FRIDAY.! OCtOBERi 26. 190
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i 10 Basit(luestioits -=
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= • In the interest of an under-
E standing of the background for
= U.S.-C ub an relations; The
E Daily. Colligian ask e d 10 basic
= questions concerning Culla to
=
William I Gray,4:professor of
Latin. American history and
E directpr of international stu
= 'dent affairs. The' questions and
• his answers appear below.
• • • - ,
I
= Q ny critic of current
• 1:1 1 S. Policy toward, Cuba
=
state that'the position today is
= the latest in a series of *heavy
! handed - moves. They cite the
= economic field as a chief area.
In what Cuban products was
= economic Interest first ex-
E pressed and when?
= A. Cuba 4old munitions, salt,
quinine and sugar td the
= thirteen colonies during the
= American 'revolution. In 1895
= most American sugarcane
Et. planters opposed the Cuban
= insurrectionists' bid for free
al, dom.
.1 After World War I,
Amencancapital' became pre
= dominant in the "Dance of the
= Millions" which:Andustrialized .
F.
the. Cuban! sugar indu§tryl
-• I "
'• I •
I .
'ClCould j this Interest
legiti
matelp be Called "exploi
_
_= talion - if that tern is de fi ned
= "to make use 'of.. basely for
one's own advantage or prof
= it"? If so, what form did the
= exploitation take?
= A. Most of the profits from
Cubarr sugar went overseas
E to• Spain, the United States and
other , countries., Even !t h e
= wealthy Cubans( did not keep
= their capital at. horhe to build
E . up the .island's economy.
= American corporations usually
= paid higher wages than did the
Ei Cuban landowners,
Q. When j did th • United
Stales . ; control Cuba and
= why?
A. Cuba i was governed by
U.S. military forces from
E. 1898 to 1902 and from 1906 to
= 1909. ,Marine or naval Anflu
= ence was left in 1912, 1917 and
= 193. The purpose was t 6 de:
= velop' or 'preserve democratic
= constitutional government.
= '
.
I - I •
Q. What 1 resfricticms did the
= Platt Amendment place on
= The Cuban government?
= A. Political and economic re
-
strictibtis were placed on
E Cuba by the Platt Amendment.
= The United States could inter
= vene to maintain represents=
F. five' deniocracy and Cuba
= could make no fin'ancial corfi
= mitment which might en
_
= danger its sovereignty;
Q .
After' the "Good Neighbor
= :Polk*" toward 'Latin
F., America went into effect: did
= ' the , Unittid Stales become an
= economic; good neighbor to
F.: Cuba? •
=• - •
E A. The siuota system under
E.:. which Cuba sold most of
= its sugar for 2 - cents a pound
= more than the' world_ market,
rz' made Cuba a better U.S. "eco-I
= nomic colony" than before.'
= With the aid of 'Americani
= tal- and ',technical assistance,'
E the Cuban standard of living
= was the third highest in Latin,
= America. i
• , •
= 1 •
,o. The ;Milted Stales sup
ported Fulgetscio Batista.
What freedoms were in 'jeop
51/Ithillllllllllllllllollll/111U1111
THE DAILY.COLLEGIAN. UNIVERSITY PARK. PENNSYLVANIA
ardy for Cubans under Batista
and why did Batista have 'a -=
;vested inlered jn blocking re- =
fonis?
!A . Batista's . 1934-44 and 1952-
59 rule was characterized =
b y 'a great deal of economic FE
and social reform. All political
opposition was ruthlessly
!crushed and individual free- =
'dorns were .non-existent in his
later•years. Economic progress
for the ,few was considered E.
preferable to politcial chaos by.
'irresponsible leftist lenders.
Q., What were initial reactions E.
in" the United States when =
Fidel Castro overthrew Ba-
lista?
A. As Castro had promised to: =
store constitutional• gov
ernment to Cuba, an over
whelming
part - of the press, =
colnmentators an d general
public - rejoiced at this ousting
Batista. A conservative group =
of financiers and diplomats
feared-at. the time his promi see s =
of land reform and social bet- =
ferment for the masses.
Q.; Without the sale of sugar =
. to the United Stales. Cuba
is denied a major source of =
revenue: Has the country found
a suitable 'outlet for its sugar F.
or has the U.S. policy, serious- =
ly affected the economy - and
the welfare of the average =
Cuban? •
A. It appears .-that Cuba has =
been able to dispOse of its
sugar on •the world'. market,
largely to .the Sovieti bloc. Its E.
loss of dollar exchange has dis
rupted former trade and caused =
severe shortages of manufac
tured
goods, replacement parts, E.
food and' • medical supplies.
Rationing has hurt.
Q In this connection, what is F.
the status of the Cuban
worker now as compared to =
that under Batista?
A. The deterioration - of Cuba's =
economy under a:program
of socialization' probably has =
left the majority 'of Cuban F.:*
workers little better or worse
off than under the Batista re
gime.
A few have better hous
es, schools and jobs. A few =
have less food, medicil'atten-
tion and security. Young ideal- =
isle have high hopes.
Q. What points in history fa-
vor the United States in
dealings with Cuba? -
A. Geographical propinquity,
Spanish culture individual
ism.
deep-rooted Christianity, =
i n t e r-American organization, Fr.
recollections of American =
generosity, democratic-repre- =
sentative political traditions, =
family and friendship ties with
neighboring republics and ad
miration
for Uncle Sam will =
over-balance in the long run ET:
the yankeephobia of a fanati-
=
cal minority.
STORY
A member of the Orthodox
Party, was talking with a COM-
munist as •they watched the
traffic. A big black chauffeured
sedan with . a well , dressed Ei
cigar T smoking Havana- indus trialist in the back' seat rolled
by. Said the Ortodojo.:"Some
day I'm going to ride in a
Cadillac like that." Replied the E.
Communist, "Before long- that
Zeno* will be walking like . the
rest Of
. us." Moral?
•
flMUtir -
-- • - s:snsmumnnnnn:
Student Self-Help Plan Cited
By TONY FOGLIO
Lobbying for outside examin
ers, wider experimentation of
student rating of teachers and
nagging of faculty members are
three means by which college stu
dents can help themselves and
their educations, John Fischer,
editor of Harper's magazine, said
last night.
His suggestions were based on
his propositions that the student
is not getting - his money's worth
because the quality of college
teaching is rtot high, and pres
sures for change must come from
"outside the faculties" which are
"conservative in regard to chang
es" in the present academic sys
tem.
FISCHER. said that an outside
examiner ,systetn, whereby pro
fessors from other colleges test
students on what they , i have
learned 'in a .given course, will
result in better teaching than is
now given in larger universities
and colleges. •
He said he hopes.there will be
a trend toward smaller institu
tions of approximately 1.000 to
3,000 students. In general, he said,
;'The Path to Peace
is Virtue." —Juvenal
Women's Debate
ilad
TONIONT AT iming STACIL
New College Diner
Downtov.n Between the Movies
Prkes Slashed on Entire Line
Little Girls and Boys Sizes 5-8 r`
Little Gents and Growing' Girls 81/2-3
IVIcCROR rs
UNIVERSITY PARK PLAZA SHOPPING CENTER - W. HAMILTON AVE.
these institutions afford warmer,
closer and more rewarding re
lationships than larger colleges
and universities,
A MORE widespread use of a
student rating system for teach
ers might help in the long run to
weed out incompetent instructors
and professors, he ,said. •
For example, students could be
asked to record their impression
of teachers' performances at grad
uation and one, five and ten
years later.
He criticized the academic ten
ure system, which protects a tehch-
Junior Confeises to Shoplifting
A 7th term arts and letters
student was apprehended yeSter
day when he attempted to shop
lift an item worth $1.85 from 'll4e-
Lanahan's Drug Store, College
Avenue and Garner Street.
The student. Joseph R. Gon
zalez, from Kulpmont. will fined
$25 and casts by Justice of the
Peace William P. Bell.
State College police said Cot
assrl
Car Wash
Saturday, October 27
. 10:30 - 4:00
Behind Wesly foundation
Sponsored by
Wed)/ Foundation
10 DAYS ONLY
;Smartly Styled Dress Flats
usual and Sport Models
rific
Hon!
Sturdy and Stylish SHOES
For Girls and Boys -.
er from dismissal after a certain
number of years, as "almost use
less" except in areas such as
the South. Originally,-tbe tenure
system was "the only safegttard
to academic freedom," but it has
now deteriorated to "protection
and shelter for the incompetent
and lazy."
FISCHER said students should
nag the.r instructors to update
their courses and to use fresh
approaches. "Teachers get stale"
when there is no campaign to
keep them abreast of current de
velopments; he said.
zalez denied the shoplifting at
tempt while being questioned in
the assistant manager's office. He
then attempted to escape and was
taken to Borough Hall here he
confessed.
Gonzalez said he ha to shop
hft the item because h only had
$3 to spend for the remainder of
the term. The item he attempted.
to shoplift was to he used at a
nutsquerade party, he said.
For Misses and Ladies
Sizo 4 1 / 2 to 10
-9.56
$2.34
'3.07
'2.34
PAGE THREE
Savings
40%