JAPAN FIGHTING
HARD IN WAR FOR
WORLD MARKETS
Has Made Tremendous Strides
in Manufacturing and Ex
porting Since 1914.
HER INDUSTRIES THRIVING
fHas Captured Markets Held by Other
Nation*—Trade to Australia Quad
rupled—Building 600,000 Tons of
Shipping to Handle Export Expansion
In the past few years Japan has 'in-
Cergone a tremendous industrial devel
pment The enormous progress made
Jby her in manufacturing and export
ing since the outbreak of the war is
• little realized in this country.
It Is not fully recognized that Japan
fee gradually changing from an agricul
tural to an industrial country, and that
W her new drive to win some of the
fcreign markets she has captured con
arte arable of the business which was
formerly held by this country. The
jsreat expansion of her foreign trade
wince I#l4 is shown by the official re
journs of her trade in 1916.
Cxportt Far in Excess of Imports.
During that year tiie total value of
Imports was 756,600,000 yen, being an
of 224,000,000, while the ex
ports for ths same period amounted to
yen, being an increase of
bsbout 419,090,000 yen. The actual ex
of exports orer Imports for the
[jnear was tT1.000,000 yen, as compared
£rlth 170,000,000 yen for 1916.
The changed position which has
taken place since the beginning of the
war may be seen from the fact that
Dor the year 1914 there was actually
m excess In the value of the imports
«ver exports of about 4,500,000 yen.
Cotton manufacture Is one of her
Ejprlncipal industries, and the statistics
•how that the average number of spln
jple* working dally In Japan in 1914
Idthe latest available ysar). was nearly
S.SOO.OWO. Wool manufacture was not
parried on before the war to any great
jesxtent, taut It has now received a con
derable Impetus, and Japanese fac
>rles are executing orders from the
ussisn Government.
The production of iron and steel —
)feoth in government and private works
■.—has also been very considerable, the
feest iron ores being Imported from
fThlna. Japan has some 600,000 tons
jtVf shipping now under construction,
pad the industry is In a flourishing
Condition. Her merchant marine con
sists of 2,170 steamers of 1,704, 786
(tons, and 9,187 sailing ships of 672.403
Ocean-going steamers exceeding
tI.OOOO tons number 448, With a total
tonnage of 1,428,212 tons. Thirty-nine
'fcre&n-golng steamers ef 140,28$ tons
Iwere launched from Japanese yards in
f»91«
Way Use American Machinery.
It might be added that Japan is now
Evestigatlng the possibility of using
merican cotton-spinning machinery
their mills. The extent of purchases
Already decided on Is estimated at
•00.000 spindles.
How her credit stands may be seen
jffrom the fact that her 4% per cent,
loan is quoted on the London Stock
Rxchange at 91%, yielding at that
jjsrlce, interest of nearly 6 per cent.
Great Britain's 4% P«r cent, loan Is
quoted at so we see how the rela
tive positions of the two countries
Ihave changed since 1914. Before that
fateful time no one would hare
'dreamed of comparing the two credits.
Already Japanese manufacturers
lhave quadrupled their exports to Aus
tralia. Ships which in the past aver-
Sged a cargo of 460 tons now bring to
ydnoy 2,600 tons. The Japanese have
{captured a great deal of the trsde once
lifirmly held by American, British, Ger
man and French exporters. In the silk
market they nave won the premier
lyoaition, and Australian shops are now
'filled to overflowing with cheap Jap
anese silks.
The following Japanese goods are
mow sold with great success in the
Australian market: Glasses, scientific
•instruments, silks. Panama hats, cot
tons. toys, insulators, electric light ap
paratus, camphor, sulphur oil, matcbes,
*>aeketware, rubber tires, bottles, pot*-
celain.
Japan's rapid Industrial and com
mercial strides will serve to intensify
the formidable competition which the
.American manufacturer will have to
meet both In domestic and foreign
markets after the war. They afford
another striking proof of the necessity
Ifor restoring friendly relations be
tween capital and labor, securing few
mr and better business laws and
moulding a better public attitude to
ward business so that American in
dustry may be rid of its harassments
and made strong for the trade fight
after the restoration of peace.—lndus
trial Conservation, New York.
Feeling the Public Pulse.
A board of trade or chamber of com
merce can render vital service to a
community by aiding in the passage
®f laws which tend to make the com
munity more prosperous. In that re
spect the organisation acts as an in
terpreter, helping to translate the
aeeds aiLi the desires of tne people
' into laws that will encourage, rather
than discourage, business enterprise.
-—lndustrial Oonsorvation, New York.
ZOTTON GOODS COMPANY
BUILDING MODEL CITY.
Constructing 100 Cottages with Hospi
tal, Library, School and
Meeting Hall.
A big cotton goods manufacturing
company with offices in New York
City and a million-dollar plant at Pas
gale, N. J., recently completed the pur
chase of 300 acres of land, comprising
the whole village of Allwood, near
Passaic, and begun the construc
tion of a model industrial city.
Almost a thousand men are em
ployed In the Passaic f last, which will
be abandoned. Plans are to have a
city of about 3,600 population. One hun
dred cottages will be built. There will
be a hospital, library, school, and
meeting hall. Twenty homes for su
perintendents are to be put up at once.
Homes will be purchased on monthly
payments.
Social welfare workers, architects,
and industrial leaders have given ad
vico to the president of the mills. His
plan is regarded as the mort advanced
step of the kind, in some respects, that
has been taken in this country.
The present mill has rest rooms,
nurses, and a dining hall. Dances have
been given there every Saturday eve
ning throughout the winter. There
have been practically no labor trou
bles.— Industrial Conservation, New
York.
USE OF LEISURE TIME
A FACTOR IN SUCCESS.
Time Not Spent In Working, Eating
or Sleeping May Determine
Efficiency.
"How do you spend your leisure
time?" is the question which appears
on the application blanks for employ
ment In some of the largest business
houses today. To some this may seem
an unnecessary intrusion on the pri
vate life of the individual, but the way
in which a worker utilizes the interval
between 5 and 8 p. m. and 8 or 9 a. m.,
as well as his holidays and Sundays,
has an important bearing on his effi
ciency. Dull heads and unsteady
hands, which are often the by-products
of misused leisure hours, are distinct
liabilities in any work, whether it be
mechanically routine or of the sort
that requires judgment and adapta
bility.—lndustrial Conservation, New
York.
HOW TO SAVE A BILLION A YEAR.
Co-operation Between Wage-Earner
and Wage-Payer Will Save
an Enormous Loss.
There is an estimated waste of a
billion dollars annually in industry in
the United States, due to labor trou
bles. This billion dollars could better
be employed to the advantage of both
the man who hires and the man who
Is hired. Capital can gain no advan-1
tage by fighting labor, and labor can
gain no advantage fighting capital.
The result of the battle is always an
expensive draw.
On all sides, however, are to be
found evidences that both parties have
begun to realize the futility of endless
frlctioo. — Industrial Conservation, Vew
York.
THE HUMAN NOTE IN INDUSTRY
WW Be Most Strongly Aocsntuated In
Coming Year®, Says Edison.
"Problems in human engineering,"
predicts Thomas A. Edison, the elec
trical wizard, "will receive during the
coming years the same genius and
attention which the nineteenth century
gave to the more material forms of
engineering.
"We have laid good foundations for
industrial prosperity. Now we want
to assure the happiness and growth of
the workers through vocation educa
tion and vocational guidance and
wisely managed employment depart
ments. A great field for Industrial ex
perimentation and statesmanship Is
opening up."— lndustrial Conservation,
New York.
NIED FOR LOYAL WORKERS.
Men Who Will Exert Best Efforts to
Help Win War.
It would be lmpossiole to overesti
mate the importance of labor in its re
lation to the war, and the necessity for
every worklngman to give his best ef
forts In order not to handicap the gov
ernment in Its work of carrying the
war to a successful termination.
The loyal American workingman
may be depended upon to do his full
duty If he is not led by the mistaken
policies of his leaders to do the things
which his own conscience and his own
reason tell him are wrong.— lndustrial
Conservation, New York.
USE OF LEISURE TIME
A FACTOR IN BUCCESS.
Use of Time Not Spent In Working,
Eatlnq or Sleeping May Determine
Worker's Efficiency.
"How do you spend your leisure
time?" is the question which appears
on the application blanks for employ
ment in some of the largest business
houses today. To some this may seem
an unnecessary Intrusion on the pri
vate life of the individual, but the way
in which a worker utilizes the inter
val between 5 or 6 P. M. and 8 or 9
A. M., as well as his holidays and Sun
days, has an important bearing on his
eficiency. Dull heads and unsteady
hands, which are often the byproducts
of misused leisure hours, are distinct
liabilities in any work whether it be
mechanically routine or of the sort
that requires judgment and adaptabil
ity.— Industrial Conservation, New
York.
All the Kings In the World
(Industrial Conservation, New York.)
taking "Friendly" Advice;
Parable of the Good Mule Samson
If you should ever, visit Prosperity
Town —and we sincerely hope you will
some day—drop in to see our stanch
friend Samson. True, Samson is only
a mule, but he's some pumpkin in
Prosperity Town. Unlike his biblical
namesake he doesn't go around pulling
down temples or killing Philistines
with the jawbone of his deceased fa
ther Moreover, when he has had a
3
J
■ f
p 0 jy n
? -err. T* J ""
I «»
"What Alls Him?"
share, a shampoo, and a haircut, our
Samson is as strong, nay, stronger
than ever.
Samson Is a good, constructive citi
zen. It's his job to run the treadmill
that turns the wheels of industry. If
Samson should quit his job all the fac
tories in Prosperity Town would have
to close their doors, and factories, by
the way, are the mainstay of Prosperi
ty Town. Any time you nappen to
pass the treadmill you can see Samson
doing his standing marathon. He nev
er seexns to tire at his job. There are
folks in Prosperity Town who think
that Samson, as an industrial factor,
is capital, but we hesitated to stated
the fact for fear you might accuse us
of trying to perpetrate a pun.
Samson's driver is a man Public, an
intelligent, well meaning person who is
just beginning to get along famously
with Samson. There was a time, how
ever, when Public was so engrossed
with the affairs of his numerous fam
ily that he hadnt much time left for
the occupation which gave him his in
come, and mule driving requires study
just like medicine, military tactics,
i mixing mint juleps or any of the other
I exact sciences.
Something happened recently, How
ever, which caused Public to take a
keener interest in his job. He was
nome eating lunch one day when a
man named Agitator, a former resident
it Prosperity Town, passed the tread
iftill of Industry, and, seeing that it
unguarded, thought it would be a j
?ood Joke on Public to put a few kinks
In the machinery. It wasn't a sense of
i humffr alone that gave Agitator his in
i spiration. He saw that he might make
his little joke pay. You see, he owned
a hardware store in Prosperity Town,
where he kept in stock a fine line of
hammers, axes and other implements
that can be used to advantage in
J knocking and tearing down. He hoood
• 4
M W V ft. V VJr® w « v
that Public, who didn't know muoh
about machinery, would get disgusted ;
with the treadmill when he found that
it didn't work properly and would buy
a few of Agitator's tools to ama-sh It up
with, for Public didn't have much pa
tience in those days. So Agitator got
a crowbar and worked industriously
around the treadmill for several min
utes, after which he brushed off his
clothes and went back to his hardware
store to wait for business.
A few minutes later Public returned
from lunch with a had attack of
gestloa and a grouch against mules
and treadmills in general. His 111 tem
per was increased by Samson's Inabili
ty to turn the treadmill at the accus
tomed rate of speed iPsor Samson
puffed and struggled, and manifested
all the other distressing symptoms of
hard work, but he couldn't keep up to
time. Public belabored him until his
arm was tired, and then, scratching
his head, he mused irritably.
wonder what alls that mule, any
how? He certainly gets enough to oat.
I've been feeding him right along on a
good rich diet of profits."
Scratching one's head has often been
known to stimulate a flow of brilliant
ideas, and Public, after continuing the
process several minutes decided to vis-
i
>' i
*M've Followed Everybody's Advice;
Now I'm Going to Take That Load
Off Altogether and Givs Him
His Old Diet."
It his friend Legislator, who ran a mill
down the road and who professed to
know all there was to be known about
muleology. Legislator was not only
willing but eager to give advice on
the subjeot.
"It's as plain as the nose on your
face what ails that mule," he said,
sticking his thumbs in the armholes of
his vest and shifting his cud, after the
fashion of sturdy Yankee lawmakers.
"You're feeding him too well, and
you're not giving him enough work.
Cut down his diet of profits and mix
some deficiency in his food. Then put
◦n his back several sacks of the excess
taxes I've just ground out of my mill."
Public, breathing a sigh of relief,
tried Legislator's prescription on Sam
son, but the treatment merely had the
effect of reducing the mule's energy
still further. After a few moments
more of head scratching, Public decid
ed to consult Agitator Agitator was
a wise man. At least he talked well,
and Public at that time was very sus
ceptible to oratory.
"•Certainly I'll help you with a little
expert advice," said Agitator, doing his 1
best to hide % grin. "It's apparent to
any thinking man that all Samson
needs is a fow hard knocks. There's
something complex about a mule's
psychology chat needs just that sort of
treatment. Now I can sell you a splen
did hammer to wallop him with. That
will administer the proper psychic
stimulus. Then I have some excellent
axle grease here, compounded of a mix
ture of labor trouble and industrial un
rest. Just rub a little of that Into the
machinery of the treadmill."
So Public bought the hammer and
the axle grease, which was really glue
incognito, and went back to Samson.
At heart Public was a kindly man, and
he felt that It was unnecessarily cruel
to hit Samson with the hammer, but he
had Implicit oenfldonce in Agitator, so
he spat on his hands and let Samson
have a few good ones, whleh nearly
broke the mule's back, but failed to
produce any tangible results In the
way ef Increased speed. Then as a
last resort Public took up the fake
axle grease, but as he was about to
rub It into the machinery he saw
something that made him hssltats and
then send for the repair man. Agita
tor, it seen a. had underrated his In
telligence.
"Well," raid Public, "I've takes the
advice of my friends" (strong accent
on ths friends), "but from now on I'm
going to use my own judgaaent."
So while the repair man straighten
ed out the kinks in the machine Public
pulled the bags of excess taxes from
Samson's back and treated the mule to
a good meal of his oustoaary food.
Presto! The mule bofaa to run, the
treadmill began to bun, and the board
of directors voted to raise Public's sal
ary for Increasing the prosperity of
Prosperity Town.
But that is not the end of the story.
Some enterprising sleuth linked up the
injury which had boon done to the
jT
"Nix on Friendly Advice."
treadmill with some of Agitator's oth
er activities, and the municipal au
thorities decided that they would ei
ther have to change the name of the
town or ask Agitator to leave. They
voted in favor of the latter alternative,
and one fine day the hardware dealei
was ridden in ststs os a rail to ths
outskirts of the city, where he wss
handed his passyorts. —Charles A. Rie
ser, Industrial Conservation, New
York.
CLOSER KINSHIP IS
THE NEW IDEAL IN
AMERICAN INDUSTRY
0
Harmony Between Men and Man
agement Recognized as a
Desirable Factory Asset.
IS NOW AN INVENTORY ITEM
Modern Manufacturer Cultivates Good-
Will of Workers—His Interest No
Longer Confined to Conversion of
Raw Material Into Finished Product.
No established business can operate
efficiently without inventory. The in
ventory tells the story of whether the
business is successful or otherwise.
You put almost everything you have in
an inventory, and the value that you
think the article bears in relation to
your business.
But there are many things which go
into the composite body of inventory
beside personal property. There is
the question of good will. There <s
the Item of the contentment of em
ployees. There is the question of the
relation of employer to employee.
There is the Item of the health hy
giene of artisans. And there is the
final item, which is always eloquent,
of whether or not the men who work
are better citizens in the community
in which they live.
The time has come and gone when
| manufacturers are exclusively inter
ested in converting raw into finished
product. The time has come when all
employers must be interested in the
quality of manhood of the men who
work.
Industrial conservation means the
preservation and protection of the
lives, liberties and rights of men in
industry as much as it does the pro
tection of the economic agencies of
manufacture. It npells industrial in
tegrity. The age of ruthless compe
tition is relegated to the past. The
interests of employees and employers
are not necessarily identical, but they
are mutual. If the humblest employee
i in any industry is not interested in
j the success of the concern for which
he works he should be eliminated. If
the executive of any large Industrial
concern is not interested In the hum
blest toller the executive should bo
eliminated.
The Meaning of Ce-operatlen.
The new idea in industry is a closer
kinship and deeper appreciation of the
necessity for mutuality and co-opera
tion. Co-operation means not merely
the physical co-otdinatton of Industry;
it means the spirit with which the la
bor is performed. Co-operation Is not
a question of wage or hours of labor;
it Is an agency fsr the the betterment
of employees, stockholders and offi
cers. If an Industrial concern rannot
manufacture good will, It ought to go
out of business.
Industrial conservation means mobi
lising industrial foross, both internal*
>y and externally. It moans preteo-
Uon, not in the tariff eenee of that
word, but in the tease of establishing
as industrial Rock of Gibraltar against
the international trade conditions
which wftl follow en the termination
of the Buropeaa war. The vast eoa
nomlc changes to follow the Euro
pean conflagration cannot be worked
out by a group of men. The test of
democraoy depends upon the contri
bution of everybody Interested In the
maintenance of democracy, independ
ent of political, sectional or racial
considerations.
Just as sometimes industrial plants
are reorganised, so now American in
dustry is undergoing a process of re
organisation. It Is no longer an age
of the brutality of competition, but of s
skill in bringing about qs-ordination.
Business now msans making bettor
mea and better conditions for labor,
more highly specialised vocational
training, and a non-provincial outlook
and realisation that the eventual great
ness of American industry cannot bo
measured In terms of dollars and
cents, but In terms of the manhood of
ths men who constitute tb*» fibre inter
woven in eur scheme of democrsey.
Welfare of Worker Censldsred.
Measures designed to reduce the
cost of accidents in industry, the high
est degree of safet, apparatus for
workmen, the study of fatigue and its
consequences on the operative, the de
velopment of the individual efficiency
of workmen, the problem of sickness
insurance, either through voluntary
or involuntary plans; the study of the
i economic factors involved In a shorter
working day, the standardisation of
cost systems— these and doaens of oth
er problems are all part and parcel of
I Industry today.— lndustrial Conseroo
-1 tion, New York.
LET YOUR ENTHUSIASM
HELP YOU WITH YOUR WORK.
Incresse Your Personsl Power by Put
ting Your Soul Into Your Job.
Enthusiasm is the dynamics of your
personality. Without it, whatever abil
ities you may possess lie dormant, and
it is safe to say that nearly every man
has more latent power than he has
ever learned to use. You may have
knowledge, sound Judgment. zor<] rea
soning faculties, but no no rv n
yourself—will know V ni'v ' dl
- how to put y'* >
thought and action. — Imlu > «.* { r>« # -
servaJion, New York.
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