■IV‘ A t£>V*';' 4.v?j f'A^ t 'll '<!•*■.:• </5 , 3 rail 7% , ! ,f ' , r • imf 'kffi-- f:f : » ’ > Y~>s V- / Squirre/'s-eye view “A nut! ” was the only charge the squirrel made of the photographer who took this shot. Nuclear weapon use clearance questioned WASHINGTON (UPI) Retired Vice Adm. Gerald Miller said yesterday the commander of the North American Air Defense Command is authorized to fire nuclear-tipped antiaircraft weapons against a wartime Soviet bomber attack without specific presidential clearance. Miller said the authority related to the launching of Nike-Hercules antiaircraft missiles. But he said he understood “action is underway in the Defense Department to revoke this authorization in the near future.” Miller, who retired in 1974 as deputy director of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, said the delegation of authority was made at a time when the United States was deeply concerned about bomber attacks. “The delegation has outlived its usefulness in defending'against an at tack,” he told newsmen attending his testimony before a House subcommittee on international security affairs. He said the special delegation of power to the NORAD commander had been disclosed before by Gen. Earl Partridge in 1964, when he commanded NORAD. Miller testified before the House subcommittee on international security and scientific affairs, which is con sidering drafting a resolution opposing the first use of nuclear weapons by the United States. Miller said authority to launch major nuclear warfare rests “firmly in the hands of the civilian hierarchy”, with the sole exception. of the NORAD commander. “The nuclear systems he controls are low in yield, purely defensive in nature, and would be used over friendly territory or open seas,” Miller said. Police protect against IRA “Weapons he might launch would be in response to a threat of first use’ by the opposition-the Soviet Union and under actual war conditions. While Miller, in his prepared testimony, did not identify the systems the NORAD commander controls, they are apparently six squadrons of FIO6A interceptors which can carry nuclear tipped “Genie” aid-to-air rockets, or “Falcon” air-to-air missiles with con ventional warheads. NORAD is a combined U.S.-Canadian defense command located at Colorado Springs, Colo. The current commander is Gen. Daniel “Chappy” James, one of the highest ranking black officers in the U.S. Air Force. “In earlier days of nuclear weapons,” Miller said, “I can recall discussions about situations where an isolated commander, cut off from other units, out of communication with higher authority, facing annihilation, and knowing that a nuclear exchange was taking place, might feel justified in using nuclear weapons without receiving authority from higher levels. “However, as our nuclear capability increased and pressure for more civilian control of the military depeloped, procedures, devices and education have all been brought together to produce circumstances where it would be vir tually impossible for a military com mander to use the weapons in his command without Presidential release authority. Miller said that if a president should die suddenly, the authority to use nuclear weapons would move to the next legally installed president and would not flow to military commanders. LONDON(UPI) An army of 1,000 police, some packing pistols in shoulder holsters, rode “shotgun” on London’s subway trains yesterday, searching commuters and their baggage in an effort to thwart the IRA bomb war. It was the first time in the 113-year history of London's underground train system that Scotland Yard ordered armed protection for subway riders. The Yard canceled police leave and ordered the operation, including about 100 armed plainclothesmen, following the discovery Wednesday of a nine-pound bomb hidden in a briefcase and planted out of sight under a subway train seat cushion. It was the third subway bomb since Monday. One exploded prematurely, injuring seven passengers. The bomber shot the train driver to death, wounded a pursuer and turned the gun on himself. He was in critical condition in a hospital under guard. Another bomb exploded in an Collegian Vol. 7fl, No. 133 18 pig* t Unir ••HyPark,P*nniyl«anlr the daily Church in presidential race IDAHO CITY, Idaho (UPI) Sen. Frank Church, D-Idaho, yesterday at tacked the democratic leadership for ‘‘weakness and fear” and announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. Church made the announcement from the boardwalk in front of the red brick courthouse in the mining town where his grandfather settled during the Gold Rush. He told the crowd of more than 2,000 who traveled by buses and cars the 42 miles from Boise to the mountain village for the announcement that he was late entering the race because he wanted Vote waits for Monday deadline Senate GOP yields on WASHINGTON (UPI) Senate Republican leaders, beaten twice this week in efforts to keep the federal election campaign law intact, gave up yesterday under threat of a filibuster and allowed the Senate to continue making sweeping changes The Senate resumed - work on amendments and then decided to defer the whole issue until Monday, the deadline set by the Supreme Court for reconstituting the Federal Election Commission. Until the Republicans yielded, senators had voted in favor of changes, voted to scrap them, reoffered them and won or lost again amid mass confusion on the Senate floor. Sen. James Allen, D-Ala., threatened a filibuster against what he called “a power play to cut the Senate off’’ from its drive to reform the campaign law on many NSCAR The National Student Coalition Against Racism (NSCAR) accused the University of non-compliance with the department of Health, Education and Welfare’s Affirmative Action program at its meeting last night. The program was designed to increase minority employment and enrollment. NSCAR plans to file a formal com plaint with HEW later this month. Under the Affirmative Action program, minority enrollment and employment must equal the percentage of mihority populations in the state. Federal money is distributed according to these figures. There is not a fair proportion of black students at PSU, according to NSCAR Heller calls By MIKE JOSEPH Collegian Copyeditor To repair the economy’s deepest and longest recession since the Great Depression, the United States needs a Democratic president, nationally known economist Walter W. Heller told reporters yesterday. “Republicans are too restrictive,” Heller said in the J. Orvis Keller Con ference Center. “Republicans have no faith in the potential of the economy.’.’ Heller was the chief economic adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, and he is a consultant to President Ford. He said Ford’s economy is too tight with money, too concerned with budget restrictions and too oblivious to the benefits of full employment. “Ford is conscientious, sincere and wrong,” Heller said. With the economy running at 80 per cent of capacity $l5O billion below its potential and with an excess of unemployed, Heller said job creativity programs should be implemented. “I believe in a straight line between two economic points,” he said. Job corps, public service programs and summer employment could be furnished directly to “nook and cranny” areas regions such as the Allegheny Mountains where unemployment is severe, he said. Heller said Ford vetoed the public service and public works job bills because he felt the programs were too expensive, adding that all Ford’s close economic advisers are too conservative. empty subway train waiting to pick up soccer fans coming out of a night game Tuesday. Hundreds of rush hour subway passengers had their bags and cases searched in scores of the system’s 270 stations. Other officers patrolled the crowded compartments. Tighter security also was imposed on overground commuter trains. Trains emptying at end of line stations were immediately searched by railroad employes and security staff before being allowed out again. Police announced two possible leads to the bombers. One was an automobile parked 200 yards from Stepney Green subway station in East London where Mon day’s gunman bomber was believed to have boarded the train he blew up. The vehicle contained wires and other materials, police said. In another possible break, Scotland Yard said it had found an apartment in south London that had been used as a • bomb factory. first to complete the work of his Senate committee investigating intelligence agencies. But he said, “It’s never too late, nor are the odds ever too great, to try. “In that spirit the West was won, and in that spirit I now declare my can didacy for president of the United States.” The senator who has represented Idaho for 19 years said the tragedies of recent years “spring from a leadership principally motivated by fear, from men of little faith. “It is leadership of weakness and fear that grants a full pardon to a former points. Allen objected to an amendment offered by Sen. Howard W. Cannon, D-Nev., which would have cut off all further action and preserved all but one of the changes adopted on the floor this week. Assistant GOP Leader Robert P. Griffin of Michigan, who favors a simple bill reconsituting the Federal Election Commission along the lines ordered by the Supreme Court, withdrew another of his efforts to force through a substitute measure to that effect in the face of Allen’s filibuster threat. A filibuster could have carried the Senate past the court’s deadline for action reconstituting the election commission, which administers the system of federal matching campaign fund grants to presidential can didates. charges member Bob Ross. Blacks constitute almost ten per cent of Pennsylvania’s population but only 1.9 per cent of the University’s enrollment, he added. NSCAR claims the university is in flating its enrollment figures to receive money from HEW. Ross added that the university is not living up to its own report of the problems and solutions. This report, released in 1975, called for a concentrated, effort in recruiting and maintaining blackenrollment. “What they say is fine, but what they are doing is not,” Ross said. The university is still insensitive to black policies, Ross added. Nothing has been done to rectify the cuts in special programs for blacks, he said. Ford's policies too restrictive He said a 5 per cent unemployment rate could be reached in less than three years rather than in the five years Ford planned. “Ford has no program for curbing inflation except keeping unemployment high,” Heller said. Current unemployment is 7.8 per cent. But overall, Heller was optimistic about the economy. He said labor costs were rising far less than in any other country in the world. He called the economy “very strong” adding that when W. T. Grant Co. went out of business, “it was a superficial thing.” Will the economy ever reach the strength it had in the early and mid 60’s when college graduates could find jobs easily? “It will be a long time before we see too many dollars chasing too few goods,” Heller said. “We won’t get back to full em ployment without wage restraints on overly powerful unions and industries,” he said. Such restraints will not eliminate competition, but “they will make the system competitive where it is not,” he added. Full employment does not mean the 3.3 per cent level enjoyed at the end of the Johnson administration because the demands for the war influenced that number, he said. “But anyone who says full employment cannot be reached without a war is nuts,” he said. “To get back to full employment will take brains, ingenuity and guts,” Heller said, “and we have a better chance under Democrats than Republicans. Morton may fill campaign post Callaway flights prompt inquiry WASHINGTON (AP) A formal inquiry was launched yesterday into the waiver of charter airplane regulations for flights to a Colorado ski resort partly owned by Howard H. “Bo” Callaway, President Ford’s suspended campaign manager. Meanwhile, White House sources said Callaway is almost certain to be replaced permanently by Rogers C. B. Morton, former Maryland congressman, former Republican national chairman, former secretary of the interior and of commerce. “It’s all a question of timing,” said one White House source who asked not to be named. The charter flight inquiry was an nounced by the Civil Aeronautics Board, which granted the waivers starting in 1968 to landing sites near the ski resort. “The board has no information in dicating improprieties in the grant of diversify Park, Pennsylvania Published by Students of The Pennsylvania Stale University Ten cents per copy president for whatever crimes he committed in the White House but looks the other way while his subordinates stand trial,” he said. “It is leadership of weakness and fear which insists that we must imitate the Russians in our treatment of foreign peoples, adopting their methods of bribery, blackmail, abduction and coercion as if they were our own. “And it is a leadership of weakness and fear which permits the most powerful agencies of our government, the CIA, the FBI and Internal Revenue Service, to systematically ignore the University bias “The university uses slick wording in the report,” Ross said. The report said the University should recruit 1600 blacks, including. 200 in the Equal Opportunity Program (EOP). The people in EOP aren’t necessarily blacks, he said. But the University tells HEW they are recruiting 1600 blacks to get the full appropriation, he added. “In my opinion, their report was a waste of time, money and paper,” Ross said. ' . “Penn State still possesses a lot of the Jim Crow attitude,” he said. “They haven’t begun to deal fairly with people and must realize that black enrollment does not equal its proportion of the Pennsylvania population.” Keller Conference Center yesterday any waiver or exemptions,” the CAB statement said. “However, the board is undertaking a review of the cir cumstances under which the waivers were granted." The Rocky Mountain News published an article saying that Callaway arranged one or more meetings between CAB officials and his brother-in-law to speed up the charter flight permit. . Callaway, a onetime Richard M. Nixon campaign official and a former Georgia congressman, resigned as secretary of the Army to head Ford’s re election campaign. The President, voicing full confidence in Callaway’s integrity, suspended him from that job last Saturday at Callaway’s request, he said after reports were published that Callaway pressured the Agriculture Department, while in the cabinet, to grant favors to the ski resort. very laws intended to protect the liberties of the people. “These are crimes against freedom, and they won’t be cured by the cosmetic changes proposed by President Ford. He is clearly most concerned . .. about the exposure of such crimes. I am most concerned about their commission.” Departing from his prepared speech, Church said he was amazed that former president Richard Nixon, in response to questions from the Senate committee, said a president as a sovereign has the right to break the law if necessary to protect the nation. FEC law One reform measure still alive was an amendment by Sen. Robert Taft, R-Ohio, adopted by voice vote, which would cut presidential candidates off from public financing if they fail to get at least 10 per cent of the vote in two consecutive primaries Another amendment still alive unless the Senate overturns it next week is a proposal by Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., to eliminate restrictions on the speaking fees a member of Congress can earn. Other amendments to date would: Raise the amount the two national parties can contribute to an individual candidate to $2,000. The current limit is $5,000 each in the primary, run-off election and general election. Restore Justice Department authority over FEC decisions. Penn State has a bad name in the black community because of its policies, Ross said. “Oswald has added 14 vice presidents but none are black and none in the minority affairs area,” he said. Blacks have advocated the ap pointment of a vice president for minority affairs, Ross said. He could handle the problems of enrollment, recruitment and retention of black ' faculty and staff, Ross' added. In other business: —NSCAR formulated plans ttfattend the busing demonstration scheduled for April 24 in Boston. —NSCAR discussed the possibility of a rally and teach-in taking place April 3 and 4. A White House spokesman said yesterday the question of replacing Callaway on a permanent basis “is under study, but nothing has been worked out yet.” He said several, days might pass before a formal an nouncement. Ford’s press secretary, Ron Nessen, told newsmen that Callaway was ac companied by his attorney, Jerris Leonard, to a 30-minute White House meeting Wednesday. Winter will fall today and you’ll be sim mering in spring tomorrow. Becoming mostly sunny, breezy, and warm today. High 65. Mostly clear and mild tonight. Low "47. Partly sunny and unbelievably warm. High 71. Variable cloudiness with a shower Sunday but continued mild. High 60. Weather
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