1 BY MOORE & THOMPSON. mmmmsa Tho " DEMOCRATIC BANNER" m pllhhshpd WEekly. on Wednesday morning». at $2 per nnnum —or 81 '75 if paid m ndynncn. No no or t-nn b 0 discominuml (unless: m the on» non oflrxo odimm until all nrrcnmgcs are paid. WAdvgfnsnnmms. &c.. at tho usunl mics. From lhe Washington Union lnlereinng Scenes in the Far Wcsl-nt‘en. Kearney & lhe Army of the West. Extractsfi'om l/uz Journal (szcut. L'm ary of [he Corps of Topograplncal En nears, now at Santa Fe. (Concluded. ) flag. 15.—’lwelve o’clock last night colonel (General Kearney) was uwaked up; and was informed that six hundred men had collected til the pans of the Ve gos, two miles distant, and were to oppo'se his much. In the morning, orders were given to prepare to meet the enemy. At seven the army moved. and just as we made the road leading through the town, Mnjor Swords. of the 3d. and Mr. Dupat joined us from Fort Leavenworth. and presented Col. Kearney with his commis sion in brigadier general in the army of the United States. At 8 o'clock precise ly.‘.he general was in the public square, where he was met by tho nlcnde and peo ple, many of whom Were on hornebnck. (for these people live on horseback.) The general pointed to the top ot one of their houaes. which me all ot one story high. and lint roofed ; and suggested to the ul culde. thnt ithe would go to that place, he and hts tllnfl' would follow, and from that point, “here all could hear and eee him. he Would say to them what he. had to say. This was a wire precaution. lie was thus enabled to Speak so that all could hear and $99.11!”! we were placed out of the reach of difficulty. of which there might have been some danger, as we “ere presu‘d closely in a drnle mass ol people, the disposition of none of which we then knew. The colonel, now Brigadier Genrrnl Kearn)‘, lhen uddrcsaed lhemultitudc. uemly as lolluws: " Mr. Alcnde and people oiNew Mex too: i have come amongst you by the or der of my government, to take posaesgion oi your country. and extend over it the lawn of the United States. \\‘e consrder rt, and have done so tor sometime, a part oi the territory oi the United States. We come amongst you an lriends, not as eno mira ; we come to you as protectors, not as conqueron ; we come amongst you lor your benefit. not for your injury. " Hencelorth l absolve you trom all al legiance to the Mexican government. and {rum all ohedrenee to General Armijo.—~ He is no longer your governor, [great sen sation.] I am your governor. "l ohatt not expect you to take up ar.ne.and follow me. to fight your own people. who may be in arms against me; but I now tell you that those who remain peaceably at home. attending to their crop: and herds. shall be protected by me rn their property. their pr-rrnns, and their religion; and out a pepper or an onion shall be disturbed or taken by my troops, without pay. or without the consent ofthe owner. But listen! he who is lountl in arms against me. 1 will hang. “ From the Mexican government you have never received any protection. The Apache: and the Navayos come down from the mountains and carry all your sheep and your women “henever they please. My government will correct all 11118. They Will keepotl'the lrrdtane. pro tect you in your persons and property, and I repeat Again, will protect you in your religion. I know you are all good Cathollcs. and that some of your prreats have told you all sorts of stories; that we would ,polluteyour women. and brand them upon the check as you do your mules uponthe hip. it or false. My govern ment respeels your religion asrouchasthe Protestant religion. and allows each man to worship hia Creator as his heart tells him is best. Her laws protect the Catho lic as well as the Protestant. the _weak as well at; the strong. the poor as well as the rich. lam not a Catholic myself ; l was not brought up in that faith; but at term ,one-third ol the army are Catholics. And I respect a good Catholic as much aria [good [lrotestanh There goes my army! You see butra small part of it. There are ,many more behind; .Resiatanco is use less. 3 " Mr- Alcnlde. and you two . captains of militia,‘ the “IWS o'. “my. countryxrequirc that all men whoholtl-ofliceundcrit. shall take the oath of allegiance. I do'not wish for the present, untilthings get settled, to disturb your; mode. of government. ”you are prepared to take thoonth of allegiance. I shall continue you in office and support your authonty.” , - ' This was a bitter pill, but swallowed, tho discontented captain looking close down‘to bio toes, The generul remarked to hid, iohearingof all the people: “Cap tnin. look main the face while you repeat tho oath at office! The hint was under; stood; the oath ud‘ininisteréd ; the gener al pronounced the'mlcnlde, and two cap tnins‘ntill ‘in ofiice, and called upon all the .citizeus to obey the 'nlcalde. &c. The pedplo grinnedy and exchanged looks of -utlufn¢tion ; but seemed not ‘to have the boldness, to oxprepq .u‘hnt. they _‘ex'iqlcngly , , * . . ,r' v \ , ‘-. , ‘ > ‘ I I ~ ‘ . 77 "x a in; .: fl . "L; .’ ‘ 1" I V" -' > ‘ ' .q,‘ ‘. . 7 , » ‘ ‘9... ' - fl. 15.}. > ' ' ' ~' ' ' ~. .372 91.: .21 v: . V w. ‘ l I» -I.' '3 25..“ :- " 51‘; '4‘ '1 'x ' "3; " ' .‘ fV. ' u ;.~ , ‘ ‘ ”3 ~i a”: '3‘ ..,". I. , ~ . , ‘ , “ ‘ . _ ' 4," at ~ , :Ith 13‘ , 51!; 353‘, . f :- . $1531 I» " ; fig? Mb” I , . r... w. . v f ‘ felt. that their burdens, if not relieved, were at least shifted to some ungelled part of the body. ”“ . We descended by the' same rickety ladder by which we climbed to the top at the houses. mounted our horses. and rode briskly lerwnrd to encounterour6()o Mex: icons in the gorge of the mountains, two miles distant. The sun shone with day.- zling brightness. the guidons and colors at each t-qumlron, regiment and battalion were, for the first time unlurled.. The drooping horles neemcd‘ to take pluck from the guy array. thetrumpeters sounded ‘ to horse’ with unusual spirtt. and the hills multiplied and re-echoed the cull. All looked like a gala day; and us we approached the gorge where the fun was expected. the aenernl broke into a brisk trot. then intoa full gallop. prece ded by n squadron of horse. He kept clme to their heels. The gorge was pas rted, but no 600 Mexicans were there 3 One by one the, guiduns were turled,‘ the men looked tlisuppOinted, and a low min‘ utes found us dragging our ‘ slow length along' with the usual indilierence to eVory subject except that of overcoming Space. Two miles farther brought us to nnoth er pass us lnrtnidable us the first; and the entire intermediate cnuttlry wns broken, and covered with a dense growth of pine. pinon. and cedar. The mountains nuw begin to rise. to the height 01 a thousand leet above the road. Nine miles brought us to Solcolate, “here we met the nlcalde and people in the cool and spaciuni apartments of the (Drum, where a repetition of the drama was again ennctcd. This was graced by the presence ul women. with their bare uncles and slippcred feet. Marchr-tl ten mil” further to the vernalsprings; halted at the upper spring. and observed fur time and latitude about 500 feet south of the uppz‘r fipling. Jltlgusl Ill—Martha] to San Miguel. when: the general assembled the people, and paw them much the some hnrnngur‘ nu til the Vegon; but in swearing the poor old nlcaldc lhere was grant difficulty.— llaalionor hesitated. (ulterell. looked at the priest, who held down his lll‘flll and refused to respond In his enquiring looks; the general was pertinacious. As we were ascending the ladder. the priest—a famous man in this country ; {a mous for hi 3 love of cards, women. and wine—stopped the general to engage lnm in n dificuusion on the merits of lhe ques tion ol inVrlSlon. He said a great deal that was exceedingly silly and out of place.— The general told him so very sharply he lure all his people. Sinner, as he is, his heltl upon his flock is firm nod unyield mg. The repartee ol the general floored him completely. and made some of his ponr de luded flock lunkraghast. He had previ ously invrted the general to his quarters. Being in our route, wc halted. The gen‘ eral told him that he and all hi: broiltul— hood wet" laborim: under a great mistake with regard to the intro/ions ofthe Amer ican government in respect luhiu religion; that there was not the least intention ol disturbing it, or any 01 its right» and priv ileges; but it he found any of them stir ring up the people to rebellion. he \vnuld not let the priest’; robe stand between the offender and the rope. This. by the way, he mentioned in his speech to the people, while the priest was made to stand by him in full VIC“? ol the mass below, "is reverence saw the sort of person he had to deal with, and dieclaimed any mischievous intentions. This through, he displayed his Tans brandy, which we drank. The general crat ked severaljokm With him. and finally took leave. by u cor dial embrace and mutual assurance of friendship. Reports now met us, at every step. that the people were rising, and that Armijo wan collecting a lormidable lorco to up pose our march, at the celebrated pass of the canon. lilteen miles from Santa Fe.— About the middle of the day’s march. two Puebla Indiana, previously sent in to sound the chief men of that lnrmidable tribe. were seen in the distanceyat full speed. wtth arms and legs both thumping Into the sides 0! their mules, at every stride.— Something was- now in the wind {or cer tain. 1 . - The smallest and foremost of the two, (lashed up to the general, his face rndiant with joy. and exclaimed: ‘ They are in the canon. my brave! pluck up your cour. age. and push them out.’ llig extravagant delight at ,sceing the prospect of a light. and the pleasure of communicating it. by and by subsided, and he then gave the general It pretty accurate‘idca of Armijo‘s lorce and his position. He further told him, thn't the. ,Rncblas “Lore with the army there. by Armijo’s orders ; that they came voluntarily. and that he mightwly upon their assurance that at the first lire. eve ry Puebla would throw down his rifle. his bow. arrowyand sling. and come over to him. (General Kearney.)- The genernlyitold him thatthnt was nll very well; bnt‘lhat he should like to see. that ni‘glitrsor'ne of the head chiefs, and he wished him to go back and brmgthem out. Thebrnvélittle fellow at once assented, but his; comrade relused; from fear that Armijo 'would catchland hang him. ‘ . ' The road passed over today was gpod, but the facu‘ of "the. coun‘trygexceedingly than“! ; and .zhrolsswsi coterctl-._lmtll. 'pinlon. C'LEARI-‘IELD, PA. NOVEMBER 13.1846 and cedar. T 0 the left, at one or two milcsdistunt, towers a wall nearly perpen dicular, 200 test high. apparently, level on the top, and shuwing. nu near as I could judge. lrom the mud, an immense stratum of red sandstone, capped by puddinzstone and limestone. The road was red with die disintegrated sandstone. We turned from the road to thy creek where there were :Ich ranchus. (0 uncamp, at which place We‘passed an uncomlu‘rtable night; the water being hard to reach, and the glazing very bad. .‘lugust 17.-"—-—The picket guard. sta tioned (m the road. captured the sun ul Salim, who, it is Milli, is to play the putt in this country that Zumtlicarnguay did in Spain. The sun was at San Miguel yes terday. and heard from n concealed place. the genoral's harangue. It Is supposed. at this time. he was examining the posi tion. ntrength. &c. of our army, to report it. to hll lather. ' A ruinorhas reached camp that 4.000 Mexicans assembled in the canon, have quarrclled amongst themselves; that Ar miji). taking advantage of the tlisfit‘flfilnns. “ed with his tlragoons and nrtillt'rf [0 ll"? soutlt. He was long suspected of wishing an excuse to fly. It was known that he was averse to It battle; butsnim- oi his people threatened his life iihe failed to fight. He has been. for some days. more in lear of his own people than the Ameri can army. He sees what they have luiled to see—thehopelessness of resistance.— Every anoranca has been given htm by the general, it he quietly surrendered. he. would protect him in his person and pro perty; but it is quite evident he iears' the penalty of his long mipgorernmcnt. As we approached the ruins ol the tin cient town of Pecos. a large lat fellow came towards us at full swing, and exten ling his hand to the general. congratula ted him on the arrival of himsell and ur‘ my. He said, “ith a roar ril laughter, "Ar'nijo and his troops are gone to hell, and the canon is tlll Clear!" This “‘th the alcalile of the settlement, ttv'o tuiiL'h up the l’i-cos liom the ruim. where m encampeil—lji' miles from our last camp. and}! miles irurn the road. Pecos, once a fortified town, is built on a promontory of rock, something the shape ol a tort. Here burned. until within the last seven years, the eternal fire at Mon tezuma; arid the remains of the architec ture exhibit. in a potntcd manner, the en» graltinent of the Catholic church upon the ancient religion of the country. At one end of the blunt spire forming the terrain ous oi the promontory, are the remains of the cloth, with all its parts distinct ; at the other, are the remains of the Catholic church—both showing the distinctive marks and emblems peculiar to tire two religions. The fires iron the stud} burn ed and sent its incense through the same altars from \\ltich was preached the reliv gion ol Christ. Two religions so utterly dill'ercnt in theory, were here, as in all Mexico, blenJi-d in harmonious practire, un'il, about a century since. the 10\'v'n\'.'tl‘i s:ttlti::l by the t‘ia'utiiioe li.ii.tl of Indians. Amidst all the havoc oi plundering the city, the laitliful Astek managed to keep ht: li'e going in the stnila,arid it wascou tiiiurd until. a lew years since, the band become almost extinct. Their devotions rapidly diminished their numbers, until they became so few as to be unable to keep going their immense atull'a, toriy lett in diameter, when they abandoned the place, and joined a tribe of the original Montezuma race, over the mountains, tl - sixty miles south. There to this day. it is said, they keep their tire. which has never yet been extinguished. The labor and watchtulness. and expo sure to treat. required. is fast diminishing this remnant ol the Montezuma race ; and a lew years will see the end of this inter ‘esting people. The sketches will give a tnuclt more ac ‘ curate description than can be written oi ltlie remains of the modern church, with i its crosses. its cells. its dark and mysteri ous cornicea antl niches. where many a maid sighed out her corilessions. The ar chitecture of the tnodern church difl'ers but little from those ol the present day in New Mexico: that of the Astek part oi the ruins presents many peculiarities wor thy ol notice. Boll) are constructed of the name mute riala: me walls at sun-dried brick. (heral lcrs 0| well-haw" umbur._ which could ne ver have been hewu by the miserable lit tle axes now used by the Mexicans. which resemble in shape, and size. the wedg'u used by our furmeri for splitting rails.— l‘he corners and drops of the arcluteclure. in the modern church are elabormaly car ved With a knife. 'l‘n-niglit ‘wux Joun'd excellent grass on the Rio Pecos; Sbrens: of the ruins. Here is situated the modern village of Pecos, with a very inconsideruble population.— To-niglit there is n l'nndungo, a mile and a half from camp ;, but n‘uxibus as I am to race this dance, the threatening appearance; of rain deterred me from going. ,Iflugust 18.-—We are this morning 29 miles from Santa Fe. Reliable inlorma tio’n tram four ur five different sources, reached camp yesterday. grid the _day' be fore, that dissensiom lm‘d‘fill‘isén‘in Armi jo’o camp, and that his army was dispe‘rs ed, and him’selffled to the south. carrying with him his .artillcry ahdfil‘flo. dragoouu, Nata. lioalilc; title, or am’m‘ mummy be— =9 moon the army and Santa Fe. the capital of New Mexico; and the genern! deter mined to make the march in one day. and raise lhe Unitqd States flag over the phl ace before sunldown. New horses arid mules were ordered for the artillery‘ and every thing was braced up for in forced much. The distance was not great, but the road was bad, and the horses on their last legs. A small detachment was sent ahead at day-break. and at 6 the army followed.— Four or five miles hum old Pecos the road leads intn a canon. with ltlllS on each side from 1,000 to 2.000 leet above the road, and in all cases within cannon, and in ma ny crises, point blank musket shot, which continues until within 12 or [:3 miles at Santa Fe. ' Filteen miles from Santa Fe. we came upon the position deserted by Armijo. It is a gateway, which. in the hands at a skil— tul enemy and 100 resolute men. would be perfectly impregnuble. Had the position been defended with n ny decency. the general would have turn edit by a road which branches to the south six miles from I’ecos, by the way of Gulis teo. Armijo’g arrangements for defence were very ulefrctive. His nbattis, :u placed behind the gorge some 100 yang, by which it is evident that he intended that the gorge should be passed bctore hia fires were 0‘ pcnod. This done. his batteries would have been carried without difficulty. Before we reached the canon, the noon halt was made, in a valley covered “I”! the nntive potato. It was in full bloom. The fruit was notquite so large as u wren’s l egg. As we approached the town, it few struggling Mexicans came not, all opening their eyes. in search lor the general, who, with his staff, was clad so plainly that they passed us. Another officer and myself were sent down 'torxplnrt- the [Jr-road. lor ishnrt distance, hv “hich At'tiiijo fled.— On nllt‘ return to the main road we saw two Mexicans. one the acting secretary oli state, in search of the general. They had allonetl him to pass unobserired. \thn Wt: pointed the way they broke ullin ll lull run. their hands and feet keeping time to the pace of their rings. “'9. lollUWctl. in a shtirp trot, and, as we thought. at n res pectable distance. Our astonishment was great. to find as they wound through the ravine. and through the open well-grown pine tree forest, that they did not leave us perceptihly. “Certainly they are in a full run. nnil :is certainly, we tire only in It trot,” we both exclaimed. I supposed we were under some delusion. and turned to my servant to see the pace at which he was going—and. said he, "them 'Mexicaii horses made ti mighty great doing to no purpose.” That was the fact. With their large crual bitts. they harass their horses into n gait which enables them to gallop very long without losing sightot the starting place. The mung secretary brought a lettet lrotn the lieutenant governor, informing the general of Arniijo's flight, and of his readiness to receive hint 11l Santa Fe. and to extend to him the liospitnlities of the city. He was quite a youth. and dressed in the lnshion ol the Americans. ”l’fl‘, all persons from the United States are called flmrricmms, and the nnme is cxlrmled In no other race on (he conti- EMI 'l'u-dny’s umrch was very lulmus and vcxullous. \Viahing to enter Santa Fe in an Imposing hum, lrequent halts were made to allow lhc arHHety lo come up.— Thelr hotscn were on their last legs; and during the day, mulc aher mule was pln ced UK'HH'B the guns, unlll scarcely a horse was left. 'l'he head of the column arrived in sight of the town about three :——it was six be fore the rear came up. Vigil, the lieuten ant governor. and twenty or thirty oi the people at the town. received‘us at the PA |ace. The genera! addresses them in u speech little dttierent in substance, but much in manner, which was conversation al, from that at the Vegas and San Mi guel. \Ve were then asked to purtuke of wine and brandy. of domestic manuiac lure. It was from the Pause del'Norte. We were ton thirsty to judge of its mer its. Any thing liquid and cool was pul atable. During the repast. and as the sun was setting, the United States flag watt twisted on the palace ;; and a salute oi 13 guns fired lrom the artillery that was left on an eminence overlooking the town. The ceremony ended. the general and his staff were invited to supper at Captain Hortises, a Mexican gentleman, once in the army. The supper was served very much alter the manner of a French din ner. one dish succeeding another. in end less succession. A bottle of good wine irorn the Passe del Norte. and a lonfof bread were placed near each plate.‘ We had been from 5 in the morning without eating, aud endless as were the dishes, more endless still were our appetites- We returned to the place, where .we .found Mr. Thruston an American. With an invitation to another supper. at the cel ebrated Madame 'l'u‘ln’s. This is A lady who has umh‘ssedgn lnr'ge fortune hEré and it'Chihuuhua, by’ gambling and other ac complishments. ‘ A few of us went down. We found the lady a little passe. but'by far we most vivacioug and intelligent Mex; icun we had yet~acon. ‘ l Wished to'nmkn‘ observations; and, after grnlifying ‘my'cu- NEW SERIES-«VOL. 1. NO. 39---WH'O‘LE 'No..l'_oa7. riosity by a survey of her spacious and well-furnished halls. I returned to my quarters, where I found'my'people all so much lagged that l determined to follow their example and go to bed. The room assigned me was Very close and‘ disagree able, and\l hatl my blankets moved to the pia7.’l.a,’Wl ere l slept till the sun'was high in the heavens, and horses, mules, and' l men had been trampling around and_ahobt~' l me for some hours. . '13:" ; Jlugust ISM—Received an" siftié'lf‘db' make a reconnotsance of the tbwn', at“! he‘ lect a site fort. assisted by Lieut. thmer' of the engineers. 'lhis occupied me dili gentlvon the Ith and 20th, and on the' _glst 'the general was furnished with the map, a copy of which is sent to the Adju tant General. and another to the topogra phical bureau. I The site selected. and marked on the maps. is within 600 yards of the heart of' the town, and is from 60 to 100 lect above lit. The con/our of the ground is unfav orable for the trace of a regular work; but being the only point which commands the l entire town, and which is itself comman: lded by no other; we did not hesitate to re } commend ii. The recommendation was japproved by the general, who viewed it in person. On the 22d we submitted a com plete plan of the work. which was also ap. proved. and a copy of which will hereaf— ter be forwarded to the department. It is computed for a garrison of 280 men.— lts irregular shape is the natural conse quence of the ground; and. estimating its merits, due contideration must be given to the objects in erecting it. It is to be a. magazine of ammunition, and a citadel in case of extremities. into which afew troops can retreat, and hold at bay. until help ar rises. a large number ofan opposing force. But the chief object which its imposing position trill doohtless achieve is the moral ellect over a feeble and distracted race. who are now. since our capture"'of their artillery. without a single gun. Their own iguns will be chteliy used to garrison the tlnrt: and with them every house in Santa Fe could be leveled on the least appearance of revolt. On the 23d the work «as com menced with a Small force, and on the 27th, the requisition being complied With. I set to work 100 laborers. detailed from the soldiers of the army. and on the 31“. thirtyvune Mexrcan brick-masons were ad ded. which will form the permanent force until the work is completed. It being determined to send an express to the States, on the 25th inst. I recom menced to project and plat my maps of the route of the army of the West, that the government might have at once the benefit of my labors. This was a bold undertaking—to compass in a few days the work of months. .My astronomical ob servations were brought up from day to day as We progressed on the march. with out which the undertaking would have been impracticable. We all worked day and night, and with the assistance ol sev eral gentlemen of the volunteers I succee ded-tn accomplishing the undertaking. not. however. in a very satisfactory way, as the accompanying letter to General Kearney. forwarded by him with the express. Will show. Should this journal ever appear. that letter will form partv'of- it,rtntl explain whatl have here stated more fully. I am now preptring. at more eusepti'd with more care. another trace of my maps. which. together Wliii my additional obser vations for the position of Santa Fe. the lunar observations at Bent's Fort. which confirm, tn the most satisfactory manner. my chronotnetric determinations, antl the altitude of each camp and place of note. will be forwarded direct to the bureau by an express which leaves here on the sth or 6th of September. ' Events at the palace now begin to crowd upon each other in quick succession ; but my duties keep me so constantly occupied to my office and in the field, they will not be chronicled in regular order, or in much detail. ' 0n the morning of the 19th the general assembled all the people at the palace. and addressed them in about the aanielanguage as at Vegas; the principal dillercnce be ing. that‘he notified all those whnwere dissatisfied with the new order of things, they had full liberty to quit the country without molestation. Thu next day the -chiels and head men of the Pueblo Indi ans came in to give in their adhesion. and to express their great satisfaction at hts arrival. This large and formidable band are amongst the best and most peaceable Cili'Lenl of New Mexico. Theyr early alter the conquest. embraced the forms of religion and the manners anti customs ol their then more civilized masters—lhe Spaniards. ‘Their intervuew was long and interesting. They expressed what’lw'as a tradition among them. that the”wliitemao would come from the Far East. and r'tr leaso them from the hands and shackles which the Spaniards have imposed. not in the name. but in a worsé' form than slave ry. r They, and the numerous: halt-breeds. in whose veins flow théir blood. are our fast friendl now and forever.- Three hundred. years of oppression and injustice bay/é fail ed to extinguish in this race the recoll'q'c: tion that they were once the pea'ceable' dnd" inoflensive masters of tile'co‘untry. The ' day of rctrib'utiml has now 'co'mo, and théyf time their revenge. ‘ ' . 2' f / 'l‘hexunmc afternoon, just us twilighfiyd ' ':--./i“\ {3
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