HI
DEMOCRAT
AND
.Ml W 1
TRUTH AND RIGHT GOD AND OUR COUNTRY.
Two Dollars per Aunom in Advances
JACOBY k SUC51AN, rnbllsbett.
BLOOMS 13 U.HG COLUMBIA CO., PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23,1867. Ews.nn:j VOL. 1- NO. 48-
VOL; XXX-1 "
n ull 1 JHLo
V U U.J
1
7
7
, , l OCBT P1!0CI.1TI!)S.
17nEREAS, the Ilow. William Elwet.l. President
VV Judge of the Court of Oyer ind Terminer and Gen
era! Jail Delivery. Court pf Quarter tieasions of the
Foac and Court of Common Fleat and Orphan's Court
In'tlio 20th Judicial District, comporcd of. the co:iatics
of Columbia, Sullivan and Wyoming and ths lion. Iram
!rr and Peter 1. firhin, Asso'awJBJiesef Colum
bia Cn ,lia.ve issued their nreccpt.uearinp date tho -Jih
ftay of lrc in th year of our Lord one thousand ciUi
hundred and sixty-is. and to me directed for bol.linj a
Court ofOyer ant! Terminer and General Jail delivery.
General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, Common I'leas
and Orphan's Court, in Blooiiuburff. in the county of
Columbia, oe the a rut M on Hay, voting the 4th day; of
rlirvr,ry sext, te continue one week.
- Notice is hereby jl ven. to the Coroner, the Justices
vf the Peace itnd Countable of the said county of Col
VTCbiath.it they be then and there in their proner per.
n at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of said day with iheir
-.ords, inquisitions and other remembrance to do
those tbinps wich to their offices appertain to be done.
And those that ara bound hy recognizance, to prosecute
against the prisoners that are or ma v be iu the Jail of
mid coital? of Columbia to be theu and there to prose
cute tliem as shall be just. Jurors are requested to be
punctual in then atteadanee.ajreeably to tlv-ir nmioes
r i Dated at Moomsburl, the ttJibriayof li!r ,
L. S. Sin the year of oar Lord one thousand cunt
f wr ) hundred and sixty-t't. and in tlx: ninetieth
rear of the- tadenenacnee of the United States oi
America. ( Gun savbtiis Comomwblth. )
SA.Vl'EL FN'YDLll, Sheriff.
UlonrnsburZ. December, 29.. lrto5. 5
list of Causes for Trial at February
Term, 1007.
1 Susan Seybert by her next friend Ceorje humdn
vs. tics Adams. . -3
Pax ton Kline vs Jane Kline.
3 tvuliain L. lnce vs Thomas Crcvelinf.et.al.
4 Jacob Harris vs Peter Jucoby.
5 A. 3. 5";uil vs. Uenjamiii Wii'itcrten.
Rrnjnmin Zarr aiu wile vs. William Sharpies
7 Edward HrlTner vs The Locurt MuuuUiu Conl &
Iron l "oinpauv.
f) J. I'. Ilarkenbsrt fir the nse of 11. Chaniberlin vs
- kilns' D LUlcar.
D Jaeub Keiulty V i.-itawi.i Rail Rnad Company.
10 Henry V. Nus v Boroiirli of tierwic.
11 r'nu-i Co., vs JrMfph Fries;.
J Eli Jones t Miles C Abbott
1J ylveltr J Ffcux vs.lsaic Vhit.
J (ylvt-ler J. Faux vs Isaac While.
15 W right Hushes vs P-fr Millrr.
la Jorathan Koiltla vs Wright Hitches.
17 Mary K. Green vs l!.br. a. itowell, et at.
18 Junes Sterner vs Alin-rl IJ-irtiunn
IJ toi.moii Khuiniih vs William Longeuberier.
SW John Isttcbft VS Prt;r S. Kisbcl.
SH. Jiin Jameson v E. ifayer et al. .
Xd Job Crett v Alfred io I.
S3 iVootvy Pohw v Juh it W. Letcher.
i!4 Svlvr.ier J. Faat vs Isuae V'liilo.
V5 W iilMi" A. Man vs Jauiea Dyke.
k llury T. Ueily mow for the ue of Thoniat Creve-
l"B, jr.. VS. Jesse V. I'eniiinlon.
S7 by. vetltr J. faux MtlliiirU C Green's Admr's.
M Jacoa S. Evans vs Milliard C Grctn's Adutr's.
S.e. RnbUin vs Albert Hunter
M Jniues Kismn vs Mirhuel Ceam. rt al.
t Aniauda L. Da vis vs ttonhani G. Kat?.
:t Gaorgc 11. Brmvn vs I, d. dlaiieiB jii.
3:t i: W i'ampbell et al vs iumn P. Kase et al.
24 James Htrauter vs Georje Strieker. '
3j Aduin trautcr vs George Strieker.
i(i Stroud fc brown vs A. Creveliii'.
Traversa s Jurorsx for February Term 1 861.
BEAVBR Charles Michael, Sl-nhen Lehr. ' '
tbVi'0.vJfwph lle,tJr.
liOK. 1CK- Hiram K. Rower.
liOh. Cr.NTsHLIA- William II. KincboM, Kobert
Go'ill.
Bl.OUM Frederick C. Eyer. Clark M Krmrn, Sam
ucl Jactby. Witanu U. Komit, Daniel Lee, Wiiliaiu
iuyder.
LHlAP.CREEK-JlaBry Doak.reter Wennor.Thoj.
A lii:er.
CA rAWl5A John Scott, William Mart in, Jaiut s
8. MeNnith. Stephen Haldy.
;r..N i'Sili Jeee Ilicks. Jeste noff nan, Henry De
l.onjr."!-
COVl'NGHAM-Sjlvcster Ilufluiaii Mitharl Crone,
WiUiaiM llemsUit.l.-
Flr-H INGLKCKS Efia Ammrrmin.' Jeremiah
first, Thomas Lauler:aarli. AlexauUe Cramer.
FKANKLIN Thomas Mowrr. .
GRBKN WOOD Julin Jutinsoa. CaUb F. AJoore.
Thomas Keece
11 E..M LOCK David Vajoer, William I. Eyerly.
Hiram Appieuian. . ,
MAOIX Shepherd 3. Itunyan. '
MOVfOUll-iiimufl Luarui, Jacob Ernwiae,
Hash Monser. '
MIFFLIN Benjamin Y"ohe.
)KANUB A.Iaiu Hill. John Vanlie.
11 N; -Luther A Guriiiati.
KOKlNHi-it t-EK-VVilfram Dr?ihic?i.
UCOTT Alfred Crevelin, Joseph Lilly.
Grand Jurors, for February Ttrrm lH'67.
tLOOM Caleb Barton. Mathias Aapplcman. Chas.
Jl. Doebler.
BBAVER-Jonnthan Rredbender.
BEVrOM Willitu L. Cole, Samuel Mcllenry Ja
ecaWelliver. tNYNGHAM-Frederick tl. Wotfortb.
FPAKLIN John iMowrv. Hii-a n J. R-ader.
HEMLOCK William Fisher, Thomas J. Vaudcr
tlie'. '
LOCUST Isaac F.rwlns.
MA IN Charles Fish-r. John C. Gearbart.
MADISON Joseph Correl, Jhn .M6uer.
WT. PLEASANT Gabrifl Everett.
MIFFLIN-Curistian Wolf.
R,NGB Edward DeLons.
PINE Claik Wbitmoyer, Elijah Fullmer, Thomas
Mctiitde.
SLOrr Charles 9. Fcwler.
LUMBER ! LUMBER ! !
rBE BLOOM SKLTRG LUStoFHING COMPANY",
1 would respectfully iuforia the publii ttu they
have the:v r
PLANING MILL
new ia operation with an extensive assortment oi
and are w "prepared to supply all orders at short
notieu and at the Jowest prices for rash. Their a
tortment ol lumber consists of
Thite Pine, Pjankf Bonrtls,
Flooring, Snrl.icc Jarcls,
ficlinsTf Clcmlock Plan!'.
Innded or unplaned, to tnit purch-iei9 Fram,i 8tnfT.
Joice and Scantling of all sizes. Their I'laniiiz Mill
and Lsiulxt Yard is situate.! at the llailroul I'emH.
very coavtnieully for sbippinc In nber by the earr.
They are ci nriantly uianut'arturins; lumber of all
kinds, and persons who ilrsi'e lumber of every He
scriptinn will do well t ex inline their stock before
purchasing e'sewherc. They are determined and em
inently prefiareit to sell at cVeap as the clie ipi-st.
Theytloilesireto inforui the public and especially
those who wihti pnrciia biM-stuirtlit they hav
oue Mill specialty prepared t cut limber of almost
every size and length required. Thosc wisl.iii; to
build or eon tract oi ft f builUtug, ran save uioo'y, by
f ivinj us a lall
Toe undersigned ' would alo anncunce llinl they
re prepared to do all kiud ol icpairin; of Machinery.
u.:h as Tliresht'12 Machines 61oer , Keapers and
all knd of agricultural imuleineuts, UjiOJ reusoua.
Me terms..
Address. F.C. EVER. Sec'y.
Illooiujburi, Sept. 13, 1PC6. Hioom-burg I'a.
Uoic Lost, Hqo Restored.
Just Published, a new edition of
Da. CITLVF.IIWELL'S Celebrated fc.ay on the rarf.
ical cure (without meiliciue ;of r permit i.nlio-a. Sem
inal Weakaecs. Involuntary irjail Loases. I in po
tency, ftleiiutl and Phys eal Incapacity, luinedinients
to larriaa, etc. ;alsu Consumption. Kpilpsy. aud
Fits induced by self ludu'genc vr Sexual a-xlrava-
fiCT Price. In a sealed envelope, only 9 cents.
The CJtebrated author i:i this admirable essay
clearly demonstrates, from a .thirty years' success
ful prsetiee, thst the alarmiug consequences of self
abuse may be radically cured without the dang et
nas use of internal medicine er the application of
the kn'fe pointins oat a mode of cure at once sim
ple, certain, and effectual, by means of which ever
uOsrer. no matter what his condition may Ik., ma
cure himself cheaply, privately, and radically.
T This Uctore shou'd bfl in the bauds of every
youth and every man in the land.
Cent, under seal, in a i.laiu envelope, to any ad
dress post yaid. un receipt of fix cculs. or two post
iamd. .....
Address tUo publishers.
CHAS J.C.KLINE It CO.
127 nowcry. New York, Postoflice bt x, 456.
Dec IS, .
Wat. c. Master, oo. w- CAarsaTxa.
. - Eitablished 1828.
C. T7. CAUPESTI:B, I1EXSZK Y & CO.
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS'.
737 MmxT St. one door below Cth. FnutacLrat
' "PRCGS. MEDICINES. CHEMICALS.
PAINTS OIL. GLAr-S, VABNISHKS, UYE,
And every other article apperumtug to the
business, of the best quality, aod at the
lowest Market Kates.
March S3, lgtiti. ' - '
n0 TO BEOWER'S TO BUY YOUR
3J
THE
DEMOCRAT AND STAR,
PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY,
IN BLOOMSBUBCr, PA., Hi
JACOBY &. SHUMAN.
TF.HlH?.-8-7 ra in aeWanre. Knot pn'd wilhin
SIX MONTHS'. 5m re.-.t a.'dilioniil will h rharaed.
Nopapor i!irniitiiiiied until all nrri-ar.ig-.s
are paid except" et th rp ion of the editors.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
IBS U'H rOWSTlTDTK A Ft)0kK.
One square i-n nr 1 brer inrtin
Everv piibseueiit iiierti left than 13
. i 50
50
It.
stack.. .
1m.
3.
Csi.
One square.
Two squares.
Three
Four squares.
Half roliiniii.
One eolu-mi.
I 4 01
(!.0
I .M
10 o
1 4 to
I ".in
S.I 0"
roo
.in .1,1
I '.' 0 I
I 4.0-1
nyo
14.01
ii.W)
an oo
Exernior? and" Administrator's Notice-.. f O'i
Auditor's Ntice,. -
(titer advertisements itsertod according to special
contru -t.
Itusiuess notices, without advertisement, twenty,
certs per line. 4 -- v'
rraiini::nt n lverlisemfnts paya'ile in adtnnce all
other due llcr the firM insertion.
C7 OfFICE-ln Shive's lilw-.k. Corner of Main
and Iron lrvit.
Address. J ACOP.Y Jl PntTM A V.
llloonisbur;, C'olu nihil County, Ta
A flea for the Little Ones.
BY MRS. MARY PRATT.
Let tliem play thoso nappy children
In the tunshine jet them play ; .
S-""'n enough will life's dart shadowj
Linger long upon their way.
Soon enough will frosts of Winter
Nip the roses of to-day;
Soon enouph fur happy moments
They will wait, ana watch and pray.
riant are placed where uptornr-d petals
May receive thes day pod's kiv
And our bright soul-bcnrtng b!o5om3
Need light in a warlJ lika this. .
If, 'mid lore, and joy and snnsliino,
Tliej' life's course begin to run,
They may have less cause fr sorrow
Toward the setting of" its sun.
Cothe them warmly not knee breeches
-Leariner all below to freeze ;
Nor to make them "gcntesl" waisted s
Their young forms in corsets squeeze.
Natnrc is a finished sculptor ; T
Give them up to her contro?,
So that each may have a lody
Fitted to enshrine a soul.
IN AUGURAL
Address of Governor John W.
Geary.
FELLOW-crnzr.xs : Honored by the se
lection of the sovereign paoplu of my native
State J3 their choice for Chief Magistrate of
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is
with mingled feeling of humility and grati
tude that I Inre appeared in the presence
of my fallow countrymen, and before the
Searcher of all' Hearts, to take the solemn
obligation prescribed as a qualification foT
that exalted station, "rapport the.Constitu
Voi of the United States and the Constitu
tion of Pennsylvania, and to perform my
official duties wtfh fidelity."
Profoundly sensible of everything that is
implied by this manifestation of the peo
ples's confidence, a"d more deeply impress
ed with the vast-importance and responsi
bilities of the office, than elevated by its
attendant honors, let it be our first pratefnl
duty to return fervent thanksgivings to Al
mighty God for his constant providence aud
unnumbered blessings to us as a people, and
especially mine to implore His aid nd
counsel in the discharge of civil trusts, who
has been my shield and buckler amidst
scenes of peril and death.
. In addressing you on this occasion, in ac
cordance with a custom originating with the
Republican father?, I proposa brirflr to ex
press my opinion on irach question! as tci.
cern our common constituency, and relate
to our common responsibilities.
Like countries of the Ola World, our na
tion has had its infernal commotions. From
the last of these we have scarcely yet emerg
ed, and during which "War's desolation"
passed over our land, leaving it blightning
influences priacr pally upon thosi unfortunate
States whose people rebelled agaiast the
Government, and notwithstanding the ago
nizing sacrifices of a great civil war, the
States that maintained the Government and
determined that the Union should be pre
sarved, have constantly advanced in honor,
wealth, population, and general prosperity.
This is the first time a change has occur
red in the Executive Department of this
State since the commencement of the war of
the. rebellion; a brief reference, therefore,
to that conflict, and to its results, may not
be inappropiate.
We have the consolation of knowing that
the contest between the North and the
South was not, on our part, one for ambi
tion, for military renown, for territorial ac
quisition, nor was it for a vio!ation of any
of the rights of the South, but it waj for
the preservation of our own rights snd privi
leges as men, and for the maintenance of
justice, liberty, and the Union. The objec t
of the South was avowedly the dissolution of
the Union and the establishment of a con
federacy based upon "the corner Etone of
human slavery." To have submitted to
this on our part, and have thrunk fiom a
manly resistance under such circumstances,
would have been deeply and lastingly de
grading, and would have destroyed the val
ue of the priceless legacy bequeathed to us
by our fathers, and whieh we' are obligated
to transmit unimpaired to future genera
tions. ' The patriotic and Union-loving peo
ple felt that the alternative Tas that of life
or death to the Union ; and under the au
spicious guidance of Abraham Lincoln, that
virtuous and patriotic . Chief Magistrate,
with the blessing of Ilim who directs the
destinies f nations, after open action and
arbitrary violence on the part of the South,
the appeal to ami waM xnadt. We had a
f.ro I 3 eo
3 oo a.oi
3,00 7 00
i.)0 I f "0
III. DO I l-'OO
15.00 l"0(
just cause, and our citizens approving it with
a degree of unanimity heretofore unknown,
in this or any other conntry, left their va
rious employments, their homes and all that
was dear to them, and hastened with enthu
siasm to the scenes where duty and danger
called, and as the surest pledge of their un
swerving love and fidelity to the Union, they
unhesitatingly offered their lives for its pres
ervation. Nor was any e ther tribute with
held in providing the means necessary for
the .support of our fleeia and armies. Near
ly f.vo millions os soldiers entered the field
fVoai time to time on different terms of en
listment. The citizens generally exhibited
the' highest degree of patriotism in the
prompt payment of taxes, in their liberal
contributions in the shape of loans to the
Government; and tho world was astonished
by the amount expended in their benevolent
care for the sick and wounded, through the
agencies of the Sanitary and Christian Com
missions and other charitable association!.-
More than six hundred sanguinary battles
and skirni'uhes were fought, in which near
ly three hundred thousand of our heroic de
fenders laid down their lives in their devotion
to the nation "for God and Liberty."
In every phase of this "terrible conflict,
Pennsylvania bore an honorable an J conspic
uous part. She contributed three hundred
and sirty-six thousand three hundred and
twenty-six volunteer soldiers to the rescue
of the nation ; and nearly every battle-field
has been moistened with the blood, and
whitened with the bones of her heroes. To
them we owe our victories, unsurpassed in
brilliancy and in the importance of their
consequence-.'. To the der.d the thrice
honored dead we. are deeply indebted, for
without their services it is possible our cause
might not have been successful.
, It is. natural and eminently proper that
we, as a people, should foel a deep and last
ing interest in the present and future wel
r. r 4t. t i: u i i j-
laic ui IHU &UIUICI3 WU'J IlctVU i;uri;e bo uis-
tinguished a part in the great content whieh
has resulted in the maintenance of the life,
honor, and prosperity of the nation. The
high claims of the private soldiers upon the
country arc universally acknowledged, and
the generous sentiment prevails that the
amplest care should bo taken by the Gov
ernment to compensate them, equally and
generously, with bounties and pensions, for
their services and sacrifices.
I desire that it may be distinctly under
stood that I do not speak of nii'self, in con
nection wilh this subject; but I am happy
to avail myself of this opportunity to speak
kind wordj of Pennsylvania's gallant pri
vate soldiers, and the noble officers who
commanded them.
The generosity of the people of Pennsyl
vania to the Union soldiers has been imitat
ed, but not equaled, by other States. There
is something peculiar in the loyalty of Penn
sylvania. She seemed to feci, from the
first, as if upon her devolved the setting of
a superior example. The fact that she car
ried upon her standard the brightest jewel
of the Republic, that in her bosom was con
ceived, andfrr):n her commercial capital was
issued, the Declaration of Independence,
gave to her contributions, in men and money,
and her unparalleled charitable organiza
tions, all the dignity and force of a model
for others to copy. The rebel foe seemed to
feel that if he could strike a. fatal blow at
Pennsylvania, he would recover all his losses,
and establish a resistless prestige in the oil
world. Rat thanks to Divine Providence,
and to the" enduring bravery of citizen sol
diers, the invasion of onr beloved State seal
.! hr more closeiy to ihe caue of free
dom.
The result of the battle of Gettysburg
broke the power of. the rebellion, and al
though the final issue was delayed, it wa
inevitable from the date of that great event.
That battle rescued all the other free States;
and when the arch of victory was completed
by Sherman's succesiful advance from the
sea, so that the two conquerers conld f-hake
hands over the two fields that closed the
war, the soldiers of Pennsylvania were equal
sharers in the glorious consumation. "
No people in the world's history have ever
been saved from so incalculable a calamity,
and no people have ever had such cause for
gratitude toward their defenders.
And here I cannot refrain from an expres
sion of regret that the General Government
has not taken any steps to inflict the proper
penalties of the Constitution and law3 upon
the leaders of those who rudely and fero
ciously invaded the ever sacred soil of our
State.
It is certainly a mo? bid cTcmency, and a
censurable forbearance, which fail to penish
the greatest crimes "known to the law3 of
civilized nations," and may not'the hope be
reasonably indulged that the Federal au
thorities will cease to extend unmerited
mercy to those who inaugurated the rebell
ion and controlled the movements of its ar
mies? If this be done, treason will be
"rendered odious," and it will be distinctly
proclaimed, on the pages of our future his
torj'i that no attempt can be made with im
punity to destroy our Republican form of
government.
And while we would remember "the sol
dier who has borne the battle," we must not
forget "his widow and his orphan children."
Among our most solemn obligations , is the
maintenance of .the indigent widows, and
the support and education of the orphan
children of those noble men who fell in de
fence of the Union. To affirm that we owe
a debt of gratitude to those who have been
rendered homeless and fatherless by their
parent's patriotic devotion to the country, is
a truth to which all mankind will yield a
ready assent; and though we cannot call the
dead to life, it is a privilege, as well as a
duty to taken the orphan by the hand, ad be
to him a protector and a father.
Legislative appropriations have honored
tho living soldiers, and entombed the dead.
.The people, at the ballot-box, have sought
out the meritorious veterans, and the noble
spectacle is now pietcnted of the youthful
survivors of those who fell for their country
cherished and educated at the public expense.
Even if I were differently constitute!, my
official duties would constrain me vigilantly
to guard thissacre trn--t. But having serv
ed in the same cause, and been honored hy
the highest marks of pnMic favor. T pledge
myself to bear in mind the injunction and
wishes of the people, and if possible to in
ercae the efficiency and multiply thcbeneSts
of the schools nni institution?, already so
ere litably established, for the benefit of the
orphans of our martyred heroes.
The infatuation of treason, the downfall
of slavery, the vindication of .freedom, and
the complete triumph of the government of
the people, are all so many proofs of the
"Divinity that has shaped our ends," and so
many promises of a future crowned with
success if we are only true to our mission.
Six years ago the spectacle of four millions
of slaves, increasing steadily both their own
numbers and the pride and the material
and political power of their masters, pre
sented a problem so appalling, that states
men contemplated it with undisguised alarm,
and the monli.st with shame. To-day these
four millions, no longer slaves, but freemen,
have intermediately prove 1 their humanity
towards their oppressors, their fidelity to
society, and their loyalty to the Government,
arc peacefully incorporated into tlu body
po'Itie, and are rapidly preparing to assume
their righti as citizens of the United States.
Notwithstanding this unparalleled change
was only effected after an awful expenditure
of blood and treasure, its consummation
may well be cited as the sublimest proof of
thi fitness of the American people to ad
minister the government according to the
pledges of the Declaration of Independ
ence. We have but to estimate where human
slavery would have carried our country in
the course of another generation, to realize
the force of this commanding truth. And
as we dwell upon the dangers we have es
cape !, we may the better understand what
Jefferson meant when, in the comparative
infancy of human slavery, he exclaimed, "I
tremble for my country when I reflect that
God is just!"
A simple glance at what must have been
our fate had slavery been permitted to in
crease will be sufficient. In I860 the slave
population amounted, in exact numbers, to
three millions nine hundred and fifty-three
thousand seven hundred and sixty. Taking,
the increase, 23.49 per cent, from 1850 to
1S00, as the basis of calculation for every ten
years, in 1900, they would have numbered at
least upwards of nine millions. What Chris
tian statesman as ho thanks God for the tri
umph of the Union arms, docs not shudder
at the terrible prospect presented by these
startling figures?
But while there is cause for constant soli
citude in the natural irritations produced by
such a conflict, hn is but a gloomy prophet
who docs not anticipate that the agencies
which accomplLshcd these tremendous re
sult, will successfully cope with and put down
all whoattdnnt to govern the nation in the
interests of defeated ambition and vanquish
ed tieason.
The people of the conquering North and
West have comparatively little to do but to
complete the good work. Ilicy command
the position. The courage of the soldier and
the sagacity of the statcsmau, working har
moniously, have now sealed and confirmed
the victory, and nothing more is required
but a faithful adherence to the doctrines
which have achieved fcuch marvelous re
sults. The overthrow of the rebellion has chan
ged the whole system, of Southern sociefy,
and proportionately affected other interests
and sections. Demanding the enlighten
ment Tif millions, long benighted, it forces
upon the North and, West the consideration
of a more perfect and pervading education
al policy.
Much as we have boasted and have reason
to boast, of our common Schools, we can
not deny, when we compare them with those
of New England, and contrast them with
the pre pcrat ions for the education of the
Southern people of all classes, that wc have
much to overcome if we would equal the one
cr ftimulate the other. The recent conven
of County School Superintendents of Penn
sylvania exhibits soni? startling facts, which
deserve the attention of the people and their
representatives. Yet it is not by legislation
alone that any people can be brought to un
derstand their relations to each other as citi
zens. Their bet instiuctors arc themselves.
However liberal the appropriations may be,
if they arc not seconded by that commend
able spirit which impels the pr.rent to im
press upon the child the necessity of a sound
moral and intellectual training, your repre
sentatives are generous in vain. Everything
depends upon the people ; hence the great
complaint preferred by the convention of
teachers, of shortness of terms in some dis
tricts of the small attendance of enrolled
scholars, of the employment of our unqual
ified instructors, and of the want of proper
school houses, results unquestionably not so
much from the indifference of the State, as
from the negligence of those who are invi
ted to share and enjoy the blessings of a
cheap and admirab le system of popular
education. If my fellow citizens will only
recollect the difference between the opportu
nities of the present generation and those of
their fathers, and how much i$ 'to bgainedJLa'he neglect of this kind of instruction was
by a cultivation of modern facilities, they,
will require little exhortation to the discharge
of duties which relate almost exclusively to
themselves and to those nearest and dearest
to them.
The importance bf common schools, in a
republican Government, can never he fully
estimated. To cductac the people is the
highest public duty. To permit them to re
main in ignorar.ee i3 inexcusable. Every
thing, there'ore, should be encouraged that
tends to 1 uild up, strnegthen and elevate
our State n the sure foundation of the edu
cation of the people. Every intersst and industrial-
puis-iit will be aided and promoted
by its operations, every man who is educa
ted is improved in usefulness, in propor
tion as he is skilled in labor, cr intelli
gent in the professions, and is in every re
spect more valuable to society. Education
seems to be essential to loyalty, for no State
ia the full enjoyment of free schools, ever
rebelled against the Government.
Pennsylvania should be the vanguard in
the great mission of education. She should
remember that as she has been the mother
of States, she should also be the teacher of
States. "The great problem of civilization
is how to bring the higher intelligence of the
community, and its better moral feelings, to
bear upon the masses of the people, so that
thelowcct grades of intelligence and morals
shall always be approaching the higher, and
the higher still rising. A church purified of
superstition solves part of thi.? problem, and
a good school system does not rest"
Nothing, after the education of the peo
ple, contributes more to the security of a
State than a thorough military system. ' The
fathers of the Republic, acting upon the in
stinct cf preparing for war in the time of
peace, embodied this knowledge among the
primary ol ligations of the citizen. Yet the
rebellion f.mnd usalmost wholly unrr?parcd.
Our confidence in our institutions was so
firm that the idea of an attack upon them
from any quarter, much less from those who
had been the "spoiled children" of the gov
ernment, was never believed possible, how
ever threatened. The first clash of arms
found u equally undeceived and unorganized
and we very soon experienced that the con
trivers of the great slave conspiracy had not
only strengthened themselves by the stolen
ships, arms and fortifications of the Govern
ment, but had for years designed instructing
their yo::th in the science of arms ; and when
the bloody tempest opened upon us they
were ready to sprinjr at the heart of the Re
public, while the citizens, in whose hands
the government was left, were compelled to
protect themselves and their country, as best i
thev could. I
The Ffneral and essential principles of
law and liberty, declared in the Constitu
tion of Pennsylvania, shall be watchfully
guarded. It will be my highest ambition to
administer the government in the true
spirit of that instrument. Care shall be
taken "that the laws be faithfully executed,"
and the decisions of the courts respected and
enforced, if within their authorized juris
diction. Influenced only by the considera
tions for the public welfare, it is my impera
tive duty to see that justice he impartially
administered. That merciful provision, the
pardoning poirrr, conferred upon the Exe
cutive doubtlessly for correcting only the er
rors of criminal jurisprudence, and secur
ing justice, shall not be perverted to the in
discriminate protection of those who may
be jnstly sentenced to bear penalties for in
fractions of the !aT3 made for the seenrity
and protection of society. Those "cruelly"
r "oxee?sively"' punished, cr crroneous'y
convicted, are alona entitled to its benefi
cent prrtoetion. rn 1 only such should expect
its exercise in th ir behalf.
Whenever the people deem it expedient
or necesaary, from actual experience, to al
ter the law?, or to amend the Constitution, it
is their undoubted right to do so, according to
the mode prescribed within itself. I here
repeat, what I have said elsewhere, that "so
long as the people feel that the power to al
ter or change the character of the govern
ment abides in them, so long will they be
impressed with a tense of security and of
dignity which must ever spring from the
consciousness that they hold within their own
hands a remedy for every political evil a cor
rective for every governmental abuse and
usurpation."
When wc reflect upon the terrible sacri
fices we endured to maintain our liberties,
and anticipate that glorious period of our
countri' when the whole continent will be
dedicated to human freedom, and when the
despotisms of the earth will construe our
example into a standing threat against their
tyranny, we cannot disregard the considera
tion of this important subject.
As beforoi remarked, Pennsylvania con
tributed over three hundred thousand troops
to the national cause. Deducting the loss of
nearly thirty thousand by wounds and dis
ease incurred in the field, what an immense
army has been left to circulate among and
to educate the mass of our population! Pro
perly comprehending this thought, we
have at once the secret of cur past success,
our present safety and our future power. It
would be easy to create an emulation in the
science of arms among the youth of the
State, by proper organization, and to disem
inate, in all our schools, that loyalty to the
whole country, without which there can be
no permanent safety to our liCertj.
In their late report, the visitors to the
West Point Military Academy laid a signifi
cant stress upon the necessity of such pre
ceptors, in the future, as would teach the
students of that institution their first and
unavoidable obligations to the principles
upon which the Government itself reposes
- . '
felt in almost every movement during the
recent conflict ; and it is not going too far
to say that many who disregarded their
oaths, and who drew their swords against
the Government that had educated and
nourished them, found a meretricious conso
lation in the fact that they were permitted
to cherish an allegiance to the State in which
they were born, which conflicted with and
destroyed that love of country which should
be made supreme and above all other polit
ical obligations.
If, in our past and recent experience,
there has been cxhibted the valuable and
splendid achievements of our volunteers in
the national defence, there has also been
shown the necessity for military skill, and
that knowledge of, and familiarity with, the
rules of discipline so essentially necessary in
their prompt and effectual employment.
In order, therefore, to make ous military sys
tem effective, we rhouli have particular re
gard for the lesson, that to prevent or repel
danger, our State should always have a well
disciplined force, prepared to act with
promptness and vigor on pny emergency ;
nor should we forget that it is impossible to
tell how soon our warlike energies may
again be required in the field.
In nothing have our trials during the war
and the resulting triumph to our anus, been
so full of compensation, as in the establish
ment of the proud fact that we are not only
able to defend ourselves against assault, but
what is equally important, to depend upon
and lite xtpon our oicn resources. At the
time the rebellion was precipitated upon us
tho whole business and trade of the nation
wr.s paralyzed. Corn in the West wa uci
for fuel, and the producer was compelled to
lose not only tho interest upon his capital,
but the very capital he had invested. Ltbor
was in excess, and men vrere everywhere
searching for employment Mills and fur
naces were abandoned. Domestic inter
course was so trifling that the stocks of a
number of the most important railroads in
the country fell to, and long remained at, an
average price of less than fifty per cent
But the moment danger to the Union be
came imminent, and the necessity of a self
reliance was plainly presented as the only
means of securing protection, and the grad
ual dispersion of our mercantile marine by
the apprehension of the armed vessels of the
armed vessels of the rebels, the American
people began to practice upon the maxims
of self defense and self dependence. From
having been, if not absolutely, impoverished
and almost without remunerative enterprise,
depressed by unemployed labor and idle cap
ital, al! their great material agencies were
brought into motion with a promptitude,
and kept in operation with a rapidity and
regularity which relieved them from want,
their country from danger, and excited the
amazement of civilized nations.
Protection to the manufactures of the
countoy, when rightly viewed, is merely the
defence of labor against competition from
abroad. The wages of labor in the United
States is higher than those of any other
country, consequently our laborers are the
more elevated. Labor is the foundation of
both individual and national wealth ; and
those nations that have best protected it
from foreign competition have been the most
prosperous. It is clearly, therefore, the in
terest of the nation to faster aud protect do
mestic industry by relieving from internal
taxation every sort of labor, and imposing
such heavy duties upou ail importations of
foreign manufactured articles, as to prevent
the possibility of competition from abroad.
Not only should individual enterprise and
industry be thu3 encouraged, but all public
works, a liberal and properly restricted gen
era! railroad system, and internal improve
ments of every kind, receive the fostering
care and most liberal aid of the Govern
ment. e are rich in everything necessary
to meet our wants, and render us indepen
dent cf every other country, and we have
only to avail ourselves of our own resources
and capabilities, to progress continually on
ward to a degree of greatness never yet at
tained by any nation. Our agricultural,
mineral and manufacturing resources arc
uncqnalcd, and it should le our constant
study to devise and prosecute means tending
to their highest development
Why, then, should not the wisdom of
Government make available the teachings of
experience, and at or.ee legislate for the
manifest good of the people? Why per
mit our manufactures to beg that they may
live?
The Government of Great Britain has, by
her protective system, "piled duty upon
duty," for more than one hundred and fifty
yenrs, and hence upon protection is founded
her manufacturing supremacy. Yet her
emissaries come to this country, and for sin
ister purpores, extol "free trade," speak
scofiingly of "protection," and endeavor to
persuade our people to believe and adopt
the absurd thecry, that "taring hinder the
development of industry and the growth of
wealth."
The great Republican party, in the Con
vention which nominated Abraham Lincoln,
in Chicago, in 18C0, as if preparing for the
very war which most of our statesmen were
at that period anxious to postpone, adopted
a resolution, "which," to use the language
of an eminent Pennsylvanian, "declared that
the produce of the farm should no longer be
compelled to remain inert and losing inier
cst while waiting demand in distant marke s ;
that the capital which daily took the form
of labor power should no longer be allowed
to go to waste ; that the fuel which under
lies our soil should no longer-there remain to
he a mere support for foreign rails ; tint the
power which lay then petrified in the form
of coal should everywhere be brought to aid
the human arm ; that our vast deposits of
iron ore should be made to take the form of
engines and other machinery, to be used as
substitutes to mere muscular force ; and that
all our wonderful resources, material and
moral, must and should be at once developed.
Such was the intent and meaning of the
brief resolution then and there adopted, to
be at the earliest practicable moment rati
fied by Congress, as proved to be the cass
when the Morrill tariff, on the memorable
2d of March, 18C1, was made the law of the
land. To that law, aided as it was by the
admirable action of the Treasury in sup
plying the machinery of circulation, w
stand now indebted for the fact that we
have, in the short space of five years, pro
duced more food, built more houses and
mills, opened more mines, constructed more
roads than ever before, and so .greatly added
to the wealth of the country, that the prop
erty of the loyal States would this day ex
change for twice the quantity of gold than
could five years since have been obtained for
all the real and personal property, Southern
chattels excepted, of the whole of the
States and territories of which the Union
stands composed."
If the principle of protection proved to ba
such a talisman in the time of -war, shall we
reject it in tlinc of peace? If an answer
were needed to this question, reference could
be had to the repealed concessions to this
principle by the recent free-traderj of
the South. Scarcely one of the ambi
tious men who led their unfortunate people
into rebellion but uw freely admits that if
the South had manufactured their own fab
rics, on their own plantations, and cultivated
6'i!lcd labor in their great cities, they would
have been able to prolong their conflict with
the Government ; and now to enjoy substan
tial, instead of artificial prosperity, they
must invoke the very agencies they had so
long and so fatally disregarded. Words .
need not be multiplied upon this important
theme, either to make my own position!
stronger, or to impress upon the people the
value of adhering to a tystem which has
proved itself worthy of our continued sup
port, and of the imitation of its former op
ponents. The exhibit of the finances of the Com.
monwealth, as presented in the late annnal
message of my predecessor, and the report
of the Stato Treasurer, is certainly very grat
ifying ; and the flattering prospect of the
speedy extinguishment of the debt which
has been hanging, for so many years, like a.
dark cloud over the prospects of our State,
ombioed with the hope that a reasonable
reduction will be made in our habitual an
nual expenditures, will cheer the people on
ward in the pathway of dutv.
Among the most delicate and iranortan?
obligations required of those in official posi
tions, is a strict and faithful management of
the public revenues and expenditures of the
Commonwealth. Taxation should be ap
plied where its burdens may be least felt,
and where it is most just that it should bo
borne. Every resource should be carefully
husbanded, and the strictest economy prac
tised, so that the credit of the State fhall
bo maintained on a firm and enduring basis,
and the debt surely nnd steadily diminished,
until its final extinguishment Unnecessary
delay in this would, in my opinion, be in
compatible with our true interest1?.
That these expectations are capable of
speedy and certain consummation, has al
ready been demonstrated. The public im
provements, the cause of our heavy debt,
which seemed to le an incubus upon the
prosperity of the State, 6o long as they
were managed by her agents, have been
sold; the tax on real estate has been abol
ished, and considerable reductions have al
ready been made on the State debt.
This important branch of the administra
tion shall receive my constant and zealous
attention.
We arc confessedly in a transition 6tate.
It is marvelous how prejudice has perished
in ths furnace of war, and now, from the
very aches of old hatreds and old parties,
the truth rises purified and triumphant
The con'est between theExecutiveand a Con
gress twice elected by substaptially the same
suffrages, a contest so anomalous in our ex
perience as not to have been anticipated by
the framer? of the National Constitrt i n
has only served to develop the remarkable
energies of our people, and to strengthen
thcra for future conflicts. That contest is
virtually decided.
The victorious forces, physical and moral,
of the patriotic millions, are simply pausing
before they perfect th work of reconstruc
tion. Twenty-six states have not only been
saved from the conflagration of war, but
have been crystaiized in the saving. The
unrcstored ten, still disaffected and still defi
ant, seem to be providentially delaying their
return to the Union, so that when they re
enter upon its obligations and its blessings
they will be the better able to fulfill the one
and enjoy the other. Their condition is a
fearful warning to men and nations, and
especially to ourselves.
Until slavery fell we did not fully under
stand the value of Republican institutions.
Accustomed to tolerate, and in many cases to
defend slavery, we did not feel that its close
proximity, so far from assisting, was grad
ually destroying our liberties: and it was only
when rebellion tore away the mask, that we
saw the hideous features of the monster
that wa3 eating out the vitals of the Repub
lic If we are now astonished and shocked at
the exhibition of cruelty aod ingratitude
among three who, having inaugurated and
prosecuted a careless war against a gener-
y i 1 '.itA
ous government, ana caving un ptsruuvw
-4
I