. From the riiilnl Led , I,TH PIMt TIIK AKNI'l k Pv the Southern Mail we have . the announce tvent of the arrival of thp steamship New Yoik if Xew OrteanS. l aving left pruzol Santiago on h", S'h inst." Accounts from Carmargo to the Mh stale (hat the JTcxnn Rangers were to mm t hi that day for Meir on a fronting expedition, v nil order to take possession ami hold it if pot- '''' : ", " ' The Mounted Rangers wcto ordered tf proceed i Linares and Monterey, and seize Omse places mUyi ' J ;nrn1 T;iy1or passed upl he river 1o r,eyrtoa on thf Mh, anil would probably arrive at Car iurn in lour days.' The drajnons Were i ramp at M,)trtKvrjn o ( i flewcml Taylor was accompanied by one balf .Mhe Texin regiment of Infantry and a few i'irlir. ' A iirmitb had taken place near CaTmargn, j lot ween nit hundred Camanche Indians and vent y -five or eighty rangers, hi which the In nans bst 20 and the Rangers t. The laltevcap tred 150 boric from the Indians. Tliere ia supposed to be about 4,JK0 Mexican troops in rtie vicinity of Moi.terey. Tbe army were to tomments moving towards t'atmari'o on the I0lh,bnt the whole would not I.' put i motion until Mi S5tk. . . The nvrr was still rising. ... . The health of the army was pood, but ihe sicV ness among tbe volnnteers was increasing. Capt. Walker was lying dageronsly ill at Mat mioras The volunteers will soon follow General Tay lor The enemy has been occupying , Monterey with hi small force. It is supposed ibey have m nlo arrangements to assemble in Urge force when the army gets within a striking distance. F.leven steamboats have ascended the Rio Giande to Carmargo, with troops and army sup plier No news has been received from Mexico. hater from lit arm jr. Drpitrliirc of Gen. Taylr.r from Matamoron A Honk Order, prohibiting Spiritoue hi fiittr from entering Malomorat A Pkila dtlphian Killed. Krnm the Matamoras Flag of theGth inst ) pnrhirt of Central Tayhr. Yesterday morning early, 'Old Rough and Ready left Mata moias for Carmargo in the steamboat Whiteville, accompanied, we believe, by about one half of the Texan regiment of infantry and a few regu 'rti. There was no announcement of his de parture, no firing of guns, nothing to indicate hnt so conspicuous a personage as the command er of the American forces was about to leave a place be hnd taken, to assume the individual di rection of his forces at another point. He left whilst half the city was wrapped in slumber, and ere the sluggard had quitted his couch, was many miles upon his journey. This is charac teristic of the brave old veteran, for he would rather face the enemy, double in numbers, than hear the booming of the cannon and the shouts il men paying honiago to his well-deserved fame. If we understand Gen. Taylor rightly, he is a man who would travel twenty miles out,of the ray rather than encounter a host of friends and admires wbo had assembled to honor bim by a public demonstration. Murder. Yesterday morning, about 1 o'clock, Jack ITayne was instantly killed, by a man named MrCanan, a ranger belonging to Tom (Jrecne's company, from Lafayette, Texas Mr. Ilaynes had left the theatre but a short time, :md was in a coffee-house hard by, when he was ailed nut by some on,e a word or two passed, a blow followed, and the murderous knife was (riven deep into the jugular vein of the unfor tunate victim, depriving him of life in two or three minutes. McCanan immediately left the town, but we learn has surrendered himself to the captain of his comany. We did not hear whether any difficulty previonsly existed be tween them. The remains of Jack Haynes were followed to the grave yesterday by a large concourse of I'i ien.ls. Hit was a man universally popular, and his death creates a blank in the circle of his 1 1 inula, which will be difficult to fill. Mr. Ilaynes was a native of Philadelphia,' where he hu highly respectable connexions. He resided .several years in Texas. On the 30th ult , at Parita, a member of Capt. Mcintosh's company of Louisiana volunteers, named Wm. Overton, stabbed another of the ! company, named King, who died immediately. tverton made his escape. The cause of these disorders and arts of v to ll nee was intoxicating liquors, and Gen. Taylor has taken prompt measures to prevent a repeti tion of them by issuing the following order, which has produced some excitement in camp: No spiritons liquors will be permitted to en ter the river or lb city of Matamoras for the put Hises of barter or IralEc on ihe account of any person whatever, whether sutler in the army oi private dealers. Any liquors found iu viola tion of this order will be confiscated and sent to the Quartermaster in New Orleans lobe sold one half of the proceeds for Ibe benefit of the in I. i mailt, the other half to be applied to the sup port of the Hospital Department. The merchants at Matamoras will be permit ted to vend the liq'tors Ihey may actually bave on hanJ, but to receive no new supplies. The Chief Magistrate of the city of Matamo i.ii and all other municipal officers will, nnder his direction, enforce the above orders upon the Mexican residents and traders of Matamoras and will iasne notice accordingly.' The Amercan iiddcii and residents will conform to these or ders and make their arrangements accordingly. Mlcr Tkn wllhaast Opposition. Tho New Orleans Picayune publishes teve ral letters froru II r. Kendall, one of iti editor, lucU attiioum vi tint tlio lowo ol Mier wu li.U'itd by Cupl- Viniuu'e lOinaikoJ, iu the iil.t ult. wi'bcut I'pi'uaitiuo. TUeiuUuUUaUtLiuu - inj to the Pin 7i in rrmvd M the troop? filed in to it ami tt irl.cd their ttrms in fmnt 61 Ihc' nl- r ihle t Mipf i by t'r the iniWt pleftMtit, cleanly Hnd well r. iiiUted place we ba'vo yet eeen in this part Mexico. It i built on a lull overlook ing a fler.r tnniiintr stream rf tltfi Hiinic nntnr, thru1 tii il f "rum the Kin (Iminle, and H paid to contain C0(l0 iiihuhitnntA allhotiiili I do tint know w lay re they etow thmn all. Von may well re rollerl lliil it wi4 iti this pUco thit tins Texan under Cnl. I'iher wern roiiipi-Urd to 6irrciidt'r, llrr they liad killed Kvico lin-ir number o' Mi xienim. The? hwnes rwettpird hy tin Tex nns during the Imttlo were pnitited out, find t-till hoar the marks of the defperatt; conflict. To rliow the impudence of the Camanrhe and the front rontempt in which they hold their Mexican enemies, I will rclatu one little incident- one fiirce, if t moy so call it, of their pro duction. .The day before the Americans took posseysim of the place this I was fold by one who saw the whole proceeding a small party of Camanches appeared on the opposite bank of the river, and within three hundred yards of the town. One of the Indians had not a rag upon him nave a green Mexican uniform coat, faced with red and trimmed with yellow, and was armed with nothing save a Mexican bugle or trumpet This he held to his mouth and sound ed to the foil strength ol his lungs. Up and down lhiriver bank he blew and blasted away npon this instrument, "regardless of tune, but anxious to make all the noise he could in thai part of the world situated immediately opposite Mier. The try of A lnlio" was raised, he women and children scampered, while the men rode furiously up and down the streets out of reach of balls and arrows, and signed papers and swore that they would do great things, besides dying in defence of the town. It ia .said they completely broke down their horses in parading and tiavhing about, and were not ready to start after the Indians until they saw and knew that the Indians had their fun out and were complete ly out of reach. . , There is no mistake that a large force of Ca manches is on this side the Kio Grande, com mitting pepredations and mnrdering the in habitant with impunity.' Parties of them have appeared at Guerrero, a city some thirty miles above Mier, have stolen a great many horses and mules, and have killrd several of the princi pal citizens, among them one of the town coun cil. The authorities of the place have sent in their submission to the officer in command of the United States troops here, and would doubt less be delighted to see an American force in the Plaza. You may ask, why do not tbe Mexicans turn out in force outnumbering, as they do Ibe Indians, ten to one give them a sound drubbing, and drive them out of the country ? It ia because. they are too lazy in the first place, and too tim id in the second. So far as I can see, the men here spend one third, of the day in sleeping, one third in bathing, and the other third in doing nothing not a very profitable employment of time they would say away "Down East." G. W. K. Lisraa raosi t Armt. Lieut.. Lee, of the 8th Infantry, who arrived at Charleston on Fri day afternoon, direct from the Army, atates that Gen. Worth, witb his brigade, was on his way to a town called China, ixty miles beyond Car margo. This town is an important depot, it being a military post of the enemy. There is no doubt that long before this it is in the possession of the American forces. All of the regular troops, with the exception of Captain May's dragoons and Ridgely's batta lion, numbering from three to four thousand men were at Carmargo. General Taylor has arrived at Carmargo, and it is supposed that he will proceed to Montery with about six thousand men, and Ihe general impression is that tbe enemy will attack bim at the defile between Monterey and Saltillo. The Charleston papers say : 'Ve have been requested to state that there has been no meet ing between the Camanche and the Texan rangers, as given in the Matamoras wper of Ihe 8th inst." Impoxtast Mot k or Tmmim. The follow ing is an extract of letter dated M at amors e, August 6, received by a gentleman in New Or leans : "Hays' regiment cannot leave here for two or three days. This cxodit ion is more than an ordinary ranging party. They ant being rqitip- pjd with tents soineihinsf iintiKiial ; all Ihu horses have to hnnhod.snd a paymaster. I learn, (joos alonp . All the prominent men wlw are here from the United Slates or Texan, accompa ny it. liiiok out for squalls; Jo not be eurpri priaed (if the water don't prevent) if you bear of them having ioeseiwioii of Tamptoo, and of the mass of the) volunteers Using shipped that way, and marched from that point through ibo country. Gkn. Arista's Cord M ill They bave at Cincinnati a machine lor grinding corn wuicb vwwta itrougiu in that city irmn Mexico. H w nothing morn than atone, hoiiio 10 incht s long by IV! inches wide, with three leg worked out of thu original slab, leaving thu bright of the inill-atnue some 8 inches. Th top i flat, and the appearance ia uA unlike a rude three le;- ged ilovL The manner vi grinding corn on it ia by the process of pounding witb "another atone. One Irg ia shorter than the other two, allowing the curu-niual, uil u omde fine, to fall off into a vessel. - , i .... i . i It it said that the large nnw of solid copper, discovered by the Copper Falls Company uear take Superior, lime far disclosed, is ten feet in It'Ugth, by nine indt pUi, and tnu in I hit km o or tiiity five cubic fectof pure copper, uuih ! ig tvCu' -t.it iu0uuJ uv UubditU aiiuu! - ' ;' ' aiiliijff ' TXItt APtlsRICAN. fi,iturtttttt .fiiimf 2'J, IS40. i. ri. r.tt.-nntt, r., f hi ttri Iif mm tint I fur.rr, eitrnrr oflt imtt f'ftntnwf Vfrccfd, I'hlttttrtfthto, 1i aiithoHtrtt to net n Agent, nrtt rrrrlpl tor all mnnlcn line thli nfttrrt for tmhnrriitlnn or OilrrrHnliif. , lho. at lil OfTIrr ,Vtt. I1 mXa Virrrl, .Mm .nrl S. Corner at ItnUtmort and Catrrrt tt , nolllmor. (T We owe our reader an apolopy for taking np o much spare in onr discussion with the Ga zette, in refuting the absurd idea, that onr wheat could be introduced into England cheaper than wheat from Iho Tlaltic. We hardly supposed that there could be any doubt on the subject among intelligent pei sons, and therefore, in onr former reply, to cut the matter short, referred to Lord Asbbnrton's statement in February last, and what is well known to all, ronversant on this subject, that nine-tenths of the wheat imported into England comes from the Paltic and European potts. The Gazette, to get ont of this difficulty, argued that Lord Ashburton referred to the im ports at that moment. This is not true, and we hardly need say that Lord Ashburton would not make himself so ridiculous as to base his argu ments on tbe foreign grain trade on the imports of a single month or year, as the Gazette has done. Tbe facts stated in our reply this week, must appear conclusive to every sane mind. K7" CA!it.CosiMtssioMRR.--Tbe time is now approaching when we shall be called upon to vote for a man to fill this office. It is not, and ought r.ot properly be considered an office of a political character, more than a supervisor of roads. The legislature, a few years since, pas sed a law to elect a Canal Commissioner every year, believing that the old mode of keeping men in office, where so mnch responsibility and pow er rested,' tended greatly to fraud and corrup tion. The spirit and intention of the law was that one new man should be elected every year, similar to the mode of electing county commts sioners. Tut Mr Foster wishes to bleak down this law, by forcing himself upon the people through a nomination porcured by the control of the Canal Roard. There is another serious objection to Mr. Foster. He is a free trade man, and bis election would be hailed as a tri umph of free trade. . If tbe tariff men of Penn sylvania wish to bave the tariff amended so as to protect onr iron and coal, they must show their determination not to submit to the wrongs impo sed on them, by some public demonstration; and they never can have a better opportunity than by opposing tbe free trade Canal Commissioner. Let onr farmers who depend on the coal and iron trade for a profitable market, remember these things. It is well enough for officers, like Mr Foster, who live off Ihe public, ami have sala. ries, to support free trade, as they have nothing to loose, but every thing to gain, by getting pro visions, Kt. cheaper, at the expense of the far mer and mechanic. Let it also be remembered, that Mr. Foster, through his Carelessness and want of judgment, suffered the Clark's Ferry Hridge to be destroyed by fire. This bridge cost the state ninety thou nd dollars. Rut two of the spans nut often or eleven were carried away by the freshet. The bridge rould have been made passable, and re paired for a few Ihonnnnd dollars, but for the shameless neglect and mismanagement of Mr Foster. Let the new law be canied into effect by electing a nop man, and the people will aave thousands of dollars. fCT It will be seen that Lieut. Arthur T. Lee, of the 8th regiment, arrived at Charleston a few- days since, bringing later intelligence from the Army on the Rio Giande. Lieut. Lee is the eld. est son of Capt. Jas. Lee, of Northumberland He ia a young gentleman of varied talents, and a fine officer. Edward II. Cahly, Esqr., of Danville, we sec is recommended as a candidate to represent Columbia County in the next Legislature. As the art removing tho seat of justice fiom Dan ville to Rloomsburg is passed, it would be both just and magnanimous in the upper end to con reon me niemner to lianvitte, ana thus Deal up all loral divisions. Mr. Pa !dy would make an excellent member, and enjoys the confidence of tbe party.' 077 G"-Taxior his issued orders at Mats moras, prohibiting the sale of spiritous liquors to Ihe army, in consequence of Ibe frequent affrays and muiders committed through iutoxication Gen. Taylor is himself a strictly temperate man in all his habits. Gen-. Rrady, while bete ou a visit a few days since, on Lis return from Ihe Court of Inquiry in Virginia, iq the cane of Gen Gainrs, informed us that old "Rough and Ready was a man of a fine constitution, and enjoyed excellent health that he neier took anything stronger than water, and that be rould live oh anything, and a I mot t nothing; and but seldom if ever, touched fresh meals. C!7 LswtMowa Hank. The notes of this Rank are at a discount of froru 10 to 15 per cent in Philadelphia. committee from tbe Rank was in Philadelphia, a few days liuce, eudtavor ing to make the note par. The tircuUtiuu i very Uige. CGen. Gaiaes. 'J lie Court of Inquiry bav t'ctivii'led him of Ihe charges alleged aguiiiAt loin '1 he Pujidcut, however, itdtui uo luithci iio -ct4iri. Tlir Cimltr-llir Tariff, nml Hir.Fnrci.-ii. V Grnlii Tniilr, ' P!7 In out paper of the' 15th inst we made n iort and hasty reply to the long and labored nr mnents of the Sunbnry f'nrette, in which it ninly endeavored to prove the fart that wheat roin the I'iiltie Coulil not be imported in Great P-iit:iin cheaper tlmtt from thm roimtrv, and ;it err.pteil to tdinw by tiihb of pi iccF, thai heat nl SI in New Yoi keohhl he delivered in l'ncland heaper than the wheuti fiom the Unit if. The bsurdity of this prnmsition was to self evident, that we hardly deemed an answer nrreary. It is well known that there is but little if any lt er . w heat in the wot Id than ours, nnd if it can p sent to r.nclamt cheaper, ur ns cheap at the wheat from the polls ol thoj'altic nnd I! hick Sea, why is it that Europe has herctoloie, as is shown y an atticle in another column, imported nlnmM 00 bnihels from these ports to where she has tn. ken one bushel from n? And how will Ihe re- peal of Ihe English corn laws mend the matter Her ports are not opened to our w heat alone, but grain from all countries is admitted on equal terms; and if Paltic and other wheat could then command the English market, in preference to our own, why can it not do so now? Are not these facts (for thry are facts that no one can contradict) sufficient to prove the fallacy and ab surdity of the statements of the Gazette 1 But as the writer of the article in the Gazette counts arge'y upon his array of figures, we shall furnish, in reply, some facta as well as figures, from authentic records, that will at once show the fal- acyofhis statements. Thequibbling of the Ga zette about our exports to Europe, instead of all foreign ports, an error that did not affect the main question, shows the difficulty of its position. while we were not a little amused at its innocent simplicity, in its attempt to teach us lessons in geography. We have already shown that the fact, that we did not supply Great Britain with more than one out of every twenty bushels of wheat she impor ted,-was of itself conclusive evidence that he rould get it cheaper from other sources. Rut let us, in addition, compare the average price of wheat, for a number of years, in the principal marts of trade on the continent of Europe, with those of our own seaports, during the same pe riod. This we can do by reference to the fol lowing table, furnished hy a correspondent of the rhiladflpbia Chronicle, prepared from "Parlia mentary Reports," showing the prices of wheat per bushel at the different markets of the wheat trade on the continent, from 1S.10 to IS 13, inclu sive: Panfzic. Ilam'g. Ams'dam. Antw. Odessa. Ifi.10 SI 07 93 1 13 ir, r.S 1831 1 18 1 19 1 11 1 07 71 1833 03 00 1 10 00 til 1833 83 70 89 C' CI 1831 70 CO 0(1 .'.0 77 183.1 CO C.T . 78 - C8 ,'7 1830 70 70 70 70 53 1837 73 76 81 09 .'.0 I83S 9 70 1 CO 1 4S C.T 1839 90 1 1.5 I S3 1 37 79 1810 1 07 1 30 111 1 IS 71 1811 1 23 t9 1 09 1 45 71 1812 1 10 1 II 1 II fir CO 1843 70 62 -58 . 70 ' 4S Average, 91 00 J9 PS CI Here we have the prices of wheat at five ereat marts of the wheat trade, for fourteen years, showing a general average of 88 cts. per bushel We do not, as the Gazette has done, confine our selves to one year, and that a year of acarcity in Europe, in order to show the average value ol wheat in these markets. The prices at our own sea ports, during the same period, run as follows: In 1830 (1 13 1 18 1 1.1 1 13 1 t'8 1 19 1 41 In 1837 1839 isao lvl0 1811 1812 1SI3 $1 83 1831 1832 1833 1831 183.1 1830 1 1 12 1 10 1 03 1 10 1 00 The general average of the foregoing prices is f 25, being 37 cents more than the average per bushel at the aforementioned ports in Europe. Now this table clearly demonstrates the fact that in the first cost of grain, we cannot compete with the wheat growers of the countries above named; and our disadratages will appear still greater, if we compare the relativedistances from London to . the different wheat markets above named. For instance, Pontzic, which supplies the best and greatest portion of foreign wheat, is 1500 miles from London, Hamburg 500, Amsler dam 400, Antwerp 300, Odessa 3800, while New York is 3G00, Philadelphia 3800 and Ealtimore 4000. The freight per bushel te England, ac cotding to the list of prices published by the Gazette, is as follows : From Dantzic 12 cts.. from Hamburg 12 cts., from Antwerp 7 cts., from Odessa 30 cts., and from New York 22 cts., which is too low. Here then we have facts and figures, showing that, for the space of 1 1 years, wheat in Northern Europe'and the Black Sea lias been selling on an average, 37 cts. per bushel less than wheat in the United States, while the difference in freight has been from 10 to 13 cts. against us, making dif ference of 47 cts. per bushel against American wheat. :, Put we bave further authorities, if any were necessary, McCullough, ia his commercial Die tionary, (vol. I, page filO,) a work of tbe very highest authority in this country and Europe after giving a history of the grain trade of the whole commercial world, enters into a minute calculation of tbe cost of delivering a cargo of wheat from Dantric to London, and makes Ihe ,cost at Londou 41s. 4d. per quarter, of 8 bushels, or $1 33 per bushel, and the cost of a cargo from tbe United States from 59, to 52s. per quarter or from (I 50 to (1 50 per bohel, a difference of 17 to 83 cents, per bushel in favor of tbe foreign article. . , Speaking of the American corn trade, he says (vol. 1, page 515 .) 'The price of wheat al Now York and 1'lnl adelphia uiay bo taken, on an attiagc, al liuin 37 to HI finding pvr quarter, and tlio co of importing' a quarter ol w heat frmu Ihe U Sulc ini'J England amount In I1001 Ills, to lie. ).tl tjUi.HU, U ki t.a llul 110 k'vUdldiUblt; "."Bp!v Could ho obtained from thnt ooirter. were even prirce Under fiCa. to ,W 1 Itnucht ftleo tn bo remarked, tint tlr pricr in Amrficn orr Vfiinlhf Ughir limn in the liiitlic, so thnt hut little can tie bronchi Irotn the dinner, i-xeept when thp demand i FiifTic i nt previously, to lake oil" the. rhvnprr vhrvtn vf the jVirZift ii ior.v." Put it i iitIcs to multiply facts, t i refute a propiitiou that tm 1 ,. pf( table e.l.lor of common intelligence, ever thought of mantainlnt?, or ever will attempt to mautain. Notwithstanding the repeal of Ihe Corn Laws, each arrival brings news f a fuither decline in the price of grain. If hen, we aro to impoit largely under McKay's bill, and thus break down our own mannfae- ures, w hat will become, of those thrown out of mplnyment? Will not many of them turn their ttentien to agriculture nnd become producers nstead of consumers, and thus destroy the home mnrkct, the only good and permanent market hat our farmers ever had for their products? We have entered more fully into the above than we had intended, in order to put a quittu on the vain delusions of the Gazette, and to show the editor that we had no Idea of retracting our opinions, although the main issue was McKay's free trade bill, which he then strongly squinted at, but which in his last paper he has adopted flat footed, with all its imperfections. We con gratulate the editor upon the eafo delivery of his long pent up opinions on this subject, and trust that he has not suffered severely, mentally or corporeally by this extraordinary parturition. He may now exclaim, in the lines of the poet, slightly altered: "No pent op tariff tiewi contracts onr powers, Rut McKuy'i boundless fret trade bill is ours." We find no fault with the Gazctta in coming out in favor of McKay's Rritish bill, which it had a right to do, but we do protest against this skulk king behind the bush of professing one thing and advocating another. VOT Tux Fonxtii Graix trade. Tho follow. in is aa interesting and useful extract fiom Mr Hudson's speech in Congress, on the subject of our foreign grain trade : , , 'I a in confident, Mr, Chairman, that llieroid a prcst misapprehension onthi etthj-ct oftrnde, Some gentlemen seem to take it fur granted that Great Britain is tho principal, and t.Jinost the only market for onr bteadslulT. Hut noth ing can be more fblse." He staled further, on rf!icinl authority that the total average of the export of wheat for the Inst fourteen years, is f rrfKi.OOO bmdiol, nnd that the average cxj.ort to Gn at 1'ritnin is only 014,0110, being about onc-sixlh ol the whole. Our trade with Great Britain in this articlo is much overrated. Fur the last fourteen years we have sent to England only eight per cent, more than to Brazil ; and for the I a ft three, Brazil ha taken sixty per cent, more than Eng land. Our trade with Canada for a ntimlier of years pact, has been greater thnn with England itnelf. For the laet seven years we have sent into the British North American colonies 12, 5rG,iX 10 bushels, and to England, at tlio Mine time, 7.764 Of X) bushels ; showing a greater de mand in Canada than in England by sixty-two percent. lie gives further tahlet, and rl.own that for the Inst 13 years the average import of wheat into Great Britain has been Kl.lXil KX) luh cla. Her demand hss been exceedingly vari able, ranging from toJ3,017.KKI bush cl. Nor ia this all. In ISM, she actually expor ted a large amount to this and other countries. In price, too, there has been a great fluctuation. In 115, the average price of wheat in Great Britain was $107, and in 1SW, 1 92 per bush el. But not to rely upon ainglo yearn: In 1329, 'UO, and '211, she imported, on an average, I'i, 42,700 bushels; in lettl, "A and "M, an aver age of only 32!) 000 ; and in 1810, '41 nnd '42. an average of 21,431,000. From this view ol the subject, it will be seen thit but little de pendence can he placed upon that market. At one time she requires a considerable supp'y of foreign grain; at another she raise m re than fche consumes. In IS'M, '37, and "W, she sup plied us with anavctage of 445,403 bushels a year direct; and wo obtain ! i.early half ai much more from her Canadian possession. The do lus nd of Ihe English market ia not only fluctu ating, but, aa a general truth, we may say that her supply at home is gaining upon her demand rather than othcrwiae. In 1S29, '30, and 31, with a population ol about 23,000,000, she con sumed, as we have already reen, an average of 12 42.700 bushels; and in 1&43, with a pnpula linn of about 27.000.000, she comsumcd 7.010,. 300 buehrls of foreign wheat. We give another passage from the carefully prepared remarka of Mr. Hudson. . Tookc, an experienced Ei.gliah writer, in forms us that, from 1&32 to 1838, the crops in Great Bri'ain and Ireland were so abundant that wheal was fed out to cattle, sheen, and swine, and even used for diet illation. Tbit in duced Ihe farmer to sow leas; and, for several succeeding year, the winters were unfavorable for the crop, and the scseon of harvest was to unpropiiious as to increase the demand for for eign grain. Every man acquainted witb English agriculture knows that gnat improvement are constantly taking place in her mode of cultiva tion. Boy a and swamp are being reclaimed, barren hill-nklo ate being converted into fruit ful fields, and her waato place are being wade to blossom like the roe. Sli lias ali adop ted an improved mode of seed ing. Until quite receully, the wheal growers were iu the habit ot sowing about three bushels of grain to Iho acre. But Drummond, a late Eugludi writer, say that, by the introduction of a new machine for bpw ing wheat, which distribute, the grain equally over the whole surface ol the ground, ibvy liave louuj tht a l quantity ol .td will uit equally well; ud thai this impiuvu- roent alono wil iavr to th UpjlnV Kinedow five or pix mil lion of hii'hU, ind tints ftipply at lrft onr-third i( lirr; deficiency. Under these rireitiTiMtntires, it is nut prohahh that her (leinnnd lir foreign prnin will nmlcri.itly in rrense. Mer own pnpply will inereaco with lirr demand. The? moans ol Iho maw of her people! sre limitrd; nod wo rinnot rxpi'et that, under nny rirciitiu tnnooR, hIio will lake a quantity of foreiija irrisiri much, if any, larger titan she docs at present. Hut pttppoo that her rlomand incronsrp, where will Khu obtain her supply I Where has she ob tained it in year past? In 18IJ, ami 1an, when fIio inodf her Inrorest importation1, avcrain7 IV-W.IK H) lntslieln, or about Rl.iKKi.. (W) for three years, her supply was obtained IroTi the following nations in the proportion : 2 f 3 a E7- J" 17) K - a. -t rf f. a. n a o sr ? ft 3 S : 2. 2 2 a 8 ps " It n (T - 19 "n OHM V k c o c o J. W " n Oi O tj W i.1 in 5.1 00 '-lOOp - e 10 41 S.1 rc o 4 o Cj fo tn t, s x a u o 1 V- V is V. V V f) i c c -1 ?i o T e w o -i 5 e 10 ti r. t 1 i. U 10 IC r; c. UWOtf C -J - Cl to o .1 or la "or io 0 10 u i a- o - 4- i. rr cr ir m si u u a' 2. St "c c "on rr V rr v ii 'o '11 Cl 1 i C ' T1 (T X C O CA U U CI tc O) C U X M "ci io ii c o ti "e "10 O.IJ.UOOCIOIO 5? Here, sir, we have a view ofihe demand am supply of the Engli-h market for three soccer five years. And dors it appear ti nt that mat krt is to be regarded an our! And is tho L' nited States the only country on which Grca Britain is to depend fur her bread stti!l7 i glance at this taUe will chow at oncu that on supply, when compnred with that of the conti unit, dwindle ulnnxit to insignificance. Riii "in iiplit'8 ucorlyns much bh the United State Henmark a trifle more; Prussia more than si times ns much ; Germany nnd Holland nrarl threo times n much; France and Italy cac nearly twice as much; nnd British North mcricm colonics more than twice as much t this bunded granary of tho world. To shin the relative importance of our trade to G ret Britain, iti biroly necessary to say that of eve ry hundred bushel sent to the Eiiglicd) 111:1 rkc we supply only fivo. Wc have seen that the importations of whe: inti Croat Britain have been exceedingly flu. touting, ranging from 22S.01K) to :W,0l7,(KI bushels. A fair crtimato of tho Englixli d ma nil, for a term of years to emtio, nny, 1 thin be put down at MOO!) (KK) buslicln annttall And where will nhe obtain her supply! Froi the United State! Why have they nntsu plied that market in year past! Will it pnid thnt the com laws have operated again us! But those la as hiv been general in tin. operation. Why have not these restriction perated a?ninsl tin; nations on Ihe coutiuen Tho thirty three millions of bushel brnu? 'rom the north, during the threo year, and 1 twelve millions from tho south of Europe, ha been subjected to the samo duty as the thr millions Irnm the United Htates. And ifth can supply more than nine-tenths of tho win under the present law, they can do tho sat under a les restricted dispensation or a eyslt of pcrfcctlrec-trada" Correopondence of the Philad. Ledger. KllOM WASIIISGTUX. Wasiiixuton, IMh August, IS 1ft It is now morally certain that the great nit ests of Pennsylvania, coal and iron, will rece' the earliest attention of the next Congress, v that the subject will be urged, olFiciully, on ! consideration of Congress at the next session, receive now, and will receive then, the att tion of tbe proper Executive Department. 1 tarifl of IS 10 is, as I vestured to call it in 1 last, an executive measure, not carried by a p ticular set ol men, who might wish to pursue due advantages, or be led astray by a moment, triumph. Let us not deceive ourselves on I score. 1'he free trade principle would hi safely gone to steep in the South, but for exe live resurrection. lis peculiar champions had atrength to carry it, and could at best but bar and perplex the adoption of other measures, modification therefore doea not depend iq them i though I am well informed that it is p ctaely the South who are most alarmed ate' tain features of the tariff of 1840, and most r dy to pay a premium to hate iti moderate f'stoN iniured, The Pennsylvania stapl coal and iron, it was el way 1 contemplated, every tariff", to protect, at necessary to natio independence and defence in case of war. 1 revenue tariff of 1H16 protected them att hi; er rate than any subsequent one, (coal to thi mount of five cents a bushel, or f I 50 a b and Ihe protection was never so low as un the provision of the compromise act of If which, by finally abolishing all specific dot and adopting ihe same horixonial rate of d did as much lor the prostration ol the systen protection aa the late Briliah tarifl enacted Sir Robert Peel, This compromise act of ' Clay waa a concession made to the South greater than Buy contemplated by the tari 11(5, which may admit of improvements, . among thoM) such a would bo (mrticularly cepluble o lVnn)Uuia, but allurd, over it 'tiM.iit fclutc, uiuie incidental piotCC than any hwiiontul ntuot du'.ie.
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