From Ihy Harri-burg Koyntone. The Tar“? of ’46. 'l'lie autlacityiof‘ bur tedeml opponents In charging that the demucracy cheated the people in 1844. on the subjectnt the tatifl, is only equalled by the pertinacily with which they adhere to their corpora tiun and ahmplnster policy. Hear what Mr. Clay-says in the last speech he ever made on the subject in the Senate ofthe United Statesgs-just belore he retired from that body. in 1842. whth the view 0' be‘ coming a candidate in‘44, In this speech, which is a long one. he lay9.d°““ 9 gen eral platlorm. or general pulley “Will he desired his friendsto pursue. 0n the sub ject ot the thrill he expresses himselflhus. in speaking ol the comprumlse act: u What are the other principles 0! the act? Elm, there is the principle that a fixed ad valorem duty shall prevail and brain force at all times. For one. Inm willing to abide by that principle. There are certain vague nations afloat as to the utility and necessity of specific duties and discriminations, which I am persuaded a rise Irom a want of a right understanding on the subject. We have had the ad val orem principle practically in lnrce ever since the compromise act was passed; and there has been no difficulty in administer ing the duties of the Treasury on that principle. '° It was necessary first to ascertain the value of lhe goodfl, and then to impose lhe duty upon lhem ; and from Ihe commence. ‘ ment of the not to (his day. the ad valo rem principle has been substunlially in operation. Compare the difference be tween npecific and the ad valorem system 0! duties. and I maintain Ihnl lhe laner Ia justly entitled to the prelerence. The one principle declares the duty paid shall be upon the real value ol the article tax ed; the specific principle imposes an e qual duty on articles greatly unequal in value. Coffee, for example. (and it is an article which always suggests itself to my thoughts.) is one of the articles on which a specrlic duly has been levied. Now it is perlectly well known that the Mocha cof fee is worth at least twice as much as the coflee at St. Domingo or Cuba, yet both pay the same duty. The tax has no res pect to the value, but is arbitrarily levied on all articles at a specific kind alike, however various and unequal may be their value. I say that. in theory, and accord ing to every sound principle ol justice, the ad valorem mode ol taxation is entitled to the prelerence. There is. I admit, one objection to it 3 as the value oi an article is a matter subject to opinion. and as o piniona will ever vary. either honestly or fraudulently. there is some dilficulty in preventing frauds. But With the home valuation proposed by my lriend Irom Rhode Island, (Mr. Simmons.) the ad val orem system can be adopted with all prac ticable salety, and will be liable to those chances only ol lraud which are inevita ble under any and every system. " Again: what has been the fact from the origin of the government until now? The articles lrom which the greatest a mount ol revenue has been drawn, such as woolenr, linens. sillra. cottons, worst eds. and a few others have all been taxed on the ad valorem principle. and there has been no drfiiculty in the operation.— lbelieve. upon the whole. that it is the hen mode.‘ I believe that if we adopt a fixed rate ad valorem, wherever it can be done, the revenue will be subjected to few er frauds than the injustice and trends in cident to specific duller. One of the most prolific sources of the violation olour rev enue'iawe has been. as every body knows, the eflort to gel in goods of a finer quali ty and higher value, admitted under the lower rate of duty required ior those of a lower value. The honorable gentleman from New Hampshire. (Mr. Woodbury,) and the honorable Senator from N. York. (Mr. Wright.) both well know this. But i! the duty was laid ad valorem there could be no motive lor such on eflort. and the (rand. in its present lorm would have no place. In Englandt as all who have read the able report made by Mr. Hume. a Scottish member in the House ol Com. moor. muat perceive. they seem to be giv ing up specific duties. and the'tendency in the public mind appears to be. instead of having a variety 0! specific duties and a variety of ad valorem duties. to have one permanent fixed rate ot duty for all arti cles' lam willing. I repeat. to adhere to this great principle as laid down in the compromise act. "there be those who suppose that. under the specific form ol duty, a higher degree of protectlon can be secured than under the other mode. I would observe that the actual measure of protection does not depend upon theform but on the amount of the duty which is levied on the toreign rival article. do 0 o a a o , _‘t Let me not be misunderstood,an let I!!! entrant that [may not be misrepresen ted, lam not advocating the revival of ‘ h'lh ;protective tarifl. lam for abiding bythcpriociples ot the compromise act: loot for doing what no southern man of n (on: or candid mind has ever yet denied— gtVng-to the country a revenue which any provule tor the economical wants at the goeerurnent. and at the some time give an incidental protection to our home industry. “the“: be here a single gentleman who Wliigdeby ii); iairne‘se 81 propriety of this, 1‘ shall be glad to ace 'aud hear who he is.” ' Now is not this' the identical doctrine contained in Mr. Polk’s‘ letter‘ to "Mr. Kone, about which our opponents have and In much? and is not the tariff in of 1846,3tramed upon the very principtoo‘re‘ co'nmended by'Mr. Clay in the above ax encto}: No min of «once; who value-elite reptitatioo tor truth. pill deny this.- Mr. Clnylravell-knew that' all the“ experimeoti made in favor of high protection had tail-- ed to give general satisfaction tothe coon ‘ ”y, and that In outer to hav'e'any thing like stability. some equitable &just prin ciplepgpphcable alike to the whole coun try. must be adopted: and this has been done in the act of 1846. just as Mr. Clay recommended it should be done in the spee'ch alluded to. And when, may we not finith propriety enquire. has the whole Country been more prosperous than duringthe last two years. During the last year the inanulacturers. especially the iron men, made extrava gant profile. This year they are not do. ing as Well. because of an over production both in Europe and at home' In a year or two the probability Is they will again have a period at rich profit. Now it is generally considered in the Middle States. that a dollar a bushel is a bout a lair living price tor wheat. Some times, when there is an extraordinary de mand abroad. the price rises greatly above this. especially it the surplus in our own country is not large. At other times when the surplus Is large and the demand a broad limlted, the price. sinks perhaps to 70 or 75 cents. What is to be done lor the farmer under these reduced rates P Uan Congress or the Governrnentaid him? certainly not. He must wait tor a turn in the times. curtail his expenses and do the best he can. Now why should not the manufacturers do the same? But they lare not willing. 'l‘hey immediately com mence a clamout' against the government, and cry for more protection. and try to delude the farmer by-telling him, that ll the manulactures were protected. they ‘ would afford him a home market; as it the farmers were stupid enough to believe. that a market limited to the United States i would be better for them than the market at the world. The day for this deception and humbug has passed away. The human; have found by experience that high larifla have never raised lhe price ol wheat. and they are not disposed to be taxed any longer on the ar ticles lhey consume. while lhe price of lhoac lhe] have to sell is not advanced. General Cass. Gen. Shields. in a recent speech. paid the {allowing high and just tribute to the character and qualifications ot the stand nrdbearer of the Democratic party : " Gen. Case has been a soldier, and a brave one. He has been a diplomatiat. 8b a truer American America never had.— Hia unpardonable sin in the eyes of the whiga is. that he dared. while minister to France. to oppose Great Britain and her kingly alliea. in defeating the quintuple treaty—that in many ways he has check.- ed her grasping power, and humbled her ambitious pride. I quote the language of the great in all nations. when I say that no other man could have deleated the al lied powers to that inlamoua treaty but Gen. Cars. A 5 a diplomatiat. every A merican ought to leel a just pride in him, and every true hearted American does. He was a cabinet advlser in the councils of that great man. Gen. Jackaon, who nev er made a mistake in his aelectione. and none stood higher in his estimation than Gen. Case. AI a Senator in that learned and most dignified body—a body which haa not it: equal for talent on the face ol the earth—l quote the language of Daniel Webster in laying. that Gen. Case. lor wand and varied learning. had not hia a qual there.” [(T’To the miserable Taylor whig slan der: of 'l‘. B. King of Georgla. who made a speech at Patterson. N. J., in which he called Gen. Cass “ the hero of Hull’s wr render, an ass. a villain, and a traitor,” and said he ”ought to have been hung,” Gen. Jesup, being called upon. has writ ten 5 letter, which he closes as lollows: “ Thatgentleman (meaning King, whose speech proves he is not a gentleman.) has been so unfortunate in the random state ment of his facts, as not to have stumbled upon a single truth, His charges I ltnow to be utterly unfounded from beginning to end. There is nothing in the history of the country, written or unwritten. lojus tify any one of them in the smallest de gree. As to Gen. Cass. I served with him in two campaigns, a part of the time un der his orders. and attached to his brigade. l have seen him in situations. and under circumstances that would test the cour age 0! any man, and he never tattered; but always acted in accordance with the dictates of high courage and patriotism.— Whatsoever may be the course otothers, he is never the apologist of the enemy, but is always lound on the side ofthe country.” V This is a severe and Eutting rebuke to those contemptible whig blackguard friends of Taylor who do not scruple to use the black weapons at falsehood and slander. Boston Post. fly; Irish Patriot in Avila—Richard Bullet. late president ol the Tipperary Club, now an exile for the ume of loving his country ‘OO We”. Wnuls employment at his Index of watch-making. hnvmg been obliged to leave his famgiy nml business at an hour’s notica.--N. . Tribune. Pnospnou or Wmo‘annv m Louxsx tum—ln the report of the speech of Mr. Soulmal Gretna, in the punch of Jefl'er non. Louiliana, is lhe following: The orator lhen «mounted the various parishes which he had lhe pleasure of via ning. and hm repon of the Democratic ggim was Italy cheering. In one instance he found a pledge signed by aavenly-lwo original: Whigs, who 'had abandoned the Whig patty because Ihnlparly had abanr Vdonod- ils’ principlu. . ' FOREIGN NEWS. BY MAGNETICTELEGRAPH FOR THE PENNS YL VANIAN. Arrival of lhe Cambria. Thelma/1 Insurrection-uflloody Insur rection at Iv’ranlc/brt—nDisturbances at Vnenna. The steamship Cumbria arrived here this morning. with Liverpool duh?!) to the 23d ult. The lollowing is an abstract ol the intelligence brought by her. The Cnmbvia made her passage out in ;3 days. She nrrived in Halifax on Wed nesday at 11 o'clock, P. M.. and thence sailed lor Boston at ll o’clock, A. M.. yeslerday, arriving here at 9% o’clock this mormngu human—At the tune of the sailing ol the America there was considerable ex. citement in Ireland. and a strong feeling prevailed in some quarters that a real re bellion had broken out in the South. “’l‘ had very little doubt but that‘the distur bance would turn out to be unimportl'mt, and that their character would have more ol social than political complexion. Such now appears to be the case. As to the probable result ol the trials, various opinions are hazarded, and a va riety of reports put in circulation as to the course which government intern! to adopt in case they should be successful in obtain ing verdicts. The belief entertained that a positive rebellion had broken out. is. to a certain extent. without fottndnttoo, but it is, nev ertheless. true, that depredatory bands of armed men had turned out in hostile array encamped in almost Inaccessiblc positions, and openly defying the military authority. The last. accounts Irom Ireland state that the neighborhood of Garrick on Suir is still much disturbed; that the insur gents occupy formidable localities upon the mountains; that signal fires are lighted every night. amt that the utmost vigilance of the military and police has faded to crush the display. Search is kept up at ter Doheny and other leaders, who are known to be with the insurgents, butss yet without the slightest etlect. ' Numerous attacks have been made upon the police and non-sympathizing residents. These demonstrations, howuer. so pur poseless in themselves and so well calcu lated to inspire alarm, particularly in Eng land. have in a considerable degree subsi ded. though the insurgents are lsr trom be ing dispersed. ' . me tho London Globo. Sept. 22—P. M. FRANCE.—-Pafil, Sept. 2L—lt is almost impossible to describe the gloom which has gone over the .public mind here.— Every body seems to think that Cnvoignac and the National Assembly will find it impossible to establish the Republic. and yet nobody knows how it can be got rid of without a conflict. in which none of the friends of order are willing to engage. II it is to be overthrown it will probably be by some sudden event, probably a military conspiracy. . 'l‘he intentions of Cavaignac are believ ed to be excellent. and such a Republic as he would give us. the enlightened men oi the country would willingly accept. but they have not the energy required to sec ond his efforts. The great obstacle in the way of the Republic is the peasantry.— The men who proclaimed the Republic, in obedience to the orders of some filteen or twenty thousand ol the populari- of Paris. forgot that. atthough they might get up a good deal of enthusiasm iii the ciiy, and in a few of the large towns of the provinr ces. the agricultural population. who are by far the most numerous, must be con aulled last. The farmer has had 4 per cent more to pay in taxes. and the far mer’s man has his wages reduced to enn ble his employer to pay the taxes. Put your hand into his pocket and drain out his earnings to pay lor &the Republic, and see whether he will support it? The constant decline in trade—it is de clining though the government organ tells you to the contrary—tho low state 0! the treasury, the difficulty at getting in taxes. and the general complication of politics, have a tremendous effect upon British fonds. To-day they must have iallen con aiderably; the 5 per cents to 67 l 2; and the 3 per cents to 43 [-4. The ultra Democrat says that this is the trick oi the rich to kill the Republic. but"the rich, as they are called, would be glad to see the funds 20 per cent higher. lor they would have confidence In the payment at dividends. trade Would revive, and they would find tenants (or their hou ses. No! it is not a conspiracy of the rich—it is a result of general melais, and the general opinion that government Will be unable to establish a system for which there is only a lukewarm support on one side and deadly ”hostility on the other. The numbers {or the successful candi dates in Paris were declared officially to day. at the Hotel de Ville. 'lhey are Louis Napoleon 110,752; Fould‘ 78.991; Raspnrt 66,963. A statement has been published to day by some oi'the Deputies who were to have been sent by Cavai‘gnnc into the Depart ments. and' the instructions given them shows that the General had never lor a moment abn’ndoned the cause of good gov ernment. Gunman—A sanguinnry insurrection broke out at Frankfort on the evening of, Saturday last. Upward of thirty barri cades were erected throughout the city. and delended wrth desperate courage by the peopte. The revolt had not been el fectually suppressed at the‘ departure ol the lsltaecounts. The loss of life was considerable. ' “ Suonr.—-_-‘-A nevolt 'tuok place at Chenmitsenin on the lllh. Barricades “were formed, and lhe operalivgsireinlxvr ced by numbers from the suburbsfiifind at tacked the troops. but were effectually overcome. . Vienna has Again been the scene of fresh bloodshed and still continues in a most distracted stale. Some local disturbances have also taken place in Hamburg, HUNGAnv.—’l‘ht- ntlairs in Hungary are becoming more and more conllictive. NORTHERN l'rALy.--Owing to the ac cepted mediation ol France and England, is in a state at suspénded hostilities, but it is feared that influences are at Work which will lead to n resumption nt arms. The army of the Alps/tin the meanwhile is to be reduced one-hull. ’s‘ NAPLES AND/SIGNAL—TIIe King of No ples has prurugued Parliament till the 2d 0! November. and the utmost alarm and anxiety is felt for the issue of hostilities. It is snid that the French will oppnsc any further efforts of Naples to subjugutc tho Sicilies. ' BOSTON Oct. 6. "The following parlicuiars of lhe Mexi can news, received by the steamers Trent and Severn. are extracted Irom the New Orleans Picayune and Crescent; M the 28th ult. The dates Irom Vera Cruz are to lhe 20H) ult. The condition of the country in compu ratively trunquil upon the uurlnce. There have been no political pronunciamentos.— We are told. however, that the Santanis [as and the Puros have united their politi cal fortunes, and will make no elfort to overthrow the present Government. The return of Santa Anna ii openly talked of and expected. The country is suffering extremely from the unqale stuteol the public roads. They are infested by robbers in every direction. l‘rnvellera make provision for being rob bed. as tithing of course; they carry with them money expressly to satisfy the ram city of tho banditt ol the highway. content it they escape all other indignttieu. The flrco Iris mentions the cure of a little party nl Germans. who were attacked on their way to Vera Cruz. They resisted and wounded one at the robbers and his horse; the rest acnmpered off. The woun ded man was alterwards arrested and han ded over to the authorities. Verbally we learn that he was hung lor the ofTence. Lieut. Tilden. formerly of the U. S. Army. came over on the Trent. and went ashore at Pass Christian. Our readers cannot need to be reminded ot the deed. by which he brought deep inlamv upon htmsell in the city of Mexico. He was compelled by the Government to leave that country. Paredes is still in Mexico, and said to be endeavnring to procure a pardon lor himself. It is thought that he will be auc cessful—thnt he will not even be subject ed to the inconvenience of a temporary exile. Foreigners. we are (old, are treated With much more consideration in Mexico since the war than Ihey were formerly.— 'l'he Americana share particularly in this increase of regard. D. Luis de 'a Rosa has been nominated and confirmed by lhe Senule as Minister Plenipolenlinly lo the Unllfll States —- Senor Pina y Uneyas has been appointed Mimsler ol the Treasury. The Celebration of lhe '6") o! Seplem' ber, lhe birtHday 0| Mexican indepen dence. appears lo‘havc been general "Ho’- out lhe counlcy. \Ve find it continua”)! relerred to by the press, and we have a copy 0! one oruliun pronounced as the manual. The amnesty was (Icclmcd m ”Ur-j'xfllfl. on lhe lOlh of Augus'. in favor b! all the insurgent Indians who should make their submission within sixty days, The conducta which lelt Mexico on the l7lh ult., with 82.000000. anived aale ly nt Vera Cruz on the 3d. Much natun ishment is expressed that it was not rob bed. El Monitor mention3_a lellel from Tam pico. which says lhn! lhe dlslurbcrs 0! public order in that place me Compiring for its andexalion lo the Uniled Slales. Among lhe accused is D Francisco Ceru anlea, who had lelt lnr New Orleans with the inlenlion ol communicallng upon the subject wilh Col. du Russ}. who it is said is raising men in aid 0! (he atllevprize. I! was said also that the Gov'ernor of 1a maulipns had reccived letters upon lhe same subject from Col. De Rusaey. and that Gen. Francmco Vllal Fernandez was also connected in some way wilh lhe move‘ ment. The 3d and 10m ballnlions of in fanlry and some cavalry had been ordered to Tampico. Which, with lfie lorce already there. would ainounl to more Ihnn 1500 men. Revoluliunary prujecls seem not yet to have been abandoned in Mexico. if we may judge Irom the following. which was found posted upon the corners In the cap ital : "Mexican nation there is yet time for hope.” " Long live the Military Dicta torship.” "Long live the valiant General Santa Anna." “Long live religion and thepurosl” "Death in lhe Republic and the Slates which lorm the cursed Confed ernlion l” A savage outrage was perpetrated the other night at Cincinnati, up’on John Garn hart, a boarder at the Green Tree Helen- He was accused of stealing fifteen dollars from one ofthe boarders. which he deni ed. whereupon they tied himg'kicked him, beat him with a board.’hoteewhipped htm. and threw him out one pile of wood in the yard. to die. His ériea brought easin lance. and the authors of the outrage were arrested and committed for' trial. ~.__Garnh art ie‘very feeble. - ' ' From Mexico. A Man over Niagara Falls. A 'I'HIHLLING SCENE. . rl‘h'e Buffalo {\dvefliser. 0! Mom“), gives the {ollomng thnlliug sketch 0!: scene at Ngagnrn Falls: Neither fiction nor fact lurnishes an in. cident of more thrilling interest than one’ which occurred Inst evening at the Falls, and is detailed below by our correspond; ent. There is sometheing terribly appall ing, almost sublime. in the struggleslur life of a strong, self-possessed man, When drawn into the torrent that, with the mud of a race horse, sweeps him onward to certain destruction. A moment scarcely elapses between entire snlety and a most lenrlul death, yet in that moment when wealth of life may be compressed. How like lightning must flash through the mind all the plcusnnt recollectionsof childhood,‘ the firm resolves ol vigorous manhood. the hopes of the future, the endearments of home and lriends, repentance for past er. ”m, and prayers lor forgiveness In that drcati presence to which he is so awfully summoned! NIAGARA FALLS. Oct. 2. 1848. About sundown lust evening, a man was carried over the. Falls., Who he wasis not known. From his management ofthe sail boat in which he came down the. riVer, I think he was not well acquainted with the current or the rapids. Hts dress and appearance indicated respectability, and alter he got into the rapids his self-posses sion was most extraordinary His boat was a very good one—decked over on the ham and I should thunk would carry 3or 4 tons. From what I learn of a sailboat having been seen below Black Rock. com mg down, I thinlt it is lrutn there or Buf lalo. No other than a person unacquain ted with the current above the rapids‘ would venture so near them. l was on the head of Goat Island when~ [first diictWEt’t’d the boat—then nearly halt a mile below the loot of Navy laland'r and nearly two miles above the Falls.— There seemed to be two in the boat, It was directed towards the. American share _the wind blotting lrotn this Ihore. and} still the soil was standing. Being well no quainted with the river. I regarded the position of the boat as extraordinary and hazardous. and watcher] it with intense anxiety. Soon thliscovered the motionof an oar. and from the changing direction ol the boat, concluded it had but one.— While constantly approaching nearer and nearer the rupidv, lcould discover it was gaining the American ahnre. and bythe tune it had got near the first fall in the rapids. about hallo mile above Goat Ih land. it was directly above the Island - There it was turned up the river, and for some time the wind kept it nearly stance-- ary. The only hope seemed to be to come directly to Goat Island, and whether I should run half a mile to site alarm. or remain to assist. in the event of the bolt attempting to make the Island. was a question ol painlul doubt. But soon the boat was again turned towards the Amer ican shore. Then it was certain it must' go down the American rapids. I ran for the bridge—law and Informed a gentle man and larlyjust leaving the Island, but they seemed unable to reply or moVe. I rallied a man at the toll ga'e—we ran to the main bridge in time to ace the boat just belore it had got to the first large fall In the rapids. Then I saw but one man —he Handing at the stem ui'h hi's oar. changing the course oi the boat downrthc current. and as it plunged over, bent down. i l was astonished '0 see (he boat rise wi'h (he mas! and sail standing, and the man, again crocv, t’itcchng the boat tow ards show. 'Aa he came to {he next and each succeeding lull he sat down. &then would rise and apply his oar in each-suc ceeding currcm. Sttll there washnpe lhnl he would'come near enough to the pier to jump. but in a moment it was gnne._ Another. that he at ghl jump upon the rock near the bridge. bul the current dashed him from it under the bridge. breaking lhe mast. Again he rose on the opposite side. Taking his oar and pointing his boat towards the main «how. he cried, “ had I betterjump from the boat P" We could not answer. for either seemed certain destruction. VVith in a few rods 0! the Falls, the boat struck a rock—turned overland lodged. He ap peared to crawl lrom under it. and swam will] the car in his hand till he went over the precipice. Without the power to render any unit lance—tor hall an hour watching a strong man struggling with every nerve lor lile. yet doomed with almost the certainty of destiny to an immediate and awful death. Slilli’imping with every ellort for his deliv erance—caused an intensity of excitement I pray God never again to experience. I write too hurriedly for publication. but I have stated all we have seen orknow respecting the man or boat. & from which I hope you will be able to glean so much for publication as will lead to the discov ery ol the man. , Pnesweu'ruu. ELeo'rmN LAw.-‘—By at: not of Assembly aueesOrs are required to open their books Immediately after the second Tuesday of October and are requi red to assess any white freeman making application to them at any lime within ten days of the choice of Electors for Prest dent and Vice President, and to. make out little for the oflicere of said election. and to deliver the same to them on or before 8 o‘- clock on the morning of the election. W'l‘he Gold Mine recently discover. ed in Van Guren county, Alnbama, in Mild to be very valuable. The proprietor says he wan’te capital lo work it. otherwise he would have kept the diocovery a secret. 13
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