the fruitful source of rasculity on the part of the Banks. The Berkurl‘lsie. _& 'l‘o. wanda Battlu. over-issued hundreds ot thouuandu ol' tlollota under his. loVely syn tem-—the attiount cannot be exactly er'l mated—while the 'l‘anndo Bank. not to be outdone, counter/3‘ tl a large number of notes! (it cootsuti’tl- burden ol the loss. by llteac operalio tell at-o 0110" those «ho were least able to bear il—lhe tarmt-ra nml mechanics-«he men "”0" votes ills Accidettcy in now irnplmlngi " The issues ol the Relief Note: under Governor Johnston’s Law. inVllt'd “m""gr ' us all thestitall notes ol the straw": shops of other States, and to title day we cttnl'fl' oe to be annoyed anti plundered by a host of worthless and ill-tnvot'ell‘i-r-‘ll‘fh mil“) ” ol which. (as tvealniost dart.v discover.) have been spawned in the ~t'crel“tfceueb ol the counterletter and linger! ‘ ‘“'e‘ repeat. it is the author of thto base invention who now units the votes ol Penn svlvanianfl- We might at well be called “l"m to contain the authors and support. a, nt the charter ol the Bank of the Uru ted States! ' _ Let it not be forgotten. either. that all the legialation protecting the people a gainqt the balelut consequences ol the Re trel Law originated wrth the Democrats. The enactment providing tor a gradual cancellation ol the retiet notes. was ol Democratic oriizin. and. at all know, con tributed greatly to the protection of the people—lnr from the period of the pas sage hi this remedial tneaaure, the Reliel issuea have been circulated without any ruinous depreciation—although they are still a revere tax upon industry. We cannot do better than by conclu ding this article with the lollowing quota tion lrom the report of Share 'l‘reaaurer Buns—an.ofl‘icer elected \io 1847, by our political opponents: “\ - -‘ Now when the pressure hawcn re mond and they conflict with wild reve nue. let them, (the reliel noteu) be with.- drawn. They are depreciated, because they are not Convertible into'gold and sil ver, and so (or m the moneyed etgazc tnrnts 'ol'tltt‘ State are paid in them. her atocls “ill Hist! necessarily be depreciated. To maintain th credit ol her atocke. the interest must be paid, not only in the cir culating medium of other commercial com~ rounitics. or that which will be received in paymeota of debts between citizens nl dillerent slates and nations. 'lt must be ol par value abroad, as well as at home. Gold and ailveraloue can do this. oraome~ thing that represents them, anti can be converted iotothcm at Will. These notes do not partake ol these qualities. and will not be received an a substitute lor them in any commercial community. It is true they are hand upon the credit of the State, anti the faith ol the Commonwealth is not questioned. nor is tlteoolidity at its funds, or the luflictency ol its alseta doubted.— Still this has not. will not. and in the na ture of things cannot maintain the credit oi theae no!" at par. 7hey bear upon their [ace the clematis of depreciation and dishonor. There is no promiae there to pay tnoney. Their framer has not done hia work by halves, lor every one who take. them area and known that they are not to he paid anywhere. or by anybody in money. Something must be discover ed Which hitherto has escaped observation, that will give to such paper a par value in any commercial community. its credit is louode‘d upon our public stock. and can uot be better than that upon which it is founded. and il the interest on the State clock is paid in this depreciated paper, the stock will also be depreciated. Lei them be withdrawn from circulation. Though In their conception and origin, they were apuuous and illegitimate, I;ch to them a legitimate death. 'l'ttav Ant: NOT ONLY I'NOLEAN au'r Uncons'rrrurroaaa. As a currency they are a puauc NUIaANCE, & fit only to be paid to those who qflicial/y permt! and aanclion the continuance of their circulation. Pass them speedily in .o the hands ot our most worthy Auditor General. He willpay Io them the honors ty' a funeral ile. and real assured lhepeo. ple will glarlly bid a cordial and lasting peace to their ashes.” From the Harrilburg Kointone. Corporations. We hold it as an undeniable truth, that the legiolnlure has no right to confer cor porate privileges on any set 0! individuals, uoleu some tuflictent object ol public in Meat requires 11. To make any ouch grnotl. {or mere individual gain. in an n buse ot legislative authority. against the optiit of the constitution and the genius 01 our oystem 0! government. 'l'o justily' conlerring upon one set in! men, piivilegee «hich the whole cannot enjoy, there must be some paramount pub lic good to be accomplished. to which the Intereut of the corporatorg gmunt'be sub lervienl and incidental. biit never the lending object ol the great. For instance. the public intereata may require the erection ol some bridge. turn pike road. or other impiovement. 'l‘heeei one object: of public utility, which may Jung] come special grants for general goo . ‘ But gunpoie an individual were to make an application to the legislature. and ume 5" llli-‘Dflil'on that he had one'hundred nliomanddfollaro in money, which he Was .:i'eglr‘ou'e to employ in‘ banking; that he Miolldll”lhe privilege. while others are lim. ite‘d‘t'ciux‘. of receiving seven per cent. .'iél'innuni on his loans ; of issuing paper. u l modulating medium. town or three A‘imee'ehe amount ofhiscapitnl ; ol receiv. methane” on deposite; of making; 101 m. lo'tlhfeemnébithe amount of-his capital; aha-om intone these pilvilegesehould be conferred .on. him. and he should make Mini! debtsbj loaning his "Money to specu . 't atom, ntttl other unlortuntue customers. he should be relieved by act ot assembly, l'ru". the payment of, his debts. beyond the ortgtnat amount nl hia cnpitul. without lnccoutiting tor the huge prulite he" may have pocketed on the principle ol bunk (llvltlenlll; iihat tnvor would puch a pit‘ position be t'nlttletl to rem-Ive tit the bend! ut the lt‘glnltfllttte i. Would not every one My that euch a naked rind uniltsgateett proposition as thii. was on inrutt tn the good tiemie ol the people’s representatives. nml unworthy of their cont-itletation? What right hue nny indiiitdual to claim ruclt privtleges and web exemptions lrotn the general lawn, which operate on other Citizens? Other people render themaelses liable to the laws against usury. it they take more than it: [)chem, lnr their mo ney. and besides. they are liable-"in their Whole etitates. to pay ull lheit debts to the. utteimoat lurthing.. But this would-be banker asks for the privilege. not merely ot taking seven per lcent. on his cannot. but also on his own protnisory notes, and on the depunitee. which he may receive and loan; nor is he content with thnt—he wants exemption in case of tltlalotlunt’. trom the payment at his debt» beyond hi 9 original inventment. an that he may enjoy the balance at his es late. it he has got any, wtiilehis creditors, who confided in his fidelity. lltUlll lot-e their claims, and do a.- they bent can. We know that every intelligent man in the country \vould at once reject such a proposition. an absurd and unworthy "l the least lavor. We are therelote. [mm to the inquiry. what iliflerence iii there in principle, between one man and a hnlla dozen. or a hundred men. making Mich an application? Why should one hundred men have privileges conterretl on thetn in the aggregate. Which it Would be Ufljtfll to [conler on them individually? These are questions which we would be pleased to hear the advocates ul incmpo rnted banks. answer to the satiatacuoii til the common untlentanding ol the people at large. For ourselves, we hold that the whole system of incorporated banking. wtth spe cml attd exclusive privileges, in an impo sition on the public, and that nothing but the effect ot tong usage would. in title eti lighteneil day. allow it to be tolerated tor a Single moment we must have banks, In every man who parltcipales in their profits. be bound to pay all their liabilities. as partners in common. They ought to have no ape cxal exemptions, nor ought the law to be so complicated. as to render the proceas ol recovery on tedious as to be 0! no prac tical uac to the small creditors. Let us have liability in full. and a plain [and direct remedy to entorce it. The people, when they get to understand the subject lully. “ill be satisfied with noth tng less. But Men with these provisions, We are against the increase ol banks. and against the issue of bank paper ol a less denomination than ten dollars. In fact. We would be in lavor of prohibiting. ir. a short tune, all below twanty dollars, that the “armor: and mechanics might receive the constitutional currency. toggles and half eagles. lor their producta in place at the paper fires and tenn. and betnuu- the power 0! inflating the currency by itnprop er bank ernluiona. would be thereby grea I] diminished Front Iho Pennsylvanian. PENNSYLVANIA 'I'HE BATTLE GRUUND OF THE UNION. The following letter lrom'l‘ruman Smith of Connecticut—a member of the late House 0! Reprenentatives—nntl one ofthe ‘unacrupulom advocates 0! Gen. Taylor. seine-holder's identity with the Abult tiunlnls ol the North-has taunt! its way into our hanus, through a friend, to whom It wan mix-directed. It appears that thih Eentletnan, who is munxiuua to elect Geo. Taylor. is now at Washington. wing hl! {ranking privilege, by luatltng down the "lull! 0! Uncle Sam with the Wire! elec tiunrering [alaehuothuan uutrage upon the treasury, and an abuse 0! his privnle gen an a member 0! Congresi, which ought to make the North flmerican lull down on ils knees, and pray lur the ppeedy abate ment 0! [he dreutllul evil! Bu! he“! it the letter—the Mitten letter ul 'l'ruman Smith WAsulNaToxv.Sc-pl. 124 h. 1848. Damn Sm: Permit mo in behalfoflho Whig Ex‘ ecunvc commiuco of lhe lwo Houses 0! Congrats. lu nddreu you ”1’ lhe approaching election-.Slnlo and anionnl in Penmylvania. To make our sun con certain in tho grout Notional content, we need the vote of Pcnulylvanln. and lpre-ume lnhnll Illnd jultifiod by the van importance of the crisis. in asking you to take hold of the subject with all pas-iblo vigor. We truut you will spare no point in carrying your State eleclton. Recollect lbat the rucceu cl Governor John-tion will break down Cnu throughout the country. But if the Demo. erotic candidate for Governor must be elected. you will no the importance 0! cutting down his mill jority to a very' low figuro. The moment your Slute election is over, I beg You and (through yOU-) your friondn to go to work in earnest {or the No vember uleclion. Pennlylvania we can and mu". have. Never has there been quood on opportu nity for striking a uucccnl‘ul blow at the Radical party. in now. lehnll work until November. I ask you to work With me. We cnn'furni-h good political matter from our Committee room it up. plied'for this iriontb. 'Let mo hour from you on to proapecu in your part of Pennsylvania. With much relpact. I am truly your friend. TRUMAN SMITH. The letter it a new prnof that PENN-' SYLVANIA IS TO BE THE BAT TLE GROUND .OF "THE UNION.— Ttuman Smith .is an unscrupulous and a detpurale politician; “ He in laborink at‘ Washington'with all his might—aided by others, quite as reckless u hitnuell‘vto ac comptn-n the-overthrow oljthe Democratic party of thtsfimte IntOctthPr. 7: V ‘ .. Hear this distinguished Felt-ratifie— "Recollecl Ilia! the success of Governor Jo/maton will break down ('aas through W the country 1" Let this he a warning 0 us. Democrats of Pennsylvania. Let ring tt through the Stair! Let on re pe 'italong the whole unbroken Demo 'crut c linellfike the fire bell in the night, it uhould awaken all our uleeperl. The importance of EVERY DEMOCRATIC voni being out‘tlnr Judge Longstreth it lurther admitted by this undo-mom agita tor; when he says : “But i/ (he Democra no candidate for Governor must be elec led. you will see the importance q/‘cutling' I down his mrg'orily lo a very low figure!” Now although thts to really a covert ad misninn that Longstteth’n election is ter rain. yet it is no less an invocation to us to make his mujtirity one that will bury all opposition to Case in the same gnne that covers Johnston and his hopes. The whole letter at Governor Smith is a startling appeal to the Democratic party at Pennsylvania, and teaches on our duty in both electionu. He says: "Wc”—[lhnt is lhe 'l'uylur Abolilinnius and slave huldernJ—“we need the vale of Pennsylvania!” Nu doubt ol it; but lhe Union and the coun try need i: more. and they shull have It .' Mineral Weallh 0! California From the Correspondence of the North American. Momenn. UPPER CALIFORNIA.- July 2d.1848. g Messrs. Editors :—-'l'he mineral wealth ol Calilorriia is being daily developed.-—- Mines of silver. quicksilver, copper, zinc and lead have been lound in our moun tains. Front one quicksilver mine alone ther extract daily tim-e hundred pound ul mercury—and this mth the most rude ,machinery. With a good apparatus they might easily extract a thuuwnd pounds a tray, 8:, {root that totwo thousand. Coal has been lound. but the bed not ol sulfi cient depth to work to advantage. Uul a recent gold discovery llth thrown all others into the shade. 'l‘ne 3“) th ‘which border Feather river and the Arne ricaii Fork abound in particles ot gold resembling in shape snow-flakes. These are separated lrorn the sand by stirring them in Water in a basin or bowl. A per son will collect by this simple proce-s lrom one to two ounces ot gold a day— some hate gone as high an at: and eight ouncer. l have just been conversing with a man who. In'eix days. gathered five hun dred dollars worth. He has. one piece weighs an ounce. There are probably now not less than five thousand persons. whites and Indians. gathering this gold. San Francisco, Sonoma. Santa Cruz and San Jose. are literally deserted by their inhabitants; all have gone to the gold re gions. 'l‘he larrnera have thrown aside their ploughs. the lawyers their briefs. the doctors their pills. the priests their pray rr books. and all are now digging gold.—‘ l'he diartiund~bruached gentleman and the lclouted Indian work side by side. lowing ‘ly, as it they had been rocked in the name cradle. Tin pans. to ivaah the sparkling sand in, have Sold as high as eight dollars a-piece—shuvels lor ten—and wooden bowels lor five! A trough scooped lrom ahollow tree. ten leet long. and With a Willow sieve attached. sells lor a hundred and twenty-five'dollars. Boards are fivel hundred dollars loi a‘thousand leet. A very large company lelt Monterey to-day. tor the gold scene—some on lion eii. some in wagons. some in carlahnlnme on loot, and some on crutches. The tract ol land where the gold is lound covers a hundred miles in one direction and titty in another. It is said that ten thousand men-in ten years could not exhaust it. As lsuon as the news reaches Oregon we shall have ti large emigration lrorn that quarter. Nobody thinks ol fighting here any long er—lhe natives have gone lor gold, the sailors hate run lrom the ships, and the laoldiers lrotn their camps. lor the same purpose. The last vessel that lelt the coast. “as obliged to ship an entire new creW. and pay each filly dollars a month. No one cart be hired to dig gold short ol sixteen or twenty dollars a day—he pre lers working on his own hook—he may make less than that, but he has a chance ol making much more. The squadron is still at Mazatlan-—but if the treaty be confirmed. we .shall look for the Ohio here in a few days. The Congress and Cyane wrll go hnme,and the Independence. probably, to Climb."- The people of Lower Calilornla Will net er consent to go back permanently to Mex lto. They may submit to the srrangeinent‘ tor a time, but they will belore long run up the stars and stripes. That section of the country is rich in minerals. particu larly in silver. and would be a valuable acquisition. England has her eye on it. and will probably bid lllull; but the peo ple don’t like the idea of being; the colony of a crown. We want. In Calilornin, some good nchool'boolu, otew good tencllcrs. and a low off-hood preachers. All these would find persons to read and n- liulen. We are gathering the element. of a great nml influential community—if We me not ruin ed by this gold excitement. There never was yet a people strong in wealth and sound in morals, in the midst of gold and silver mines. , _ You talk of farmers! Why, I saw a formenhere ‘brnnd. lant week. a thousand calves. ail 0! one year’s growth. and he in considé‘red here rut’her‘n small formero-. yuu reckon by acres. find we hereby” miles and leagues; Your sheep. produce one lamb a year-;oni'h always-'on, and , often lour'. Yo'ur Stream: him: a few min- now in lhem. and ours Ire paved wilh gold}, How me my ggi’adelpflia lrlcnds? l-upec! l 9 ieave this I Dungdo m a few mumhs. and be among ynu. Very huly _vuun. memoctatf: Banner. 'c L E A R FIE L 1), PA} Sm. 27. 1845. FOR PRESIDENT. ' Gen. LEWIS CASS, 0/ Michigan. FOéIVVICE-ERESIDENT. Gen. W l. O. BUTLER, 0f Kentucky. Dcmocralic Electoral Tickc Senatorial Electors. WILLIAM BIGLER. ofClenrfiold. DAVID D. WAGENER. of Northamplon. Reprclcnlaliu Elecfou. Dl}. Dis - 1. Henry L. Bonner. 13. John C. King. 2. Horn R. Kncnsn, 14 John Weldmun. 3. lannc ShIIIIk. 10. RllherlJ ,thcr. 4. A. L. Rnummrl. 16 Frednrr’gk Smith. 5. Jacob S. You, 17. JIIIIII Creswoll, 6. Ruben E. WrIgIII, 18. Charles A. Black. “ 7. Wm W Duwmng. 19. Gem-go W. Bowman. 8. Henry Huldemun, 20. John R. Shannon. 9. Pelchlino, 21. George P. Hnmlllun. 0. B. S. Schounuvor. 22. Willmm H. Davis. 1. Wm. Swmlnnd. 23 'l‘imolhy Ives. 2. Junuh Brewster. 24. James G. Gnmpbell. FOR GOVERNOR. MORRIS [.O NGSTRETII, 0f Mon/gunnery calmly. FOR CéNAL COMMISSIONER. srael Painter, of ”’eslmorelaml. mn vomanpss. ALFRED GILMORE, ofßutlcr FOR ASSEMBLY, John B. Meek, of Centre. Geo. Walters, of C/earfield. momom-ron v. &c. WILLIAM C. WELCH. COMMISSIONER BENJAMIN BONSALL, AUDITOR. WILLIAM WALLACE. Election Returns. We hopo our cuunlry friends, election omm... and all ulhorl. “ill take a 111110 pnina IO send us the rclurm of lhe alectiun 'in their te-pecnve dlr rich. a: early on puniblo Kijhc dale of lhe fin! side ofllhis pa per Ihuuld be lhe "27”)" instead a! the “20”)" and No. " 36" inuead of “ 35 ” Our County Ticket. The Whigs have not yel presenmd any cantlidales in opposition lo our Counly 'l‘ickel. Their objecl is "idem Io every Democral. They think Ihal lhe lens ex cilemeni Ihere is. Iho less will be lhe ume of lhe Counly, and consequenlly the less will be lhe Democralic majority. Thin is an old Irick. oflen aliempled to be played in Ihia counly, and it lhOUld be lhe very means of bringing every Demo crat lo lhe polls. he Democratic County Ticket ts com poaed of the very beat Democrats in the county. WM. C. VVELC II for Prothon atory, II a candidate lot re-election. He in a moat capable. attentive, and obliging oflicer. This in freely admitted by every man who has had businels to transact with‘ htm. lift- as Icadtly conceded by Whigs, as by Democrats. BENJ. BONSAI.L, for Commissioner, to well known to the pcople of the county. He was once a candidate for the came of fice, and, owing to division among the Democrats. was defeated by seven vote: He is a most capable man. and a Demo crat of firm and undetiating integrity. He in I hard working mechanic, and by his totland industry, has reared a large latnily of chtldren. He rcotdea tn Brady tp. ‘ WM. WALLACE. lot Auditor. ia alsol an industrtoue mechanic, of Lawrence tp He Will make an attentive and faithful o ficer Fnr the Legislature. we have the same gentlemen. Mum and WALTERS. that rep vehented tu no faithfully during the last sea sion. It has been customary to give a mombor twn terms in this disttict. and as} they gave general satisfaction to their con- aliluency, there is no disposition Io depl from this good rule at present, Some fan was found Io Mr. Walter's couuo on the Bank quealion. He has now. however, presented his views. and has an exprea sion of lhe views ofhla consiiluency, & we may safely plenume will 'failhfullyvadhete lo Ihom. and this no what they mosl deliw MORE' HELP!!! 'l‘hal wealthy Iron-master of Clarion. Judge MYERS. and "a few more oflba same sort.” have reconlly “left our party for our party’s good.” and gone ov'er lolhe Federalism. Reason—because lhe Tarifl 1 of ’46 don’! givolhem any more protection than tbehj .poorei neiphbors. For every ’man of‘lhis class Ihnl Iho Democrato loose. they gain at least Ihree~ in their place—for nothing shows more aonspicuouuly Iho len ,dpncy of federal measure; to make the rich richer, andtghg poor pooret. I George W. Smith and the Uliilcd Slalcs’nank. Among the numbe‘r ol altong induce. meme the people a! min Congreuional dis. Iricl have l 0 vow for lhe “'hig candidate, in Hull of his warm and ardent efforts to (am upon the people of Pennsylvaniath CHIEF OF S“ INDLING SHOPS. Iho United Smea Bank, W. C. He we- a member of the Legislature in 1885. end use Steven's right hand man in aiding to melt that measure through the Legislature belore the vengeance of the PEOPLE would have time to be aroused, It will ‘be-Jremembered by those who were familiar with the political movements ' of that day. that the Democrats labored moat erdently to prevail on the federal ma. jority to GIVE THE PEOPLE TIME to express their opinion on the propriety of chartering this institution. inasmuch a there had been no pet't one from the people aching for it. For the purpose. every op. portunity was embraced by the Democrats to have the bill printed and distributed to the people. for the purpose of Ihowing them what their representatives were about to (in. But as often neitheee efforts were ‘ made so often were they defeated. and on EVERY OCEASION George W. Smith is found voting AGAINST giving hiscon etituenta this information. So in every stage ofthia disgraceful piece of Legialation. Whenever there was a helping hand wanted to strengthen the . Bank power. George W. Smith was at hand. In the Jaurnsl of the House ofßepre lenlalives of lhe session 0f1835-6—on lhe 29th day ofJanuary 1836. lhe follow in: proceedings are recorded al page 407. Bill No 112(1he Uniied Slates Bank bill) was read the third lime. A motion was made by Mr. Cox lo a mend [we omit the amendments] which was agreed 10. ‘ A motion was then made by Mr. Slouf (at, lo poslpune the further consideration of the bill unlil Monday lhe ls|h ofFebxuary. And on lhn question. Will the House agree to the molinn. Iho yea and map were—yea. 29 my 56.’ GEO. W. SM! PH among Iho NAYS. " So the question was determined in the negative. And on If); question, "Shall lhe bill pas% ? 'l'he yea: and nay: weze required by Mr. Conrad und Mr. Clalko, and were yea: 57, nays 30. ” GEO. W. SMITH among the YEAS. 'l'huu. ifthe people ofthe 24th Congra lionnl dlslm-l wwh In honor one ofllw PRINCIPAL AUTHORS oflhnl CHIEF Ronnnn ol the "’idow and Orphan will: a seal in Congress. may WI“ vole for Geo. W. Smilh. of Butler. CALIFORNI'AnNO'I‘ WORTH 1 HF. Among the many unfounded Ilalemenu mnda ”- by Iho Federal vundnia'o lnr Congrats in his Ipeerh in thin place at our last court “on. that the lerri~ Kory wo acquired from Mexico a- “indemnily for lhn pas! and acrnrily {or the {urura." co" more lhnn il wm wurlh. He presented II in lhe Ihnl-e ofnmil ul law [or the nonunion of a farm. In uh” I: Iho lunyu'n fee alnounlcd 10 more lhan Iho form mu u-orlh. Nuw Mehnvo no idea lhal any pmlon \\ hn heard Mr. Smllh mnke lhil nnerlion was deceived by it. or put my mnn confidence in his mock lincorily in lhis. than they did when he laid Gen. Cnu was a SWINDLER—buI lo anti-{y any who may have doubll on Ihc Ithecl. we give a leller today from lhe North American—u violent Federal organ—written by a Philadelphian now in California. rolerring lo the discovery of a small palrh. (only aboul one-Ihird as large n- lha Slalo of Pennsylvania) oquld in this worthless acquui~ lion Official documents: received at the Navy Department in Washington fully confirm the main facts in this letter. A FREE son. CADIDA'I‘F. FOR CONGRESS The De: Soil party of Butler county have nominated in full ticket. They have selected DUNLAP McIaAUGHLIN, of that county. as their candidate for Congre'ee. So then. it appear: that Mr. Smith’s ef forts to catch the Free Soil votel are all in vain. We wondered if they could be co. joled into the support ofa man who was supporting the owner of 300 §laroa for the Presidency. 'Beaidea this. Mr. Smith rendered himself particularly conspicuou buta short time ago by hia abule of this new party. at one or two meetings in But ler county. The First Vote. " I can’t go Taylor no way you can fix ” nmd n whlg-and-nolhing-elso the other day. l " You can'l go old Zack! Why l 0 Y” asked a Taylor whig. “Because he is not old enough.” said lhn 6m. “ No! old enough! What do you mull by Ihnl?" " Why. aura. doea he no! sayllm he has yet lo cut hiofiru vote 9” COST.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers