Thatcher stands firm on dispute British leader By MAUREEN JOHNSON Associated Press Writer LONDON (AP) Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher told shouting opposition members of Parliament yesterday she would not resign over the Falkland Islands crisis, and put an embargo on Argentine beef and other products. But with mounting criticism of her failure to avert'the Argentine seizure of the islands, panic gripped the London Stock Exchange and the pound tumbled amid fears the crisis could force the Conservative leader out of office. , Having staked her political future on reclaiming the remote British colony of 1,800 inhabitants that was seized Friday, Thatcher answered calls for her resignation by telling the House of COmmons: "No. Now is the time for strength and resolution." In Buenos Aires, Interior Minister Gen. Alfredo, Saint Jean told reporters the Argentine government will defend the Falklands "at any cost." The government continued to reinforce its garrisons on the islands, with a reported 300. soldiers plus a dozen trucks and various artillery pieces. But the Argentine foreign minister, Nicanor Costa Mendez, said last night that he is confident an "honorable and just peace" can be reached through negotiations. He made his comments in Washington after meeting with U.S. Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. The official Argentine news agency Telam claimed the Soviet government was supporting Argentina in the crisis Former Supreme Court Associate Justice Abe Fortas, who died Monday,'ls shown at left with President Lyndon Johnson, who appointed Fortas to the Court in 1965. United States can aid By CAROLYN PIUCCI Collegian Staff Writer The United States now has a chance to positively intervene in El Salvador because the people of that nation have, through recent elections, demonstrated they want a responsible government, two University experts said. Charles D. Ameringer, chairman of the Latin American studies major, said the United States - should take the opportunity to help ease the conflict in El Salvador by assisting the people, instead of just the government. Positive involvement should occur now because of extensive participation in the March 28 elections in El Salvador, Ameringer said "The recent elections in El Salvador were an outstanding expression on the part of the country's people, who want a more responsible government along with more peace," he said. However, John S. Nichols, assistant professor of journalism, said he is not sure the elections will change anything in the military government despite the strong showing at the polls. "The elections were an expression of many people who are tired of being repressed," Nichols, a consultant on Central America to the U.S. State Department, said. "But I am not sure the elections will amount to anything." Power has never been with government leaders, but instead has been with the military, Nichols said, adding that he is not sure the elections will change that control. In the elections, Ameringer said, the Salvadorans took the opportunity to choose their own government. "Despite all the violence during the elections the dta'ril;:.: - ._ . ••• - •,....._'••••_'......:''011e.,.:..:•.-lan vows she will not resign over Falkland crisis and that Soviet submarines were expected soon in surrounding waters. The Soviet Embassy and the Argentine government refused comment on the report. A spokesman for the British Foreign Office said last night when asked about the Telam report: "I find this quite remarkable. One of the pretexts Argentina gave for its invasion of the Falklands was the threat Soviet submarines posed in the area." In Moscow, the Soviet news agency Tass accused Britain of preparing for possible "aggression" against Argentina, but made no mention of any Soviet action. Pentagon spokesman Henry Catto told reporters in Washington that the U.S. government was steering a middle course in the dispute. West Germany and Switzerland sided with Britain and halted arms sales to Argentina and the Common Market urged Argentina to withdraw from the Falklands. Britain's Labor Party charged that Thatcher's government should have averted Argentina's seizure of the islands, pointing to press reports that intelligence sources in Buenos Aires gave London the full invasion plan 10 days ago. Thatcher insisted that the first London definitely knew of the impending attack was March 31, and said, "Even if we had known on March 19, we could not have got ships and fleet there in time." Asked about possible mediation by President Reagan, who has avoided taking sides and called for a peaceful, diplomatic solution, Thatcher stuck to her own position but said: people still stood in line and voted," Ameringer said. Past elections in El Salvador in 1972 and 1979 were also plagued with violence as well as military fraud. Experts believe the military disrupted the voting and counting of ballots in both elections. The fraudalent elections in 1979 led to a victory for Carlos Humberto Romero; however, his government was overthrown on Oct. 15, 1979, and a civilan-military junta took power and has remained in power until the recent elections. Under the recent election results, the Christian Democrat party won 24 out of 60 assembly seats, but right-wing parties have said they will be able to form the next government with or without the Christian Democrats. Now, Ameringer said, United States' foreign policy should be aimed at bringing together government leaders and guiding them to responsible leadership through negotiations. Too often in the past, the United States has supported anti-communist parties in El Salvador simply because they were the stable parties in power, Ameringer said. Those parties did not pay attention to economic and social needs of the people, he said. Nichols said that in the past the United States' goal in its El Salvador foreign policy has been to keep the Salvadoran guerillas off-balance and keep the existing military-civilian junta in power For years, the United States supported the moderate miltary government because it appeared to be stable and anti-communist, he said. The United States now has a chance to form a positive policy, by giving support to parties "We shall be very happy if anyone is able to secure the withdrawal of the Argentinians." Newspaper accounts said Thatcher's government ignored intelligence reports and did nothing to prevent the seizure of the sheep-farming South Atlantic archipelago, where studies have pinpointed potentially large oil deposits. Some observers in Buenos Aires said the Argentine junta was more concerned about diverting attention from domestic protests over economic problems than sovereignty over islands it has claimed since Britain E.k . S - :(1 . - 0-(0. - the - Court justice dead By KEVIN COSTELLOE. Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) Abe Fortas, the immigrant cabinetmaker's son whose brilliant legal mind and alliance with President Johnson led to a . Supreme Court career cut short by scandal, is dead at age 71. Fortas, the first Supreme Court justice to resign under the threat of impeachrrient by Congress, died Monday night when the main Fortas a pioneer of his era, prof says By RENAE HARDOBY Collegian Staff Writer Former Supreme Court Associate Justice Abe Fortas will be remembered as one of the pioneers of the Warren Court era, a University professor of constitutional law said yesterday. "When we think of that era, we'll naturally think first of Earl Warren, the chief justice, but I think people will think secondly of Abe Fortes," Bruce A. Murphy, assistant professor of. political science, said. He said he thinks it is "one of the great El Salvador, profs say Salvadorans chose to be in power, instead of a policy with the moderate government in El sterile anti-communist policy, Ameringer, author Salvador, Nichols said. of a forthcoming book on Costa Rica, said. Nichols said the United States' foreign policy should be one that says what the United States represents, not what it opposes. He agrees with Ameringer that the United States should take a positive stand on the El Salavador situation. Because of the elections in El Salvador, United States' efforts should be toward encouraging the forces of pluralism, or coalition governments, throughout Central America, Nichols said. U.S. foreign policy for the region should be one of compromise, instead of hard-line policy, Nichols, a contributing author to the book "Nicaragua in Revolution," said. As a start, the United States should now follow Mexico's lead and participate in negotiations with the left and right forces in El Salvador, both experts said. Mexico is extremely qualified to hold negotiations because it has given aid to Central Ameri6an countries and has experienced a similar revolution that ended in a one-party system that the United States supports, Nichols said. Ameringer said, "The Mexican initiative should be grabbed at to offer negotiations with the left." The United States had a similar opportunity with Guatemala in 1954. It originally supported a right-wing government, put it into power and then basically ignored it, Ameringer said. Since then Guatemala has not continued progress toward a democratic system, he said. Even though it ignored the government, the United States continued supplying military equipment to Guatemala and followed the same Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher took them over in 1833. Thatcher's government also is plagued by economic woes. Argentines, at first delighted by seizure of the islands, showed signs of nervousness about the approaching naval fleet. • In Britain, the national humiliation that cost Foreign Secretary Lord Carrington his job has resulted in a resurgence of national pride. The massive naval effort and the country's determination to safeguard the rights of the British citizens in the Falklands has won overwhelming public approval. By BRIAN E. BOWERS Collegian Staff Writer The University Faculty Senate yesterday passed legislation toughening requirements for graduation with honors and also discussed the possible abolition of the late drop policy. A baccalaureate degree student graduating with a 3.5 or better cummulative average will be eligible for graduation with honors only if he is in the top 12 percent of hit college, according to the legislation. Before the legislation, it was sufficient to have only a 3.5 average to graduate with honors. The percentage of graduates in each level of distinction will be: 2 percent with highest distinction, 4 percent with high distinction and 6 percent with distinction. The senate defeated a • recommendation to limit the percentage of students placed on the Dean's List by each college. When discussing legislation to edit the late drop policy to conform with the semester system, many senators objected to the fact that there was a late drop policy. The legislation was sent back to committee to show disapproval of the policy. Senators argued that the late drop policy wastes teaching resources by requiring additional sections to accommodate students who dropped the coursestefore. Also, many students do not make a real effort to do well in course knowing that they can drop it if they are not doing well. In other business, the senate heard vessel carrying blood from his heart burst. In a rare interview just four weeks ago, Fortas said he planned to continue his private law practice "until my clients retire me or the Lord retires me." Born in Memphis, Tenn. to a Jewish immigrant from England, Fortas rose to the heights of his profession as a member of the Supreme Court's liberal wing under then-Chief Justice Earl Warren. Shy but often tough-talking, Fortas refused to tragedies of Supreme Court history" that Fortas did not become"chief justice to continue the trends of the Warren Court. Murphy, author of a recent book on the extrajudicial activities of former Associate Justices Louis D. Brandeis and Felix Frankfurter, said he was "really sad" that Fortas was not selected chief justice because he served during a crucial period when the Court made many changes in Supreme Court doctrine, including the Miranda decision that required suspects in custody be read their constitutional rights before questioning. However, it objects to other countries, including Nicaragua and Cuba, sending arms to Salvadoran leftist guerrillas, he said. Both Nichols and Ameringer said they are convinced Nicaragua and Cuba are supplying arms to the leftist guerrillas in El Salvador. Supplying arms is not causing the revolution El Salvador, Nichols said, explaining that it is being caused by deep-rooted problems throughout the social structure in the country. The country has a long history of violence and revolution that started before Nicaragua and Cuba became involyed. "The sources of impending revolution are deep rooted and if Nicaragua and Cuba packed up and left, the revolution would still be there," Nichols said. Like the situation in El Salvador, the current political situation in Guatemala is unsettled because of the recent military overthrow, Ameringer said. The military regime of Gen. Fernanado Romeo Lucas Garcia was overthrown last month by the Guatemalan leftist junta, and the political stance of the junta is unclear at the moment. The day' after the overthrow, the junta suspended the constitution and all political activity. The leftist junta boycotted the elections on March 1 in which Gen. Angel Anibal Guevara beat Garcia. Nichols said the situation in Guatemala is critical because the forces are in motion and could be in the early stages of "holocaust." The United States has no leverage of influence in Guatemala even though it may have some in other countries, Nichols said. Faculty Senate may abolish late drop 20° Wednesday April 7, 1982 Vol. 82, No. 149 24 pages University Park, Pa. 16802 Published by studenls of The Pennsylvania State University a report stating that the climate for research at Commonwealth campuses is poor. , The report by the Senate Committee on Research said that research by Commonwealth campus faculty is difficult because of heavy teaching loads, inadequate facilities, hard-to obtain sabbaticals and few research grants. The report said publication of material is weighted too heavily in the promotion and tenure policies of the University. Commonwealth campus faculty cannot meet the requirements in this area as easily as faculty at University Park because of the restrictions mentioned. The problem could be helped by giving more support to faculty at Commonwealth campuses and by weighing scholarly activity such as course outlining and consultation services in the promotion and tenure process, the report said. The senate also heard a report on the maintenance and general appearance of the University and how they affect teaching. The Senate Committee on Academic and Physical Planning reported that classroom maintenance is poor. Trash is often on the floor, chalk is not available and problems exist with lighting, heating and ventilation in many classrooms, according to the report. The report suggests that if faculty have complaints about maintenance, they should report to the physical plant coordinator in their college. Also, faculty and students should take better care to keep the rooms clean when using them. discuss the events that led to his resignation on May 15, 1969, following the disclosure that he had agreed to accept a $20,000 annual fee from a foundation headed by imprisoned financier Louis E. Wolfson. "Oh, come on, I'm not going into that," Fortas snapped in the recent interview with The Associated Press. Fortas had served as one of Johnson's closest advisers before he was named to the high court in 1965. "It's staggering to think how history would've been if Abe Fortas had become chief justice instead of Warren Burger," he said. James Eisenstein, professor of political science, said Fortas would be remembered for his opinion in the Gault case, in which the Court extended most of the Bill of Rights to juvenile offenders. University Professor Edward Keynes, who teaches several constitutional law and American government courses, was • unavailable for comment. Please see FORTAS, Page 12. • ARHS President Chris Calkins invalidates Pollock•Nittany elec tions because of improper election procedures Page 2 • The State College Parking Au thority takes another step toward building the Fraser Street parking garage by deciding to interview architects • An accident in College Town ship kills a Clinton County woman and seriously injures her daughter. Page 17 Winter has returned. A few morn ing flurries give way to partly sunny skies today. It will be breezy with high temperatures around 33. Grad ually increasing cloudiness over night with low temperatures near 25. Mostly cloudy with snow devel oping tomorrow. High near 35. —by Mark Stunder Arts Comics/crossword Faculty profile News briefs 'Opinions Sports State/nation/world. inside weather index Page 2
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers