PAGE TWO Editorial Opinion The Job Ahead: Crucial, Complex As the new president prepares to assume the leadership of the free world, it might be well to take a summary glance at the major problems he will face as he em barks on what may be the most crucial four years in the history of mankind. International Scene He is confronted with critical East- West tensions in Berlin, the Congo, Cuba, Algeria and Laos, any of which could erupt at any time. He may be called upon to make, almost instantaneously, decisions which seriously affect 21 o billion people. He will be charged with formulating policies that must, at the same time, halt, the expansion of the massive Communist bloc, win over the growing neutralist bloc in the United Nations, retain the confidence of our Allies and help establish the econ omies and insure self-government for the mounting list of newly independent coun tries. Nikiia Khrushchev has already Indi cated his intent to test the new leader early. Not only has Khrushchev set another Berlin ultimatum but he has called for a spring summit conference, so he can see how well this fledling will handle himself in negotiations. It is no secret that the Soviets will keep disarmament negotiations hopelessly dead locked until they test the new president by trying out proposals on him to see what concessions he might be willing to make. Meanwhile the summit and disarma ment issues gain favor for the Soviets in the eyes of the “uncommitted” who yearn for a meeting of the Eastern and Western chiefs to ease world tensions and rid the world of nuclear and atomic armaments. If may be hard io ignore world senti ment and hold out for a meaningful sum mit and acceptable disarmament proposal. And the new western leader must decide how to meet the threat of Red China. Potentially the most powerful na tion in the world, Red China is turning its potential into kinetic so rapidly that even the Russians are worired. But the U.S. has been instrumental in blocking Red China’s admission to the UN and she refuses to enter disarmament negotiations unless she is admitted. * * * In American foreign policy, the new president will be endowed with an aid program which has poured its millions into the pockets of dictators and ruling elites, thus gaining antagonism rather than the friendship of the oppressed masses, as the aid never reached the need. He will inherit a foreign service where many of the U. S. ambassadors and repre sentatives know little or nothing of the culture, history, tradition or language of the people with whom they deal. Domestic Problems The question of whether federal aid should be provided to state-operated edu cational systems is one of many domestic problems that will face the new President. Many other complex questions will be raised if this aid is granted. What form should the aid take—schol arships, outright grants to schools or col leges or funds for teacher's salaries? What criteria, if any, must individual school dis tricts meet to secure this aid? These ques- Letters Grad Student Praises DARE Group TO THE EDITOR: Some as pects of discrimination are now an issue in the State College- University community. May I offer some personal impressions of the group (DARE) that initi ated the current local concern over this problem. These are impressions from a typical meeting. They are a completely demo cratic group. Anyone may at tend their meetings and air any opinion. Opinions and com ments are, in fact, welcomed. They are a practical organ ization. Individual members may be more or less idealistic but procedures adopted by the L itt! Mon on Campus by Dick Bibltr . r _„—^— vwg coaiv arr yoj in with upPEeaAgs/ueN ear , we uke a«R feeSM&a xo get off to a gooo start.' lions must b® answered and their accom panying problems solved. He must also formulate a new agri cultural program which will have as its ultimate goal the reduction of the huge farm surplus and the boosting of farmers’ incomes. Perhaps such a program will in clude some method of using the large farm surplus to feed the hungry millions of the world without upsetting the delicate bal ance of the international economy. * * y Labor relations constitutor an impor tant economic, social and,political problem in our highly industrialized society. The new president .will have to deal with two giants, business and labor, who constantly oppose each other. He will have to approve legislation affecting both sides and he may have to interfere if a nation wide strike is called. Part of ihe function of government to day is the protection of individual citizens against complex economic hazards. Social Security is an important and controversial issue and he will have to decide just how far social security should and could extend. Unconfirmed figures for October show that 6.4 per cent of the labor force is un employed. The danger point for unemploy ment is 5 per cent. The new administration must bolster the economy in order to re duce this percentage. Our new head of state must also live up to the promises he has made on civil rights. He is charged with enforcing the Supreme Court decision for desegregated schools and with supporting the 1960 civil rights bill which tries to protect Negroes against voting discrimination. He must try to prevent discrimination in federal hous ing and in hiring employees for federal supported jobs. Since these laws do not do the com plete job of eliminating discrimination, it is up to ihe new president to propose fur ther legislation. He will also be expected to help plan and enforce a solution to the depressed area problem. A way must be found in which marginal farmers, out-of-work coal miners, and unemployed textile factory workers—whose jobs have been lost through the competition of synthetics— may be either relocated or taught skills which will lure new industries into their regions. The President will have the final say on how much money will be spent and which areas will receive what percentage of the aid. He is responsible for maintaining a strong defense policy. To decide what should be emphasized, he must know the potential of missiles, rockets, satellites,J jets, bombers and atomic submarines. He must be able to coordinate the mili tary branches and the CIA so that each of these executive branches will know what the other is doing. In addition to an adequate and well trained military force, the President must strengthen and obtain better enforcement of the . civil defense program. It is a demanding challenge which must be met not .only for the sake of the nation but of the world. group as a whole characteristic ally practicable. The group is well aware of the distinction between legal equality and social equality. They are serious in their ef forts toward fair treatment of Negro and international stu dents. Discussion is carried out with a high degree of maturity in an atmosphere of informal ity. They are capable in construc ting their policy. Not because of their complete agreement over a given point but, in fact, because of a diversity of opin ion and the quality of the dis- * * * * * cussion that arises therefrom. Course of action and policy evolve from the idea? of a con siderable number of people. In dividuals stand out only be cause of their perspicacity and conviction. I believe that their chief limitation results from the sen sitivity of most people to this encompassing problem. Any potential course of action by this group must be weighed with concern for the reaction of the town, the University administration, and the student organizations. This limitation will progressively lessen as more and more people become informed and willing to over come their own hesitation and indecision. T. J. Russo, Grad. Gazette Acrountinp Club. 7:15 p.m., Phi Sip- ma Kappa AIM. S p.m., 203 HUB AWS Atherton Council. 7 p.m.. 115 Ath- erton AWS Judicial. 12 noon. 215 HUB AWS. 6:30 p.m., 203 HUB AWS Atherton Judicial. 9 p.m., 214 HUB Bloodmobilo Reuistmtion. $ a.m.-S p.m.. HUB fir*t floor lobby Chem-Phya Student Council. 6:15 p.m.. •216 HUB Chess Club. 7 p.m.. HUB cardroom Continuing Education, 12 noon-4: SO P.m.. 217-218 HUB English Student Council. 6:30 p.m.. 214-215 HUB Finance Club-Investor* Group. S p.m.. 215 HUB ID Card Committee. 10 a.m.. 218 HUB IV Christian Kellonshlp. 12:45 p.m.. 211 HUB Leadership Training, 7:00 p.m.. 119 Osmond Liberal Party, 6:30 p.m., 212 HUB Marine ‘Recruiting, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., 214 HUB Miss As. Judkins:, S p.m.. 212 HUB Navy Recruiting:, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., HUB ground floor lobby Off-Campus Tribunal. S p.m., Board Room. Old Main Penn State Forestry Society, 7 :00 p.m.. 105 Forestry Placement, 8 a.m.-o p.m.. 212-213 HUB SGA Committee on Interracial Prob- lems, 10 p.m., 213 HUB Sigma Theta Epsilon, 7:00 p.m., Wes ley Foundation Thespians Pledge Meeting, 7:00 p.m., •m HUB Traffic Code. 7:00 p.m., 217 HUB Women’s Chorus, 6:30 p.m., HUB a*« bdmbly room THE DAILY COLLEGIAN, STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA • - , V * /<-// \ .~:..w..__~...._ Snowed Government Must With Scientific Has conservatism in gov ernment been outdated by the amazing scientific ad vances of the past 60 years? Willi science and its by product, technology, advanc ing at an accelerating rate, the corresponding aspects of our economy and g o v e rnment m u st also change in or der to keep up with society. Perhaps so cial security, medical care for the aged, farmer price supports, fed eral aid to ed ucation and space explor- ation programs were unneces sary around the turn of the century, but this is not case today. j Techniology wasn’t on' the move 60 years ago like 'it is today and consequently, gov ernment, economic md popu lation changes were rather slow and unimportant. New inventions aro u n d the turn of the century, how- Silva Opposes Two Plans To Change Electoral College By LYNNE CEREFICE The use of the Electoral College- system in the United States presidential elections is a topic of great dispute among political scien tists throughout the nation. Many electoral systems have been proposed to replace the present one, the chief objection being that it creates a discrep ancy between the popular vote and the electoral vote. According to the present electoral system, each state is allotted one electoral vote for each of its senators and repre sentatives in Congress. In order io receive any slate's total number of electoral voles, a presidential candidate must have a .plurality voting lead over the next highest candi date of the popular vote in that state. Thus, under this system a candidate receiving a plurality of the nation's popu lar vole may lose the election unless he is able to secure a majority, more than half, of the nation's electoral votes. This disparity between the electoral vote and the popular vote is caused by three factors in our present electoral system, according to a speech written by Dr. Ruth C. Silva, profes sor of political science. “The allocation of the elec toral votes among the states on the basis of congressional rep resentation” is one factor. Miss Silva said in her speech which was delivered before Congress. This method. Miss Silva said, magnifies the power of the small states. "Under the pres ent system," she explained, "the nine most populous slates, which have 51 per cent oi the population, have only 18 of the 96 electoral votes based on representation in the Senate." A second cause of the dis crepancy. is “the assignment of the electoral votes to the states without regard to the popular vote,” Miss Silva stated in her speech. “In the 1952 election,” she. said, “one electoral vote in Illinois represented 166,000 popular votes, whereas one electoral vote in Mississippi represented only 36,000 popu lar votes.” Therefore, one vote in Mississippi was worth 4.6 ,as much as one vote in Illinois, she further stated. Miss Silva cited the geneial ticket system now in effect as the third reason for the dis- The Byes of ttye World Are Focused . . - =-...,,. . ~e . ../..„7 - N x/ ‘ / 1 - I ,X , A', 7 - . / • .4*,,V A 04,/,,r / V ,• , s".„ ~,%."!/,. 1 ' ~- :- .',/ "" : „,, /, ~,,,r .,,, T .4 ,• 1 . -7 .. z.- - . ... - , /.- • .:,:-.• /- -.... ..,V../-7 ~ .3• - . '.., ✓ . , , " 11 ~,,. •-/ v • ,4, , , ,, ", •, a ;• z; s e • 1 „ ....,; , / --, . , - ...!& 1 :; 1 " ' ..;,,,,d i—s 4 s , '‘,.. •:. ~:, . /7101ttli '' ' -- - ''..,; , .:4 4 / 7 ; 4 1/ ~..,--"", —..„,—...--. —......,, .. • " Or; ' 5 a ‘.. . , ••• 47 0. .."./?; ' . ~....s . ''''....‘ a. m. , ..' s , •• 6, "..' ~ ,O , ':, . , r'' ''... .% . ".....".. . 91...- - ' ' . • ..' ‘..-. j// .• ; 1'.... " 1„:" X, ...: , ' (.....) •••• ~..."""1 •••"""• ever, changed the entire com plexion of our society and the government’s role in it. The automobile created the need for roads. There was lit tle doubt that a group effort through the government would be more efficient in road con struction than would be a pro gram whereby each individual built a stretch of highway in front of his house. The airplane bi ought the need for government organiza tions like the CAA and the FAA and the expansion of the Weather Bureau. Today, due to the complexity of air routes and schedules, flight would be impossible without these organizations. And so the story goes. Sci entific advances required such mammoth undertakings that we were forced to turn to the federal government for a sol ution. Some people have tag ged this “creeping socialism.” Maybe it is! But, it seems ap parent to us that changes in scientific theoi'y must also bring about some modification in government theory. The so-called conservatives oppose federal aid to educa* MYERS crepancy between the two votes. “Under this system,” she explained, “a candidate with a popular plurality in a state receives all of that state’s electoral votes,” Two of the most well-known plans proposing changes in the current electoral system, as cited by Miss Silva, are the Mundt-Coudert and the Lodge- Gossett plans. The Mundt-Coudert plan proposes that one presidential elector be chosen in each con gressional district and the re mainder in the state at large. An example to explain this plan can be found in the 1952 election. In California, Steven son carried six congressional districts and would have re ceived six of California’s 32 electoral voles. Eisenhower won a popular plurality in the other 24 districts in the state, and therefore would have re ceived 24 electoral votes plus two additional ones for carry ing the state. The Lodge-Gossett plan would divide a state’s electoral vote among the presidential candidates in proportion to their popular vote in that state. In an illusiralion from ihe election, Jo show how this plan works, Eisenhower had 52,738 per cent of the popular vote in Pennsylvania and won all 32 of ihe state's electoral votes. Under the Lodge-Gossett plan, he would have received only 52.738 per cent or 16.876 of Pennsylvania's electoral votes. Miss Silva said in her speech that both plans look for a change which \y,ould make it unnecesarv for either party to bid for support of liberal vot KADIO niv., Pendix Corp. for .Tan BS & 1961 PHD grads in EE MECH PHYS ASTMAN KODAK CO. for Jan BS & 196 i MS grads in CH E CHEM EE IK ME PHYS A BA BS & 1961 MA MBA in MATH ACCTC. & STAT also BS in Marketing (2.5 avg mini mum renuired, preference given • to top ! o students in their respective deptst & R LAZARUS & CO. for .Tan BS & 1961 MS grads in ACCTC. BUS AD HOME ECON HOTEL MGMT or anyone interested in a retailing ca-, reer NATIONAL BUREAU OF STAND ARDS for Jan BA BS & 1961 MA MS PHD grads in CER T CHEM EE ENG MECH MATH PHY’S UNITED STATES STEEL CORP. for Jan BS grads in ARCH ARCH E CE CH E EE ENG MECH ENG SCI FUEL TECH IE ME MNG E. also 1961 MS grads in EE CH E METAL MNG E ENG MECH for production, staff work & sales; 1961 MS PHD Job Interviews Keep Pace Progress by joel myers iion, medical care to the aged and expansion of our outer space programs. This stand appears to be outmoded.‘ The wonders of medicine have given this nation a great er percentage of older citizens than ever before and it is the responsibility of the nation to “ accept the immense problem presented by their care. Rapid advances in science and related fields have made the proper education of our young essential in order to maintain a flourishing and forward-marching society. The government must now aid the nation’s educational system simply because it can’t operate at a necessary effiicency on the money supplied by the city or the state. Just as scientists don't try to make new discoveries with outdated theories, we must not try to manage the affairs of this nation with outmoded gov ernment machinery. The notions and ideas of the past must be revised and the challenges of today must be met with the proper equip ment, despite the unpatriotic sounding slogans some con servatives might attach to it. ers in presidential elections. This would eliminate the present practice whereby presi dential candidates advocate policies which ’'appeal to var ious ethnic, religious and eco nomic groups in metropolitan centers where these minorities often hold a balance of power in populous states controlling large blocks of electorial votes, she said. In addition. Miss Silva said that both plans would enhance the power of the South by placing it in a "balance of power position." She said that her strongest objection to both plans is that “they would allow a person with a plurality in the nation and a sizable majority in the North to win the presidency.” In her speech Miss Silva ex plained that both plans would stack the cards against a Re publican candidate. “In trans lating the popular votes into electoral votes, it would mag nify the Democratic vote and minimize the Republican vote,” she said. • Miss Silva said, however, that neither plan would cor rect the discrepancy between the popular and the electoral vote. Enforcement of the sec ond section of the 14th Amend ment, not the Mundt-Couderi or the Lodge-Gosseit plans, is the remedy for this situation," she said. “Without the present elec toral system which produces decisive electoral victories'with only small popular victories, the office and power of the President would suffer irre medial harm,” Miss Silva said. grads in CH E CHEM METAL PHYS FUEL TECH ENG MECH: also .Tan BS grads in ACCTG BUS MC.MT ECON FINANCE with interest in Comptroller & Treasury Depts. (2.29 avg preferred) NOV. 22 RADIO D(V.. BENDIX CORF, for Jan BS & 1961 MS PHD grads in EE ENG MECH FHYS ■ EASTMAN KODAK CO. for Jan BS & 19S1 MS grads in CH F, CHEM F.F. IE ME PHYS & BA BS & 1961 MA MBA in MATH ACCTG & STAT: also bS in Marketing |2.S avg minimum' rend, preference given to top- 1/3 students in .their re spective depts I PENNA. STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION fdr Jan BS grads in EDUC for Institutional teaching, BS grads in CHEM BACT HOMEECON . £ FOOD CHF.M: also BS in ACCTG BUS AD for bonking. BS In PSYCH EDUC CDFR for child welfare & social work: BS in AGRICULTURE: BS -in CH E CE SAN E ior Health and Sanitation Eng. being amyable— ; The Voting's Over r-Break Time At last, the voting is over for another four years and it is my dearest hope that the civil war of political ideas will - cease and I can go back to being amiable again. Since this is the first time I was able to vote, I assumed that all the information on both candidates and then, backed -by logical ~ arguments, made up their minds. But it seems, alas for the rationality of man, that as the time for b a lloting comes nearer t h e-. support for each can did a t e be comes',' more fervent and the reasons for that sup port become more illogical. I could concede that per haps I am not really rational but when I see my family, friends, profesors, and even the “most remarkable people that I have ever met” -getting hol larit.is and roaring argumen titis I begin to fear for my san ity Mins Rosenthal My friends, well al least they were, have accused me of sup porting creeping socialism, in flationary tendencies and sup porting a man whose sister-in law maried a Polish count who w as a Nazi sympathizer during World War 11. My boy friend, who has de cided that all thought has left my head, has been sending me clippings every day about the Puerto Rican voters who were commanded by Catholic au thority how to vote or be ex communicated. Hi s letters have been rather cool as of Most Drop Losing Candidates from Public Life On the day following a presidential election all atten tion is centered on the president elect. The defeated candi date, judging from past history, is lost to public service. Few defeated candidates have become active in gov ernment affairs. Perhaps the only one who was given an executive capacity after being defeated for the presidency was William Jennings Bryan. After three' unsuccessful tries for the chief executive's of fice, Bryan became secretary of state under Woodrow Wil son Another defeated candidate often mentioned as a possible secretary of state. Adlai Ste venson, who lost to President Eisenhower in ’52 and ’56, nev er had any official duties dur ing the Eisenhower administra tion. Stevenson has traveled widely in the past eight years, but' never in any government capacity. He also has written and lectured on U.S. policies, domestic and foreign, but did all of this independent of of ficial authority. Thomas Dewey, another twice defeated presidential candidate, served his home state of New York as governor and then returned to private law practice. He is still active in Republican party circles, bui holds no official oosiiion. Perhaps -the most active de feated candidate has been Her bert Hoover, who lost the 1932 election to Franklin D. Roose velt, Hoover, who still partici pates in Republican functions, became quite active after his one term in the presidency. He served as head of the two Hoover commissions which studied the problem of how to improve national government. Wendell Wilkie, the Repub lican candidate who lost the 1940 presidential election to Roosevelt, retired to private life after his defeat. Wilkie did some writing and also !/ tl THUS, IN \ ! ANALYZING THE TWO MOST POPULAR BUT, THE CAT STANDS PROUD And firm in hisoun £on actions, UNMOVED BY THE SWAYING VAGARIES OF MAN..." / oft. A { item; \ A Student-Operated Newspaper Satlg (UnUrgtatt Successor to The Free Lance, est. ISS7 Published Tuesday through Saturday morning during the University year. Yh* Daily Collegian is a student«operated newspaper. Entered as second-class mattes July 5. 1934 at the State College Pa. Post Office ander the act of March *. 187*. Mail Subscription Price: $3.00 p ec semester $3.00 per year. JOHN BLACK Editor City Editor: Carol Blakeslce; Assistant Editor. Gloria Wolford; Sports Editor* Sandy Pad we; Assistant City Editor and Personnel Director. Susan Linkroums Feature Editor and Assistant Copy Editor. Eiaine Micle; Copy Editor. Annabel!# Rosenthal: Photography Editor, Frederic Bower; Make-up Editor, Joel Myers. Local Ad Mgr,. Brad OHvis; Assistant Local Ad Mgr.. Hal Deisher; National Ad Mgr., Bessie Burke: Credit Mgr., Mary Ann Crans; Ase't Credit slgr., Neal Classified Ad Mgr.. Constance Kiesel; Co-Circulation Mgrs., Rosiland Abes. Richard Kitiinger; Promotion Mgr.. Elaine Michal; Personnel Mgr- Becky hohudic; Office Secretary, Joanne Huyett. STAFF THIS ISSUE: Headline Editor, Carol Kunkleman, Wire .Editor, Jerrie Markos; Night Copy Editor, Jo Anne Mark; Assistants, Dick Leighton, Marie Thomas, Craig Yerkes, Ann Irwin, Molla Edelstein, Bibi Wein, Arlene Lantzman, Bettie McCoy, Ann Garrison, Carmen Zetler, Cecilia Tolerico, Judy Zeger, Sue Beveridge, Bob Segal, John Gilbert, Len Butkiewicz, Tucker Merrill. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9 by ainy rose nth a l late because I can oe stub born. But my faith in humanity be gan to weaken even more when some of mv profs and adults whom I admire began to point out that the Demo crats were the oarty of war and appeasement. My parents have been very understanding. They say I’m a veritable genius. They voted for the same man that I did. But my most horrible ex perience came last week when all one had to say was Nixon and I was off waving my fin gers and, in a loud know-it-all voice, shouting rebuttal in phrases such as the U.S. is no longer a first-clas nation, 17 million people going to bed hungry every night, balancing the budget at the expense of national defense and of course the favorite, "Do you want Benson in for another four years?" I am quite undone. All I can say is my best wishes go to the winner. May he carry out all his promises with the aid of his party. And may the loser and his party act as the balanc ing force and checking force in the best interests of the peo ple. At least one canhot make the comment this month that Americans or PSU’ers are apathetic. And to you students, I must add, in closing, calm down and store up your energy and en thusiasm. for SGA elections are coming. By POLLY DRANOV traveled on his own to study U.S. relations with other coun tries. Two presidential candidaies who became members of the Supreme Court were Charles E. Hughes, the Republican who opposed Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and laler became Chief Justice and William H. Taft, who after serving his term in ihe presidency and then being defeated in ihe election of 1312 became a member of the Su preme Court. Alfred E. Smith, the first Roman Catholic to be nomin ated for the presidency, became nresident of the Empire State Building after his defeat in 1928 by Herbert Hoover. Also returning to private business after l osing a presi dential election were James M. Cox. the Democratic candidate who was beaten in the 1920 election by Warren G. Hard ing, and Alfred M. Landon, the Kansan who sought the presi dency in 1936 when Franklin Roosevelt won iiis second term. John W. Davis, the Demo crat who won 136 electoral voles in 1924 but lost the elec tion to Calvin Coolidge, re turned to his private legal practice after his defeat. The question of how a losing candidate can best be of serv ice to the country has been re ceiving congressional attention lately. Rep. Stewart Udall (D.- Ariz.) has suggested that a de feated candidate become a member of the Senate renre senting the U.S. at large. This would call for a constitutional amendment. ..THE DO 6; IN HIS INFINITE DESIRE TO PLEASE, TAKES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE' VESMAN' ' j - I'D BETTER LEAVE, Vj BECOMING NAUSEATED' J‘: .Sivreir.a- CHESTER LUCIDO Business Manager