The Weekly Summer Edition Vol. 69, No. 142 associated press New Scop e The World U.S. Reduces Vietnam Commitment SAIGON The United States took another step yesterday in reducing its combat commitment in South Vietnam. hand ing over a Mekong Delta base to South Vietnam's 7th Division. The fire support 'base Moore at Cai Lay, 45 miles southwest of Saigon, is being abandoned by the Ist Brigade of the U.S. 9th Infantry division. About 7.400 men of the Ist Brigade will begin leaving for Hawaii in a week. In all, 25.000 U.S. soldiers and Marines will have left the war in Vietnam by the end of August. Some soldiers of the 9th Division already have returned to the United States. When the pullout is completed 11.400 will have left. The 9th's Ist Brigade has seen plenty of combat with the Viet Cong in the rice paddies, the streams and canals of the Mekong Delta. The 7th Vietnamese Division is the main one assigned to continue the battle in the Mekong Delta as South Vietnam gradually assumes greater combat responsibility with modern U.S. arms and tire support. Spanish Prince Swears Loyalty MADRID Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon, who one day will be king of Spain, solemnly swore yesterday night to be loyal always to the system built by Gen. Francisco Franco in 30 years as the nation's leader. The 31-year-old prince, standing before an extraordinary session of the- Cortes, Spain's parliament, vowed: "Yes, I swear loyalty to his excellency the chief of, state and fidelity to the principles of the National Movement and other fun damental laws of the kingdom." The National Movement is Spain's only legal political organization. With this oath, Juan Carlos became Prince of Spain, a new title, and a king-to-be, fulfilling a plan launched more than two decades ago by the 76-year-old generalissimo. High on the dais of the Cortes, Franco watched im passively as the prince took the oath. The Nation National League Takes All-Star Victory WASHINGTON Willie McCovey's record-tying two home runs powered the National League sluggers to a 9-3 rout of the American League yesterday, their seventh straight vic tory in the All-Star baseball game series. McCovey's two homers matched the feats of Arky Vaughan of Pittsburgh in 1941, by Ted Williams of Boston in 1946 and Al Rosen of Cleveland in 1954. A sellout crowd of 45,259, including Vice President Spiro Agnew braved a constant threat of rain on a hot, muggy af ternoon to see the 40th renewal after heavy thundershowers Tuesday night forced a one-day postponement. President Nix on. who was to attend the night game, had to leave for his trip to the astronaut's splashdown in the Pacific today. MIMEMM EDGARTOWN, Mass. The five girls who stayed behind at the party which preceded Sen. Edward M. Kennedy's auto accident last weekend on Chappaquiddick Island didn't know about the accident until the following morning, one of the five was quoted as saying yesterday. And in a related development yesterday, th e Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles made a preliminary ruling of "serious fault" against Kennedy in the accident and suspended his driver's license. The wreck occurred either late Friday night or early Saturday morning as Kennedy was driving a sixth girl at the party Miss Mary Jo Kopechne, 28, of Washington, D.C. to catch a ferry.-' - The car skidded off a narrow bridge and landed upside down in a tidal pond. Kennedy escaped with a mild concussion and strained neck muscles. Miss Kopechne drowned. In a copyright story in yesterday's Worcester Gazette, Miss Esther Newburg, 26, one of the five young women who remained behind at the party, was quoted as saying that she and the other girls weren't told of the accident until Saturday morning. She said they learned about it from Joseph F. Gargan, Kennedy's first cousin and a close political and personal friend, as he was driving them to the ferry. Gargan was the one who rented the small cottage where the party was held. Miss Newburg said her watch wasn't working and she wasn't certain what time it was when Gargan told them of the accident. Asked whether it could have been 8 a.m. to 8:30, she said: "It could have been. I really don't know." Kennedy is accused of leaving the scene because he didn't report the wreck until almost 10 a.m. Saturday, more than eight hours after it happened. The Registry of Motor Vehicles, in a statement released in Boston, said suspension of Kennedy's license would'remain in effect until a hearing is held in the case. "If the hearing results in a finding of no serious fault on Sen. Kennedy's part," the statement said, "his driver's license will be reinstated. If the hearing confirms the preliminary finding of serious fault, the license suspension will be changed to a revocation, which by law must remain in effect for at least six months." '* * * June Living Costs Continue to Rise WASHINGTON The nation's worst inflationary spiral in 18 years quickened in June with a six-tenths of one per cent rise in living costs, and the government offered little hope yesterday of any slowdown soon. The worst news for American consumers was at the grocery store, especially the meat counter, where food prices continued to soar at an annual rate of seven per cent. Meat, poultry and fish were up 4.5 per cent in one month alone. "Most other services and commodities also showed in creases," including housing, clothing, transportation and medical care, said Assistant Commissioner Arnold Chase of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The over-all rise in living costs, nearly half of it caused by soaring food prices, boosted the Labor Department's Con sumer Price Index to 127.6. This showed it cost $12.76 last month for every 110 worth of typical family living expenses in the 1917-59 period on which the index is based. The increase for Tune was eight cents on every $lO worth. Chase declined to predict whether President Nixon's anti inflationary measures might soon slow the rate of evaporation of Americans' purchasing power. The Bureau also reported that 45 million rank-and-file workers averaged record high paychecks of $115.:6 a week in June, a gain of 46 cents in purchasing power despite rising prices. But their buying power was down 38 cents in the past year because of higher prices and taxes. The June living costs rounding out the first half of 1969 showed rising prices wil wipe out another nickel of the 1957-59 dollar if the rate of increase continues the rest of the year. The dollar of a decade ago has already shrunk to 78.4 cents. The State Sniper Fire Kills One, Injures 50 YORK Fear, rain and a dusk-to-dawn curfew backed up by police and National Guard armored units combined yester day to keep residents off the streets in this usually bustling in dustrial city that has been torn by a week of sporadic sniper fire. One person has been killed and at least'so others injured since the outbreak began Thursday night on the city's west side. Since then, hit-and-run tactics of the snipers have kept police on the move throughout the city. The number of incidents decreased Tuesday night and yesterday as National Guard troops, ordered into the city by Gov. Raymond P. Shafer, set up road blocks and patrolled neighborhoods. The police command post in city hall said there were numerous reports of gunfire throughout the day yesterday, but that all were unfounded. Fear, generated by the violence, also has taken its toll of economic life of the city. "It's terrible, terrible," Paul Kistler, executive vice presi dent of the York Area Chamber of Commerce, said of the violence. "We are very much concerned how we the city will recover from all this," he sadi. • Fear has kept' many residents in their homes, even during he daylight hours, and Kistler said "business is practically nil." • Police claim a small group of blacks and whites, includ ing some from out of town, are responsible for the shootings. Ttr Elaity 6 Pages Astronauts to Splash Down; President Prepares Welcome By The Associated Press SPACE CENTER, Houston —Flashing past the halfway point of their homeward voyage, the Apollo 11 moon explorers spent a relaxed day in space yesterday on their starlit path toward the strangest welcome any President ever gave his nation's heroes. Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. and Michael Col lins rested and waited for the moment just hours away when their cone-shaped spacecraft burns like a meteor into the earth's atmosphere and lands on the Pacific by dawn's early light today. Meanwhile. scientists at the Manned Spacecraft Center studied the first hint of the scientific gain that may come from Apollo 11. They reported that a seismic device left on the moon by Armstrong and Aldrin recorded movement of the lunar crust. raising the possibility that the moon and the earth are of the same origin. Don Latham said the tremor may have originated from either a moonquake or the impact of a large meteorite. If the movement was a quake, he said, it could mean the moon, like the earth, has a molten core. If the moon and earth are of similar structure, it could mean they are of similar origin, he said. The Apollo ship, gaining speed second-by-second as the earth's gravity tightened its embrace, passed the halfway point of its journey through space at 3:56 p.m. EDT. Its speed will grow to a peak of about 24,000 miles an hour before the splashdown. It was going 3,663 miles an hour when the astronauts awoke yesterday to start their final day in space. President Nixon, meanwhile, prepared to fly to a flotilla of Navy ships in the Pacific to await the return of the men who put the nation's flag on the moon Sunday. The target area is 1,196 miles southwest of Honolulu. Splashdown time is 12:49 p.m. EDT. The weather forecast for the recovery area, relayed to the astronauts from mission control, said conditions would be "ac- Nixon Flies to Site Of Apollo Splashdown SAN FRANCISCO Presi dent Nixon took off over the Pacific at 1:55 p.m. yesterday for a ringside seat at the splashdown of the Apollo 11 astronauts returning fr o m their moon landing. Nixon's take off from San Francisco en route to the com munications ship Arlington marks the first transoceanic hop on a 12-day, round-the world trip that may include an unscheduled stop in Vietnam. First he will greet the astronauts. His schedule called for him to fly some 3,240 miles to Johnston Island aboard his Air Force jetliner, then climb on a Marine helicopter for a 1 1 / 2 -hour flight to the com munications ship. Early today he helicopters to the USS Hornet for the splashdown. Press secretary Ronald L. Ziegler gave the hint of a possible Vietnam stop in his response to questions about a published report in the New York Times by James Reston. The report said responsible and well-informed people in Washington are now saying Nixon will probably add the Soviet Union and South Viet nam to his globe-circling tour. Ziegler told newsmen flatly, "We are not going to the Soviet Union" but as for Vietnam he said only "there are no plans" Honduras 'Saves Face' El Salvador announced Monday that she will not withdraw her troops from the areas of Honduras she occupied during the six day border dispute without a guarantee from the Organization of American States that her nationals will be protected from genocide. Charles D. Ameringer, associate professor of history and chairman of the Latin American Studies Committee, at tempted to explain the actions of both Latin American states in an interview with The Daily Collegian Tuesday. Ameringer said that he sees new dimensions added to the historical roots of the dispute. Traditionally, he said, Central America has had a great deal of turbulence. The five coun tries were once united, but broke up due to the racial dif ferences of each section of the country and to a geography, consisting of jungles and mountains, which did not lend itself to communication from one part of the country to the other. After the five territries broke up to form their own states, they fought among themselves many times. At the roots of the disputes were usually boundaries or rival leadership, but they were sometimes a means of diverting public attention from internal affairs, Ameringer continued. Where one state had a liberal regime and the other a conser vative one, the exiles from each went to the other ''side" and helped in the internal unrest. Efforts to reunite the states have been made throughout the years, the general feeling being that culturally and socially the separaTte states are basically the same. Thus far. success has not been achieved. Through all of the disputes between any of the five states, El Salvador has acted as a kind of balancer in Central America, Ameringer said. In the past. El Salvador has been able to mediate somewhat successfully. Ameringer cited as an indication of Salvador's success as a mediator the fact that a Salvadoran was appointed the first Secretary General of the OAS. The Honduras-El Salvador dispute is typical of past boun dary disputes, Ameringer said. El Salvador is a small country about the size of Massachusetts with a population of 3.4 million—too many people for such a small country, Ameringer said. The Salvadorans are energetic people who have cultivated all of their Arable land, but the ruling families own 40 per cent of it. Honduras, on the other hand, is twice the size of Pen nsylvania with a population of, only two and a half million. They have not cultivated rmich of their arable land mainly because they do not need it, according to Ameringer. Thus, about 300,000 Salvadorans have spilled over into Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pa., Thursday Morning, July 24, 1969 * * * to go to the war-torn country. Former President Lyndon B. Johnson twice paid surprise calls on U.S. troops in South Vietnam while he wa s traveling in Asia. Nixon's an nounced schedule includes visits to the Philippines, In donesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania and England. His three-day Bangkok itinerary currently looks as if it would be the easiest to alter for a side trip to nearby Viet nam. The President and the First Lady, who flew in from Washington early yesterday, rested overnight at a down town San Francisco hotel before setting off on the next leg of the trip. The President had no of ficial appointments listed dur ing his brief stay in the Northern California city. The Nixon entourage is counting on the historic moon landing as a big prestige boost for the traveling U.S. chief as he goes on with his visit to Asian countries and Romania. The traveling White House has named the two charter ac companying press planes the "Columbia" and the "Eagle" the former for the Apollo com mand ship and the later for the moon landing craft. By RENA ROS'ENSON Collegian Staff Writer ceptable." The prediction called for high, scattered clouds, 10 miles visibility and four-foot seas. From San Francisco where he stopped en route to the recovery carrier Hornet. Nixon talked to the wives of the crewmen by phone yesterday. He told them he looked forward to greeting their husbands at sea. And a strange greeting it will be for the first men to walk the surface of a planet other than earth. There will be no presidential handshakes for the returning heroes. They will be treated like the bearers of a deadly disease. Space officials fear the astronauts may return from the moon with some exotic lunar germ that could devastate life on earth if freed. Officials say the chances of such a bug are in finitesimal. But, as one noted. "there's too much at stake" not to play it safe. ' Armstrong. Aldrin and Collins will be greeted in the water by a frogman wearing a heavy biological isolation garment and breathing through a gas masklike canister. The frogmen will toss similar garments to the astronauts aboard their spacecraft. This quick opening of the hatch is the weakest link in a quarantine chain that will keep the astronauts isolated at least 18 days. When the space heroes first come into view of their Presi dent and the world watching on television. they will be cov ered from head to toe with the olive-colored isolation gar ments. And just after they climb from their ship into a rubber raft, the frogmen will douse them with a rust-colored iodine solution that kills bacteria. With the President looking on from the carrier's bridge, a helicopter will land the spacemen on the Hornet's deck. They are then to walk just a few feet to a silver trailer which they will not leave until they enter the elaborate Lunar Receiving Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. The laboratory is isolated from the outside by air filters. thick walls and sealed doors. Nixon is expected to talk with the astronauts through an intercom and to see them through a thick glass window on the side of the trailer. The same scientists who discussed the seismic experiment at the Manned Spacecraft Center said a mirror-hke device lett on the moon to reflect laser beams back to earth has so far been a failure. They said Lick Observatory near San Jose. Calif., tried unsuccessfully a third night Tuesday to hit the reflector with a beam. They said there m as a possibility the reflector had been damaged by the rocket blast which lifted the astronauts from the lunar surface. The quarantine of Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins is to last until Aug. 12, or 21 days to the hour from the moon visit. They will be isolated in the laboratory with about 15 persons—cooks, doctors and technicians—about 16 days. Their quarters there resemble plush college dormitory rooms. There will be private rooms and desks, a recreation room with color television, gymnasium, ping pong table, and medical facilities for even major surgery. Much of the time in the laboratory will be spent in medical examinations. Doctors and technicians will take almost daily blood samples and perform other laboratory tests on the spacemen. The rocks Aldrin and Armstrong 'gathered on the moon Berger Awaits Dean's Decision By DENISE DEMONG Collegian Staff Writer Self Berger. graduate assis tant in philosophy, is awaiting the disciplinary decision of the acting dean of the graduate school as a result of Berger's participation in a demonstration during th e dedication of the research library site July 3. Berger. who has attended two informal meetings with Ernest H. Ludwig, acting dean, concerning the incident, said yesterday that Ludwig told him that the decision will be "between the two of us," although an advisory com mittee has also participated in the meetings. Berger received a disciplinary warning in March as a result of his participation in the Feb. 24 Old Main sit-in. Ameringer Comments on Latin America Honduran land and have been living as squatters, cultivating the land and living off it. "Honduras is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. It is underpopulated and does not use its resources," Am.eringer said. "Honduras is probably using the spilling over of the Salvadoran population onto their land as a scapegoat. Salvadorans are much more energetic and suc cessful people than the Hondurans. Saving face is very impor- CHARLES D. AMERINGER, associate professor of his- foxy. is baffled by the length of the Honduras•El Salve- dor dispute Concernin• Dedication Demonstration The warning stated that further "unacceptable behavior" by Berger could lead to more serious disciplinary action. Berger said, however, that he has secured the following signed statement from Ludwig, "As I view the situation set forth in Dean Murphy's letter, unless the situation you in troduce in your comments presents a more serious situation, then I envision a se cond warning letter would be my action." Berger said that Ludwig notified him by mail of the first meeting concerning the library demonstration. Includ ed in Ludwig's letter was a copy of a letter sent to Ludwig by Raymond Murphy. dean of student affairs, referring the incident to the graduate school for disposition. Ludwig's letter said that he MIMI 1016111 1► .40110 , woo. , ..1•11•••^Vi,•. • :.• • SPLASHDOWN IN THE PACIFIC—ApoIIo 11 will b. splashing down today in the Pacific Ocean. Photo of Apollo 10 Splashdown last May shows what it will look like. will be quarantined in another , •ection of the laboratory. Scientists will examine the rocks in detail, checking their chemical composition, their radiation and their possible gas content. One of the most important searches with the rocks will be for life. Mice. insects and plants will be exposed to the lunar material to see if it affects terrestial Scientists hope to find clues to the origin of the moon and possibly the origin of earth itself. Tests of the rocks will continue many months and officials said they do not expect preliminary results to be released for at least 90 days. had consulted at length with James B. Bartoo, dean designate of the graduate school: Richard Craig, faculty adviser to the Graduate Stu dent Association: Carl Hausman, head of the Depart ment of Philosophy: Stanley F. Paulson, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and H a 1 Sudborough GSA president, before calling Berger to the meeting. These people later made up the committee which par ticipated in the meetings. Gor don, Springer. the GS A representative to the dedication ceremony, also par ticipated. Ludwig's letter said that the purpose of the meeting was to allow Berger to comment on Murphy's letter and answer quest ions if he wished. "It will merely give me and any advi- in Dispute tant in Latin America. Honduras is finding it necessary to save face.- Ameringer expressed surprise at the inability of anyone to calm down the dispute. In the first place, he said, in the past disputes the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance has been invoked to settle disagreements. The treaty says that an attack upon one American state is an attack upon all of them. Representatives from each state get together and try to settle the dispute. Secondly, he said, the OAS does have the power and has been able in the past to intervene and help to settle disputes. The procedure of the 0 AS has been to establish a truce area on the frontier of the fighting and then to set up a "watchdog" military council to insure that both sides hold to the truce. Then the OAS encurages each side to negotiate and settle the dispute themselves. In the case of the present dispute, neither alternative has been put into effect. The OAS did call a truce and largely the fighting has stopped, but El Salvador still refuses to withdraw her troops. Ameringer said that the big question is why no one has stepped in to try to settle the dispute. His answers to the question are merely speculation, he said, but he feels they are logical. . As he said before, saving face is important in Latin America. Both Honduras and El Salvador have an authoritarian government which could be toppled if its power structure were lost. "The conflict is between the aggressive Salvadorans and a nation which has not made full use of its resources, Someone would lose face if an outside nation step ped in," Ameringer explained. "There is not a tendency in Latin America to press the panic button, especially in this case. The dispute does not include cold war issues. It is a dispute between two small countries, and the desire of the OAS is to give the two nations the opportunity to settle it themselves. Ameringer said that the United States must be a key here. Latin Americans do not like the United States, he said, and the United States is aware of the fact. The United States does not want to offend anyone and therefore will not step in herself. But, he said, she is probably encouraging other countries to step forward. He suggested Mexico and Columbia since they are the least controversial countries in Latin America right now. MI i,'l,9sai Ameringer said that if El Salvador and Honduras cannot solve the problem themselves and the fighting is stepped up again, he feels sure that the Reciprocal Assistance treaty will be invoked. Something will be done, even to the point of ren dering assistance to one side to end the conflict, he said. But, he said. "This is one of the first disputes in a long time which does not involve the cold war. Therefore; this one can be solved without intervention from outsiders:. Spiro Speaks; Watch Out Mars --see page 2 Seven Cents , ' r•-.< sors the benefit of your com ments," Ludwig wrote. Because Ludwig indicated that he had also consulted Roy F. Wilkinson. Univ er s it lawyer, Berger said he decided not to answer questions until he had contacted his own at torney. Murphy•s letter outlined Berger 's participation in the library demonstration an d included a copy of Berger's earlier warning. According to Murphy Berger and several other stu dents carried signs with such slogans as "More black stu dents. not more buildings." to the dedication ceremony. When University President Eric A. Walker began to speak, Berger, who stood directly behind him. loudly asked questions such as "We know what you're doing for the (Continued on page three)
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