HI DEMOCRAT AND .Ml W 1 TRUTH AND RIGHT GOD AND OUR COUNTRY. Two Dollars per Aunom in Advances JACOBY k SUC51AN, rnbllsbett. BLOOMS 13 U.HG COLUMBIA CO., PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23,1867. Ews.nn:j VOL. 1- NO. 48- VOL; XXX-1 " n ull 1 JHLo V U U.J 1 7 7 , , l OCBT P1!0CI.1TI!)S. 17nEREAS, the Ilow. William Elwet.l. President VV Judge of the Court of Oyer ind Terminer and Gen era! Jail Delivery. Court pf Quarter tieasions of the Foac and Court of Common Fleat and Orphan's Court In'tlio 20th Judicial District, comporcd of. the co:iatics of Columbia, Sullivan and Wyoming and ths lion. Iram !rr and Peter 1. firhin, Asso'awJBJiesef Colum bia Cn ,lia.ve issued their nreccpt.uearinp date tho -Jih ftay of lrc in th year of our Lord one thousand ciUi hundred and sixty-is. and to me directed for bol.linj a Court ofOyer ant! Terminer and General Jail delivery. General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, Common I'leas and Orphan's Court, in Blooiiuburff. in the county of Columbia, oe the a rut M on Hay, voting the 4th day; of rlirvr,ry sext, te continue one week. - Notice is hereby jl ven. to the Coroner, the Justices vf the Peace itnd Countable of the said county of Col VTCbiath.it they be then and there in their proner per. n at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of said day with iheir -.ords, inquisitions and other remembrance to do those tbinps wich to their offices appertain to be done. And those that ara bound hy recognizance, to prosecute against the prisoners that are or ma v be iu the Jail of mid coital? of Columbia to be theu and there to prose cute tliem as shall be just. Jurors are requested to be punctual in then atteadanee.ajreeably to tlv-ir nmioes r i Dated at Moomsburl, the ttJibriayof li!r , L. S. Sin the year of oar Lord one thousand cunt f wr ) hundred and sixty-t't. and in tlx: ninetieth rear of the- tadenenacnee of the United States oi America. ( Gun savbtiis Comomwblth. ) SA.Vl'EL FN'YDLll, Sheriff. UlonrnsburZ. December, 29.. lrto5. 5 list of Causes for Trial at February Term, 1007. 1 Susan Seybert by her next friend Ceorje humdn vs. tics Adams. . -3 Pax ton Kline vs Jane Kline. 3 tvuliain L. lnce vs Thomas Crcvelinf.et.al. 4 Jacob Harris vs Peter Jucoby. 5 A. 3. 5";uil vs. Uenjamiii Wii'itcrten. Rrnjnmin Zarr aiu wile vs. William Sharpies 7 Edward HrlTner vs The Locurt MuuuUiu Conl & Iron l "oinpauv. f) J. I'. Ilarkenbsrt fir the nse of 11. Chaniberlin vs - kilns' D LUlcar. D Jaeub Keiulty V i.-itawi.i Rail Rnad Company. 10 Henry V. Nus v Boroiirli of tierwic. 11 r'nu-i Co., vs JrMfph Fries;. J Eli Jones t Miles C Abbott 1J ylveltr J Ffcux vs.lsaic Vhit. J (ylvt-ler J. Faux vs Isaac While. 15 W right Hushes vs P-fr Millrr. la Jorathan Koiltla vs Wright Hitches. 17 Mary K. Green vs l!.br. a. itowell, et at. 18 Junes Sterner vs Alin-rl IJ-irtiunn IJ toi.moii Khuiniih vs William Longeuberier. SW John Isttcbft VS Prt;r S. Kisbcl. SH. Jiin Jameson v E. ifayer et al. . Xd Job Crett v Alfred io I. S3 iVootvy Pohw v Juh it W. Letcher. i!4 Svlvr.ier J. Faat vs Isuae V'liilo. V5 W iilMi" A. Man vs Jauiea Dyke. k llury T. Ueily mow for the ue of Thoniat Creve- l"B, jr.. VS. Jesse V. I'eniiinlon. S7 by. vetltr J. faux MtlliiirU C Green's Admr's. M Jacoa S. Evans vs Milliard C Grctn's Adutr's. S.e. RnbUin vs Albert Hunter M Jniues Kismn vs Mirhuel Ceam. rt al. t Aniauda L. Da vis vs ttonhani G. Kat?. :t Gaorgc 11. Brmvn vs I, d. dlaiieiB jii. 3:t i: W i'ampbell et al vs iumn P. Kase et al. 24 James Htrauter vs Georje Strieker. ' 3j Aduin trautcr vs George Strieker. i(i Stroud fc brown vs A. Creveliii'. Traversa s Jurorsx for February Term 1 861. BEAVBR Charles Michael, Sl-nhen Lehr. ' ' tbVi'0.vJfwph lle,tJr. liOK. 1CK- Hiram K. Rower. liOh. Cr.NTsHLIA- William II. KincboM, Kobert Go'ill. Bl.OUM Frederick C. Eyer. Clark M Krmrn, Sam ucl Jactby. Witanu U. Komit, Daniel Lee, Wiiliaiu iuyder. LHlAP.CREEK-JlaBry Doak.reter Wennor.Thoj. A lii:er. CA rAWl5A John Scott, William Mart in, Jaiut s 8. MeNnith. Stephen Haldy. ;r..N i'Sili Jeee Ilicks. Jeste noff nan, Henry De l.onjr."!- COVl'NGHAM-Sjlvcster Ilufluiaii Mitharl Crone, WiUiaiM llemsUit.l.- Flr-H INGLKCKS Efia Ammrrmin.' Jeremiah first, Thomas Lauler:aarli. AlexauUe Cramer. FKANKLIN Thomas Mowrr. . GRBKN WOOD Julin Jutinsoa. CaUb F. AJoore. Thomas Keece 11 E..M LOCK David Vajoer, William I. Eyerly. Hiram Appieuian. . , MAOIX Shepherd 3. Itunyan. ' MOVfOUll-iiimufl Luarui, Jacob Ernwiae, Hash Monser. ' MIFFLIN Benjamin Y"ohe. )KANUB A.Iaiu Hill. John Vanlie. 11 N; -Luther A Guriiiati. KOKlNHi-it t-EK-VVilfram Dr?ihic?i. UCOTT Alfred Crevelin, Joseph Lilly. Grand Jurors, for February Ttrrm lH'67. tLOOM Caleb Barton. Mathias Aapplcman. Chas. Jl. Doebler. BBAVER-Jonnthan Rredbender. BEVrOM Willitu L. Cole, Samuel Mcllenry Ja ecaWelliver. tNYNGHAM-Frederick tl. Wotfortb. FPAKLIN John iMowrv. Hii-a n J. R-ader. HEMLOCK William Fisher, Thomas J. Vaudcr tlie'. ' LOCUST Isaac F.rwlns. MA IN Charles Fish-r. John C. Gearbart. MADISON Joseph Correl, Jhn .M6uer. WT. PLEASANT Gabrifl Everett. MIFFLIN-Curistian Wolf. R,NGB Edward DeLons. PINE Claik Wbitmoyer, Elijah Fullmer, Thomas Mctiitde. SLOrr Charles 9. Fcwler. LUMBER ! LUMBER ! ! rBE BLOOM SKLTRG LUStoFHING COMPANY", 1 would respectfully iuforia the publii ttu they have the:v r PLANING MILL new ia operation with an extensive assortment oi and are w "prepared to supply all orders at short notieu and at the Jowest prices for rash. Their a tortment ol lumber consists of Thite Pine, Pjankf Bonrtls, Flooring, Snrl.icc Jarcls, ficlinsTf Clcmlock Plan!'. Innded or unplaned, to tnit purch-iei9 Fram,i 8tnfT. Joice and Scantling of all sizes. Their I'laniiiz Mill and Lsiulxt Yard is situate.! at the llailroul I'emH. very coavtnieully for sbippinc In nber by the earr. They are ci nriantly uianut'arturins; lumber of all kinds, and persons who ilrsi'e lumber of every He scriptinn will do well t ex inline their stock before purchasing e'sewherc. They are determined and em inently prefiareit to sell at cVeap as the clie ipi-st. Theytloilesireto inforui the public and especially those who wihti pnrciia biM-stuirtlit they hav oue Mill specialty prepared t cut limber of almost every size and length required. Thosc wisl.iii; to build or eon tract oi ft f builUtug, ran save uioo'y, by f ivinj us a lall Toe undersigned ' would alo anncunce llinl they re prepared to do all kiud ol icpairin; of Machinery. u.:h as Tliresht'12 Machines 61oer , Keapers and all knd of agricultural imuleineuts, UjiOJ reusoua. Me terms.. Address. F.C. EVER. Sec'y. Illooiujburi, Sept. 13, 1PC6. Hioom-burg I'a. Uoic Lost, Hqo Restored. Just Published, a new edition of Da. CITLVF.IIWELL'S Celebrated fc.ay on the rarf. ical cure (without meiliciue ;of r permit i.nlio-a. Sem inal Weakaecs. Involuntary irjail Loases. I in po tency, ftleiiutl and Phys eal Incapacity, luinedinients to larriaa, etc. ;alsu Consumption. Kpilpsy. aud Fits induced by self ludu'genc vr Sexual a-xlrava- fiCT Price. In a sealed envelope, only 9 cents. The CJtebrated author i:i this admirable essay clearly demonstrates, from a .thirty years' success ful prsetiee, thst the alarmiug consequences of self abuse may be radically cured without the dang et nas use of internal medicine er the application of the kn'fe pointins oat a mode of cure at once sim ple, certain, and effectual, by means of which ever uOsrer. no matter what his condition may Ik., ma cure himself cheaply, privately, and radically. T This Uctore shou'd bfl in the bauds of every youth and every man in the land. Cent, under seal, in a i.laiu envelope, to any ad dress post yaid. un receipt of fix cculs. or two post iamd. ..... Address tUo publishers. CHAS J.C.KLINE It CO. 127 nowcry. New York, Postoflice bt x, 456. Dec IS, . Wat. c. Master, oo. w- CAarsaTxa. . - Eitablished 1828. C. T7. CAUPESTI:B, I1EXSZK Y & CO. WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS'. 737 MmxT St. one door below Cth. FnutacLrat ' "PRCGS. MEDICINES. CHEMICALS. PAINTS OIL. GLAr-S, VABNISHKS, UYE, And every other article apperumtug to the business, of the best quality, aod at the lowest Market Kates. March S3, lgtiti. ' - ' n0 TO BEOWER'S TO BUY YOUR 3J THE DEMOCRAT AND STAR, PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY, IN BLOOMSBUBCr, PA., Hi JACOBY &. SHUMAN. TF.HlH?.-8-7 ra in aeWanre. Knot pn'd wilhin SIX MONTHS'. 5m re.-.t a.'dilioniil will h rharaed. Nopapor i!irniitiiiiied until all nrri-ar.ig-.s are paid except" et th rp ion of the editors. RATES OF ADVERTISING. IBS U'H rOWSTlTDTK A Ft)0kK. One square i-n nr 1 brer inrtin Everv piibseueiit iiierti left than 13 . i 50 50 It. stack.. . 1m. 3. Csi. One square. Two squares. Three Four squares. Half roliiniii. One eolu-mi. I 4 01 (!.0 I .M 10 o 1 4 to I ".in S.I 0" roo .in .1,1 I '.' 0 I I 4.0-1 nyo 14.01 ii.W) an oo Exernior? and" Administrator's Notice-.. f O'i Auditor's Ntice,. - (titer advertisements itsertod according to special contru -t. Itusiuess notices, without advertisement, twenty, certs per line. 4 -- v' rraiini::nt n lverlisemfnts paya'ile in adtnnce all other due llcr the firM insertion. C7 OfFICE-ln Shive's lilw-.k. Corner of Main and Iron lrvit. Address. J ACOP.Y Jl PntTM A V. llloonisbur;, C'olu nihil County, Ta A flea for the Little Ones. BY MRS. MARY PRATT. Let tliem play thoso nappy children In the tunshine jet them play ; . S-""'n enough will life's dart shadowj Linger long upon their way. Soon enough will frosts of Winter Nip the roses of to-day; Soon enouph fur happy moments They will wait, ana watch and pray. riant are placed where uptornr-d petals May receive thes day pod's kiv And our bright soul-bcnrtng b!o5om3 Need light in a warlJ lika this. . If, 'mid lore, and joy and snnsliino, Tliej' life's course begin to run, They may have less cause fr sorrow Toward the setting of" its sun. Cothe them warmly not knee breeches -Leariner all below to freeze ; Nor to make them "gcntesl" waisted s Their young forms in corsets squeeze. Natnrc is a finished sculptor ; T Give them up to her contro?, So that each may have a lody Fitted to enshrine a soul. IN AUGURAL Address of Governor John W. Geary. FELLOW-crnzr.xs : Honored by the se lection of the sovereign paoplu of my native State J3 their choice for Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is with mingled feeling of humility and grati tude that I Inre appeared in the presence of my fallow countrymen, and before the Searcher of all' Hearts, to take the solemn obligation prescribed as a qualification foT that exalted station, "rapport the.Constitu Voi of the United States and the Constitu tion of Pennsylvania, and to perform my official duties wtfh fidelity." Profoundly sensible of everything that is implied by this manifestation of the peo ples's confidence, a"d more deeply impress ed with the vast-importance and responsi bilities of the office, than elevated by its attendant honors, let it be our first pratefnl duty to return fervent thanksgivings to Al mighty God for his constant providence aud unnumbered blessings to us as a people, and especially mine to implore His aid nd counsel in the discharge of civil trusts, who has been my shield and buckler amidst scenes of peril and death. . In addressing you on this occasion, in ac cordance with a custom originating with the Republican father?, I proposa brirflr to ex press my opinion on irach question! as tci. cern our common constituency, and relate to our common responsibilities. Like countries of the Ola World, our na tion has had its infernal commotions. From the last of these we have scarcely yet emerg ed, and during which "War's desolation" passed over our land, leaving it blightning influences priacr pally upon thosi unfortunate States whose people rebelled agaiast the Government, and notwithstanding the ago nizing sacrifices of a great civil war, the States that maintained the Government and determined that the Union should be pre sarved, have constantly advanced in honor, wealth, population, and general prosperity. This is the first time a change has occur red in the Executive Department of this State since the commencement of the war of the. rebellion; a brief reference, therefore, to that conflict, and to its results, may not be inappropiate. We have the consolation of knowing that the contest between the North and the South was not, on our part, one for ambi tion, for military renown, for territorial ac quisition, nor was it for a vio!ation of any of the rights of the South, but it waj for the preservation of our own rights snd privi leges as men, and for the maintenance of justice, liberty, and the Union. The objec t of the South was avowedly the dissolution of the Union and the establishment of a con federacy based upon "the corner Etone of human slavery." To have submitted to this on our part, and have thrunk fiom a manly resistance under such circumstances, would have been deeply and lastingly de grading, and would have destroyed the val ue of the priceless legacy bequeathed to us by our fathers, and whieh we' are obligated to transmit unimpaired to future genera tions. ' The patriotic and Union-loving peo ple felt that the alternative Tas that of life or death to the Union ; and under the au spicious guidance of Abraham Lincoln, that virtuous and patriotic . Chief Magistrate, with the blessing of Ilim who directs the destinies f nations, after open action and arbitrary violence on the part of the South, the appeal to ami waM xnadt. We had a f.ro I 3 eo 3 oo a.oi 3,00 7 00 i.)0 I f "0 III. DO I l-'OO 15.00 l"0( just cause, and our citizens approving it with a degree of unanimity heretofore unknown, in this or any other conntry, left their va rious employments, their homes and all that was dear to them, and hastened with enthu siasm to the scenes where duty and danger called, and as the surest pledge of their un swerving love and fidelity to the Union, they unhesitatingly offered their lives for its pres ervation. Nor was any e ther tribute with held in providing the means necessary for the .support of our fleeia and armies. Near ly f.vo millions os soldiers entered the field fVoai time to time on different terms of en listment. The citizens generally exhibited the' highest degree of patriotism in the prompt payment of taxes, in their liberal contributions in the shape of loans to the Government; and tho world was astonished by the amount expended in their benevolent care for the sick and wounded, through the agencies of the Sanitary and Christian Com missions and other charitable association!.- More than six hundred sanguinary battles and skirni'uhes were fought, in which near ly three hundred thousand of our heroic de fenders laid down their lives in their devotion to the nation "for God and Liberty." In every phase of this "terrible conflict, Pennsylvania bore an honorable an J conspic uous part. She contributed three hundred and sirty-six thousand three hundred and twenty-six volunteer soldiers to the rescue of the nation ; and nearly every battle-field has been moistened with the blood, and whitened with the bones of her heroes. To them we owe our victories, unsurpassed in brilliancy and in the importance of their consequence-.'. To the der.d the thrice honored dead we. are deeply indebted, for without their services it is possible our cause might not have been successful. , It is. natural and eminently proper that we, as a people, should foel a deep and last ing interest in the present and future wel r. r 4t. t i: u i i j- laic ui IHU &UIUICI3 WU'J IlctVU i;uri;e bo uis- tinguished a part in the great content whieh has resulted in the maintenance of the life, honor, and prosperity of the nation. The high claims of the private soldiers upon the country arc universally acknowledged, and the generous sentiment prevails that the amplest care should bo taken by the Gov ernment to compensate them, equally and generously, with bounties and pensions, for their services and sacrifices. I desire that it may be distinctly under stood that I do not speak of nii'self, in con nection wilh this subject; but I am happy to avail myself of this opportunity to speak kind wordj of Pennsylvania's gallant pri vate soldiers, and the noble officers who commanded them. The generosity of the people of Pennsyl vania to the Union soldiers has been imitat ed, but not equaled, by other States. There is something peculiar in the loyalty of Penn sylvania. She seemed to feci, from the first, as if upon her devolved the setting of a superior example. The fact that she car ried upon her standard the brightest jewel of the Republic, that in her bosom was con ceived, andfrr):n her commercial capital was issued, the Declaration of Independence, gave to her contributions, in men and money, and her unparalleled charitable organiza tions, all the dignity and force of a model for others to copy. The rebel foe seemed to feel that if he could strike a. fatal blow at Pennsylvania, he would recover all his losses, and establish a resistless prestige in the oil world. Rat thanks to Divine Providence, and to the" enduring bravery of citizen sol diers, the invasion of onr beloved State seal .! hr more closeiy to ihe caue of free dom. The result of the battle of Gettysburg broke the power of. the rebellion, and al though the final issue was delayed, it wa inevitable from the date of that great event. That battle rescued all the other free States; and when the arch of victory was completed by Sherman's succesiful advance from the sea, so that the two conquerers conld f-hake hands over the two fields that closed the war, the soldiers of Pennsylvania were equal sharers in the glorious consumation. " No people in the world's history have ever been saved from so incalculable a calamity, and no people have ever had such cause for gratitude toward their defenders. And here I cannot refrain from an expres sion of regret that the General Government has not taken any steps to inflict the proper penalties of the Constitution and law3 upon the leaders of those who rudely and fero ciously invaded the ever sacred soil of our State. It is certainly a mo? bid cTcmency, and a censurable forbearance, which fail to penish the greatest crimes "known to the law3 of civilized nations," and may not'the hope be reasonably indulged that the Federal au thorities will cease to extend unmerited mercy to those who inaugurated the rebell ion and controlled the movements of its ar mies? If this be done, treason will be "rendered odious," and it will be distinctly proclaimed, on the pages of our future his torj'i that no attempt can be made with im punity to destroy our Republican form of government. And while we would remember "the sol dier who has borne the battle," we must not forget "his widow and his orphan children." Among our most solemn obligations , is the maintenance of .the indigent widows, and the support and education of the orphan children of those noble men who fell in de fence of the Union. To affirm that we owe a debt of gratitude to those who have been rendered homeless and fatherless by their parent's patriotic devotion to the country, is a truth to which all mankind will yield a ready assent; and though we cannot call the dead to life, it is a privilege, as well as a duty to taken the orphan by the hand, ad be to him a protector and a father. Legislative appropriations have honored tho living soldiers, and entombed the dead. .The people, at the ballot-box, have sought out the meritorious veterans, and the noble spectacle is now pietcnted of the youthful survivors of those who fell for their country cherished and educated at the public expense. Even if I were differently constitute!, my official duties would constrain me vigilantly to guard thissacre trn--t. But having serv ed in the same cause, and been honored hy the highest marks of pnMic favor. T pledge myself to bear in mind the injunction and wishes of the people, and if possible to in ercae the efficiency and multiply thcbeneSts of the schools nni institution?, already so ere litably established, for the benefit of the orphans of our martyred heroes. The infatuation of treason, the downfall of slavery, the vindication of .freedom, and the complete triumph of the government of the people, are all so many proofs of the "Divinity that has shaped our ends," and so many promises of a future crowned with success if we are only true to our mission. Six years ago the spectacle of four millions of slaves, increasing steadily both their own numbers and the pride and the material and political power of their masters, pre sented a problem so appalling, that states men contemplated it with undisguised alarm, and the monli.st with shame. To-day these four millions, no longer slaves, but freemen, have intermediately prove 1 their humanity towards their oppressors, their fidelity to society, and their loyalty to the Government, arc peacefully incorporated into tlu body po'Itie, and are rapidly preparing to assume their righti as citizens of the United States. Notwithstanding this unparalleled change was only effected after an awful expenditure of blood and treasure, its consummation may well be cited as the sublimest proof of thi fitness of the American people to ad minister the government according to the pledges of the Declaration of Independ ence. We have but to estimate where human slavery would have carried our country in the course of another generation, to realize the force of this commanding truth. And as we dwell upon the dangers we have es cape !, we may the better understand what Jefferson meant when, in the comparative infancy of human slavery, he exclaimed, "I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just!" A simple glance at what must have been our fate had slavery been permitted to in crease will be sufficient. In I860 the slave population amounted, in exact numbers, to three millions nine hundred and fifty-three thousand seven hundred and sixty. Taking, the increase, 23.49 per cent, from 1850 to 1S00, as the basis of calculation for every ten years, in 1900, they would have numbered at least upwards of nine millions. What Chris tian statesman as ho thanks God for the tri umph of the Union arms, docs not shudder at the terrible prospect presented by these startling figures? But while there is cause for constant soli citude in the natural irritations produced by such a conflict, hn is but a gloomy prophet who docs not anticipate that the agencies which accomplLshcd these tremendous re sult, will successfully cope with and put down all whoattdnnt to govern the nation in the interests of defeated ambition and vanquish ed tieason. The people of the conquering North and West have comparatively little to do but to complete the good work. Ilicy command the position. The courage of the soldier and the sagacity of the statcsmau, working har moniously, have now sealed and confirmed the victory, and nothing more is required but a faithful adherence to the doctrines which have achieved fcuch marvelous re sults. The overthrow of the rebellion has chan ged the whole system, of Southern sociefy, and proportionately affected other interests and sections. Demanding the enlighten ment Tif millions, long benighted, it forces upon the North and, West the consideration of a more perfect and pervading education al policy. Much as we have boasted and have reason to boast, of our common Schools, we can not deny, when we compare them with those of New England, and contrast them with the pre pcrat ions for the education of the Southern people of all classes, that wc have much to overcome if we would equal the one cr ftimulate the other. The recent conven of County School Superintendents of Penn sylvania exhibits soni? startling facts, which deserve the attention of the people and their representatives. Yet it is not by legislation alone that any people can be brought to un derstand their relations to each other as citi zens. Their bet instiuctors arc themselves. However liberal the appropriations may be, if they arc not seconded by that commend able spirit which impels the pr.rent to im press upon the child the necessity of a sound moral and intellectual training, your repre sentatives are generous in vain. Everything depends upon the people ; hence the great complaint preferred by the convention of teachers, of shortness of terms in some dis tricts of the small attendance of enrolled scholars, of the employment of our unqual ified instructors, and of the want of proper school houses, results unquestionably not so much from the indifference of the State, as from the negligence of those who are invi ted to share and enjoy the blessings of a cheap and admirab le system of popular education. If my fellow citizens will only recollect the difference between the opportu nities of the present generation and those of their fathers, and how much i$ 'to bgainedJLa'he neglect of this kind of instruction was by a cultivation of modern facilities, they, will require little exhortation to the discharge of duties which relate almost exclusively to themselves and to those nearest and dearest to them. The importance bf common schools, in a republican Government, can never he fully estimated. To cductac the people is the highest public duty. To permit them to re main in ignorar.ee i3 inexcusable. Every thing, there'ore, should be encouraged that tends to 1 uild up, strnegthen and elevate our State n the sure foundation of the edu cation of the people. Every intersst and industrial- puis-iit will be aided and promoted by its operations, every man who is educa ted is improved in usefulness, in propor tion as he is skilled in labor, cr intelli gent in the professions, and is in every re spect more valuable to society. Education seems to be essential to loyalty, for no State ia the full enjoyment of free schools, ever rebelled against the Government. Pennsylvania should be the vanguard in the great mission of education. She should remember that as she has been the mother of States, she should also be the teacher of States. "The great problem of civilization is how to bring the higher intelligence of the community, and its better moral feelings, to bear upon the masses of the people, so that thelowcct grades of intelligence and morals shall always be approaching the higher, and the higher still rising. A church purified of superstition solves part of thi.? problem, and a good school system does not rest" Nothing, after the education of the peo ple, contributes more to the security of a State than a thorough military system. ' The fathers of the Republic, acting upon the in stinct cf preparing for war in the time of peace, embodied this knowledge among the primary ol ligations of the citizen. Yet the rebellion f.mnd usalmost wholly unrr?parcd. Our confidence in our institutions was so firm that the idea of an attack upon them from any quarter, much less from those who had been the "spoiled children" of the gov ernment, was never believed possible, how ever threatened. The first clash of arms found u equally undeceived and unorganized and we very soon experienced that the con trivers of the great slave conspiracy had not only strengthened themselves by the stolen ships, arms and fortifications of the Govern ment, but had for years designed instructing their yo::th in the science of arms ; and when the bloody tempest opened upon us they were ready to sprinjr at the heart of the Re public, while the citizens, in whose hands the government was left, were compelled to protect themselves and their country, as best i thev could. I The Ffneral and essential principles of law and liberty, declared in the Constitu tion of Pennsylvania, shall be watchfully guarded. It will be my highest ambition to administer the government in the true spirit of that instrument. Care shall be taken "that the laws be faithfully executed," and the decisions of the courts respected and enforced, if within their authorized juris diction. Influenced only by the considera tions for the public welfare, it is my impera tive duty to see that justice he impartially administered. That merciful provision, the pardoning poirrr, conferred upon the Exe cutive doubtlessly for correcting only the er rors of criminal jurisprudence, and secur ing justice, shall not be perverted to the in discriminate protection of those who may be jnstly sentenced to bear penalties for in fractions of the !aT3 made for the seenrity and protection of society. Those "cruelly" r "oxee?sively"' punished, cr crroneous'y convicted, are alona entitled to its benefi cent prrtoetion. rn 1 only such should expect its exercise in th ir behalf. Whenever the people deem it expedient or necesaary, from actual experience, to al ter the law?, or to amend the Constitution, it is their undoubted right to do so, according to the mode prescribed within itself. I here repeat, what I have said elsewhere, that "so long as the people feel that the power to al ter or change the character of the govern ment abides in them, so long will they be impressed with a tense of security and of dignity which must ever spring from the consciousness that they hold within their own hands a remedy for every political evil a cor rective for every governmental abuse and usurpation." When wc reflect upon the terrible sacri fices we endured to maintain our liberties, and anticipate that glorious period of our countri' when the whole continent will be dedicated to human freedom, and when the despotisms of the earth will construe our example into a standing threat against their tyranny, we cannot disregard the considera tion of this important subject. As beforoi remarked, Pennsylvania con tributed over three hundred thousand troops to the national cause. Deducting the loss of nearly thirty thousand by wounds and dis ease incurred in the field, what an immense army has been left to circulate among and to educate the mass of our population! Pro perly comprehending this thought, we have at once the secret of cur past success, our present safety and our future power. It would be easy to create an emulation in the science of arms among the youth of the State, by proper organization, and to disem inate, in all our schools, that loyalty to the whole country, without which there can be no permanent safety to our liCertj. In their late report, the visitors to the West Point Military Academy laid a signifi cant stress upon the necessity of such pre ceptors, in the future, as would teach the students of that institution their first and unavoidable obligations to the principles upon which the Government itself reposes - . ' felt in almost every movement during the recent conflict ; and it is not going too far to say that many who disregarded their oaths, and who drew their swords against the Government that had educated and nourished them, found a meretricious conso lation in the fact that they were permitted to cherish an allegiance to the State in which they were born, which conflicted with and destroyed that love of country which should be made supreme and above all other polit ical obligations. If, in our past and recent experience, there has been cxhibted the valuable and splendid achievements of our volunteers in the national defence, there has also been shown the necessity for military skill, and that knowledge of, and familiarity with, the rules of discipline so essentially necessary in their prompt and effectual employment. In order, therefore, to make ous military sys tem effective, we rhouli have particular re gard for the lesson, that to prevent or repel danger, our State should always have a well disciplined force, prepared to act with promptness and vigor on pny emergency ; nor should we forget that it is impossible to tell how soon our warlike energies may again be required in the field. In nothing have our trials during the war and the resulting triumph to our anus, been so full of compensation, as in the establish ment of the proud fact that we are not only able to defend ourselves against assault, but what is equally important, to depend upon and lite xtpon our oicn resources. At the time the rebellion was precipitated upon us tho whole business and trade of the nation wr.s paralyzed. Corn in the West wa uci for fuel, and the producer was compelled to lose not only tho interest upon his capital, but the very capital he had invested. Ltbor was in excess, and men vrere everywhere searching for employment Mills and fur naces were abandoned. Domestic inter course was so trifling that the stocks of a number of the most important railroads in the country fell to, and long remained at, an average price of less than fifty per cent But the moment danger to the Union be came imminent, and the necessity of a self reliance was plainly presented as the only means of securing protection, and the grad ual dispersion of our mercantile marine by the apprehension of the armed vessels of the armed vessels of the rebels, the American people began to practice upon the maxims of self defense and self dependence. From having been, if not absolutely, impoverished and almost without remunerative enterprise, depressed by unemployed labor and idle cap ital, al! their great material agencies were brought into motion with a promptitude, and kept in operation with a rapidity and regularity which relieved them from want, their country from danger, and excited the amazement of civilized nations. Protection to the manufactures of the countoy, when rightly viewed, is merely the defence of labor against competition from abroad. The wages of labor in the United States is higher than those of any other country, consequently our laborers are the more elevated. Labor is the foundation of both individual and national wealth ; and those nations that have best protected it from foreign competition have been the most prosperous. It is clearly, therefore, the in terest of the nation to faster aud protect do mestic industry by relieving from internal taxation every sort of labor, and imposing such heavy duties upou ail importations of foreign manufactured articles, as to prevent the possibility of competition from abroad. Not only should individual enterprise and industry be thu3 encouraged, but all public works, a liberal and properly restricted gen era! railroad system, and internal improve ments of every kind, receive the fostering care and most liberal aid of the Govern ment. e are rich in everything necessary to meet our wants, and render us indepen dent cf every other country, and we have only to avail ourselves of our own resources and capabilities, to progress continually on ward to a degree of greatness never yet at tained by any nation. Our agricultural, mineral and manufacturing resources arc uncqnalcd, and it should le our constant study to devise and prosecute means tending to their highest development Why, then, should not the wisdom of Government make available the teachings of experience, and at or.ee legislate for the manifest good of the people? Why per mit our manufactures to beg that they may live? The Government of Great Britain has, by her protective system, "piled duty upon duty," for more than one hundred and fifty yenrs, and hence upon protection is founded her manufacturing supremacy. Yet her emissaries come to this country, and for sin ister purpores, extol "free trade," speak scofiingly of "protection," and endeavor to persuade our people to believe and adopt the absurd thecry, that "taring hinder the development of industry and the growth of wealth." The great Republican party, in the Con vention which nominated Abraham Lincoln, in Chicago, in 18C0, as if preparing for the very war which most of our statesmen were at that period anxious to postpone, adopted a resolution, "which," to use the language of an eminent Pennsylvanian, "declared that the produce of the farm should no longer be compelled to remain inert and losing inier cst while waiting demand in distant marke s ; that the capital which daily took the form of labor power should no longer be allowed to go to waste ; that the fuel which under lies our soil should no longer-there remain to he a mere support for foreign rails ; tint the power which lay then petrified in the form of coal should everywhere be brought to aid the human arm ; that our vast deposits of iron ore should be made to take the form of engines and other machinery, to be used as substitutes to mere muscular force ; and that all our wonderful resources, material and moral, must and should be at once developed. Such was the intent and meaning of the brief resolution then and there adopted, to be at the earliest practicable moment rati fied by Congress, as proved to be the cass when the Morrill tariff, on the memorable 2d of March, 18C1, was made the law of the land. To that law, aided as it was by the admirable action of the Treasury in sup plying the machinery of circulation, w stand now indebted for the fact that we have, in the short space of five years, pro duced more food, built more houses and mills, opened more mines, constructed more roads than ever before, and so .greatly added to the wealth of the country, that the prop erty of the loyal States would this day ex change for twice the quantity of gold than could five years since have been obtained for all the real and personal property, Southern chattels excepted, of the whole of the States and territories of which the Union stands composed." If the principle of protection proved to ba such a talisman in the time of -war, shall we reject it in tlinc of peace? If an answer were needed to this question, reference could be had to the repealed concessions to this principle by the recent free-traderj of the South. Scarcely one of the ambi tious men who led their unfortunate people into rebellion but uw freely admits that if the South had manufactured their own fab rics, on their own plantations, and cultivated 6'i!lcd labor in their great cities, they would have been able to prolong their conflict with the Government ; and now to enjoy substan tial, instead of artificial prosperity, they must invoke the very agencies they had so long and so fatally disregarded. Words . need not be multiplied upon this important theme, either to make my own position! stronger, or to impress upon the people the value of adhering to a tystem which has proved itself worthy of our continued sup port, and of the imitation of its former op ponents. The exhibit of the finances of the Com. monwealth, as presented in the late annnal message of my predecessor, and the report of the Stato Treasurer, is certainly very grat ifying ; and the flattering prospect of the speedy extinguishment of the debt which has been hanging, for so many years, like a. dark cloud over the prospects of our State, ombioed with the hope that a reasonable reduction will be made in our habitual an nual expenditures, will cheer the people on ward in the pathway of dutv. Among the most delicate and iranortan? obligations required of those in official posi tions, is a strict and faithful management of the public revenues and expenditures of the Commonwealth. Taxation should be ap plied where its burdens may be least felt, and where it is most just that it should bo borne. Every resource should be carefully husbanded, and the strictest economy prac tised, so that the credit of the State fhall bo maintained on a firm and enduring basis, and the debt surely nnd steadily diminished, until its final extinguishment Unnecessary delay in this would, in my opinion, be in compatible with our true interest1?. That these expectations are capable of speedy and certain consummation, has al ready been demonstrated. The public im provements, the cause of our heavy debt, which seemed to le an incubus upon the prosperity of the State, 6o long as they were managed by her agents, have been sold; the tax on real estate has been abol ished, and considerable reductions have al ready been made on the State debt. This important branch of the administra tion shall receive my constant and zealous attention. We arc confessedly in a transition 6tate. It is marvelous how prejudice has perished in ths furnace of war, and now, from the very aches of old hatreds and old parties, the truth rises purified and triumphant The con'est between theExecutiveand a Con gress twice elected by substaptially the same suffrages, a contest so anomalous in our ex perience as not to have been anticipated by the framer? of the National Constitrt i n has only served to develop the remarkable energies of our people, and to strengthen thcra for future conflicts. That contest is virtually decided. The victorious forces, physical and moral, of the patriotic millions, are simply pausing before they perfect th work of reconstruc tion. Twenty-six states have not only been saved from the conflagration of war, but have been crystaiized in the saving. The unrcstored ten, still disaffected and still defi ant, seem to be providentially delaying their return to the Union, so that when they re enter upon its obligations and its blessings they will be the better able to fulfill the one and enjoy the other. Their condition is a fearful warning to men and nations, and especially to ourselves. Until slavery fell we did not fully under stand the value of Republican institutions. Accustomed to tolerate, and in many cases to defend slavery, we did not feel that its close proximity, so far from assisting, was grad ually destroying our liberties: and it was only when rebellion tore away the mask, that we saw the hideous features of the monster that wa3 eating out the vitals of the Repub lic If we are now astonished and shocked at the exhibition of cruelty aod ingratitude among three who, having inaugurated and prosecuted a careless war against a gener- y i 1 '.itA ous government, ana caving un ptsruuvw -4 I
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