All non-boycotters stop here THIS TEMPLE MARKET counter clerk surveys the meat situation trom a dif ferent viewpoint than the consumers. Beaver ZOO wins Zeta Omega Omega, the social fraternity housed on the third floor of Beaver Hall, has been chartered by the Undergraduate Student Government. ZOO has been in existence for five years and one member said the charter "simply made the organization official in the University." The fraternity is unique among Penn State's 50 social fraternities because it is not a member of the Interfraternity Council. It is a local fraternity with no chapters at other schools. ZOO president John Szada said, "The floor has always been very tight knit, and ZOO was alive before any of us lived here." Bill Koslow, floor resident assistant, suggested the chartering of the fraternity last term and the floor residents agreed unanimously. Koslow said besides making the fraternity official, the charter gives the floor control over who lives there. The fraternity plans to rush for new mem bers this term. Twenty five of the current 66 members will live on the floor next year. Because it is now an official student organization, ZOO may utilize University facilities and may request funds from Associated Student Ac- Code kept prisoners informed the daily goes Greek: charter tivities. ZOO plans to convert its study lounge into a suite. Although the fraternity has mem bership dues and plans rushing, pledging and brotherization programs, Koslow said the majority of the members are anti-traditional Greeks. Koslow said becoming a social fraternity was a way to get a charter and said ZOO members share the common goals and common ideals of brotherhood but do not agree with the life style of traditional fraternities. He added, "ZOO is a fraternity with a totally different living style, a dormitory as opposed to a house." Koslow said although 12 floor residents are now pledges or brothers of another fraternity, most ZOO members never have rushed another fraternity. Koslow said the fraternity "provides a greater sense of community on the floor, closer feelings of friendship among the men, a greater respect for University facilities and a tighter organization in the floor than is ordinarily brought about by grouping of people by Shields." The fraternity now is working with housing to provide special regulations for drinking on the floor and with Shields for special consideration in room assignments for the next year. —PH VIRGINIA BEACH, VA. (AP) An ingenious communications network, in which every cough, whistle or scratch of a hoe had secret meaning, served as an underground newspaper for American captives in North Vietnam, keeping them informed of camp activity and bucking up their morale. "The amounts of information we passed along would an;iaze you," Lt. Cmdr. William M. Tschudy, who spend nearly eight years in seven different prisons in and near Hanoi, said. "For instance, if they had a big transfer of prisoners from one place to another, we'd know in 24 hours the names of everybody there and where they were located." Tschudy said the prisoners' main concern was keeping track of one anothers' names, continually refining lists of captives, which they memorized. In addition, they swapped jokes, chatted about old times, mocked their captors, spent endless hours discussing food and shared such useful tips for survival as how to pick handcuff locks with a wire. The basis of the system was a tap code. Although some elements have been disclosed, the Pentagon asked that details not be divulged in case some men missing in action might be using it. "We also whistled a lot," Tschudy said. "I've been in places that at times sounded like a bird cage." C • Ilegian Photo by J.D. Donovan No specific intervention pledge Presidents threaten reactions SAN CLEMENTE, Calif. (AP) President Nixon and President Nguyen Van Thieu threatened "vigorous reactions" against Communist cease fire violations yesterday as Nixon promised substantial postwar economic aid for South Vietnam. • But the communique crowning two days of summit talks at the Western White House made no specific pledge of renewed U.S. military intervention and gave no specific dollar figure for what it termed an "adequate and substantial" economic aid program. Nixon and Thieu pledged in farewell remarks to make joint efforts to con solidate the fragile Indochina peace. Thieu came to Nixon's oceanside retreat seeking a guarantee that the United States would intervene militarily in response to any blatant violations of the cease-fire agreement signed two months ago. In the 1,500-word communique, Nixon ruled out none of his options. But the document did not contain a precise Short boycott may hurt consumer By ELAINE HERSCHER Collegian Contributing Editor Conscientious boycotters who end their week of meatless penance by dining on T-bone steak may find their efforts to bring prices down more harm ful than helpful. 'According to George E. Brandow, a professor of agricultural economics who will testify today before a Congressional committee concerning food prices, "in the short run the boycott has obviously had an effect." Brandow cited some wholesale meat price declines and layoffs in the meat packing industry. "If consumers kept doing this there would be a dramatic effect on prices," he said. But, Brandow said, if c „turners are to lower prices, a much longer boycott will have to be maintained. "If they go back and spend just as freely as they ever did the effects will be negligible," he said. Another professor of agricultural economics, H. Louis Moore, agreed, adding th - at in the short run a boycott could be harmful to both consumers and the meat industry if not continued for several months. Moore noted the American meat production system, however un satisfactory to its citizens, is an efficient one. By boycotting for a short period, he said, consumers force wholesalers to lay off union _workers who must receive wages for 36 hours of work regardless of how much time they put in. "Disruption means inefficiency," he said, "and inefficiency could mean higher prices." Wholesalers must also cut back on meat production to accommodate lower demand. If consumers hit the stores next week eager for meat, wholesalers will be forced to sell it for the maximum price they can get to compensate for their loss. Consumer contribution to temporary chaos in the meat market, he said, will not help. Indications so far are that shoppers will find it hard to exist indefinitely without meat. Many grocers across the nation reported heavy meat sales last week, estimating shoppers were stocking up before the boycott. Moore said one of the retailers with whom he deals last week reported "meat sales Were the best they ever had." Of about 40 State College consumers interviewed by The Daily Collegian, most said they had been buying less meat than normal' for weejcs because prices are too steep. Both Brandow and Moore blamed those prices on consumers themselves, Tschudy said the day he was driven into the Hanoi Hilton compound, June 20, 1965, two days after he was shot down over Thanh Hoa, the camp burst into whistled renditions of "America the Beautiful," "It's a Grand Old Flag," and "God Bless America." "That did two things," he said, "It informed prisoners who couldn't see my arrival that a new man was in camp, and it let me know that I wasn't alone. I tell you it sounded awfully good to me at that point." As the months and years passed, Tschudy said, the communications system grew gradually more sophisticated. "We developed a sort of shorthand for our tap code," he said. "It not only made it much faster to pass information, but also much more difficult to break. If they ever broke the code, there's no evidence of it." A major aim, Tschudy said, was simply to keep "I taught four guys how to extract square roots," track of everybody. The cells were shuttered, but Tschudy said, "solely by tapping on the walls. First, some had Oily cracks and the men constructed other I had to teach myself. I spent hours trying to peepholes. They had to keep track constantly remember how it was done, finally remembered, because there were periodic transfers of prisoners and when a new man would come I'd ask him if he as well as new arrivals. f knew how to extract square roots. If he said no, I'd "If I were washing my clothes, for instance," Tschudy said, "I would snap them in the air. The guards thought I was just drying them. But I would "We also passed the time in games like naming guarantee of renewed U.S. military involvement. The two leaders, meeting less than a week after the United States formally ended its military mission in South Vietnam, said they "viewed with great concern infiltrations of men and weapons in sizeable numbers from North Vietnam into South Vietnam .. ." They declared "actions which would threaten the basis for the agreement" signell in Paris "would call for ap propriately vigorous reactions." The cease-fire, especially its provisions on military forces and sup plies, "must be faithfully implemented if . . prospects for a peaceful settlement are to be assured," the communique said. It added that Nixon told Thieu the United States "views violations of any provision of the agreement with great and continuing concern." Nixon and Thieu, before making their final farewells, made brief statements to reporters. Nixon said he and Thieu seek a peace "which we all hope will be the wave of the future." including also, the general inflationary trend. From 1964-72, the retail cost of meat increased 46 per cent, Moore said. In those years consumer disposable income increased 127 per cent. With an increase in income almost triple the meat upswing, Americans went from 85 pounds of meat per capita in 1960 to 116 pounds last year. "Higher wages continued to fan consumer desire for beef," Moore said, adding an in crease of two pounds per capita is ex pected this year. "The supply of beef per person is at an all-time high," Brandow said, con tradicting the consumer cry that meat is scarce. It isn't scarce, he said, Americans just want more than ever before, and.by buying expensive meats, they increase the strain on their own pockets. "As a source of protein, beef is the most wasteful," Brandow said. "For every eight calories consumed (by Committee okays freeze WASHINGTON (AP) The House Banking Committee voted yesterday for a freeze on prices and interest rates at their March 16 levels but approved a rollback in food prices to May 1, 1972. The committee, considering legislation to extend the Economic Stabilization Act for another year, took the action after defeating a move to roll back food prices to their Jan. 11 levels. That's the date President Nixon im posed his Phase 3 economic controls. Republicans in a strategic move joined several Democrats on the com mittee in approving the May 1, 1972 price rollback date. They argued that because the provision is so impractical, it would -be defeated on the House floor. The committee approved the general price and interest rate freeze 21 to 17 on nearly straight party lines. Weather Rainy, breezy and cool today, high 47. Windy and turning colder tonight with rain tapering off and changing to snow flurries, low 32. Tomorrow, mostly cloudy, windy and cold with snow flurries, high 38. nap out, 'WT SM'. That would tell everybody that William Tschudy and Scotty Morgan were in the wash area. We would just let everybody know we were still around." The former prisoner said each man had a per sonal song. "If somebody heard a guy walking past whistling "The Yellow Rose of Texas,' he'd say, 'There goes Bill Tschudy.' " In their cells, men gave priority to information such as details of "quizzes," their term for in terrogation sessions that often involved torutre. They passed the word about answers they had given so that the next man, asked the same question, could give a consistent answer. The prisoners also chatted endlessly simply to occupy their minds and break the monotony of isolation. teach him, then we'd give each other problems to solve. LIBRARY 12 COPIES 'ednesday, April 4, 1973 niversity Park Pennsylvania Vol. 73, No. 120 12 pages üblished by Students of The Pennsylvania State University Thieu said the summit "marks an end and a beginning" the end of a difficult period for both nations and the starting point for seeking what Nixon has called "a generation of peace for the whole world." The two presidents walked side by side to the helicopter that took Thieu to San Diego. In addition to Nixon's pledge of sub stantial postwar aid in the years ahead, the communique included , these major points: Nixon said he intends "to seek congressional support for a longer range program for the economic development of South Vietnam now that the war has ended." Nixon affirmed that the United States expects to continue, "in ac cordance with its constitutional processes," to supply the Saigon government "with the material means for its defense" consistent with the cease-fire agreement. The two leaders agreed "a regional reconstruction program," presumably including postwar aid to Hanoi, "will cattle) there is one calorie worth of beef," he said, citing the wasted parts of the cow. "This is the prime reason why beef is so high priced. Cattle get a more technically skilled ration of food than people, the principle source being soybean meal. If people consumed their crops for cattle feed directly, we could feed a much larger population." Moore emphasized, "Farmers haven't been holding back on production" in recent months. From December 1972 to February 1973 retail meat prices in creased 14 per cent, he said. But ac cording to Moore's figures, the wholesaler's costs increased 17 per cent and the price of cattle raising was up 18 per cent in those months. The so-called middle-man, the wholesaler, is not to blame for high prices, Moore said. Answering the demands of many consumer groups concerning a federally imposed 15 per cent price rollback, he said it would The vote to roll back food prices to their May -1, 1972 levels carried 23 to 11. On the later vote, to move the date up to Jan. 11, the committee turned it down 22 to 15. Rep. Frank Annunzio, D-111., sponsor of the amendment, said food prices should be rolled back to last year's levels because labor unions will demand and receive big wage increases this year to reflect higher food costs and these price increases will be passed on to the con sumer. The committee completed work on the first section of the bill, which also would order the President to make price rollbacks at the March 16 level within 60 days. If the bill should pass both houses, Nixon is expected to veto it. Most Republican members of the committee voted for the food-price amendment after Rep. Garry Brown, R- Mich., declared it a strategic move. "This legislation is impossible," Brown said. "To the extent that we can make it worse, there may be order out of chaos because it would be so impossible the House would have to vote it down." "Like hell we killed the bill," Annunzio told a reporter who suggested that it might. increase the prospects of a lasting peace in the area." They voiced hopes the Laotian cease-fire agreement will be fully im plemented, expressed their "grave concern" that North Vietnamese troops had not been withdrawn from Laos and Cambodia and agreed that such a with drawal "should be quickly im plemented." Nixon informed Thieu of his "great interest" in the negotiations in Paris between the Saigon government and the Viet Cong on a political settlement in South Vietnam, and Thieu said his government is insisting the talks "fully insure the right of self-determination by the South Vietnamese people . . ." The communique's warning of "vigorous reactions" came within hours after Defense Secretary Elliot L. Richardson told Congress if Hanoi launched another massive invasion the United States would have to consider "reintroduction of air support." Richardson said he considers such an invasion unlikely. cause a production cutback. With a reduced supply, the gap between supply and demand would widen even further resulting in black market selling. Brandow predicted food prices would continue to rise into September and possibly beyond. He said he plans to advise the Subcommittee on Consumer Economics of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress to explore avenues" that don't unduly inflate monetary policy." One way, he said, would be to hold down union wage in creases that add to inflation. Neither economist said he was boycotting personally. "If I don't boycott, consumers will be angry with me," Moore said. "If I do, the farmer will think I betrayed him." "We haven't had steak in our house in more than a year," Brandow said. "If all housewives were as careful as my wife, we might not have these problems." The Nixon administration is.strongly opposed to the freeze legislation now before the committee and has hinted that President Nixon would veto any such bill if it got to him. But the administration's request for a straightforward one-year extension of the Economic Stabilization Act, which gives the President broad authority to control wages and prices, was rejected 25 to 15. That move suggested the panel is ready to send to the floor much stronger legislation, perhaps than the congressionally mandated freeze. The Economic Stabilization Act ex pires _April 30. It gives the President flexible powers in controlling the economy, without directing him what to do. The price of food on May 1, 1972 was much lower than now. The food-price surge began last spring and failed to level off despite administration predictions. The committee refused to include wages, salaries, profits and dividends in the freeze legislation. The vote was 24 to the states in alphabetical order, state capitals, and world's highest waterfall, that sort of thing. "And if a guy was down, we'd buck him up. During some of the rougher periods we did a lot of this. It gave us a sense of unity, of comradeship. It's the way a lot of us were able to survive." Tschudy said every device possible was used to communicate. At one camp they even etched messages on nuts that grew on a tree in camp. "We stole everything we could get our hands on scraps of paper, bits of wire, pencil lead. Everybody had his own cache." Tschudy said a great morale booster was mocking their captors' fractured English. "Whenever they would say something like. 'Don't change horseshoes in the middle of the stream,' or that somebody had 'let the cat into the bag,' we'd spread it around and get a big kick out of it. "One guy -told me that during an interrogation by a certain Vietnamese who was particularly proud of his English, the V leaned back and said most profoundly, 'You must remember that right or wrong, just is just.' "The guy almost broke up, but he could see how proud the V was of the expression, so he leaned forward, looked him straight in the eye and said, `You bet. Right or wrong, just is just.' "
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