JAPAN FIGHTING HARD IN WAR FOR WORLD MARKETS Has Made Tremendous Strides in Manufacturing and Ex porting Since 1914. HER INDUSTRIES THRIVING fHas Captured Markets Held by Other Nation*—Trade to Australia Quad rupled—Building 600,000 Tons of Shipping to Handle Export Expansion In the past few years Japan has 'in- Cergone a tremendous industrial devel pment The enormous progress made Jby her in manufacturing and export ing since the outbreak of the war is • little realized in this country. It Is not fully recognized that Japan fee gradually changing from an agricul tural to an industrial country, and that W her new drive to win some of the fcreign markets she has captured con arte arable of the business which was formerly held by this country. The jsreat expansion of her foreign trade wince I#l4 is shown by the official re journs of her trade in 1916. Cxportt Far in Excess of Imports. During that year tiie total value of Imports was 756,600,000 yen, being an of 224,000,000, while the ex ports for ths same period amounted to yen, being an increase of bsbout 419,090,000 yen. The actual ex of exports orer Imports for the [jnear was tT1.000,000 yen, as compared £rlth 170,000,000 yen for 1916. The changed position which has taken place since the beginning of the war may be seen from the fact that Dor the year 1914 there was actually m excess In the value of the imports «ver exports of about 4,500,000 yen. Cotton manufacture Is one of her Ejprlncipal industries, and the statistics •how that the average number of spln jple* working dally In Japan in 1914 Idthe latest available ysar). was nearly S.SOO.OWO. Wool manufacture was not parried on before the war to any great jesxtent, taut It has now received a con derable Impetus, and Japanese fac >rles are executing orders from the ussisn Government. The production of iron and steel — )feoth in government and private works ■.—has also been very considerable, the feest iron ores being Imported from fThlna. Japan has some 600,000 tons jtVf shipping now under construction, pad the industry is In a flourishing Condition. Her merchant marine con sists of 2,170 steamers of 1,704, 786 (tons, and 9,187 sailing ships of 672.403 Ocean-going steamers exceeding tI.OOOO tons number 448, With a total tonnage of 1,428,212 tons. Thirty-nine 'fcre&n-golng steamers ef 140,28$ tons Iwere launched from Japanese yards in f»91« Way Use American Machinery. It might be added that Japan is now Evestigatlng the possibility of using merican cotton-spinning machinery their mills. The extent of purchases Already decided on Is estimated at •00.000 spindles. How her credit stands may be seen jffrom the fact that her 4% per cent, loan is quoted on the London Stock Rxchange at 91%, yielding at that jjsrlce, interest of nearly 6 per cent. Great Britain's 4% P«r cent, loan Is quoted at so we see how the rela tive positions of the two countries Ihave changed since 1914. Before that fateful time no one would hare 'dreamed of comparing the two credits. Already Japanese manufacturers lhave quadrupled their exports to Aus tralia. Ships which in the past aver- Sged a cargo of 460 tons now bring to ydnoy 2,600 tons. The Japanese have {captured a great deal of the trsde once lifirmly held by American, British, Ger man and French exporters. In the silk market they nave won the premier lyoaition, and Australian shops are now 'filled to overflowing with cheap Jap anese silks. The following Japanese goods are mow sold with great success in the Australian market: Glasses, scientific •instruments, silks. Panama hats, cot tons. toys, insulators, electric light ap paratus, camphor, sulphur oil, matcbes, *>aeketware, rubber tires, bottles, pot*- celain. Japan's rapid Industrial and com mercial strides will serve to intensify the formidable competition which the .American manufacturer will have to meet both In domestic and foreign markets after the war. They afford another striking proof of the necessity Ifor restoring friendly relations be tween capital and labor, securing few mr and better business laws and moulding a better public attitude to ward business so that American in dustry may be rid of its harassments and made strong for the trade fight after the restoration of peace.—lndus trial Conservation, New York. Feeling the Public Pulse. A board of trade or chamber of com merce can render vital service to a community by aiding in the passage ®f laws which tend to make the com munity more prosperous. In that re spect the organisation acts as an in terpreter, helping to translate the aeeds aiLi the desires of tne people ' into laws that will encourage, rather than discourage, business enterprise. -—lndustrial Oonsorvation, New York. ZOTTON GOODS COMPANY BUILDING MODEL CITY. Constructing 100 Cottages with Hospi tal, Library, School and Meeting Hall. A big cotton goods manufacturing company with offices in New York City and a million-dollar plant at Pas gale, N. J., recently completed the pur chase of 300 acres of land, comprising the whole village of Allwood, near Passaic, and begun the construc tion of a model industrial city. Almost a thousand men are em ployed In the Passaic f last, which will be abandoned. Plans are to have a city of about 3,600 population. One hun dred cottages will be built. There will be a hospital, library, school, and meeting hall. Twenty homes for su perintendents are to be put up at once. Homes will be purchased on monthly payments. Social welfare workers, architects, and industrial leaders have given ad vico to the president of the mills. His plan is regarded as the mort advanced step of the kind, in some respects, that has been taken in this country. The present mill has rest rooms, nurses, and a dining hall. Dances have been given there every Saturday eve ning throughout the winter. There have been practically no labor trou bles.— Industrial Conservation, New York. USE OF LEISURE TIME A FACTOR IN SUCCESS. Time Not Spent In Working, Eating or Sleeping May Determine Efficiency. "How do you spend your leisure time?" is the question which appears on the application blanks for employ ment In some of the largest business houses today. To some this may seem an unnecessary intrusion on the pri vate life of the individual, but the way in which a worker utilizes the interval between 5 and 8 p. m. and 8 or 9 a. m., as well as his holidays and Sundays, has an important bearing on his effi ciency. Dull heads and unsteady hands, which are often the by-products of misused leisure hours, are distinct liabilities in any work, whether it be mechanically routine or of the sort that requires judgment and adapta bility.—lndustrial Conservation, New York. HOW TO SAVE A BILLION A YEAR. Co-operation Between Wage-Earner and Wage-Payer Will Save an Enormous Loss. There is an estimated waste of a billion dollars annually in industry in the United States, due to labor trou bles. This billion dollars could better be employed to the advantage of both the man who hires and the man who Is hired. Capital can gain no advan-1 tage by fighting labor, and labor can gain no advantage fighting capital. The result of the battle is always an expensive draw. On all sides, however, are to be found evidences that both parties have begun to realize the futility of endless frlctioo. — Industrial Conservation, Vew York. THE HUMAN NOTE IN INDUSTRY WW Be Most Strongly Aocsntuated In Coming Year®, Says Edison. "Problems in human engineering," predicts Thomas A. Edison, the elec trical wizard, "will receive during the coming years the same genius and attention which the nineteenth century gave to the more material forms of engineering. "We have laid good foundations for industrial prosperity. Now we want to assure the happiness and growth of the workers through vocation educa tion and vocational guidance and wisely managed employment depart ments. A great field for Industrial ex perimentation and statesmanship Is opening up."— lndustrial Conservation, New York. NIED FOR LOYAL WORKERS. Men Who Will Exert Best Efforts to Help Win War. It would be lmpossiole to overesti mate the importance of labor in its re lation to the war, and the necessity for every worklngman to give his best ef forts In order not to handicap the gov ernment in Its work of carrying the war to a successful termination. The loyal American workingman may be depended upon to do his full duty If he is not led by the mistaken policies of his leaders to do the things which his own conscience and his own reason tell him are wrong.— lndustrial Conservation, New York. USE OF LEISURE TIME A FACTOR IN BUCCESS. Use of Time Not Spent In Working, Eatlnq or Sleeping May Determine Worker's Efficiency. "How do you spend your leisure time?" is the question which appears on the application blanks for employ ment in some of the largest business houses today. To some this may seem an unnecessary Intrusion on the pri vate life of the individual, but the way in which a worker utilizes the inter val between 5 or 6 P. M. and 8 or 9 A. M., as well as his holidays and Sun days, has an important bearing on his eficiency. Dull heads and unsteady hands, which are often the byproducts of misused leisure hours, are distinct liabilities in any work whether it be mechanically routine or of the sort that requires judgment and adaptabil ity.— Industrial Conservation, New York. All the Kings In the World (Industrial Conservation, New York.) taking "Friendly" Advice; Parable of the Good Mule Samson If you should ever, visit Prosperity Town —and we sincerely hope you will some day—drop in to see our stanch friend Samson. True, Samson is only a mule, but he's some pumpkin in Prosperity Town. Unlike his biblical namesake he doesn't go around pulling down temples or killing Philistines with the jawbone of his deceased fa ther Moreover, when he has had a 3 J ■ f p 0 jy n ? -err. T* J "" I «» "What Alls Him?" share, a shampoo, and a haircut, our Samson is as strong, nay, stronger than ever. Samson Is a good, constructive citi zen. It's his job to run the treadmill that turns the wheels of industry. If Samson should quit his job all the fac tories in Prosperity Town would have to close their doors, and factories, by the way, are the mainstay of Prosperi ty Town. Any time you nappen to pass the treadmill you can see Samson doing his standing marathon. He nev er seexns to tire at his job. There are folks in Prosperity Town who think that Samson, as an industrial factor, is capital, but we hesitated to stated the fact for fear you might accuse us of trying to perpetrate a pun. Samson's driver is a man Public, an intelligent, well meaning person who is just beginning to get along famously with Samson. There was a time, how ever, when Public was so engrossed with the affairs of his numerous fam ily that he hadnt much time left for the occupation which gave him his in come, and mule driving requires study just like medicine, military tactics, i mixing mint juleps or any of the other I exact sciences. Something happened recently, How ever, which caused Public to take a keener interest in his job. He was nome eating lunch one day when a man named Agitator, a former resident it Prosperity Town, passed the tread iftill of Industry, and, seeing that it unguarded, thought it would be a j ?ood Joke on Public to put a few kinks In the machinery. It wasn't a sense of i humffr alone that gave Agitator his in i spiration. He saw that he might make his little joke pay. You see, he owned a hardware store in Prosperity Town, where he kept in stock a fine line of hammers, axes and other implements that can be used to advantage in J knocking and tearing down. He hoood • 4 M W V ft. V VJr® w « v that Public, who didn't know muoh about machinery, would get disgusted ; with the treadmill when he found that it didn't work properly and would buy a few of Agitator's tools to ama-sh It up with, for Public didn't have much pa tience in those days. So Agitator got a crowbar and worked industriously around the treadmill for several min utes, after which he brushed off his clothes and went back to his hardware store to wait for business. A few minutes later Public returned from lunch with a had attack of gestloa and a grouch against mules and treadmills in general. His 111 tem per was increased by Samson's Inabili ty to turn the treadmill at the accus tomed rate of speed iPsor Samson puffed and struggled, and manifested all the other distressing symptoms of hard work, but he couldn't keep up to time. Public belabored him until his arm was tired, and then, scratching his head, he mused irritably. wonder what alls that mule, any how? He certainly gets enough to oat. I've been feeding him right along on a good rich diet of profits." Scratching one's head has often been known to stimulate a flow of brilliant ideas, and Public, after continuing the process several minutes decided to vis- i >' i *M've Followed Everybody's Advice; Now I'm Going to Take That Load Off Altogether and Givs Him His Old Diet." It his friend Legislator, who ran a mill down the road and who professed to know all there was to be known about muleology. Legislator was not only willing but eager to give advice on the subjeot. "It's as plain as the nose on your face what ails that mule," he said, sticking his thumbs in the armholes of his vest and shifting his cud, after the fashion of sturdy Yankee lawmakers. "You're feeding him too well, and you're not giving him enough work. Cut down his diet of profits and mix some deficiency in his food. Then put ◦n his back several sacks of the excess taxes I've just ground out of my mill." Public, breathing a sigh of relief, tried Legislator's prescription on Sam son, but the treatment merely had the effect of reducing the mule's energy still further. After a few moments more of head scratching, Public decid ed to consult Agitator Agitator was a wise man. At least he talked well, and Public at that time was very sus ceptible to oratory. "•Certainly I'll help you with a little expert advice," said Agitator, doing his 1 best to hide % grin. "It's apparent to any thinking man that all Samson needs is a fow hard knocks. There's something complex about a mule's psychology chat needs just that sort of treatment. Now I can sell you a splen did hammer to wallop him with. That will administer the proper psychic stimulus. Then I have some excellent axle grease here, compounded of a mix ture of labor trouble and industrial un rest. Just rub a little of that Into the machinery of the treadmill." So Public bought the hammer and the axle grease, which was really glue incognito, and went back to Samson. At heart Public was a kindly man, and he felt that It was unnecessarily cruel to hit Samson with the hammer, but he had Implicit oenfldonce in Agitator, so he spat on his hands and let Samson have a few good ones, whleh nearly broke the mule's back, but failed to produce any tangible results In the way ef Increased speed. Then as a last resort Public took up the fake axle grease, but as he was about to rub It into the machinery he saw something that made him hssltats and then send for the repair man. Agita tor, it seen a. had underrated his In telligence. "Well," raid Public, "I've takes the advice of my friends" (strong accent on ths friends), "but from now on I'm going to use my own judgaaent." So while the repair man straighten ed out the kinks in the machine Public pulled the bags of excess taxes from Samson's back and treated the mule to a good meal of his oustoaary food. Presto! The mule bofaa to run, the treadmill began to bun, and the board of directors voted to raise Public's sal ary for Increasing the prosperity of Prosperity Town. But that is not the end of the story. Some enterprising sleuth linked up the injury which had boon done to the jT "Nix on Friendly Advice." treadmill with some of Agitator's oth er activities, and the municipal au thorities decided that they would ei ther have to change the name of the town or ask Agitator to leave. They voted in favor of the latter alternative, and one fine day the hardware dealei was ridden in ststs os a rail to ths outskirts of the city, where he wss handed his passyorts. —Charles A. Rie ser, Industrial Conservation, New York. CLOSER KINSHIP IS THE NEW IDEAL IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY 0 Harmony Between Men and Man agement Recognized as a Desirable Factory Asset. IS NOW AN INVENTORY ITEM Modern Manufacturer Cultivates Good- Will of Workers—His Interest No Longer Confined to Conversion of Raw Material Into Finished Product. No established business can operate efficiently without inventory. The in ventory tells the story of whether the business is successful or otherwise. You put almost everything you have in an inventory, and the value that you think the article bears in relation to your business. But there are many things which go into the composite body of inventory beside personal property. There is the question of good will. There y and externally. It moans preteo- Uon, not in the tariff eenee of that word, but in the tease of establishing as industrial Rock of Gibraltar against the international trade conditions which wftl follow en the termination of the Buropeaa war. The vast eoa nomlc changes to follow the Euro pean conflagration cannot be worked out by a group of men. The test of democraoy depends upon the contri bution of everybody Interested In the maintenance of democracy, independ ent of political, sectional or racial considerations. Just as sometimes industrial plants are reorganised, so now American in dustry is undergoing a process of re organisation. It Is no longer an age of the brutality of competition, but of s skill in bringing about qs-ordination. Business now msans making bettor mea and better conditions for labor, more highly specialised vocational training, and a non-provincial outlook and realisation that the eventual great ness of American industry cannot bo measured In terms of dollars and cents, but In terms of the manhood of ths men who constitute tb*» fibre inter woven in eur scheme of democrsey. Welfare of Worker Censldsred. Measures designed to reduce the cost of accidents in industry, the high est degree of safet, apparatus for workmen, the study of fatigue and its consequences on the operative, the de velopment of the individual efficiency of workmen, the problem of sickness insurance, either through voluntary or involuntary plans; the study of the i economic factors involved In a shorter working day, the standardisation of cost systems— these and doaens of oth er problems are all part and parcel of I Industry today.— lndustrial Conseroo -1 tion, New York. LET YOUR ENTHUSIASM HELP YOU WITH YOUR WORK. Incresse Your Personsl Power by Put ting Your Soul Into Your Job. Enthusiasm is the dynamics of your personality. Without it, whatever abil ities you may possess lie dormant, and it is safe to say that nearly every man has more latent power than he has ever learned to use. You may have knowledge, sound Judgment. zor<] rea soning faculties, but no no rv n yourself—will know V ni'v ' dl - how to put y'* > thought and action. — Imlu > «.* { r>« # - servaJion, New York. %