Hammarskjold Site STATE COLLEGE. PA.. TUESDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 19. 1961 FIVE CENTS VOL. 62. , vS Editorial Opinion . More Than Mourning Overlooking New York City’s East River rises a complex of white stone structures known throughout the world —the United Nations. Somewhere in the barren, isolated bush country of central Africa lies the smouldering wreckage of a plane that was carrying the man who was the U.N. on still another mission of peace. A man and the United Nations. The white haughty buildings caught the sun over New York this morning, as they will every morning. But the man who gave the United Nations its inner energy, and whatever vitality it could claim to possess in these tiring times, is no longer there, Dag Hammarskjold and the United Nations were synonymous. All that has been accomplished by the United Na tions in recent years in the way of preventing a third world war, and keeping the precarious stalemate be tween East and West from rupturing was the work of this one man. He did this by excercising the power of his office as only he interpreted it. He could not be intimidated by the Soviet Upion which called for his replacement by an East-West-Neutralist triumvirate. He was a particular hero to the small and neutralist nations, giving favor neither to East nor West. Now the U.N.'s effectiveness in moderating the current world ideological conflict has been nullified two years before anyone expected it. The world can be satisfied to mourn him—and accomplish nothing. Or these nations that only call themselves “united” can prove their dedication to their U.N. charter by respect for his ideals, his concepts and his strength. World Tragedy Aspaturian Leadership By LYNNE CEREFICE City Editor (This is an interpretive article presenting the views 0/ Vernon V. Aspaturian, associate professor of political science, on the death of U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskfold as it will influence the future of international relations,) The sudden death of U.N. Secretary-General Dag Ham marskjold yesterday morning has created a myriad of shock and chaos the world over. But what does it all mean? What are the possible effects, both immediate and future, of the death of this one-man, Dag Hammarskjold, on the United 1 Nations and the course of inter national relations today? First, the death of U.N. Secre tary-General Dag Hammarskjold can best be described as an “inter - -; national tragedy” for the free world, Vernon V. Aspaturian, as sociate professor of political sci ence, says. He predicts that the Russians will abandon their proposal of a 3-man secretariat (troika), repre senting the three main world ide ologies—Communist, Western and Neutralist—each one having a EXTRA FOR A BETTER PENN STATE Predicts of U.N. veto on secretariat decisions. But “Dag Hammarskjold was destined to be the last U.N. repre sentative of the West, he adds. The next Secretary-General of the United Nations will prob ably be an Afro-Asian, he pre dicts. "And the big question," he adds, "is what kind of an Afro-Asian will it be? Aspaturian further says if the United States is confronted with a choice between a “Pro-Commu (Continued on page three > Hammarskjold Background Sketch By The Associated Pres* Dag Hammarskjold was a icoolly poised diplomat who i searched the world for the makings of peace. He came under fierce attack, but he [insisted that nothing mattered but the United Nations and its efforts to safeguard the peoples of the world. Many persons disagreed with some of his methods and with the usefulness of the United Na tions itself. But few questioned the bachelor Swede’s dedication to his job. I He was the second secretary general of the United Nations, the [organization that grew out of World War 11. The Congo brought Hammar skjold the severest test in his eight years of directing the Untied Nations. He was on his third mis sion to the Congo when his plane disappeared. It was at the eve of a new ses sion of the U.N. General Assem bly, where the Soviet Union could be expected to renew its attack on the secretary-general. I Last year the Soviet Union de nounced him as a willful tool ofi imperialists because of the way! he was carrying out U.N. policy | in the Congo.' i Hammarskjold’s courage in re fusing to quit under fire permitted i the United Nations to go bn fune itioning without the necessity of; [agreeing on a new secretary-gen-j eral or a substitute for the pres-! lent secretariat. His predecessor, Trygre Lie, resigned in the fall of 1952 after falling out with the Russians over Korean policy. It took many months of wrangling before a promise was reached on Hammar skjold as Lie’s successor. Slight, sandy-haired, blue-eyed, Hammarskjold already was known as a quick-thinking economist and a master of the art of compro mise when he came to the $55,000 a year U.N. post. He had been deputy foreign (Continued on page three) Reds Balk at Hammarskjold Praise By MILTON BESSER UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. (/P) —The Soviet Union balked yesterday at a U.N. Security Council statement praising Secretary-General Dag Ham marskjold—victim of a tragic plane crash in Africa. The Soviet stand tended to con firm fears that Hammarskjold’s death would set off a bitter East- West dispute over his successor that could wreck the United Na tions as an effective peace mak ing organization. The 11-nation council met be hind closed doors several hours after the official news of Ham marskjold's death was announced here. Crash Kills U.N. Head NDOLA, Northern Rhodesia, (AP) —A plane carrying U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold on a Congo peace mission crashed into the red dust of central Africa yesterday killing him and 12 other persons. The lone survivor, a U.N. security guard, reported a series of explosions had preceded the crash. He said the plane had turned away from a landing at Ndola’s modern airport, ap parently on Hammarskjold’s orders, after being in radio con tact with the airport tower just after midnight. The wreckage was found more than 12 hours after that in a forest preserve eight miles north of Ndola ' " Hammarskjold was flying to this border copper-belt town for talks with Presi dent Moise Tshombe of Ka tanga Province. For the last week the United Nations has been trying to bring Katanga under control of the central Congo govern ment. Tshombe’s forces have been fighting back, inflicting severe casualties on U.N. for ces from several nations. A U.N. spokesman said he could not definitely rule out sabotage or shooting as the cause of the crash of the plane —a four-engine DC6B. The only survivor, Harry Julien, an American U.N. se curity guard, was quoted at a hospital as saying the plane changed course on Hammarskjold’s instructions while prepar ing to land at Ndola. Officials quoted him as saying that Hammarskjold had changed his mind about landing at Ndola and told the pilot to alter course for another destination. Moments later, according to the injured man, there was a series of explosions aboard the plane. Hospital authorities said Julien was in serious condition. Owners of the airliner, the Swedish Air Co. said in Leo poldville they were trying to determine whether the plane might have been shot down by a jet fighter of Tshombe’s tiny air force. They called this a possibility. The crash apparently occurred in darkness, however. Informed sources in Salisbury, Southern Rodesia, said they learned Hammarskjold’s plane did not fly a direct route from Leopoldville but took a roundabout course to avoid Ka tanga. The informants gave this report of the plane’s move ments: As the plane approached Ndola Airport, the control tower asked the pilot to identify himself. The pilot refused and in stead asked for permission to descend to 6000 feet, which was granted. The pilot then reported he might need fuel but mo (Continued on page four). Most delegates to the 16th As sembly reacted with shock, and some—especially from the small er nations—were close to tears. Delegates expected that the 99- nation Assembly would open as planned this afternoon, then ad journ immediately for at least 24 hours in respect to Hammarskjold. A. long blue and white U.N. banner flew at half-staff while flags of all the member nations were removed from their poles in front of U.N. headquarters. Hernane Tevares de Sa. Brazil ian, undersecretary in charge of public information, sadly read to a news conference the official word of Hammarskjold’s death while on a peace mission in the Congo operation he had directed. Already confronting the ICth Assembly were, such grave issues aa admission of Communist Chi- Dead DAG HAMMARSKJOLD na, Berlin, nuclear weapons and jthe Congo warfare that indirectly claimed Hammarskjold’s life. But the jungle tragedy threw into the fore the fight over reor ganization of the secretary-gen eral’s office itself. The Soviet Union has demanded a three-man secretariat, repre senting the Communist, WesteVn and so-called neutral nations, each with the power of veto. The United States and other Western powers have vowed to fight the plan which they say would paralyze the U.N. executive machinery and prevent any effec tive U.N. action in times of crisis. The prospect of such a fight was already threatening to put addi tional strain on U.S.-Soviet rela tions in advance of the explora tory peace talks here on Berlin be (Coritinued on page two)
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