PAGE TWO
Editorial Opinion
The Job Ahead: Crucial, Complex
As the new president prepares to
assume the leadership of the free world, it
might be well to take a summary glance at
the major problems he will face as he em
barks on what may be the most crucial
four years in the history of mankind.
International Scene
He is confronted with critical East-
West tensions in Berlin, the Congo, Cuba,
Algeria and Laos, any of which could erupt
at any time. He may be called upon to
make, almost instantaneously, decisions
which seriously affect 21 o billion people.
He will be charged with formulating
policies that must, at the same time, halt,
the expansion of the massive Communist
bloc, win over the growing neutralist bloc
in the United Nations, retain the confidence
of our Allies and help establish the econ
omies and insure self-government for the
mounting list of newly independent coun
tries.
Nikiia Khrushchev has already Indi
cated his intent to test the new leader
early. Not only has Khrushchev set another
Berlin ultimatum but he has called for a
spring summit conference, so he can see
how well this fledling will handle himself
in negotiations.
It is no secret that the Soviets will keep
disarmament negotiations hopelessly dead
locked until they test the new president by
trying out proposals on him to see what
concessions he might be willing to make.
Meanwhile the summit and disarma
ment issues gain favor for the Soviets in
the eyes of the “uncommitted” who yearn
for a meeting of the Eastern and Western
chiefs to ease world tensions and rid the
world of nuclear and atomic armaments.
If may be hard io ignore world senti
ment and hold out for a meaningful sum
mit and acceptable disarmament proposal.
And the new western leader must
decide how to meet the threat of Red
China. Potentially the most powerful na
tion in the world, Red China is turning its
potential into kinetic so rapidly that even
the Russians are worired. But the U.S. has
been instrumental in blocking Red China’s
admission to the UN and she refuses to
enter disarmament negotiations unless
she is admitted.
* * *
In American foreign policy, the new
president will be endowed with an aid
program which has poured its millions into
the pockets of dictators and ruling elites,
thus gaining antagonism rather than the
friendship of the oppressed masses, as the
aid never reached the need.
He will inherit a foreign service where
many of the U. S. ambassadors and repre
sentatives know little or nothing of the
culture, history, tradition or language of
the people with whom they deal.
Domestic Problems
The question of whether federal aid
should be provided to state-operated edu
cational systems is one of many domestic
problems that will face the new President.
Many other complex questions will be
raised if this aid is granted.
What form should the aid take—schol
arships, outright grants to schools or col
leges or funds for teacher's salaries? What
criteria, if any, must individual school dis
tricts meet to secure this aid? These ques-
Letters
Grad Student Praises DARE Group
TO THE EDITOR: Some as
pects of discrimination are now
an issue in the State College-
University community. May I
offer some personal impressions
of the group (DARE) that initi
ated the current local concern
over this problem. These are
impressions from a typical
meeting.
They are a completely demo
cratic group. Anyone may at
tend their meetings and air any
opinion. Opinions and com
ments are, in fact, welcomed.
They are a practical organ
ization. Individual members
may be more or less idealistic
but procedures adopted by the
L
itt!
Mon on Campus by Dick Bibltr
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vwg coaiv arr yoj in with upPEeaAgs/ueN ear ,
we uke a«R feeSM&a xo get off to a gooo start.'
lions must b® answered and their accom
panying problems solved.
He must also formulate a new agri
cultural program which will have as its
ultimate goal the reduction of the huge
farm surplus and the boosting of farmers’
incomes. Perhaps such a program will in
clude some method of using the large farm
surplus to feed the hungry millions of the
world without upsetting the delicate bal
ance of the international economy.
* * y
Labor relations constitutor an impor
tant economic, social and,political problem
in our highly industrialized society.
The new president .will have to deal
with two giants, business and labor, who
constantly oppose each other. He will have
to approve legislation affecting both sides
and he may have to interfere if a nation
wide strike is called.
Part of ihe function of government to
day is the protection of individual citizens
against complex economic hazards. Social
Security is an important and controversial
issue and he will have to decide just how
far social security should and could extend.
Unconfirmed figures for October show
that 6.4 per cent of the labor force is un
employed. The danger point for unemploy
ment is 5 per cent. The new administration
must bolster the economy in order to re
duce this percentage.
Our new head of state must also live
up to the promises he has made on civil
rights. He is charged with enforcing the
Supreme Court decision for desegregated
schools and with supporting the 1960 civil
rights bill which tries to protect Negroes
against voting discrimination. He must try
to prevent discrimination in federal hous
ing and in hiring employees for federal
supported jobs.
Since these laws do not do the com
plete job of eliminating discrimination, it
is up to ihe new president to propose fur
ther legislation.
He will also be expected to help plan
and enforce a solution to the depressed
area problem. A way must be found in
which marginal farmers, out-of-work coal
miners, and unemployed textile factory
workers—whose jobs have been lost
through the competition of synthetics—
may be either relocated or taught skills
which will lure new industries into their
regions.
The President will have the final say
on how much money will be spent and
which areas will receive what percentage
of the aid.
He is responsible for maintaining a
strong defense policy. To decide what
should be emphasized, he must know the
potential of missiles, rockets, satellites,J
jets, bombers and atomic submarines.
He must be able to coordinate the mili
tary branches and the CIA so that each of
these executive branches will know what
the other is doing.
In addition to an adequate and well
trained military force, the President must
strengthen and obtain better enforcement
of the . civil defense program.
It is a demanding challenge which
must be met not .only for the sake of the
nation but of the world.
group as a whole characteristic
ally practicable.
The group is well aware of
the distinction between legal
equality and social equality.
They are serious in their ef
forts toward fair treatment of
Negro and international stu
dents. Discussion is carried out
with a high degree of maturity
in an atmosphere of informal
ity.
They are capable in construc
ting their policy. Not because
of their complete agreement
over a given point but, in fact,
because of a diversity of opin
ion and the quality of the dis-
* *
* * *
cussion that arises therefrom.
Course of action and policy
evolve from the idea? of a con
siderable number of people. In
dividuals stand out only be
cause of their perspicacity and
conviction.
I believe that their chief
limitation results from the sen
sitivity of most people to this
encompassing problem. Any
potential course of action by
this group must be weighed
with concern for the reaction
of the town, the University
administration, and the student
organizations. This limitation
will progressively lessen as
more and more people become
informed and willing to over
come their own hesitation and
indecision.
T. J. Russo, Grad.
Gazette
Acrountinp Club. 7:15 p.m., Phi Sip-
ma Kappa
AIM. S p.m., 203 HUB
AWS Atherton Council. 7 p.m.. 115 Ath-
erton
AWS Judicial. 12 noon. 215 HUB
AWS. 6:30 p.m., 203 HUB
AWS Atherton Judicial. 9 p.m., 214
HUB
Bloodmobilo Reuistmtion. $ a.m.-S p.m..
HUB fir*t floor lobby
Chem-Phya Student Council. 6:15 p.m..
•216 HUB
Chess Club. 7 p.m.. HUB cardroom
Continuing Education, 12 noon-4: SO
P.m.. 217-218 HUB
English Student Council. 6:30 p.m..
214-215 HUB
Finance Club-Investor* Group. S p.m..
215 HUB
ID Card Committee. 10 a.m.. 218 HUB
IV Christian Kellonshlp. 12:45 p.m..
211 HUB
Leadership Training, 7:00 p.m.. 119
Osmond
Liberal Party, 6:30 p.m., 212 HUB
Marine ‘Recruiting, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., 214
HUB
Miss As. Judkins:, S p.m.. 212 HUB
Navy Recruiting:, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., HUB
ground floor lobby
Off-Campus Tribunal. S p.m., Board
Room. Old Main
Penn State Forestry Society, 7 :00 p.m..
105 Forestry
Placement, 8 a.m.-o p.m.. 212-213 HUB
SGA Committee on Interracial Prob-
lems, 10 p.m., 213 HUB
Sigma Theta Epsilon, 7:00 p.m., Wes
ley Foundation
Thespians Pledge Meeting, 7:00 p.m.,
•m HUB
Traffic Code. 7:00 p.m., 217 HUB
Women’s Chorus, 6:30 p.m., HUB a*«
bdmbly room
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN, STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA
• - ,
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Snowed
Government Must
With Scientific
Has conservatism in gov
ernment been outdated by
the amazing scientific ad
vances of the past 60 years?
Willi science and its by
product, technology, advanc
ing at an accelerating rate, the
corresponding aspects of our
economy and
g o v e rnment
m u st also
change in or
der to keep up
with society.
Perhaps so
cial security,
medical care
for the aged,
farmer price
supports, fed
eral aid to ed
ucation and
space explor-
ation programs were unneces
sary around the turn of the
century, but this is not case
today. j
Techniology wasn’t on' the
move 60 years ago like 'it is
today and consequently, gov
ernment, economic md popu
lation changes were rather
slow and unimportant.
New inventions aro u n d
the turn of the century, how-
Silva Opposes Two Plans
To Change Electoral College
By LYNNE CEREFICE
The use of the Electoral
College- system in the
United States presidential
elections is a topic of great
dispute among political scien
tists throughout the nation.
Many electoral systems have
been proposed to replace the
present one, the chief objection
being that it creates a discrep
ancy between the popular vote
and the electoral vote.
According to the present
electoral system, each state is
allotted one electoral vote for
each of its senators and repre
sentatives in Congress.
In order io receive any slate's
total number of electoral voles,
a presidential candidate must
have a .plurality voting lead
over the next highest candi
date of the popular vote in
that state. Thus, under this
system a candidate receiving a
plurality of the nation's popu
lar vole may lose the election
unless he is able to secure a
majority, more than half, of
the nation's electoral votes.
This disparity between the
electoral vote and the popular
vote is caused by three factors
in our present electoral system,
according to a speech written
by Dr. Ruth C. Silva, profes
sor of political science.
“The allocation of the elec
toral votes among the states on
the basis of congressional rep
resentation” is one factor. Miss
Silva said in her speech which
was delivered before Congress.
This method. Miss Silva said,
magnifies the power of the
small states. "Under the pres
ent system," she explained, "the
nine most populous slates,
which have 51 per cent oi the
population, have only 18 of the
96 electoral votes based on
representation in the Senate."
A second cause of the dis
crepancy. is “the assignment
of the electoral votes to the
states without regard to the
popular vote,” Miss Silva stated
in her speech.
“In the 1952 election,” she.
said, “one electoral vote in
Illinois represented 166,000
popular votes, whereas one
electoral vote in Mississippi
represented only 36,000 popu
lar votes.” Therefore, one vote
in Mississippi was worth 4.6
,as much as one vote in Illinois,
she further stated.
Miss Silva cited the geneial
ticket system now in effect as
the third reason for the dis-
The Byes of ttye World Are Focused
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ever, changed the entire com
plexion of our society and the
government’s role in it.
The automobile created the
need for roads. There was lit
tle doubt that a group effort
through the government would
be more efficient in road con
struction than would be a pro
gram whereby each individual
built a stretch of highway in
front of his house.
The airplane bi ought the
need for government organiza
tions like the CAA and the
FAA and the expansion of
the Weather Bureau. Today,
due to the complexity of air
routes and schedules, flight
would be impossible without
these organizations.
And so the story goes. Sci
entific advances required such
mammoth undertakings that
we were forced to turn to the
federal government for a sol
ution. Some people have tag
ged this “creeping socialism.”
Maybe it is! But, it seems ap
parent to us that changes in
scientific theoi'y must also
bring about some modification
in government theory.
The so-called conservatives
oppose federal aid to educa*
MYERS
crepancy between the two
votes. “Under this system,”
she explained, “a candidate
with a popular plurality in a
state receives all of that state’s
electoral votes,”
Two of the most well-known
plans proposing changes in the
current electoral system, as
cited by Miss Silva, are the
Mundt-Coudert and the Lodge-
Gossett plans.
The Mundt-Coudert plan
proposes that one presidential
elector be chosen in each con
gressional district and the re
mainder in the state at large.
An example to explain this
plan can be found in the 1952
election. In California, Steven
son carried six congressional
districts and would have re
ceived six of California’s 32
electoral voles. Eisenhower
won a popular plurality in the
other 24 districts in the state,
and therefore would have re
ceived 24 electoral votes plus
two additional ones for carry
ing the state.
The Lodge-Gossett plan
would divide a state’s electoral
vote among the presidential
candidates in proportion to
their popular vote in that state.
In an illusiralion from ihe
election, Jo show how this
plan works, Eisenhower had
52,738 per cent of the popular
vote in Pennsylvania and won
all 32 of ihe state's electoral
votes. Under the Lodge-Gossett
plan, he would have received
only 52.738 per cent or 16.876 of
Pennsylvania's electoral votes.
Miss Silva said in her speech
that both plans look for a
change which \y,ould make it
unnecesarv for either party to
bid for support of liberal vot
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Jan BS grads in ARCH ARCH E CE
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Job Interviews
Keep Pace
Progress
by joel myers
iion, medical care to the aged
and expansion of our outer
space programs. This stand
appears to be outmoded.‘
The wonders of medicine
have given this nation a great
er percentage of older citizens
than ever before and it is the
responsibility of the nation to “
accept the immense problem
presented by their care.
Rapid advances in science
and related fields have made
the proper education of our
young essential in order to
maintain a flourishing and
forward-marching society. The
government must now aid the
nation’s educational system
simply because it can’t operate
at a necessary effiicency on the
money supplied by the city or
the state.
Just as scientists don't try
to make new discoveries with
outdated theories, we must not
try to manage the affairs of
this nation with outmoded gov
ernment machinery.
The notions and ideas of the
past must be revised and the
challenges of today must be
met with the proper equip
ment, despite the unpatriotic
sounding slogans some con
servatives might attach to it.
ers in presidential elections.
This would eliminate the
present practice whereby presi
dential candidates advocate
policies which ’'appeal to var
ious ethnic, religious and eco
nomic groups in metropolitan
centers where these minorities
often hold a balance of power
in populous states controlling
large blocks of electorial votes,
she said.
In addition. Miss Silva said
that both plans would enhance
the power of the South by
placing it in a "balance of
power position."
She said that her strongest
objection to both plans is that
“they would allow a person
with a plurality in the nation
and a sizable majority in the
North to win the presidency.”
In her speech Miss Silva ex
plained that both plans would
stack the cards against a Re
publican candidate. “In trans
lating the popular votes into
electoral votes, it would mag
nify the Democratic vote and
minimize the Republican vote,”
she said.
• Miss Silva said, however,
that neither plan would cor
rect the discrepancy between
the popular and the electoral
vote. Enforcement of the sec
ond section of the 14th Amend
ment, not the Mundt-Couderi
or the Lodge-Gosseit plans, is
the remedy for this situation,"
she said.
“Without the present elec
toral system which produces
decisive electoral victories'with
only small popular victories,
the office and power of the
President would suffer irre
medial harm,” Miss Silva said.
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PENNA. STATE CIVIL SERVICE
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and Sanitation Eng.
being amyable— ;
The Voting's Over
r-Break Time
At last, the voting is over for another four years and
it is my dearest hope that the civil war of political ideas
will - cease and I can go back to being amiable again.
Since this is the first time I was able to vote, I assumed
that all the information on both candidates
and then, backed -by logical ~
arguments, made up their
minds.
But it seems,
alas for the
rationality of
man, that as
the time for
b a lloting
comes nearer
t h e-. support
for each can
did a t e be
comes',' more
fervent and
the reasons
for that sup
port become
more illogical.
I could concede that per
haps I am not really rational
but when I see my family,
friends, profesors, and even the
“most remarkable people that
I have ever met” -getting hol
larit.is and roaring argumen
titis I begin to fear for my san
ity
Mins Rosenthal
My friends, well al least they
were, have accused me of sup
porting creeping socialism, in
flationary tendencies and sup
porting a man whose sister-in
law maried a Polish count who
w
as a Nazi sympathizer during
World War 11.
My boy friend, who has de
cided that all thought has left
my head, has been sending me
clippings every day about the
Puerto Rican voters who were
commanded by Catholic au
thority how to vote or be ex
communicated. Hi s letters
have been rather cool as of
Most
Drop
Losing Candidates
from Public Life
On the day following a presidential election all atten
tion is centered on the president elect. The defeated candi
date, judging from past history, is lost to public service.
Few defeated candidates have become active in gov
ernment affairs. Perhaps the only one who was given an
executive capacity after being
defeated for the presidency
was William Jennings Bryan.
After three' unsuccessful tries
for the chief executive's of
fice, Bryan became secretary
of state under Woodrow Wil
son
Another defeated candidate
often mentioned as a possible
secretary of state. Adlai Ste
venson, who lost to President
Eisenhower in ’52 and ’56, nev
er had any official duties dur
ing the Eisenhower administra
tion. Stevenson has traveled
widely in the past eight years,
but' never in any government
capacity. He also has written
and lectured on U.S. policies,
domestic and foreign, but did
all of this independent of of
ficial authority.
Thomas Dewey, another
twice defeated presidential
candidate, served his home
state of New York as governor
and then returned to private
law practice. He is still active
in Republican party circles,
bui holds no official oosiiion.
Perhaps -the most active de
feated candidate has been Her
bert Hoover, who lost the 1932
election to Franklin D. Roose
velt, Hoover, who still partici
pates in Republican functions,
became quite active after his
one term in the presidency.
He served as head of the two
Hoover commissions which
studied the problem of how to
improve national government.
Wendell Wilkie, the Repub
lican candidate who lost the
1940 presidential election to
Roosevelt, retired to private
life after his defeat. Wilkie
did some writing and also
!/ tl THUS, IN \
! ANALYZING THE
TWO MOST POPULAR
BUT, THE CAT STANDS PROUD
And firm in hisoun £on actions,
UNMOVED BY THE SWAYING
VAGARIES OF MAN..."
/ oft. A
{ item; \
A Student-Operated Newspaper
Satlg (UnUrgtatt
Successor to The Free Lance, est. ISS7
Published Tuesday through Saturday morning during the University year. Yh*
Daily Collegian is a student«operated newspaper. Entered as second-class mattes
July 5. 1934 at the State College Pa. Post Office ander the act of March *. 187*.
Mail Subscription Price: $3.00 p ec semester $3.00 per year.
JOHN BLACK
Editor
City Editor: Carol Blakeslce; Assistant Editor. Gloria Wolford; Sports Editor*
Sandy Pad we; Assistant City Editor and Personnel Director. Susan Linkroums
Feature Editor and Assistant Copy Editor. Eiaine Micle; Copy Editor. Annabel!#
Rosenthal: Photography Editor, Frederic Bower; Make-up Editor, Joel Myers.
Local Ad Mgr,. Brad OHvis; Assistant Local Ad Mgr.. Hal Deisher; National
Ad Mgr., Bessie Burke: Credit Mgr., Mary Ann Crans; Ase't Credit slgr., Neal
Classified Ad Mgr.. Constance Kiesel; Co-Circulation Mgrs., Rosiland
Abes. Richard Kitiinger; Promotion Mgr.. Elaine Michal; Personnel Mgr-
Becky hohudic; Office Secretary, Joanne Huyett.
STAFF THIS ISSUE: Headline Editor, Carol Kunkleman, Wire
.Editor, Jerrie Markos; Night Copy Editor, Jo Anne Mark;
Assistants, Dick Leighton, Marie Thomas, Craig Yerkes, Ann
Irwin, Molla Edelstein, Bibi Wein, Arlene Lantzman, Bettie
McCoy, Ann Garrison, Carmen Zetler, Cecilia Tolerico, Judy
Zeger, Sue Beveridge, Bob Segal, John Gilbert, Len Butkiewicz,
Tucker Merrill.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9
by ainy rose nth a l
late because I can oe stub
born.
But my faith in humanity be
gan to weaken even more
when some of mv profs and
adults whom I admire began
to point out that the Demo
crats were the oarty of war
and appeasement.
My parents have been very
understanding. They say I’m a
veritable genius. They voted
for the same man that I did.
But my most horrible ex
perience came last week when
all one had to say was Nixon
and I was off waving my fin
gers and, in a loud know-it-all
voice, shouting rebuttal in
phrases such as the U.S. is no
longer a first-clas nation, 17
million people going to bed
hungry every night, balancing
the budget at the expense of
national defense and of course
the favorite, "Do you want
Benson in for another four
years?"
I am quite undone. All I can
say is my best wishes go to
the winner. May he carry out
all his promises with the aid of
his party. And may the loser
and his party act as the balanc
ing force and checking force
in the best interests of the peo
ple.
At least one canhot make the
comment this month that
Americans or PSU’ers are
apathetic.
And to you students, I must
add, in closing, calm down and
store up your energy and en
thusiasm. for SGA elections
are coming.
By POLLY DRANOV
traveled on his own to study
U.S. relations with other coun
tries.
Two presidential candidaies
who became members of the
Supreme Court were Charles
E. Hughes, the Republican who
opposed Woodrow Wilson in
1912 and laler became Chief
Justice and William H. Taft,
who after serving his term in
ihe presidency and then being
defeated in ihe election of 1312
became a member of the Su
preme Court.
Alfred E. Smith, the first
Roman Catholic to be nomin
ated for the presidency, became
nresident of the Empire State
Building after his defeat in
1928 by Herbert Hoover.
Also returning to private
business after l osing a presi
dential election were James M.
Cox. the Democratic candidate
who was beaten in the 1920
election by Warren G. Hard
ing, and Alfred M. Landon, the
Kansan who sought the presi
dency in 1936 when Franklin
Roosevelt won iiis second term.
John W. Davis, the Demo
crat who won 136 electoral
voles in 1924 but lost the elec
tion to Calvin Coolidge, re
turned to his private legal
practice after his defeat.
The question of how a losing
candidate can best be of serv
ice to the country has been re
ceiving congressional attention
lately. Rep. Stewart Udall (D.-
Ariz.) has suggested that a de
feated candidate become a
member of the Senate renre
senting the U.S. at large. This
would call for a constitutional
amendment.
..THE DO 6; IN HIS INFINITE
DESIRE TO PLEASE, TAKES ON THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE' VESMAN'
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I'D BETTER LEAVE, Vj
BECOMING NAUSEATED' J‘:
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CHESTER LUCIDO
Business Manager