opinions editorial opinion Raping society .State College is finally facing the question most of the nation has been asking for years and years: What is this world coming to? What is this world like when two junior high school girls cannot ride home on a school bus with their schoolmates without the threat of sexual assault? What is it like when in a single weekend, at least two Women report to the police that they were indecently assaulted on a university cam- Os nestled in good, old peaceful Happy Valley? ,No one witnessed the two isolated inci dOnts on campus. But when the two State Cpllege Area Junior High School girls were attacked in two separate incidents within three days last week they were attacked in front of their schoolmates on school buses. In both incidents, no one came to the rescue of the girls. And on one bus in particular, students even cheered when one boy placed a hand down a girl's pants, another grabbed at her blouse and a third boy held her down. Who could have ever imagined that this macabre, violatory scene could have been played out in State College, Pa.? But then New Bedford, Mass. is asking itself the same thing. Last month, according to reports, a 21- year-old woman .in that historic whaling town went into a bar Big Dan's— by herself to have just one drink. When she met reader opinion/the minority situation Good advising needed. I decided that I would get right to the ppint. I don't really have anything cute to lead off with so I'll just tell you how I feel. In searching for viable solutions for minority retention at Penn State I can only remember my own painful expe rience as a Penn State student. I'm not going to give you a sob story about how I couldn't adjust to this mostly-white atmosphere here at Penn State. That's not true. As an iU 1 0 WHiTE. Cr . . . . • ■ ■ ac an ate rc erg. Welcome to the Op-Ed page. If you but I will mention the one that is probably the Why Problem, but because they don't Many people live in big cities. Many big Contrary to popular belief, not everyone haven't noticed, today we are discussing the the least discussed. think there is an answer. • cities have disadvantaged areas with inferi- in this country has the opportunity to get a problem with minority recruitment at Penn A pioblem exists that is related to the Question 1: Why does the University need or public schooling inferior to that of good education in high school. • - State. The Black Problem, as it has been Black . and White Problem, only it is more • more blacks? Perhaps some light can be rural and suburban schools. Many of the With the help of minority recruitment , called by some: -To be more accurate, let's serious. It, can be called, for lack of a better shed on the subject. I will point out only a students who live in these areas and attend programs and related financial aid pro call it the Black and White Problem. name, the Why Problem. few of many reasons which could be used. these schools are black. Often the worst grams, many of these disadvantaged stu ( Hey, I see some of you are still here. A lot A lot of people some blacks as well as Answer 1: For the good of the whole. instances of inferior public schooling occur dents can have at least the opportunity for a of you blacks have not turned the page yet. most whites don't really understand why Black is the second most common race in in areas that are predominately black. good college education. A lot of you whites are already on the sports Penn State (or any school, for that matter) America. While blacks are not all alike, the Generally, students who attend these pre- Without these programs, many of these section. Oh well, I'll talk to those who are should actively recruit minorities. Why do culture of black America differs significant- dominately black schools do not score as disadvantaged students get screwed. still left.) . we need more blonds? More red- ly from the culture of white America. high on Scholastic Aptitude Tests as those Keeping this in mind, choose your side. , . heads? More garbagemen? . It is practically: impossible for anyone to who attend schools with better teachers and You can look at it from the philosophy of . • '''",••"-•, •.: -,....•:-:.. . • This is obviously a problem. I'll restate it. live in today's society without coming into better learning facilities (which is often the every-man-for-himself. In this case, you . -..1:::. • • ,:,, - • Why does the University need more blacks? contact with blacks. If you don't understand case with predominately white schools). might be against increased minority re- Can you answer that question, President blacks at all because of a lack of exposure to It has nothing to do with intelligence. For cruitment or minority recruitment in gener . H Oswald'? Maybe you can. "Because state them, it could hurt you in the long run. For example, a black student can be just as al. "Sure there are those students who didn't , •" . ' ‘ :... - - "2 : : r 1 41;gh• , ''' 41 070,1 9 law encourages it?" Sorry, John, that's a example, you may wind up losing a chance smart as a white student, but because of a have the opportunity for a better education. • - , ~, cop-out. at a good job, or lose the job you already poor education, this black student will not So what?" you may say. 1, They shouldn't j i l eti at . • -•(;.:, - ...Y ;i ' Judging from the comments you have have, simply because you are inept at relat- score as high on his SAT test as the white have been born disadvantaged. Let them eat .1..i.. - ' .' .. ' made in The Pittsburgh Press, Dr. Oswald, . ing to people of a different race. student. dog food." • .•.-- -• ~ 4*00:• you don't seem to have a full understanding In other words, a significant increase in A more specific example concerns a Or you can look al it from the philosophy .. , . ~.., .of the situation. More than likely, those who minority recruitment would not only be friend of mine from Philadelphia, who of do-what-is-best-for-society. In this case,. are working under you don't understand it, beneficial to blacks; it would be beneficial scored less than 900 on his SAT test while you should be in favor of increased minority Penn State has .a problem. When it comes . either. Consequently, it is hard to go out and . to whites. It would be beneficial to everyone, attending a black public school. He later recruitment, for it comes closer to being in to minority recruitment, the University is actively recruit minorities when you, don't Of course, other reasons also exist for attended a white. private school and retook the best interests of everyone. the laughing stock of the state. Rumor has it fully understand why you are doing it. supporting minority recruitment efforts, the test. He scored 'over 1,300. A devout capitalist might be in favor of that the Ku Klux Klan has a higher percent- Because of the Why Problem, many stu- but becauseof time and space constraints I That's a difference of over 400,points. the first philosophy, but a devout Christian age of minorities. . dents get "annoyed" when they hear "all .will focus attention on only one of them, Obviously we have another educational believes that those who haVe are supposed University President John W. Oswald has the proposed solutions to the low percentage perhaps the most important one. problem here. Let's call it the Social Class to lend a hand to those who have not. said that the University is doing all it can to .of black students attending Penn State." Question 2: Why does the University need ' Problem. The problem is not specifically - a Choose your side. increase the percentage of minorities up Not surprisingly, several people will not • more blacks? racial problem, but to ignore the racial Tony Smith is a 12-terni journalism major here. This is hard to believe, for a number of bother to read the Op-Ed pages today not Answer 2: More blacks need the Universi- aspect of the problem is a rather large and a sports staff writer for The Daily reasons. I won't bother to mention them all, only because they don't know the answer to ty. oversight. Collegian. a friend there, she decided to stay longer. After her friend departed, she was stripped down to her sweater by one man who raped her on the barroom floor. Two other men allegedly joined the scene, forcing' her to perform oral sex. When her cries to other patrons standing at the oval bar were ignored, she was lifted on to a pool table and raped for an hour and a half by several men. Her tears and cries were drowned in a sickening sea of cheers and applause from at lest 15 men standing around the bar. In obvious ways, what happened this past week in State College and what happened last month in New Bedford are greatly different. However, it seems that the message is the same: that some males have still not learned and are not being taught that they've no right to use women for their own brutal sport. And also that many people have still not learned • how to escape the horrible cowardice of joining the crowd to subordinate and hurt other people. Every person who sees a rape occurring and walks away without helping the victim or worse, stays and watches the horrible crime being committed and dares to enjoy it is responsible for the rape. If not respon sible for the actual physical rape of the victim, then the rape of hope and morality from this society and this world. inner-city black woman, I really didn't have a problem in dealing with the white faces I saw. I _am not different or unique, I'm normal. What I couldn't adjust to was the academic curriculum I had chosen with my adviser.' My adviser was white; that makes no difference. But what was wrong was that she did not investigate my background or try to know me to determine what courses would suit my needs. Instead, I was a number. I also had some problems financial ly. Even though the financial aid office is most helpful, by the time you 2 1 211 get the personaliied help you need to pay for school, you're on your way out. Do these problems sound like the problems that white students have? They are!There are no special prob lems for blacks and other minorities. Minorities may not be as accustomed to handling them. For example, I didn't know what to say to my adviser when she advised me to take two four hundred level courses, (of course I wanted to take them). What did I know? I hope that you can see that I feel Penn State could do better in the 0 s . . -XNAIA4N oftoA - ni :::::::::::::::•:::: ****.::K:K:: :*:::::.'*::::::,: *K:K:i:imi* %IA ANANKEE DOODLE OANOX MARTIAL MUSIC DO OR OHS ; ROCK BANDS, 'TUN AGE BUMS, BOOR BUSTS 12X), NOT ON me FOURTH OF JULY.... process they use to give, students advisers. I, of course, feel that there could be more black advisors, as well as Chinese, hispanics and others. I am not necessarily saying that the ones we have are not competent, there are just not- enough of them. This means that Penn State will have to actively recruit minority instruc tors and advisers, academic and fi nancial, right? Callalily E. Norcum, publicity chair man State College chapter NAACP , ••••••••• • •••••••:v:vd.....:•:•:::•.:.::::3 0 • •,:••••••M•:•:•:•:•:•::%*".•••:•:•:•*•:•:• 4 "•:•%•:•:•:•:•: !..• • ••:•74.Q:4,..,.. 0 •:::•:.$ , •:•:::•".•::*:::.• • • • • •••• Jy %•._. 4,0 :••• • - ••••:•: 4 ^: , Y6!Te••• *•..' • "•••••5••••••.e! . ze.'•6•” . " 7.:474 Mil Ideal mix Should Cheyney State recruit white students? It appears that Cheyney probably should recruit whites, that is of course, if Penn State should recruit blacks and other minorities. How can it rightly be said that white students would benefit from a mixed racial educational experience if the same rationale cannot be applied to the all black or nearly all-black colleges. It might be said that Cheyney, as a recognized black school, doesn't need white students, which of course would supply the supposedly ideal mixed racial educational exprience, on the 'grounds that students there already understand white culture because they could not escape it if they wanted to. But is this really true? Many inner-city`young blacks real ly have not had an opportunity to interact with and become familiar with whites on a one-to-one basis; they know what prejudice and bigotry are all about because they've experi enced it, but they have not experi enced at the level of higher education where the alienation generated by prejudice and misunderstanding hopefully has been substantially min imized although certainly not elimi nated. Indeed, certain schools in the corn- Thonwealth do have a problem that can no longer afford to go unsolved, whether it be the lily-white image of Penn State or the solid-black image of Cheyney. .: is }'k;ii }:':;~,?'},}:??~':?i};i:?{' K:i:§:§:§:::i :i:i:1:::K:::§: The Daily Collegian Tuesday, April 12 •••• • • • • Mal NNE GiPlwiasu/d4ksainAss• eqoa %% • • In the end it may very well be that tax dollars will have to be spent to recruit the "other" type of student to rectify the shameful situation exist ing at these two schools. Name withheld by request daily Collegian Tuesday, April 12, 1983 ©1983 Collegian Inc Suzanne M. Cassidy Judith Smith Editor Business Manager The Daily Collegian's editorial opin ion is determined by its Board of Opinion, with the editor holding" final responsibility. Opinions ex pressed on the editorial pages are not necessarily those of The Daily Collegian, Collegian Inc. or The Pennsylvania State University. Collegian Inc., publishers of The Daily Collegian and related publica tions, is a separate corporate insti tution from Penn State. Board of Managers Assistant Business Manager: Mary McCaf• frey; Office Manager: Kimberly Fox; Assistant Office Manager: Colleen Waters; Sales Manager: Terri Alvi no; Assistant Sales Manager: Mark Rebholz; Layout Coordinator: Ka ren Rader; Creative Director: Randy Rigdon; Marketing Manager: Barry Reichenbaugh; National Ad Man ager: Donna Streletzky; Assistant National Ad Manager: Lynn Mc- Laughlin. p 0 nue 'Racism in Happy Valley •1 Kevin M. Ramsey (in his March 28 letter) asked the question; "are black students being discriminated against on.either the recruitment or student level?" Because of its emphasis to ward negative action I wouldn't use tie word discrimination, but institu tional racism is the major cause of Penn State's minority recruitment problems. Yes Kevin, there is racism here in Happy Valley. 'Let us first look at the two essen tials needed to get into Penn State: a good academic background and mon ey. Because of the past blatant dis ' critninations against the parents of the now college-age black students, discriminations which denied them the opportunity of achieving "the American dream," money is the ma jor constraint preventing highly qual ified blacks from enrolling at this state-related, land grant, equal op ' portunity university. Also, as most intelligent people know, if you don't have the money it's often very difficult to live in the "right neighborhoods" and in turn get the "good academic back ground." Now, Mr. Ramsey may call setting up programs to help academically prepare these minorities for Penn State, a form of favorable discrimina tion, but most intelligent people would say that it's finally giving these often very bright individuals an op poitunity to achieve. Mr. Ramsey may call special pro grams that give financial assistance to minority students who lack these resources as favorable discrimina tion, but again most intelligent people would say that Penn State is finally giving these individuals what they deserve; the same opportunity to get a good education and achieve, as :whites have. Criticism of Penn State not completely accurate ----- Editor's Note: The following letter, writ in response to The Pittsburgh Press and Pittsburgh Post-Gazette coverage on nority recruitment and retention at the : - .University, recently appeared in The Pitts . burgh Courier. The purpose of this letter is to assess how fairly and completely Penn State was rep resented in the'recent articles about black life which appeared in The Pittsburgh Press 'and Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. We felt that these articles about Penn State were accu rate to a certain extent. Where we most differ with the recent articles is with the negative social and atmospheric picture that was painted and ' ! implied to exist at Penn State for black students. We do agree that the low percent ages of black students and faculty here are unacceptable. We also agree that the University must put more money into various recruiting programs as well as give more assistance to black organizations to obtain a better cultu ral and social environment at the Universi ty. Prejudice does exist here, but we are not sure that it is worse than anywhere else and the minority situation If Mr. Ramsey thinks that everyone in this country has the same opportu nity to achieve, he is a very naive person. In his letter he stated that he thought Penn State should "insure that student recruitment is fair and unbiased" instead of "concentrating on the most popular color of the. month." But the system is already biased biased toward those who were given the opportunity of obtaining a good education and wealth. This is simply not fair to those who were kept down and used by others to obtain their own "American dream," the Afro-Ameri can. This, Mr. Ramsey, is called Racism. I would like for white students to imagine that they had to go to an all black institute in order to obtain the skills needed to succeed in the "black world." Imagine no rock 'n' roll, no giant beer parties, no large white fraternities or sororities, no happy hours, no Phi Psi 500, no Movin' On, no White "role models" (teachers or administrators), no name rock 'n' roll bands (not even local), no Regat ta or no social or cultural activities that you are accustomed to or enjoy. Imagine yourself as a constant "minority" (think about all the "white flight" from segregated pub lic schools). Then maybe you will see why Penn State should make a spe cial effort to improve the social and cultural environment for minorities. After all I imagine that many more white students would leave Penn State if they didn't "enjoy it here." To Mr. Ramsey, and others who feel like him, I strongly suggest that you "put yourselves in the other person's shoes" before you comment about issues that pertain to them. I don't think that Mr. Ramsey inten tionally spoke with malice about giv ing people an equal opportuninty, but I think he spoke with simple igno rance. Thank goodness some poli ticians aren't as ignorant and are we could not honestly say that one would be subjected to more discriminatory behavior here than if they were educated in another part of the state. We recognize not malice or contempt but ignorance of minority ., cul tures, on the part of some white Penn Staters, as the major reason for occasional racial incidents (Some . white students sim ply have not had the much exposure to diverse cultures). Some steps are being taken to improve this lack of understanding. For example, the university recently implemented mandato ry racial sensitivity training for it's staff members in various departments. In addi tion, two years ago student organizations, with some help from the university, orga nized Brotherhood Day to bring about a better understanding among the various racial and religious groups. That year the guest speakers were Julian Bond (Georgia state senator) and Head Football Coach Joe Paterno. Last year the guest speaker was Benjamim Hooks (na tional director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). Besides these distinguished speaders we have had the opportunity of hearing such noted black figures as Shirley Chisholm, trying to force Penn State to truly "open its doors." To The Daily Collegian, the Under graduate Student Government, Black C'aucus and the University adminis tration, I say let's try to educate these "ignorant" people (faculty, adminis trators and students) and push, push hard, for programs that really do give everyone an equal opportunity to learn. As the Centre Daily Times' March Ist editorial said, "One can only conclude that any programs to at tract black faculty, students and ad ministrators (to Penn State) have been pursued somewhat halfhearted ly. The challenge for Penn State is not to settle for excuses but to fashion and push hard explicit policies and programs to attract black faculty and students: It cannot be considered a truly first-class university until it overcomes this shortcoming." Darnell K. Daisey USG East Halls Senator Racist U I, a black resident of State College, have been associated with Penn State for almost thirteen years. I've been a student, and member of the adminis trative staff and am now a janitor here. This Op-ed page on minority re cruitment and retention is concrete manisfestation of the newest face of racism. It perpetrates and propa gates many of the current racial stereotypes that we denizens of aca demia supposedly eschew. If, to use an analogy, everyone over 6'5" tall, or over 200 lbs. with a 4.6 second 40-yard dash, were to sicken and die after exposure to Happy Valley, there would be no Op-Ed pages devoted to inane theories on why it happens. The Happy Valley football coach would have little to say Dick Gregory, Andrew Young, Milton Street, Rosey Grier, Guion S. Bluford Jr. ( the fitst black astronaut, class of 1964), • Mildred Jefferson, Nikki Giovanni and oth ers over the past few years. We agree that Penn State needs more black social events, but to imply that almost no social life exists and that Penn State holds nothing but disappointment for blacks is inaccurate. Whether one is satisfied with the social activities is dependent upon the individual. Penn State has three black fraternities and three black sororities, along with three major black organizations and a few reli gious groups. Penn State also has many other organizations that blacks can join to meet their needs, hobbies and interest.' We think that the serious student should explore the University. It has many re sources to offer, and we think they should be taken advantage of. If academics are a priority to you and you can exist in a "predominately white" community, then don't let the recent negative articles in the major Pittsburgh newspapers discourage you from coming to Penn State. As many Penn State Alumni (black or white) will tell you, a degree from Penn Penn State should strive for racial harmony By JEAN•EMMANUEL PONDI Graduate•political science Everyone, it seems, has something to say about "the minority issue" at Penn State. Unfortu nately, not everyone who expresses his views on the matter gives it appropriate consideration in my opinion. I would like to contribute to this debate by stressing four main points. I. Let us start with an important, yet often overlooked issue: the classification of "black students." Black students are said to constitute 2.5 percent of the student body. This rough percentage certainly deserves closer scrutiny: Are these figures for University Park or for the Penn State system at large? Do these percent ages include black Africans (138) or are they limited to Afro-Americans? forum Finally, a breakdown of U.S. minority students at the graduate and undergraduate divisions should be provided. If these steps were taken, the situation at Penn State would present itself under a bleaker light than is usually the case: the fact is that the number of Afro-Americans in the grad uate school is insignificant. 2. America is a democracy. This is no news to anybody. America's brand of democracy is based on the freedom of the individual. My claim is that there is a direct link between minority issues at Penn State, the ideal of individual freedom and America's world moral leadership. These links, of course, are not detectable to the casual and generally apathetic Penn Stater. Let us, for the sake of the argument, assume that every U.S. citizen has the right to choose his/her own philosophy of life, including racism. If we accept that assumption, then we must be candid as'to the causes of the problems; he'd wisely stay silent, as trained medical professionals did scientific research into the factors involved. A cure would be found, and Penn State foot ball would again flourish. But, when faced with reality of the indecently short academic life span of black students at Penn State, we somehow feel that unfounded, unsubstantiated opinions are the best thing to have. No one calls for re search; nothing is said about bring ing in experts with the experience of conquering similar problems else where. We don't even ask the current or past victims or survivors of the disease (in any serious way) what they felt. The question here is: isn't that odd? The answer is: no. Because, as at most racist universities those that enough to acknowledge a contradiCtion between equality and freedom. For example, a qualified minority student's right to be admitted to a school could be denied because of a recruiter's right to exercise his/her individual philosophy of racial prejudice. Clear , ly, both rights cannot be exercised simulta neously. 3. Of all places, a university is a place where reason is supposed to prevail. Racial prejudice turns its back to reason, because that attitude is arrived at, through a mixture of hearsay, family environment, impulse, excessive emotion or fear. On the theoretical level, we should distinguish between an attitude of racism adopted after a systematic study of the problem, and such an attitude being the result of a familial legacy of an exposure to racial myths. While the second instance is a case of prejudice, the first is not. We could them "vulgar" and "scientific" racism, respectively. Ironically, one can never rationally demonstrate the case for scientific racism. That fact has not discouraged many pseudo scientists from trying. There simply is no con vincing evidence to show the superiority or inferiority of any given race. This situation leaves us with the "vulgar racist" category. It is no exaggeration to say that the right to be prejudiced is nothing more than the right to be irrational. If it is true that most of us are irrational anyway, it is equally true that few students claim this as a right. A university community should use its rational skills. Of all universities, Penn State should be more preoccupied with racial harmony than any other school, having been 'cited as example to be followed in academic circles. (See the March Newsweek On Campus) The high black attrition rate here at Penn State sends a disturbing mes sage throughout Pennsylvania and the country. A message which contradicts the good things Newsweek had to say about this institution; namely, that blacks feel that they are not treated matter at Penn State are most inter ested in maintaining status quo. So opinion is encouraged, while fact and effective action are non-existant. And those of you who placate your own (and the community's) conscience by bandying your valued and vaunted opinions are participantS in the proc ess. Former Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz once told a very offensive joke that proclaims the primary needs of blacks to be the right shoes, sex partners and bathroom design. He lost his job for this but Collegian readers can say with impunity that blacks won't come to Penn State because there's too much grass around it or there's no place to dance. These are no less offensive, conten tious, and surely no less racist. Saying that blacks don't like Penn State is respected nationwide and may open many doors for you. Many large corporate recruiters come to Penn State seeking high ly qualified minority students because they feel these students have proven that they can compete and work with a predominately white organization, as most large firms are. There is some pride among black students toward Penn State because we realize that we are the ones who will reap the benfits of attending a university with the reputation that Penn State has. We would like to see mere minority students here so that they may gain from what this university has to offer. We feel that the reporters from The Press and Post-Gazette may have already had their minds made up about black life here before writing their stories. Some students have complained'about being quoted out of context. These students think that the newspapers ignored the good things they had to say and were only interested in the negative. Some of those who were quoted are the ones helping most in recruitment of minorities to the university. We are by no means a public relations board for Penn State, but we don't appre- The Daily Collegian Tuesday, April 12 State is like saying blacks do like watermelon: It's stupid and stereo typcial. As a black who knows that my participation in pro-black and NAACP activities cost me a job, I've seen the naked face of racism here in Happy Valley. Penn State, don't be lulled by an amateurish newspaper's halfhearted stabs at "relevant" journalism. This minority "problem" will be here af ter you're gone, unless you press the University administration to make a sincere, realistic commitment to reaching a resolution. If not. . . well, did you hear the one about the black guy and the chicken eating contest? Gary Abdullah, member State College chapter NAACP ciate being "used" to hurt our own cause. This damages us and the students who have changed their minds about coming to Penn State, because of the recent articles, when Penn State could have been what they were looking for and the best place to grow and achieve their academic and personal goals. Penn State isn't for everyone, and it does have problems that must be overcome, but it also has something for many blacks to explore. It would be a shame to deny these opportunities and benefits to prospective students because only half the picture was painted. Darryl Daisey USG Senator and Black Student Union member Rhonda McDaniel, president Black Student Union Anya Armstrong Student Advisory Committee on Minority Admissions Charles Blackwell USG Senator Keith Burris USG Senator and Dept. of Minority Affairs staff member . Robyn Payne Black Student Union member equally at University Park. In some classroom situations, it appears that black students must prove that they deserve to be in the class. Of all schools, Penn State should indeed be preoccu pied. There is something odd about a school that enthusiastically cheers its football team (which includes blacks in key positions) on Saturday afternoon and tend to be much colder the rest of the week towards black students. This case of schizophrenia should be treated. To sum up a difficult controversy, I have argued that one's right to be racist is incompati ble with another person's right to exercise his/h -er equally legitimate right. I have further argued that Penn State, as a university, should emphasize the rational think ing of a problem which is usually treated in a non rational fashion. Finally, I suggest that those who advocate the freedom to be racist should take that argument to its logical extent and face its consequences at the micro (national) and macro (international) lev els. At the micro level, this would mean thinking of joining the infamous Ku Klux Klan, which, after all, advocates nothing else. At the macro level, America would have to abandon any pretention of world moral lead ership. The U.S. would no longer be able to present itself as the standard-bearer of the "love thy-neighbor Christian Democracy" against the atheistic, expansionist and "evil" communism. Finally, America would have to stop preaching the gospel of human rights to El Salvador, Nicaragua, Poland, the Soviet Union and the African states. The United States could not at the same time tolerate domestic racism (be it in the name of the freedom of the individual) and condemn "oppressive" regimes abroad. Human rights issues are indivisible. Such is the connection between minority issues at Penn State, individual freedom of the citizen and American world role.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers