittetnin f r o m n it aeta on the dis- , redeemed. had this been ap established its safety I Will the commercial nations of
the ratised copy of this treaty, sad artfted at puted grounds which tire calculated to pro- ' government, with its pewee eztending. hy. ' the world, which have ito many interests con
„,,Stia,ughsti on the 28th Bay. From thence he yoke arait congects, so Car op it can !e done j ibes ransom of the people, over the wisele of nected with it, remain wholly indifforant tq '
proceeded to Peking on the 15th June , but did 1 without implyieg th e eop: em o th oo to
.e ;me. t hjegieet„ a resart to hostilities against it such a result ? ban the it 'L ake, Settee, espe.
not arrive In that city until the 27th July. Ac- thorities or Great Britain of an exolaei'ee rion,ld have been quite justifiable, and indeed cially, which ought to share most largely in
cording to the terms of the treaty the ratifies:- 1 right over the Premises. The title oaght to' necessary. But the Gonna, was it prey to', its commercial intercourse, allow their im-
Uons were to be exchanged os or before the be settled before either party should at t em pt c i v il war ; and it wax hoped that the success . is esliete neighbor elms Jo destroy inrelf and
ftfth Jane, 1859. This was rendered itspossi- to exclude the other by forile,'Or exercise eons - of the constitutional President might lend to , injure them 1' Yet, without support from '
ble by reason, and events beyond his control, pl ets and exclueire sore • - gn ' •
reign ri ta, Within a aondition of things less injurious ti, or some quarter,
it is ih •
ipoesible to perceive htni
not necessary to detail; but still it il due to , the fa i r l y dis'iunted limite.to
: tniteol Statio• This success lie ire so pro; : Mexico eau resume her petition among nations
the n'hincese authorities at Shanghai US 'tete ;
In acknowledgingthe
receipt on the next ' bable that in January last , I empinyed a relies and sitter pun a career which promises any
that they always misused him po• advantage ;
dal of Mr. Marcy's note, th e B r i t i s h Mi n ister Lle agent to visit Mexico, and report to me good resufts. TO silo which she requires.
should be takro of the deter, and this pledge •lt.' and which the •
ex pressed his entire concurrent* " in
,the nru- the actual condition and prospects of the nit .. 0 Interrala UT nit (X,lllUieroliti
has been faithfully redeemed. sa , e. .
On the sinial of lir Ward at Peking ha re- ( PiletY of the co arse recommended to '•”" '''''''' his countries r equire
tending parties. '' In consecotence o f, , that she should bee°, it
error of Washington Territory by your ['Mr. report, and from informetion which reached., belongs tO this litiyernyent to render; not
quested an audience date Emperor, to present
instructions to that officer , " and ' me from other seerCes, fityorable to tho pros-" qnly by virtue of our neughborteMel to niexice, '
his letters of credence. Thu he did not ob- 1 Msrel''
Lain. in consequence of his very proper refusal , stating tint he had "lost no time in transmit- peens of the constitutional m is use, I f e l t j us tife ' ',long whose territory we have a euutimenis '
to submit to the huusiitatieg seremomes re- flog a ropy of chat docninunt to the gotere ed in appoieting a new minister to Mexico. ' frontier of nearly t jitqus a „,/ wiles, but by
quires] by the etiquette of t'elis strange people ' nor-gener.%l of British North America," rind' who might embrace the earliest useitel,le op- virtue, also, of our estio,iishint p olicy, :1144
l a Approaching th e ir so v er ei gn . nice er theiess had "earnestly recommended to his Excellen- portunity of resturingour diplomatic relations ii inconsistent with the i nter‘ont i mi of any I
the interviews on this queatioe wer e conduct- ,cy to take such measures as to him may op- with that Republic. For this purpose a 'ii ,- . Xiir°Pcan Power iti thu tionmAi c concerns of
ed in the most friendly spirit, and with all dos pear best calculated to to-cure, on the part of tinge ished citizen of alarylend was ..elected, that republic. t
t
regard to his personal feelings and the honor the British local authorities and the Inhabi- who proceeded (ill ills mission on the ilth of The wrongs which w n have milFered from '
of his country. When a presentatton to his tents of the neighborhood of the line in ques- March last, with diseretionary authority to 3lneieo are before the world, and must deep : . I
Innestv was found to lit. it1V, , ..i10.1;i 1 ,t, the letter lien, the exercise of the same spirit of for. recognize the governuiest of President Jon- in itirrese every Amens-an citizen. A goy.
cif credence nein the President was received h earan ce whichisinculcated
by you [Mr. Tea, if 'in his arrival in Mexico he should find eminent which is either enable or sinwillipg 1
with peculiar honors by Kwciliang, " th e. Em- Marcy! on the authorities and citizens u the it coaled to Poch recognition, according to to redress such *rings i t , derelict to its high. '
perur's prime minittcr, and the se‘uuil use in U n ited States." I the established practice of t h e u n ited States. est duties. The difficulty °sionista in *elect- ;
the empire to the Emperor himself." The rat i
.„ I Thus matters remained upon the faith of, On the 7th of Aprit folloiking, Mr. McLane ing and enforcing the remedy. lye may in
ficaiions of the treaty sure alterwards, on LDS thfsarrtovremenliintil the 9th July bust. when I presented his credentials to Preaideet Juarez,' vain apply to tho constitetisitial iseverineent
le th of August. ex licaged in proper form at
I General Harney paid n visit to the island.— I paring no hesitation "in pronouncing the : at N'ltra Cruz,. although it is well disposed te
uri
Pei-ne. As the exchange did nut take place .. fo un d
i te upon it twenty - five American real- , government of ,Juarez to be the only existing , do us justice, for adequate redress . w.hila i
unt..ll after the del kycscrit,e•l by the treaty, it
s dents with their nannies, nod also no estab-' government of the Republic." Ile wee cur- ' its nutherity is acknowledged in all the im
is
deemed proper, before Its publiontiou, ripita -
1 if a h men t o f the (Judson tiny Compuny tor the dially received by the authorities nt Vera , portant pats and tiatemglisest the sea. o ,mt e •
to submit it to the Senate.
se of ra i sing s h eep. A short ti me be- C ruz, and they bare ever since manifested the ' of the republic, i ts power does not extend v., I
It is but simple justice to the Chinese so- i our se . . ,
residents' had : most friendly disposition tuwards the Uititeel the city of aleekei whe re
lure his arrival one o f t hese . . „ ; . nearly nil the re-;
thorlties to observe, that, throughout tbewbole j 1
aims ini animal belonging to the einneenta States . Unhappily, however, the constant- cent outrages bare been committed on A mer .;
transaction, they appear to hate acted in good
1 w hil s t trespassing upon Isis premises, for ' timed government has not been able to estab- ' jean citizens. We must penetrate into th e ',
faith and Ina friendly spirit towards the United
States, It Is true this hes been done afteetheir 1 which , however . h e offered to pity tw i ce it, ! dish its newer (e'en the whole republic. It is in vier before we can retell the offender*, j
own peculiar fashion ; but we ought to regard I value; nut that was tefueed. 1 supporftal by a large majority of the pessple , and this can only be dune by passing through '
with a lenient eye the m s elent customs of an ' Senn after ethe chief factor o f the company , and t h e s tates, b ut t h ere are i m p or t a nt parts the territory in uecunatien of the constitution-
empire dating back tar thoasaad of years so of Victioria,4 Mr. Dallas. emein-law of Our. of the country where it can enforce no olsedi- 'id government. The moat acceptable and
far ea this may be coseistrat with oar own as-' Douglas, mime to the Island in the British ;once. General Miran o i maintain,' himself least difficult ulnae of ticcempinan
c.,- the uh
clonal honor. Ths c o nduct of one minister on I steamer-of-war Satellite, and threatened to ' i a t the capital ; and in mime of the distant ject will he to act in e.nicii•rt with that; gotten-1
the occasion has received my entire sta.roba- take "this Amerirnii (Mr. Cutler] by force to , province; there are military governors who , ment. Their consent and their aid might, I
titan.either.•
Victoria, to answer fur the traipses he bad pay little respect to the 'decrees o f believe, be obtained ; but if not. our obih m , i.
In order to carry ou t t h e s pi r it grads treaty, onesimitted. The American seized his rifle, government. In the mean time the exceerma ' thin to protect our citizens in their jest rights, •
and to glee It full effecnit Itecitine pecessary to . and told Mr. Dallu if any rpeli attempt wee which always attend upon civil war, especial- I secured by treaty, would not lie the less n u . •
conclude two supplemental roaryntlaus—she' mat t e , he wou ld kill pip up the spot," The ,
affair then eeded, ir in Meeks), are constantly recurring. • Out - . perntive. For these reasons , I reemutmnd i
one for the adjustment and satiefaction of tbe
\ I -
ragas of the wont desprii lion are commit- the Csingresa to piss a Ins uutherieing the
claims of Par citizens' sad the ether t e fi x tn • ' tinder l t the American '1 '
three e reupts angle, l
tedupon persons ant property , There is ; President, under such auntie as they mat
tarie op imports and e;ports, B b d
to regulate , - i
presented a petition to the General, ' scarce ly a ny form of injury: which has nut ' deem expedient, to ankiloy a sitifluient Wine- ,
the transit duties and trade of our merchants ' s e t tle rs
pummel' the United :autos inspector of pule ; been suffered by our eiliiens to Mesita!' 'luring I, ry fusee to enter ale ins , for the purpose of '
with China. This duty was satisfactorily per, .
trims, Mr. Buhl" to P t
lamp a fume upon the the lest few years. We have been nominally ' t obtaining indemnity for the past and security
teemed by our hue minister. These cpueen-
I Island to issusect them 'nem the Indiana as' at puce with that Itepublic. but '" so far as , fur the future. I purples-1v refrain from any.
lions bear date of Shanghai on the jib Nevem
lye!! as the oppressive interference of the at-; the interests of our commerm or of our citi- ; suggestion sa to whether this fermi silent eon
ber,lBsB. Hariug been considered in thelight
hcrities of the nudism; Katillettinpany at Vic- ' tens who have visited the country as mer- I slat it:regular troops or volunteenn or troth,
orhilidhig agreements subsidiary to the prim- It"
cipal treaty, and to be carried into execution 1 tuna with their rights as American eitigene. " , clients, ship -masters, or in ether (mane - Wee. This question may be most appropriately
without delay, they do not provide for any for- , The General immediately responded to this' . are concerned, we might es well lime beea at : left to the denisiop of Co tt areea. I wool,!
mat ratification or exchange of mtieestions by I petition, and ordered Capt. George E. Pickett, i wnr." Life hen been insecure. property un-: merely eleserre that, sheen esdonteers be s e.
the contracting parties. This was not deemed' 9th lefentry. "to establi s h his company on ' protected, and trade impossinle, except at% ' lecteil, such a fisree mould be (wily raised in
necessary, by the Chinese, who are already pro- !Bell cue, or San Juan Leland. Oil SOM . 1311 4' 1 , , risk of leas which prudent men cannot be , this country among those who sympathize
seeding in good faith to satisfy the claims oft ble position near the harbor at the euealicast- expectedlo incur. Important est:Ornate, in- with the sufferings .4 osteurifortunate fellow
our citizens. amid, it is hoped, to carry out the ! ern extremity." l i yoking large expenditures, entered into by t citizens in Mexico, and with the unhappy
other provisions of the conventions. Atilt I' This order wee promptly obeyed, and is ' the central nevernineest , have been set at de-ti ainditi of that republic. Such an mimes
thought it ra proper to e;thmit them to the [ military post wits tusteldislied et the plane i Swum 19 the loc-il gurernniente. Peat PAO lai to the force of the tentstitittlunal govern-
Sepate, by which tlks,t were ratified on the 3d ,I designate" . The ewer. was a ft erwards in- I American residents , e ccupeine tin it rightful j wont would enable it soon to reach the city of
Beech, 1850. !creased. en that
.
Ise the last return the whole : poasessitlna, have been suddenly expelled the t Meshes mid extend its power liver the whole
Theratified copies, however, did not reach ' iinnther
oftroops th e e on the lmlaud unassuist- •; country, in dentine-el la treaties, and by the reptililie. In that event there is ne reason to
Shanghai until alter the departure of our gin-' 101
et on the negneente ti, Mall. 1 mere ...res of arbitrary power. Even the !simile that the just claims of our citizens
later to Peking, and these conventions could 'll !dint Ido not deem it proper nit the press- le:ounce of ju s tice ins not been safe from eon- would lie salinities' null *desolate redress car
net therefore be exclumgrii at th e satne•time I ,
gip neenflioll tp gp forther iuni Gm mul t ert.' Ind, and a recent decree of Miratnen tiernuitst; tained for the injuries itifiictel upon theist.-.,
with the principal treaty. No dolitt is elitcr- 1 •
and delouse the weight wineli merle to be at- I the intervene .1 - ir.Ternincht in all suits 1 The eetietitutitnuil gevernmeet have ever
taiued that they a ill Le ratified cud exchanged
be the Chinese Government, shenla this lie
tnelied to the inurement* of the British utile- where Whew pony he a fereig icr. Vossels of ' reins-est a strong desire to sle us justice, and
tboughtativisable; hut, under thecirenmatances 1 " int
Guth/entitle emenstiaig the necurney of i mite United States have been seized without I this might he secured in estrange by a pre
presented, I shall consider them binding en- the information ono Wl.lOl the gellnut•Getiernl law, end a consular officer who preteettel limistary treaty.
' '
gageznents from their date on both Darden and anted, it was due to 1,1111 that Isl 1.1 thus ag a inst such. sexuro has been fined inel inn' It mar be said that these meaeerste will, at
cause them to be published as such tor the in- : present tie Ilriiimh atalsoritieti on Vistictiu priesmed fur disreispert to the antiewities.— heist indirectly. lie ineonsistent with sear wise
formation and gulch nee of our mer,linuts tad-, sec's Island fneu eeereteing iurissliethel Duct. I Military contributions hare been letial in' stud seeded islise- net to interfere in the de.
lag with the Chinese empne. - ; American roads nts on the ;shoal of Son Juan, vielatims of every principle of right. n o d die t mastic concerns effetreiget endows, But 'nee;
i t a ff or d s me mu d s set ee eet i en t o i u ta te , ;as well as to protect them against the issestle Ammer:in who resisted the lawh'auu demand not the preeent case fairly constiteito an ex
you that all diffienhies wish the /soil re of 1 Sinus of the. Indians: has run his peeper/ forcibly taken ewuy.; eeptiosi ? An adjoining repetition( in astute j
Paraguay hare been satisfactorily adjusted.—, Much exetemetit prevhiled fee now...time I awl hits been
It happily did not Leanne- uteessary to employ.' Oren:bout that retue , and serious danger' filet of nutherity in different parts of the; has pelmet) a hull; unable to extricate 'herself.;
the force for this purpore is hich Congress had ' of cellieion leen eels the partied was appre- 1 eountrne tariff dutieswhich hate been paid in : She is entirely demituteof the power ta main-,
placed at my command, under theWjnint ret‘o- belated. Tile British had nem e.' . naval furor piece 'tore L. ea exacted over again iii 1 tans pease, eisen her borders, or to prevent the :
intim' of 2d June, Isate t e e t h e contrary, the ;in the sienuity nand it is but nunet of sample , =ether place. Large nuiuners ureter 'Athens* ;neural tttt sof banditti inns our territory. • In 1 ,
President of that repel:lie. in is friendly spirit, ; justice to the Admiral on !het station to 'stale have been arrested mid imprieuned without ' her fate awl in her relents—Ai l her potter to
acceded promptly to the pat and atitessa.able Witt be wise.), ansrdiscreetly forehnreto rem -
.; nay form ;if exa • .ation nr any epportinsity I mitalaisli an I manstain a settnel geveentuentee•
demands of the Government of the tetiitca t ta l l a h,:li
oatsl e act, lint determined to refer I for a beerier*. and even when released have ` we have a far deetwr interest, socially, *tut- 1
States. Our commissioner anis mint AeßtiMia- ,'
flie Wh7denirair to his got eminent and await ' only tdataisiel their liberty after tuucli suffei- usereially, and politically than any ether un
non, the capital or the republic, on the rah of thet i • • !
' r iistructions. line and injury and without any Wipe of re-; tient. She is maw a wreak twin the ocean,
January, nag, and left it oft the 17th of Feliru- , . 1 . 1 .- i..
Is aspect et the metter, in my opinion . ' diet', The wholesale tnassasee of Cathie 1 drifting &mattes she is itnnelha lir diffineent 1
dry, having in three weeks ably and successful- I demanded se rious attentiltn. It would lies u and his nsaucintes aithout trial in Sonora. , factious. A. peal neighissir, shall we not I
ly accomplished all the oljests of his mission. ~
The treaties which be has roeeluded will lie " ftr: a great ealemity for Lin undone lad; as well as the seizure and murder of lour , exterel to her a helping liana to save her? Ili
1 they been pt:*Opitatetl into 'dill lo wilily I sick Americans who had tnkets shelter in the we do not. it would not be eurtsrisine should 1
immediately submitted to the Senate. . i
'' e lion of title to the ;slam! but'
,hoe's of an American, upon die soil of the Snlito saner tuition undestake the ta s k, mull
In the view that the empleyincist of ether I —• '" ""' ‘ 4 ' -: '. *
merely coteeruing, what shoul d . be its condi- , Gaited States, u • as eon' ; 1
mune-ate.. to Ven t re...es thus fierce us t o interfere at last, under eir- :
than peaceful means might Income necessary
y . ; tints dining the intervening ler t... 1 A Ildizt the ;et this last session . Murder, of a still m ire e ttt tt ..taneies of he:reseed difficulty. for the;
to obtain "jut antlafaction" front Para:,
two psverntu is might he eurip o •ed in act, atroensue character have been committed ill Mri iteliallee of our estahlished policy. j
a strong navel force was eoucesstrated in the
waters of the La Plata to await contingentire, Slieg the qua isml6 which of them it belongs, the very heart of Mexieo,ninder the suit u ity I t C l i e nt tho reesimmenslution contained in ;
whilst our commissioner ascended the riser .1:or this red ti Lieut. Gen. beset Lieu t . Villa iltili• id, Minsmon'R gesertiment, during the prsseiss my last Ilia° ti IllleaSaga th a t authority may_
to Assumption : The .Niter 'Department is r4-,atrhea on the 17th Sept. lase to Washington
,sear. S este of these %%ere (.111y is orinar of a b e g iven ne the President to oetablisli one or
entitled to great credit for the presuptiss-sa ,
erritere in take immediate consum' of the Isabel-rues age., and, if they had not betel mere temporary military post• across the Mee- '
-
efficiency, and economy with whath this ex- 17)144 States feta.. un the Peertle avast should clearly protein would bete seemed impessi. ' jean Ijllo in S. a and Ciiihneinia, where
peditinn was fitted out and pondueted, It lie deem this necessary. The Illiall of jest of the in. a country which Clailliri to be cis itized. ' these moth be uroessary to Prating the fives 1
consisted of nineteen arrnea veetels, great aiid ,
his mission Was to carry out the spirit of the Of this description was the breedm
uetecre ' and property of American end 31exican eiti.
small, carrying 200 guns and ^SOO men. all . precautionary arrnit e cinent Letereeti the late in .Ipril ,last, le. order of Gen. Marquez, of zens anainet the iacureione and depredatiuns
under the corumand ante veteran and gallant ; St
.creetry of Stateittid the British Minister, three American plicsieiati., who were se zed of the Indians, as wal as of lowlossirnVer4 WI
Shubrick. The entire expenses of the exile-, and thus to preset-%c tit teace mid tires cue in the hu.ritul at Teittlut3a while ..ttesolitig th a t resnotermnion. The e..t.titishment qr , ma
dition have been defrayed opt of the ordinary , collision between the British and American tirain the sink and the sb log 0f both paniC.., such pus: nt a point culla' Arispe, in S morn.
appropriations for the ;meal service, except, authorities pending the ergetiatien, between and without trial, as uitheut erinke, wore in a ',minter MAY Rinio , t depopulated by the
the sum of $'280,000, applied to the purchase the two governments. hurriod away to speedy execution. Little hostile inneele of tho nets ill• from our silo of
of seven of the steamers, con•tituting a part' Entertaining no doubt of the validity of our , lees shocking was the recent fete .f orinond the line, would. is is iselierea, have prevented
of it, under the authority of the nave. appro• title, I need scarcely add that in any es cot, Chest, who was shot at Tcpie on the 7th of wi tc h napery mid many cruelties duririn tho
priation act of the 3d 'Al . :itch Inst. It is be- j American citizens were to be placed on a August, by order of the same Mexican Gene- past sermon. ,
licred that thee; steamers are wort) more ftsit . ing at least as favorable as that of British ; ral , not only without a trial, but without nity ; A state ••f lawleeennne and violence Pl:merle '
than their oust, and they are all new usefully , sitnneta. t i r being understood that Captain ' conjecture In his friends of the cause of his on that distant frontier. Life and property
and actively empl need in the naval service. Pickett's tionipany !should remain on the is-, arrest, Ile is represented as a young nisei of ' are there wholly insteure. The populatiou
The appearance of so large a force, fitted la n d. I good character and intelligence, who had of Arizona, now numbering more than_ ton
out in such a prompt planner ; in the far die- It Is proper to obserlithat, nonsldering the I made numerous; friends in Tepio by the tour- thousand s o uls, are practically deetitsffie iif
tent waters of the La Plats, and the admira- I distance from the scene of !tenon, and in ig-• age and humanity which he had distilnved on : gorernment, ',flaws, oral any regular admin-
tile conduct of the officers and men employed I norance of whet might bine tranepireti on amend trying occasions, and his death was; ',teethes of justice. Murder, repine, and utle
in it, have had n happy effect in favor of our! the spot before tie General's arrival, it was as unexpected its it was sk k ickin t s, to the whole! er crimes are committed AS ith impunity. I, :
country throughout all that remote portion of I necessary to leave much to his discretion, and I community. Other outrages might be climes- ' age therefore,in ca ll the attention al Congress
the world. ;I am hippy to state the event proves that ; crated, but these are sufficient to illustikte ; i yfur e. a isoing a urrt nem
to the necesst t hi . ' ' • t 't '1 '
Our relations with the great empires of
Franee and ituaria, •e well as with all other
governments on the continent of Europe, un
less we may expect that of happily
oznt .
continue to uf the most friendly character.
In my last annual message I presented a
statement of the unsatisfactory condition of
our relations - with Spain"; and 1 regret to say
that this has nut materially improved. With
gut sp!cial reference to other claims, even
the " r
,üban claims," the payment of _which
has been ably argued by our ministers. and
in which more than alingdred - of our citizens
are directly interested: remain unsatisfied,
notwithstanding both theirjostioe and their
amount 0121).985 54 had been recognised
and ascertained by the Spanish government
itself. •
I again recommend that an appropriation
bet' made "to be paid to the Spanish govern
ment for the ptirpeiste of diatribotion among i
the claimants u the Amiated ease." In com
mon with two of my predecessors, I entertain ' ,
no doubt that that this is required by nor
treaty with Spain of the 27th October, 1755. '
The tailors- tollischarge this obligation 'Lae',
been employed by the cabinet of Madrid iwi '
a reason against the-settlement of our claims.]
I need not repent Itte grgureita witieli I
urged is my leo. *vocal Wallop in Loren.' of :
the acquisition of Cuba by fair purpose. M y '
opinions on that measure Ilemain unchang
ed. I' theref(!re n again inyite Lour littio4l,
span** to Otio :important putnect. Without
aTeeiognition of this policy cinciarpart li '
will be Ore* impossible lo institute e l / 2 n:l
dation, with any reseonable . liCJl of egpr:noc.
11411 &recent period there was gond rejeon
to belliorl ' ttuti I- should be able'tia sp acpkounos
1 60
to yen present occasion tirifblir did•
' saki& irditt - flint titan, arisiitit!f t
thif
Claykoa sad woo treaty. ball li
adkutatil in i a manner alike honor
eitelefickoiy tis lip* parties i , From *toes,
binkrefir, which The Iltritisk govertilneat bad
aot naticlpalid, they • -10 set yet imakpletod I
voiadels,
is Vith aw . iiiimbrbas Id
, M l4l- - ' i'imisa. is tierNaos Of
do , • betirfia !im* lt. =
17 .
tilit this. • irofir *it iillrlht
c I. pliebevf.
.-4,5,
this discretion could not have Leen intrusted
to more ocinpetent hands. General Scott has
recently returned from his mission, having
successfully accomplished its objects, and
there is no longer any good reason to appre
hend a collision between the forces of the two
countries during the pendency of the existing
negotiations.
I regret to inform you that there has been
no improvement in the affair., of :italic° since
my last aupnal message, andl_ am again
obliged to ask the earnest atteotion or run :
gresa .to the unhappy condition of that re
public.
The constituent Congress of Vex icu,'which
adjourned on the 17th of rehrs,7 l 1 85 1 ,
adopted a Constitution andprovided or a
popular election. This took phials in the fol
lowing July [i857,3 and q.peraj Commonfurt
was chomp rresidkolt, nopt without oppo
eition. e kt the stamp electiori a new Congress
was chosen, whose Arm session commenced on
the 16th of September, 0847.1 B y . the Con
stiq'.`itipe of 18o7.the Presidential term was to
begin on the }it of psoomber. (11337,1 and
continue for 4 years.. Oa this der (;ten. Cote.
moprort appeared before the assembled Con
gress ip the city of Mexico, took the oath to
support the new minstitution, and was duly
inaugurated its President.
Within a month afterwards hp had been
driven from the capital, and a military rebel
lion had assigned the supreme peeler of the
republic to Gen. Zulspipi. The constitution
provided that in the absence a the President
his office should devolre upon the Phis& Jus
tine of the Sppretne Coast, and Oen. Common
tort having titt the logatry, this tuttetioaarT.
Qin . iliallei, proceoad to Nrcp.st
.uaniivatu,
a constilat oval goViltlfrili. fore Itlji
was otheiilly known, howirvert the eaPi .
j e
Ulf psi, meet Of Zalosgi had been :mot
lard by the iwniitt plomatic In*, rapi d
;*
dethe Maio'? Of the Putted Stateit, as 'll/4
ds !onto an ent of Mexico. ' The
ttlfgoodPeetd‘rat. assert/Weil, ' • '
hie. . COI Grans% ied'wea-siett eir
tablltitioTfritk i his celiac* st. Via cnist •
ittPialkitik. the etlebele was
.. )63 " 11 1:_ , .:.. • : 44416 T:7110 414,
!Juno Fere decis teriaintted, hid ha es.'
EMMIIM
the wretched state of the cJuntry and the
unprotected condition of the persons aud prop
erty of our eitizels in Mexico.
In all these eases our ministers hays •been
eonstaut and faithful - in their aeo:nide for
redress, but both they and this Government, i
which they have succesgively represented,
have been wholly powerless to make their
demands effective, Their testimony iu 044
respect, and in reference to the wily remedy
which, in their judipents, would meet the
etigeney, had bests both uniform and emphrt- I
tie. . !. Il l otiiing but a manifestation of the
power of the Guveriunent of the United States" ;
(wrote our late minister in 1856) "and of its
purpose to punish those wrongs will avail.—
I assure you that the universel belief here is
that there ie nothing to be apprehended from
the Government of the United States, and tbat
local Mexican ambits can commit these out
rages upon American citizens with absolute!
impunity.. "I hope - the President" (wrote
oar. present migistsr in August last) •' will
feel authorised, to ask from Congress the pow-1
sr to eater Mexico with the military forces of 1
the United State*, at the call of the constitu-
tinsel authorities, in order to protect the eiti- 1
seas mail Ap treaty rights of the United.Staies. I
Unless twat a power is conferred upon him,'
neither the one nor the ethei will be respec
ted in the existing state of anarchy and disor
der, 104 the outrages already perpetrated will
never be chastised ; and, as I assured you in
my No. 123, all these evils must inereosie now
every vestige of urder-and gurearateat 4iilfip
pears from the eouutry." I have been »hie.:
tacitly led 'to the same dOhioh• and, lb jetties
to my seunta-gam who hare intend wrongs
from Musics rd who may still suffer them,
I feel boon4Wr announce this tiongluAeo t o
c v Ni p
_y eee nted. however, • ass seetAx
a ease of failigidual • claims, eilebou g h ow
just elahaps :against ,ideitiso ago. wiiiiitad a
e er y . Ism aasusdat. Nur i ll it.
coy Of fiorStlpe#ii to dui tirls and o f
the few. Who 011!.rernalw is
3t
iiii
4 ght
tilt • thia saidgiorik el away 4Saer.
. ' fati tO . asCrOdly proteet4 hi
11 . • I•tihe F ta-UVro,
r ,„ 12,
present tie infiewstly at leant, whole eu t our
CM
government over Arizona.
The treaty with Nicara g ua of the 16th
February, 13(.7, to whichl referred in my
last annual rummage. failed to reoeire the r4t
tfication of the government of that republit.•
for reasons which I need not enumerate. A
similar treaty hr. been since concluded be
tween the parties hearing date on the "Itith
March, 1559, which has been already ratified
by the Nicaraguan Congress. This will be
.inimediacely submitted to the Senate fur their
ratification. Its provisions cannot, I think,
fail to be acceptable to the people of both
countries.
Our claims against the governments of Cos
ta Rica and Nicaragua remain unredressed,
though they an prowled in an earnest man
ner, and not without hope of suoness.
I deem it to he my ditty once inure earnestly
In recommend to Congress the peerage of a
law authorising the President to employ the
naval force at his command, tor the porpoise
of protecting the lite', and property of Amer
ican cutistms passing in transit morose the Pun- j
&ma, Nicaragua, and Tehuantepec routes, 1
slip/dins sudden and lawless outbreaks mid
depredatioua. r shall not repeat the sin
meats employed in former message, in
support of this measure. &Sot it to spy that
the lives of many of our people, and the mom
ritr of vast amounts of treasure passing and
repaving over one or more of those routes be
tweet the Atlantic and Pacific, maybe dee ? .
ly ineolsrysl in the actiqtt of coprees on this
wilttlect.
I would, also, again rscooreild to Con
gress that authority be given to the Meidiet
to impiety tbs naval force to protect Ameri
can merchant teasels, th eir airs, and
floes, against violent and bullets poilarq and
ognieltatton in the ports of Motto° sad the
Preanteh - .Xatericain States wilco flame . Donn
erste may be be a dietarbedisnd retehattoeltrY
Oliffiett.. The mere knowledge that task
an Vty had been 'coribirred, as,l hats I
ai t ri thimi
gated, would of Ong, in a groat d.-
ref.- amens the evil. Neither raid us e
gatia met wva lrio rrn anY es.9l4l7 o4 4 4, 477 simi,se rtatql Wale
eisit Odes jp, -
is trtnatei odr OZI or,
-
FM
BIiMEXC2
striotlyspeskriss; ' C Ai
the Esseutivo. I
would, of eourse,ho
eaaminatiali, how.,
Wm at resit.
Congress poseeeses the eels and itzelostr•
power, under the constitution, "to dialer a
war." They alone eau "raise and sittppnrt
armies," and "provide and maintain a navy."
But after Congress shall have decisnid war.
and provided the force necessary to carry It
on, the President.. as Commander-in-Chief of
the Army and Nary, can alone employ this
force in making war ahainst the enemy.—
this is the plain language, and history
Proves that it was the well-known intention.
or tha (ranters iJ the Constitution. •
it will not bp denied that the peneral
"power to deUbitre wise is without limitation,
end embraces within itself not only_ That
c
writers or. the law of nation," tan; a Ilisfjc OF
perfect war, but also ap lippprfpq . p-.—lptiO,
in short. every species of bandit,: lever
confined or limited. Without the an °Ali
of Congress the President cannot lire a bet ;
tile gun in any eine, except to repel theat 7
' tacks of an enemy. It will not bp gonbk`il
that under this power Congress could, if die,
thon_tht proper, authorize the President to
em pl o y the fort:te at his command to eels. a
vessel belotigl!!g to an American citisim whielt
had been illegally 1,0 unjustly c optured is a
' foreign port and restore It toi ts owner... i But can Congress only act after thp Istet-,:a.
' ter mischief has been done? 'fare they no
power to confer upon the President the itii-
J Mork', in advance to furnish instant redress
should such a case afterwards occur? Must
!they NI nit until the mischief has been dune,
and curt they apply the remedy only when it
lis too late ? To confer this authority to meet
' future cases under circtinistanees strictly
sEoci 40 / is al 54eIr4y Within the weNitielstr
, Jim., power as such an authority conferred
upon the President by act of Congress after
the deed is done. In the progress of a great
iiiiitimi piny "xivencien must arise imPsita:
tively rrquiring dna Coliiirpss should author :
Ise the President to act promptly on °arab
coniliti,;pn which may or may nut afterwards
larise. Our history has already presented .t
i number of 4 uch eases. i eliallrefer only to the
' latest.
Oyler the rettokition of dune 2n3.
"fO; the adjustment of difficulties with tlip
republic of Paraguay." the President is "au:—
thurized to adopt such mettsurss cod use such
force as in his judgmemit ntay to names:di
and advisable in the event of a retusal of just,'
satisfaction by the government of Paraguay."
"Just satisfaction). tit- . what ? Fur "the
attack on the tuited gtates stemma ever
Witch," and "other matters raterro thy
annual message of the President." Ilere the
power is expressly granted upon the conditiou
kind the government of Paragui shall refuse
to render this "just satisfaction." In this
and other simihir emotes Congress hie cvm :
ferre I upon the liresiden't power in advance
di - employ the army und navy upon the hap
' petting of contingent future sieve ; and t h ti
most certainly is embraced witton 44p poster
to doclt t ru war,
' Pei*. if this c o nditional and conting:nt'
power email be cunstittltiunally conferreg
; upon the President in ilie eat, nrifarnunYOh.r
ma y it um .t be conferred for the purpose 'ov
protecting the lives and property of Ameri
; ean citizens in the event that the" 'slay Ist
violently and unlawfully attacked in paiSiug
over the transit routes to and from Cxlifortiix t
or assailed by time sei;ure of their vessels in
a foreign port? To deny this power is to
render the 'levy in a great degree useless for
1 , the protection of the lives and primperly of
• .tmerican citizens in countries where neither
protection tuts redress can Ile otherwise ob-
tainud.
The Thirty-fifth Congress terminated On
the of March, IM3, NvithiAq haviit4;
passed the 'tact making approprfatiogje lot
the service df the Rett Office Department 4it
rittz the Racal year ending the &Oth June,
BOO." This act also contained on apnr
, qn minify defluienuies in the reve.aile
of the Poet Office Department fur the yeir
ending the 3Oth of June. 1+5 4 3." I I,Jeliert;
this is the first instance time the origin of
I the Fesleral !lover:meta, now inure than sev
enty years ago, when any Congress went out
of esi-tense without having passed all the
;tonere' 4 ppripriati.iti bills neceemers to carry
on the gur er a meat until the regular period
for the meeting of a now Congress. This
event impmeil tin the Executive a grave re-
Sposisibility. It pressmen choice of elite*
RA the osnission of duty occurred at tioi
first session of the last Congress the reined , /
would have been plain. I might them have
linstantly ree-slleil them tit outottiltatt weir
wookseand this without expenie to the flgli-,
j eruntent. Ile on the 4th of Mare!) lame them
were fifteen of the thirty-three States which
I hail ant elected any renresentativiss to r".
I present fengress. Dail Oongress been cater.
itogether insult:46oy. these States wouti
have been virtitallv disfrnnehised. If an in
j ternietliate peritsl 'hail been selected, severs!
o f th e St a tes would have been compelled tit
bob( extr m sessions of their legislattiras. at
' great ineonvettience and expense, to ['revile
for elections :it an earlier day than that pre
,' viou-dy fixed by law. In flip regular course i
ten of theto.Stateat. wnuld not ilect until after
1 the 'beginning of August. and five of theme
ten rn,t until October nod Naveinber.
On the tither hand, when I came to exam
ine carefully the condition of the Post Office
Department, I did not meet as many or ns
great difficulties Ils I hail apprehended. liad
the bill which failed been confined to appro..
prim:ions for the fistl year ending the 30th
June next, there would have been otireason
of pressing inusirtunce for the call of an ex-,
. tea session. N, thing would become dye uit
• oontracts (those with railroad companies only
excepted) for carrying the mail for the first
quarter of the present fiscal year, commen
cing "Il the I•it of July, vital the Ist of De
.comber—less than one week before-the meet
ing of the present Congress. The reason
is that the mail contractors for this the cur
; s rtnie icetnol
veer i did not complete their first quarter's
ery
the 3‘hil of September last; and
by the terms of their costracts sixty days
more are allowed for the settlement of their
acennins before the Ihipartineut weld be eel-.
led upon for p.nyment.
The great difficulty and the great hardship
I stinsisted in time failure to provide or. the pay
;went of the deficiency in the fiseal year etti
din; the 30th June, 1859. The Department
I had sniped into contracts, in Obedience ti
existing laws, for the service of that fiscal
year, and the contractors were fairly entitle.'(
to their compensation as it became due. The
'deficiency as stated in the bill &tweeted to
$3,838,7•20, but, after a careful settlement of
all these aecouned it has been assertained
that it amounts to 442940)0. With the
scanty means at his ounnneed. the Postmas
ter General has managed te pay that portion
of his deficiency which escorted in the first
two quarters of that fi scal yeari ending on the
31et Demn— ber last.
In the mean time the ilosirsetors thligliel
; vss, under these trying cureamstanoe, hare
behaved in a manner worthy of all cowmen
j dation. They haul one resonres in the midst
jof their embarrassments. After the amount
i due to each of them had been aseertainesi
and finally sealed aooording to har, this be;
came a specific debt of record aiainit the
United States, which enabled them to burro*
monery on this unquettioaahle security. Still
the; were obliged to pay interest in comes
queues. of the default pf Congress, and ovi
every principle orbital's ought to receive in
terest from the government. This isterili
shooed ouguossatia five the date when a was.
rent would have issued ft. Shit payassal of the
principal bad an appmprkdrust_. been made
for this - yurpoie. Calasdisual
,up to Ist Di.
comber. It will le* . upset 56A40. 0 " own
Rut to be takes llio seeseat villa aositropied
with si t tritMesAbas sad essisinasenseeSs
eta siii tr i lzr -=. ter, ,both 41 01,
poop tht would hies flt
salted a, issirgorej aed boldia' g is *NW
sesalue at Caiompi.; ' '
Ter shame - mew I namoarlped the
4).14 sa as well a 47'114 *ay be=
sweetisrprends lOW the Mart et Ale
sampust,
with
(stem* die Oleo§
tissid wavatisakiir, as Ana as Se sitliVS
Siii - ' ll" & ig at c ="t hr k r .0 i 11"1° ,
beet ran ' - -