773': E 34 - an '3‘ : 33: ‘54 a 9 , 3E3 . . . 9,. of} E; ' t, » V=‘:r.:'z.‘-;";§ -':’evl- ' - i_ W" M "18“ s‘amé'timggthat, (lit’r ow‘n tr‘rasury \Villbe rdigfiifil‘rhifi‘h-‘héavy drain. the Mexicanvncofloi.‘willb‘e made. In (rel the burdqng stigma-war, and.‘c"omulti‘ng their 0"“ Intetpsts. may {be induct-(I the mute rendiltho‘require‘ their (Mus m accede to a just wanna.” ~ » , ,t, A"er4he3adjoutntncnt of ”IC'II’BS' sea sion 0‘ Congress; ~evcntsvlrunspired in the prosecutiqp ol the war which. in my judg meutfirequired a greater uumbet of (map! in lhe-621d than hnd been nnticipatod.— 'l'he slrenglh ol the army mu accordingly increased by f‘ucct'pling" the sprviceg of all the soluntecr forces authmizetl' by the act of the 13m 0| May. 1846. Without put ..Qlinn a Construction uuthat act,.lhe cm. fitgfireclneso of “high was seriously question ‘Z'fit‘lcd. . ‘ ‘ 1 ’ eel s:} N '.’-{'7 ms: L 3;: * . A 41:1"; g ',,]: a ‘ :ii), . 5% NE ; The volunlccrlorccs nbw tn Ihc livhl. with thusc tlutt hnd been “accepted” In ~ serve for twelve nmnthp.’ and were dis charge}! at the end at their term of svn'ict‘. exhaust the fitty"‘thuushnd men authorized •f r it ,3; by that act. 3iladtit been clear that a pro “; per tonstructton of that not warranted it. ’33) the services of an additional number would film": been called for and accepted; but ‘jt‘jggtloubts ousting on _ this point, the power in‘-fines not excretsed, ff}; ltis deemed important tltat Congress -:'33§Blluultl, at an early period of their session. sigjgficonter the authority to raise an additional ' fizregulor lnrce to serve during the war with ifiMcxico, 81. to be discharged upon the con ‘ :ézfgclusion and ratification ot'a treatyol peace. 3] invite the attention ol Congress to the 53-:‘ig‘views pregented by the Secretary of War gin his report upon this subject. gig; I recommend. also, that authority'be giv ~‘:f§3:~cn bylaw to call tor and accept the servi b res of an additional number of volunteers. lugcgjgttibe exercised at such time and to such Li‘gextent aa the emergencies ol the service @3333; may require. ltt prosecuting the war with Mexico, whilst the utmost care has been taken to -, : avoid everyjuat cause of complaint on the £32 part of neutral nations, and [tune has been ‘37; given ; liberal privileges have been grant -9733’}; ed to theii‘commerce in the ports ol the 3’ enemy in obrmilitary occupation. ‘i ‘Tllc dilficulty with the Brazilian gov if; ernment, which at one. time. threatened to 33 interrupt the lriendly relations between the :3“; two countries,- nill. i trust, be speedily 3,31%. adjusted. [have received information that 43 an envoy extraordinary and minister plen 33$ ipotentiary to the United States will short "s3 ly be appointed by his imperial Majesty, 1555 and it is hoped that he will contc instructed :35 and prepared to adjust all remaining dtl’le a] rences between the two governments in a f manner acceptable and honorable to both. § In the meantime. l have every reason to "‘.'-33‘s believe that nothing mlloccur to prevent iii our amicable relations with Brazil. 3;} It has been my constant effort to main {3 tain and, cultivate the most intimate rela -5% tions oflriendship nitlt all the independent 33.; powers of South America; and this policy :3 has been attended with the bappiestresulte 3 it in true, that tho settlement-and payment 2'3: 0! many just claims of Amertcan citizens against these nations have been long delay '.‘; ed, ' l :i The peculiar position in which they have i been placed. and» the desire on the part at "'23; my predecessors. as nell as myself. to grant them the “tllmoil indulgence, have ,5 hitherto prevented theae claims from being urged in atmanner demanded by strietjos - if: line. The time has arrived when they ought "3:; to be finally adjusted and liquidated, and {it charts are now making for that purpose. It is proper to inform you that the gov "? ernment of Peru has in' good faith paid the firatttwo instalments of theindcmnity ot “titty“thousnnd dollars each. and the great or portion of tl.e interest due thereon, in g execution of the convention between that '+‘ government and the United States, the rat -3!; ifieationa ofwhich Mere exchanged at Lima. '.'_ on the 313 i otOctober, 1846. The Attor if; ney General of the United States, early In 3! August last. completed the adjudication of the claims under this convention”, and made ‘; his report thereon, in pursuance ottlte act ot‘ the eighth of August. 1846. 3'l‘he sums to which the claimants are respectively en titl'ed will be paid on demand at the. treasu 3, TYD""""-' ‘3 . 3 3' ~. I invite the early attention ofCongross to i" the present condition of our citizens in Chi na. Under our treaty with that power. A t merican citizens are withdrawn from the jurisdiction. whether. civil or criminal, of (:3, the Chinese government, andvplaeed under it" that ofour publiefunetionaries in that coun {33. try. By these alone can our citizens be {3'33 tried and punished for the commission of 331,; any crime; by these alone can Questions Q be decided'betweenr them; invoicing the fgtft lightl'plj peraon- and property; and-by these 3% alone can contracts be enforced, into which gt} they may have entered with the citizens or 33;? .subjecta of loretgnpowers, . % 3'l'he~ merchant vessels of the United 3“; States lying in the craters ofthe five ports of 3a} Chinaoppn to foreigneommerceare.under. ; theexclusivej‘urisdtetton ol oflicera ottheir ”,3 own government. Until Congress shall 3," establishmempetenttribunals to try & pun “ ish crimes, and to exercise jurisdiction in .- sol my 'sof por- . ust conb U'if " hm) =1 was {he hich rye.» 'e‘cw . NI! 0 been ha‘vef y o t “he the a civil Cases in ‘ChiltafA‘merican citizén‘a‘ t ,thetezate subject .to no law whatever.— 3% Crimea‘may‘be committed with tmpunity. 3% and dpbts may .be‘ conttacledlyyithont a'ny ‘ “$3! moanttoenfomé, theitpgtymem. Inconve é pigncggzthqvg galggadyJegpltgd from the 0.5; .5; missionof Gongtcts- to legislate upon the ’3’: ““14“" and still greater ateapprehended. - be British authorities in China have a!» m randy-complained that this gowmment has ‘ " not-provided fonthe punishment of aims; oruh'e'jentdtc‘ement.iot’cofltract9 *a‘gains't A .meticnq‘ gitizaqtg~¢.in‘;tl,hm country; ‘t‘thilat‘ ; their monument has established. tribunals min-'5 by waiskgagfi Ametioegg'ttizenmmfiéfiypr {mt demadpomnt Exists?! ,aub'jccts, "2 _i'Tf . Accuatpmaq an; thqai‘lhinegp‘ are; to, sum.’ ,5 “lo :6 of and fight. . m pte‘d - ic‘o", ioné "all ‘EB m mnry justice, 'thcy could 'nnt',x_he.inade to| C'otnprehem!‘ why criminals Min 'are'uiti- Zena Ohho United- Starejs should escape with impunity. in violation of treatv obliga tions. whilst the punishment of a Chinese. i whbhed committed any crime against an American citizen. would be rigorously ex- ' acted. indeed. the consequences mt‘ght be fatal to American citizensin China, should 8' flagrant ertmo be committed by any one of them upon it Chinese. and should trial 85 punishment not follow according to the re quisrtions ofthe treaty. This mtght'dis turb. if not destroy. our friendly relations with that empire, and cause an interruption of our valuable com‘merce. ‘ Our treaties with the Sublime Porte. Tri~ poli, 'l'unie. Morocco, and Muscat. also re quire the legislation of Congress to carry them into execution. though the necessity furimmediato action may not be so urgent as in regard to China. The Secretary of State has submitted an estimate lo"defra_y the expense of opening diplomatic relations with the Papal States. The Interesting political events now in pro gress in these States. as well as a just re gard to our commercial interests, have. in my opinion. rendered such a measurehiglt ly expedient. ' ' Estimates have also been submitted for the outfits and salaries of charges d’afi'aiiee to the republics of Bolivia, Guatemala. and Ecuador. The manifest importance 0! cul tivating the most friendly reletiom with all the independent States upon this comment has induced me to recommend appropria lions necessary for tlte maintenance ofthese missteps. i recommend to Congress that an appro priation he made, to be paid to the Spanish government for the purpose of distribution among the claimants in t the Amistad case.’ I entertain the convrction that this is due to Spain under the treaty of October. 1795; and. moreover. that; from the earnest man ner in ohich the claim continues to be or ged. so long as it shall remain unsettled, it Will be a source ofirritation and discord be tween the two countries, which may prove highly prejudicial to the interests of the U. nited States, Good policy. noless than a faithful compliance with our treaty obliga lions. requires that theinconsiderab'e appro priation demanded should- be made. A detailed statement ofthe condition of the finances will be presented in the annu al report ofthe Secretary of the Treasury. The imports for the last fiscal year, ending on the 30m of June. 18117, were of the val ue-of one hundred and forty~eix million five hundred and forty five thousand six hundred and thirty«eight dollars ; of which the amount exported was eight millions e~ leven thousand one hundred and filty-eight dollars. leavtng one hundred thirty eight million five hundred and thirty four thou sand four hundred and etghty dollars in the _country for domestic use. The value of the exports for the saute pe riod was one hundred and fifty-eight million six hundred and forty eight thousand six hundred and tuenly ttto dollars : of which one hundred and fifty million six hundred and thirty seven thousand four hundred & sixty lour dollars consisted of domestic productions, and eight million eleven thou sand one hundred and fifty eight dollars of foreign articlas. , The receipts into the treasury for the same period amounted to twenty six million three hundred aud forty six thousand seven hundred and ninety dollars and thirty seven cents. of which there was derived from customs twenty three millions seven lrun dred and forty seven thousand eight hun dred and sixty four dollars and sixty six cents; from sales of public lands. two mtl lions four hundred and ninety eight thous and three hundred and thirty five dollars & twenty cents ; and from incrdental and mis cellaneous sources, one hundred thousand five hundred and seventy dollars and fifty one cents. The last fiscal year duringavhrch this amount was received embraced five months under the Operation of the tariff of 1842. and seven months during which the tariff act of 1846 was in force. During the five months under the act of 1842, the a mount received from customs “as seven millions eight hundred and forty two thou sand three‘ hundred and six dollars dz, nine ty cents. and during the seven months un der dream of 1846. the amount received was fifteen millrons nine hundred atrd five thousand five hundred and fifty seven dol lars and seventy six cents. The net revenue from customs during the year ending on the firehof December, 1846, being the lashyear under the opera' tion of the tariff set of 1842, oas twenty two million nine hundred and seventy one thousand four hundred and threedollars and ten cents; and the net revenue from customs dqmg‘ the year ending on the first of De cember. 1847; being the first year under the Operation of the tarill’act 0f1846. was a bout thirty_ one millionhfive hundred thou sand dollars; being an increase of revenue 'roi"tt;e"'rirat”‘y‘é'ar "tinder the“ tariff" act‘of 1846. of more than eight million t‘rve hun‘ dred thousand dollars over that of the last: year under the tariff of’ 1842. The expenditures during the fiscelyear ending on the sow of June last, were fifty? ninetnilliou ‘four hundren and fifty one i Ihousandone hundred and seVenty seven l dollars and sixty five cents; of which three million five hundred and menty. two thou- Sand ‘.‘"d eighty “'0" dollars and thirty see. 9" cents was on account of payment oi principalitandrinterest oi the public debt.‘ ingiutlingttreasury notes redeemetlidiénot funded. The expenditure»exctuuiuflf payment of: public debt, .rvf‘e‘re fifty.five millions -nine- hundred arid-twenty nine thousand and'ninflytfive dollars and men: ty eightrcent’sg -: I .' 1 i . ltéisxestirn‘ated that the receipts intothe treasury ffirzwfi?‘~i§s€nl;Jessamine-Wire 30th‘of June. 1848. including the halpoée i“ ”.16 l'euaury' on the lat at July last. will amount to tortv two million eight hundred afld'elahly aix'tliousand fiive hundred and forty five tlullarn 8: eightv cents. at which thirty one million, it Is estimated. Will be "Nivetl‘lrovn customs; three million fin humlred thousand trom the sale of the pub lic lands; four hundred thousand from i6l - sources. including snles made y the Solicitor of the Tremury: & rix mil. lion two hundred and eighty five thousand 'Wn hundrrd nnd' ninety four dollars And filly five cents from lountt already authori zt'd by law, which. tnzcther with the bal ance Hi the treasury oh the 19! of July last,‘ make the sum estimated. The expenditures for the same period. if peace wnh Mexico shall not be conclu dvd, and the army shali be Increased an is Whpnsed. will amount. including the nec essary payments on account of principai and interest «if the public debt and treasu ry nnles. to fifty eight million nix hundred and fifteen thousand sixhundied and sixty dollars and mum cents. - ‘ 0n the tint oi the present month, the amount of the public debt actually incurred, including treasury notes. was forty five million sixhun' dred and fifty nine thousand six hundred and filly nine dollar: and forty centl. The public debt due on the 4th of March, 1845, including treasury notes, was seventeen million seven hun dred and elghty eight thousand seven hundred and ninety nine dollars and sixty, two cents; 8: consequently the addition made to the public debt since that time in twenty seven million eight hundred and seventy thousand eight hun cred and fifty nine "dollars and seventy eight cents. 0f the loan of twenty three millions authori zed by the act of the 98th at January. 1847, the sum of live millions was paid out to the public creditors. or exchanged at par for specie ,- the remaining eighteen millions was offered for spe cie to the highest bidder not below par, by an advertisement issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. and published from the 9th February until the lOth of April. 1847. when it was awar dod to the several highest bidders, at premiums varying from one eighth of one per cent, to two per cent. above par. The premium has been paid into the treasury. and Ihc sums awarded deposited in specie in the treasury as fast as it was required by the wants of the government. To meet the expenditures for the remainder of the present and tor the next fiscal year. ondlng on the 30th June, 1849. a tnrther loan. in aid of the ordinary rerenues at ”to governmor, will he nscm. nary. Rntoining a sufficient surplus in tho treasu ry. the loan rcquirml for tho remainder of the pro~~ lent fiscal year Will be about eighteen million fivo hundred thousand dollars. If the duty on ton and rodeo ho imposed. and the graduation of the print: at the public lands Ihnll he made at an early period of your session. as rerommendeduhe loan for tho prcrent fiscal your may he reduced to sev entucn millions of dollars. The loan may be funher roluced by whnlovcr umounl 0! expenditures can he saved by mililnry cunlrilluliom collcclod in Mexico. The most Hg. orouu monmrel fur the nugmeulnliun of Ihc-gs cun mbulinnu have been directed. and u very cumxder ublo sum u expound from Ihal source. It: unmunl cunnm, however. he rnlmninlcd “ill: any uerlmnly. II is recommended lhnl lho qun lu be made he uu- Ihorizodupnn the same terms. and {or lho sumo lime. nl lhnl which wna nulhorized undur lho pru viaion u! lhe act of the l\\'cnly-eighlh ofJuuuury. 1847 . Should the war with Mexico he continued ttnttl the thirtieth of June. 1849. it is estimated that a forlher’loan of twenty millions five hundred thou sand dollars will he rm]tlitt'tl for tlto fiscal year ens ding on that day. itt care nu ditty be imposed on ten and collee, and the public lands he tint reduced and graduated in price. and no military contribu tions shall he collected in Mexico. lfthe ditty on [do and coll‘ee 110 imposed. and the lands he redu ced and graduated in price. a: proposed. the loan may be rudueeduto vgsevonleen millions of dollars. attd will be subject to he still further reduced by the amoitnl of the military contribution; which u‘nay be made itt Mexico. It is not proposed, however, at present, to ask Congress for authority to negotiate this loatt lor the fiscal year. as it is hoped that the loan asked for the remainder ol.the present lineal year. aided by military contributions which may be collected in Mexico. may he stiflicienr lf, contrary to my expectation. there should be a necessity for it, the fact Will be communicated to Cottgren in time [or their action during the present leuaion. In no e vent will a sum exceeding six million: of dollars at this amount be needed beloro the meeting oftho session of Cuttgreu in December. 1848. The act of the thirtieth ofJuly. 18‘16."reducing the duties on imports." has been in force since the that at December last; and lam gratified to state, that all the beneficial effects which were anticipa ,_ted from 11l operation. have been fully realized.— 'l‘he public revenue derived from custom: during the year ending on the first of December.lB47. exceeds by more than eight tailliens (“dollars the amount received in the preceding year under the operation of the act at [B42.vwhtch was superco ded nnd repealed by it. Its effects are visible in the great and almont unaxnmplod prosperity which prevaill in every bronchof business. While the repeal of the proltibitary attd restric tivedutiea ol the act of 18453. and the lubllllullull in their place at reasonable revenue ratca'levied on articles imported according to their actual val ue. has tncreued the revenue' and augtaentcdruur foraign'trade. all the great interest» at the country have been advanced and promoted.‘ The great and important interestol agriculture, which had been not only too much neglected, but actually taxed under the protective policy for the benefit of othorintercsta, have been relieved ofthe burdens which that policy imposed on them; and our-farmers and planters. under a more just and liberal policy. are linding new and profitable mar~ kets abroadfor their augmented products. Our commerce is rapidly augmenting, and life:- tending more widely the circle oftnternationol ex change: Great as has been the increase of our imports, duties .lhojzizitygur. our export.- awakens: tic products sold in foreign markets have been still greater. \ « a ' ' “Our nnwgming interestic eminently prospbtous The number oi vc‘csels built in the Unilod Bmin: has been greulor than during any prechgng period of equal length. Largo prom. have been derived by those \\ ho hove cunblrucled as well as by iholo' who hnvo nungmcd lhom.‘ Should lho min ’Ol increase in lhonumhor of our morclmnl veuol- be progressive. and be no great for the .luturo no dur. ing this past year, iho limo ll not diulnm when opr tonnage and commercial Inuriuo Will bu larger Ihnn lhnl'ofony olher notion in lhe'world. ' , Whilst lho "Moro-l of agn'culluto. ol pommcrco. nml of navigation hnvo bcox'r enlarged uud‘invigor med, it is highly ug'nufying 1o obaeifvo that our inunufnclu‘res are also" in u prllsper‘oua gondindn. Nono.of Iha‘rulnouu 'cfl‘ocu upom ihig‘jmeron. which‘wero npprohond'éa [by gum. as the result of [he opcrnlion orthorovohuo system éunhliuhed 'by' the uL‘lof 18461 havq boon expe‘rleu'c‘ud. i F .7. _Op Ehp qo.n}[n[¥,\§hn .ngmbe; of mapuchl‘oribu, u'nd Iho‘pmoumo cap'iml invoalod m lhomku‘sxeay» gily' ; and fluidly finnrtea‘sipg“ ullbrdingi. malifyj'ng hfbujfitgmflmet‘icnn 'enlérp‘riao and akill‘c'mploi'ogl In‘ufl ”f——. I b 3 , adv“ .l’anch .3 ' ma . Ofd" or gel 0 . .butggl iro‘mT?“ (holleaho ind“. . 'rom an"? em?" .’,"erniny “nah-,3. 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I'- ul-citichlSlatiOH oetled ablt Tho lyllcln, uhlmugh sanctioned by lho experi ence ofmher counlrlcl, was onlimly now in the U nde Slnles. und In ausccphblo of |mpmvomenl in some of Na provisions. The Secrelury oflho Trea— wry. upon whom we: dnmlvcd lurga discretionary powers in carrying lhis menauro Inlo elTucl, hu cullcclcd. and in now cullnling, lhe praclicnl results at lho syllom in ulhcr connlnel. where n has long bean cumblllhed. and wdl _repurl nlnn curly ponud of your session such lurlhor n-gulnuonu snggmlcd hy the investigation u: may render it ulill more em-cnve and bcnoficial. By the act to ' provide for lho honor organization oflho Irensnry, and for the qr’ngun, nufc keeping and disbursement oflho pub : revenue. all banks were discontinued ns fiscal agents of the govern ment. and the paper currency issued by them was nolonger permitted to he received in payment 01 public due- The constitutional treasury 'created by this Act went inlo operation on the firstduy of January lest. Under the system established by it. the public moneys have been collected. ssl‘sly kept and dlibuf sed by the direct agency ol’oflicrrs of the Govern ment, to gold and silver; and transfers oi large nmouuls have been made Iroin points oicolleciton to point. 0! disbursement. “‘lliiulll loss to the irensury. or injury or inconvenience to the trade at Iliacountry. While the fiscal operations of the government have been conducted with regularity and care, under this system, it has had a salutary effect in checking and preventing an undue inflstion of the paper currency issued by the banks which exist under State charters, Requiring. as it doe_s.nll dues to the government to be paid in gold and silver, its effect is to restrain excessive issues ot‘ bank paper by the banks disproportion ed to the specie in their vaults, for the re_ason that they, are at all times liable to be called on by the holders 0! their notes for,tlieir redemption in‘ order 'to 'obtain' speciCerr'themsym‘cnt of duties and other public dues. . The baiilts. therefore, must keep their business Within prudent .limits. and he always in n.condition to meet such cells. or run the hazard efbeing compelled to suspend speCto payments. and be thereby tliscredi~ ted. 'l‘he nmountet spocteimported iniotlie United Statesduring the hist fiscal your Was 824.121.289; of which there was retained-in the country $22,276,170.“ llntl ihetormer fitmntiiul system prevailed, untilho ‘ publin moneys been placed on depesite iii bunks. nearly the whole oi'this amount wou d have gonein~ i to their vaults. not to be thrown into circulation by l them, but to be withheld 'irom the hands at the pew 1 pie as e currency. and made the basis of new and. p. ‘ nortnousissucs at bank pnpct‘n. 41079 P'OPOI'IIDD’Df the specie imported ,has been puid into the treasury for public dues. and utter hsvmg been, me great cx~ tont. rot-omed ut‘ihe mint. has been PM] Wl'luflle ‘ public creditors. and gene into Circulation nsn t:ur-_ renoy urnong the people-_ film urnount ol'geld and ‘ silvsrcuinnow‘tn cire leuon ll] the country 13 larger then stony remit! poriodv. i > ' ‘" ‘ ' : _x'l‘no _flnnnciai‘flyswmv established by the constitu ttenel trauuiyiiiqaboen. theater. eminently success: {tit in'iis operations ; Wind! recommend an adherence routine essential fptovisions; and “poor-1w 1°15," wits! proyisionz'whieh wholly separates lhfi-TEOYGVID-i that distant region of country are still left without the protection of our laws, or any regularly organiz ed government. Before the ques tion of limits and boundaries of the territory of Oregon was definitely settled, from the necessity of their condition, the inhabitants had es- tablished a temporary government of their own. Besides the want oflegal author ity for continuing such a govern ment, it is wholly inadequate to protect them in their rights of per son or ploperty, or to. secure to them the enjoyment of the privile ges of other citizens, to which they are entitled under the constitution of the United States. They should have the right of suffrage, be rep resented ina territorial legislature, and by a delegate in Congress; and possess all the rights and privileges which citizens of other portions of the Territories of the United States have heretofore enjoyed or may now enjoy. ‘ Our Judicial. tsetse; revenue levy-s," litws regulating trade and in 4 _tcrcourse :with the Indian tribes, and the protection of our laws'gen erg/Hy, should be extended. over them, ' - i ' . "In additionto the inhabitants in thatterritory who had previously emigrated to it, large numbers 4?" ‘our citizens have followed ,them during the 'prcsem'yea.’~ ; and it" is "0t doubted that du'ringthe‘n’ett and subsequent yearstheil‘ numbers \ will be greatly increased.‘:-’ : w. ‘ Congress", '7' at its _ last, 'sessidiig‘iis tablishszd. post't'routes hides-tap?» egonxandflieimen different v: points . withiiiith‘at territory; and’authbrizfi-l
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers