~,~0,~~.,i*._ American branches ol' the title of the 'Uni- called the 'l'ilgrit‘ri‘s, by Samuelfurehase. t'ed States.” The undersigned cannot for. This account was received limits they‘lim bear to congratulate himsell‘uptm the fact. of Fuca hittiSelf’atr‘Venicc. in April. 3.596;. that a gentleman of M". l’nkonllnm’s ac; by Michael Lock, a highly rfiesticclnble knovltetlgerl ability has NP"- rEduced to English'tncrchant, _ ' the necessity ot ft‘_l3.'i.llg.(‘hll'ny upon such During a long period -thts Voyage was _ a'suppoi't'lor’ sustaining the lSri islt p're- considered fabuloui, because subsequent * 'tenstons. Slated Intuit-l. the argument is navigators had in_J ain attempted to find lb.i's.llle American tltlelis out good against’ these straits. Finally, alter they had been , G‘tfé'nt‘fitita‘iln, because inconsistent with found,‘.it was discovered tltat tlte descrip , thafiqffii'atn; artdthe S'psniiir title is- not tiohs of de Fut’a corresponded so accur “on egalitifstfireat Britain, because inconfi nte'ly with their geography, and the facts silsll‘énitqwrtlttlrat’ol the United States.— presented‘by nature upon theygrouod that Tito-undersigned had espectcd something it was no, longer possible to consider his lat; di’fletent from, su’c‘h an argument in a narrative as labulous. It is true that the circle:l jj He‘ha’d [anticipated that the Brit- opening of the straits from the south lies ish.’|tlenipote‘titiary would have attempted between the 43th and 49th parallels at In to"prove'that"spain had no right to the titude. and ‘not between the 47th and 48th northwestern coast of AmeriCa ; that it parallels. as he had supposed ;‘ butthis was vacant and unappropriated ; St hence, mistake may be easily t'Xplnlnl'll by the under the law of nations. was, open to dis; tnuccuracy so common throughout the six covcry, elplorutioh. and settlement by all teentlt century in rtscertatning the latitude nations." But no such thing. 'On this vi- of placrs in newly discovered countries. tel point of his case. he rests his argument . It is also true that do Fucn. alter pass solely on the declaration made by thenn- tng through these straits, supposed he had de‘rs'igncd. ‘thatflthe title of the Unttcd reached the Atlantic, and had discovered States to tli'e'valley oi the Columblu was the passage'so long and so anxiously srr‘t 90tl¢6l18nd complete |)efore the treaties oi after between the too oceans ; but from joint bccupation of Octoberwtfilh, and the total ignorance and misapprehension 'Aufiuit'lB27,‘and before the date own? which pterailrd at that early day of the Flurida’treaty. in 1819. But the British geography ot this portion ol North/Ameri plenipotentiaty ought to recollect that this ca, It was natural for him to believe that title‘ was asserted to be complete not a_- he had made this important discoverv. gainst'Sp'ain, but against Great Britain; . Justice has at length been done'to his that'tlle Largutnc‘nt was, conductednrot a memory, and, these straits which he tits gsinsta Spanish, but a-Briti’sh plcnipoten- covered. will, in all future time, hear his tiar'y; and that the United States, and not name. Thus. the merit of the discovery Great Britain, represent the Spanish title. ol the straits ol Fuca, belongs to Spain ; And; further, that the statement from and this nesrly‘two centuries before they which he ‘extracts these declarations was had been entered by Capt. Berkclv. under almost exclusively devoted to proVe. in the Austrian ting. ‘ the languageguoted by the British pleni- it is aunt-cessary lo tletnii the i‘liscove. p’otcrjtis‘ry himself, that‘“Spaini’nad a good ries of the Spaniards as they regularly [lll litle,'ah’sgainst,Great Britaitr,to thé tvholc vanced to the north trom the settlements of tho Oregon territory!” The Undersign- on the western coast of Nam, America ed‘liaa'neverms lie-before observed, insti‘ "until we‘rrncli the voyage of Capt. Juan taunt a comparison between the American Perez, itr 1774. That navigator has com and'thti'SpaVriish lilies. llolding’ both— missioned by the viceroy of Mexico to (Willggll perfect rtgh't' to rely opon both, proceed, in the. corvette Santiago, to the “Tether jointly or Iseparstely—he has. (3,ch degree of north latitude, anti from strongly, asserted each of them in their that point to‘-exsmrne the coast down- to turm-‘tull‘y‘ persuaded that either the one Meatcu. He sailed from San Blas on the or the’fother is good sgain'stGreat Britain; 25th January. 1774. In the performance and"that no; human Ingenuity 'can matte 'ol this commission,- he landed first on the thb‘Spanish‘vtitle. now ‘vested in, the Uni- _uorthwest_cosst of Queen Clrsrlott’s Isl tedf’SttitEe, worse than'it would have been and,‘near the 54th degree of north latitude; ha'd’it rcmsi'ried'in the bands of Spain. l. a; thence proceeded-south along the shore ",Br’iéfl"'to illustrate and enforce- that ti ohhst‘island and that ol the ‘groat islands tie.‘shall’_be"the remaining task of the em ol Qusdra and Vsnrouver; and then along derfiig'nedfi ' ' ’ y ‘ ' the coast of the'corrtinent until he reached hailfitn' the first ' "place, Ire cannot but 'Monterey. . He ‘went on shore, and held command the 'frankness and candor of the intercourse with-the natives at several' pla— Britiih‘b’le‘nipetentiary’ ‘in departing from ces ; and especially at the entrance ot‘a thd’dburs‘i'ol his predecessors;- and reject- bay in lulllude 49d degreest Which l“? w" ing‘iill-idiscoveries previous to those at led Port ‘Saa Lorenzo-Ame same- now Gapt‘ain-‘Cuokfin the‘year 1778, as fo’un- known by the name of Noutka Sound.’ - tlit'tioni of British title". Commencing lvith In addition to the journals of this voyage, discoveryat ‘aperiod so late, the Spanish which render 'the lactjtrcorrtestible, m thin-onthe score-ot'antiqu'ity. presents a have the high authority of Barotr tlumbott strdag'i contrast to that of Gran Britain. in Its favor. 'l‘h'at distinguished traveller. Tfio‘utidersigned.h'ad stated“ a historical who had access to-tlte manuscript do‘cu anti-"striking fact, which must have an mehtsin the city of Mexico, states that itl'tp‘ot‘tl'nt bearing against the claim 01." Perez and-his pilot Esliven Martinez, - Gréfl‘ntitsiri,'thst this convention; [tow ten the port of San Blair on the 24m ot Neotk'tl)"'Which‘vras'd'rctated by“ her to January. 1714. on the 9th of Aug Lust Spilnfifititittiids n’o provision impairing the "dry anchored (the first of atl"-Europ an o tiniatti‘iovereignty'whtch that power hall navigators) in“Noollta road, which they aifiértéd'fm nearly three' centuries "ever called ttie l’ortof Ssn‘Loren-Lo’n'nd which tfieW/helb'w'estern side ol North America theillustrious Cook-Jaunted" aflerwardS. till fn’ North as the 61st degree ol'ls’titude called King George’s Sound.” - .. a'n'di‘svh‘ich h‘s’d’neve'i-‘been' seriously ques‘ In_ the next year (t 775,) the Viceroy of ttoned'by'sny European nation. 'l‘his‘had Memo againjitted out the Santiago, un beriir'maintaihed by Spain with the most der the command at , Bruno lleceto. with eigtlant-jetalou'iy‘ever stn'cq'the discovery Perez;‘h'er'formar commander, as ensign, otjthe American continent.‘ and had been and also a schooner, culled‘tho Sonoro, s‘flpriescc‘d; in“by‘"al'l= European governa con‘rmsnded by Joan Francisco do to Do. me‘flts‘. 'lt’h‘sd been admitted even beyond dogs y Quadra.‘ 'A'l‘hese vessels were com tlld’ll’tiludo"'bf-54'40 noith. by Russia, mtinoned to examine the northwestern llr’eti'thwénlfpoweiV lraving'claims which coast of‘ America as tar as the 65th dso' can. intonation with'spain'; and' that,' gree'ol‘ latitude. 'énd sailed in company toti."ttn’det"~n sovereign peculiarly tenth tram-San Blas on the 15th March, 1776. ci‘oh‘s dfithe territorial. 'ri‘ghts'ot her"étn- ' lt ts unnecesaaryxto enumerate the dif pipfiyxzfv r. :..f'=‘fiw..z '_ a - '- t'erettt places on-thc coast examined by ”'Th’ese" historical tsets'had'not been. as these navigators,~ either in company or they‘COuld-hrofbe', co'ntroverted'by the Separately. Suffice it to say. that they Britiih plenipotentiar'y.although they were landed at many places on the coast trunt even quoted t? him with approbation, for the 41st to the 57th degree of latitude. on the ptlrp'otte'b showing tbe'incon'sistency all ot which occasions they took possession ol‘tthq’rdeveral‘ titles held by the United of the country in the name of their sover fihté'lr: In the language of Count Fernan eign, according to a prescribed regulation. IdotNun‘e'z, the Spanish ambassador at Pa- celebrating mass, reading-declarations as rib; lo Mido M'onttnori'n, the Secretary at setting the right of Spain to the territory, ,the'f'ora'i‘gn Department at France, under and erecting crosses with inscriptions to thine! June 16th; 1700'. ‘ "By the treai commemorate the event. Borne at these (tagit‘emnl’hllom- takings of possession, crosses were afterwards lound standing bv and the most tlecid‘ed,‘ acts at sovereignty British navigators. ‘ in relation to thes'e ege‘rciscd'by the r.Spaniards in those sta- voyages, Baron l-lumbolt says: “In the tides tromth'e reign ot‘Ch’arles H. and au- tollowing year, (1776, alter that of Peru.)i tttbriied-by that monhrch'. -in'-»1692,' the a second expedition set out from San Blas,‘ 'or'igiastveucher-s for-fwhich shall be bro’t under the command at llccete, Ayala, (omardin-the-‘cowse ol’ theanegotiatihns. end -Quadra. tleceta discoVered the ittuthocoast'to-the. north'ot the Western. mouth at tho—Rid Columbia; called it the Antefihmon'th‘ts‘rside'ol ' the South rich as. Eotrada do l‘lecora; the peak organ J“. Far-bl beyond ‘whatlil called-Prinewd/Vil- crnto,~ (MountrEdgecnme near Norfolk l‘ismfs‘Sound, smear; in‘the Gist degree} Bay. and the tineport ol Bucareli. l pos '_~i3‘*l.cknotvtedgedgto belohg=exclusittely to seat too very curious small maps. engr‘a "Spain.” '3 ' 'l’ -' «» ~; ~1: . ved "I 1738. intthe city'ol Mexico, which "'n'Cpmpared svit'li'tlris syn-ciEnt claim of giVethe bearings of the coasttrom'the 27th 'Splto,.ecquicsced~.inv by all European na- to the 68m" degree '0! latitutle,r “they .ttonm lorrcehturies, thef clai'm‘ot‘ 'Great were discovered iii the eXpeditiou of the -B_rtt'ain'.;l'ountletl,on‘discoveries common! Qu'adra." ‘ - - , cetl at sedate avpe‘riodias-"the‘year 1778, In the lace of» these income-stable facts, @9959“! an untdvorable- first impres-i ~the British plenipotentiary says “that Cap. molds—lHs l' :‘ . . r' *4 " . '~tain Cook most also be considered asthe rwashoutydon’stderedutlte. Northwest coast? discover olNoolks Sound, in consequence ohAmertcatas:ex’clu'slvcly'her town;- She, of'tlis want at authenticity, in the alleged ;'d.rd pathsénd :outxriexpeditions- to expttiref previousdtscovery ot:tlrat port by Perez.” .that,cosst.~for Athe‘p‘urpose ot rendering -An‘d yet: Cook did-not sail virom England :hertttle mOIQ‘VfiIIIIJA-JWhen il'frlttitedhlrer ‘tth ..,-the- This July,’ 1776-«nuarl‘y two own itnlerfols Silo fitted tbutfiuclr'cXpedi-‘i yearsalterrl’srezhad‘made‘this‘discovery; (geneticidtscovyry to ascertain. the. chartiég' The chief robjectmhflbok’o“ voyager, .wn‘a'. tEF-fifld s3Bool'bf‘.,h°"'¢°wn territory; 10ml” Athfl'dilcm'ei'ydofoa.northwestrpassage; and :Tyrit'rhern.dlflcovertéaualolttl"[hat coast are he never landed at anypointoftlro conti-. Jafimaliierkillhn.‘holfllallth‘Brli‘ifihsj" , .nent southetiNootka":-Seundi ,Jl‘iwme - . That Jasmdancat-WG'FW "I tlwfiser: thatfin counting'along the continent betore‘ vice.uf'_Spatn. .tn.‘-159.2.:.d|3C0Veretl and 'horea'cbad thinnplacephahad'obser 'ed =3“le WIQII-Ebrlheitllm" no\V"bearrng'r MB; ’CapeFlattcryi. butthe tvaB;entirly.ig' or‘ Inatneptrom.ttsgsouthern' to. t”. "Grille!" 'e‘x' am! that this was: the southern entrant: oi *"emilxlfiml’“‘9qu‘°‘“‘-“”d‘i’Y‘il'“"P‘hhi "‘6 ,ltretts ol.Fuca.:, In lrisjournal lies I ,passageg,:nnilotrgz‘n'.admils,olrarreasouablo mitsrtlmtne traditionalFsome'rscoount- f vdaubtJé'An _Accr»unt_.-ot;;.this‘ voyager-was the Spanish. 90‘ "-. ' ' _ , , , - - . .. . _ . . l . , Jagesot 1774 ..andt.}7.7s. pu.hltshc'd,in;.lbondpn In 1625, run work: beforerhe left England ;' end'itisibcyoud] question tlrnt,"hetor6'.his 'd‘épnrtnrewnc, counts of the {ruynge‘ol Qua‘dra had bg’cn Imb'isht‘d. both in Mndtid and in_Londun. From Noolkn Sound; Cook did not again see land until he reached the 57th degree of north latitude. In 1787. it is alleged ‘by the British plenipolentia’ty that Capt. Berkely. a Brit iah subject, discovered the straits of Fucn; bat'theqc straits had beeniliscovercd by Juan dc Fuca. nearly two centuries before. Besides, it ther‘c had been any ‘merit in this discovery uul' Capt. Berkcly, it would haw belonged to Austria, in whose service he was, and under whose colors he sailed, and cannot be appropriated by Great Brit am. And here it is worthy of remark. thut these discoveries 0t Cook and Berkeley, in 1778 and 1787, are all those on which the British plenipotentiary- relies. previous to the date of the Nnotkn Sound conven tion, in October, 1790. to deleat the no cient Spanish tltle ,tothe north West coast ol Amerien. i The undersigned will now tnke a posi tion which cannot. in his opinion, be suc resdully nsanilt-d; nn-l‘this is. that no dis covery. exploration or settlement made by Great Britnin on the northwest cnnst ol‘ America, alter the date of the Nontkn Sound convention. end before it was ter minated by the _war of 1796. con he invo ked by that power in tavor of her nwn’ti tle. or agaimt the title ol Spain. Even according tn the British constrUCtinn of this convention. the sovereignty over the territory was to remain in n'beyance dur. ing its continuance, as Well in regard to Great Britain an to Spain. It ivould, there !ote have been no open violation of faith on the part of Great Britain. after having qecured the privileges conlerretl upon her by the convention, to turn round against her partner uml perform any one calcula ted to divest Spuin oi her ultimate sow-r» 'eignty over any portion ,0! the country.— The palpable meaning oi ‘the convention want that during ita continuance the rights of the respective parties, whatever they may have been, should remain just IS they had existed'nt its commencement. The government of Great Britain is not justly chargeably with any such breach of faith. Capt. Vancouver acted without in. structiona In attempting to take possession of the whole northwest coast of America in the name of his'sovcreign. This oflieer, cent on! lrom England to execute the den vemion. did not carry' whh him any aulh ority'w‘vioiue il in this outmgeOus man ner. 'Without this treaty, he wo’uid have been a mere intruder; under it. Great Britain had a' right to make disém‘enee and surveys, not thereby to acquire title, but merely to enable her subjects to select spots the most adv'sntageous, to use the language of the contention, "for the‘ purpose of carrying on their cotnmerre with the natives of the countrv. or"ot' making settlements there." ”this construction of the Nootka Sound convention becnrr'e‘ct—and the undereigm ed does 'not perceive how it can 'be qties tidnedé—‘then‘ Vancouver's paesagéihbukh the audited Fuca. in 1792, and Alexan der szc'kenz'ie’s journey ncrosu'thb' cpmi: nam in 1793, ca'n never bé lransfpraied in~ a ebmenls Mlitle in favor of Grea" B'rilnin But qvnn if the "undersigh‘éti 'couhi bé mistaken jn these positions. it \vouL‘d‘ be easy tq‘ pro‘ée that Capt. Joth‘lendrick‘, in the Americartiloop Washington. paus ed through thd straits oth‘tcn’irt 1789, three years before Cgipt. Vanimuve’r Vpgriornltcd the same Voyagé, 'l‘he my tnq'lruétiévné' to the latter. before he leTt England. in Jan: nary. I.79l,,lrefers to this fact. which had been cdmmun‘igated to' the B'ritibh govern ment by Lieutenant Meares,_who has ren' dered his name tiojnydtorious' by its banned lion with the tran‘sa‘c'tions‘ preceding the Nontka Sound convention. It IS. moreo. verg well known that thg ‘whulo southern division ofthe straits had been explored by the Spanish navigaiors. Elisa :tud Quimper 7thn first in_]7()o, and the latter in 1791. ‘ . After what has been said, it will be per ceived how . little reason the Britialrplcnh potentiary has lo: sta‘ting that his govern ment has, "'B9 far as relates to Vancouver‘u island. as complete a oas_e,o! discovcty, ex ploration, and settlementpas can wallbe presented, giving to Great Britain, in any arrangement that may be made with regard to the territory in dispute,. the strongest possible claim to the exclusive poéuosaiou of that island.”‘ . - , 'l‘hc discoverydhus relied upon is Unit of Nootku Sound. by Cook. in I 778; when it has been tht‘llllms‘lt‘tued,(hut thirfport wag first discovered by l’crex,-in 1774. The cxplornlinn i; that by Vancouver. in passing thtough the straits ul Fora, tn 1792. and examining the counts of the territory in tlirtpulp, when -de Fuca him lell had - paused through them atraih in' 1502, and Kendrick again in 1789; and a complete examination ol the waiter" l coast had been made in '1774 21nd 1775. -.both by Perez and Qundrm As to 1:05- t session; if Memes was -evér actually rea tbred (lo his possessions ntvNootlta-Sound. whatever these may. have‘becn. the‘undcr siguctl'has never seen any evidence of the fact. It istuot to be found in the-journal, of Vancouver, «although this oflicer Wag be‘itt from England for tho'nvovmd purpose of witnulsingsuch n restorat'iim.’ The un 'dursngncd knoivau‘ot whether‘any newunw' , derptnndinggtook plac'c bet-Ween the Brit ish’jntl Spaniah‘govarnmentu on .thta Iluba.‘ tact; but nun-fact is .placerLbe'yand allv ' doubtvthablhe Spaniards continued in the undisturbed ‘p'osirsslon of: Nootk'a Sound until the yemil~796, when they voluntarii ly.,abnndoned..thc place; Great, Britain, has never M‘nnyutitue‘la'inca :‘occupied this I or any: Ulhnr'pouiliiiti Rm ..Vunr;nuver’,s' M and. . 'llhlm'nn-atho acore'oleithcr-discnva ‘ cry. o‘xplo'ritllon, or polsosiion. this islandt smin toib’erthc very! last “pertionc‘of the territory in dispute to ‘which; she bun as? aorta just elnim.‘ y , V“ - In the mean time.‘ the United Staten l were proceeding with the diacoveries'v which served to complete and confirm the Spanish American title to the whole of the diuputed territory. Captain Robert Gray, in June, 1789, in {the sloop \‘Vnshington. first exploredthe whole eastern coast at Queen Charlotte’r inland. " ' In the autumn of the snme your. Capt. John Kendrick—having in the menu time surrenderul the command at the Colum bm to Captain Grey—sailed. ns‘hns been already stated, in the sloop Washington, entirely through the ntrnits of Fuca. _' In 1791. Captain Gray returned to the North l’ucdie in the Columbia; and in the summer of that year, examined many at the inlets and puasuges between the 54th and 56th degrees ‘of latitude. which the undersigned considers. it unnecessary to specify. 031 m: 71h May. 1799. he discovered un<l_ehtcrcd Buifinch’i hm'bur.'where he remained at anchor three «lays, trading with the Indians. 0n the 14th May. 1792, Cnp‘tain Gray entered the mouth of the'Cotumbia. and completed thudiscuvery 6! that grent river. This river had beén long sought In min by funny navigators. Bulh Menres and Vancouver. alter examination. had denied its existence. Thus in thé world indebt- L‘tl to the enterprise, pcrscvetnncc,und intelligence of an Afnerican captmn of in trading vessel for their first knowledge of this. the grenlcqt riv‘cro‘n the western coast of America—n river whose head spring-t flow from the gorges ofthe Rocky tiiuutitain's. and whose branchea extend from the 42d‘to the 53d parallels of lati tude, This was the lust and most impor tant discovery on the comet. and has per petuated the name of Robert Gray. in all future time. this great liver will bear the hame ol hts vessel. ' [t in true that Bruno l'leceta, in the year 1775. had been opposite the bay nl'the Co lumbia; and tho currents and eddies of the water caused him, as he rethinks. to be lieve that this was the mouth of some great river. or 0! some passage to another ee'n ;” and his opinion seems decidedly to have been that this'was the opening ofthe strait discovered by Juan de Fuca in 1592 To use his own language: “ Notwithstanding the great difference between the poaitinn of this bay'and the» passage mentioned by de Fuca, l have little difficulty in concei ving that they may be the same, having observed equal or greater dtfierences in the latitudes ot other capes and ports on this boast, as I shall show at its proper time; and in‘all cases the latitudes thus assigned are higher than the real ones." ' ' llecma.’ from his -own declaration, had never‘entercd the'Colu.nbiri; and he who in doubt' whether the opening, was the mouth ofa' river or'an arm of Ithe sea; and subsequent examinations ol the cont by other navigaton had rendered the npinio’n universal that no such river e'xmted, when Gray first bore the American flag across its her, sailed ‘up its channel for ttventy‘ fivemile‘s; and remained in_the river nine days. trudingfwith the Indians. ' ‘ ' 'l‘he Britiah"plenipotr'ntinry attempts to deprecihto the value to dig United'Stntes of‘Grav's discovery. because his ship, (the Columbia;) was a trnding,‘ ond;'not a mi‘ tional‘veeaét.‘ Ashe furnishes no mason for'thlsllistinction,‘th‘e unQErsigned will confine himse‘fl‘mtiu: remark that u mer chniig vés‘sel bears't-he Mg 0! hergnnntry tit-her mast-head, and ‘rontinue-I under its jurisdiction and protection‘ in «the same manner as though she had been commit», siom-d tor the express purpose of'making discoveries. Besidcn, beyond a“ doubt, this discovery was made by Gray ; and to what nation could the bent-Ii! o." it bvl‘nng. unit-H it be to the United States? Cvr tainly not to Great Bli‘ailh' And I, to Spain. the United States oru now her re’p» resentative. . Nordues the undersigned perceive in what manner the value of thin great disco very. can be lessened by the [out lhflt‘ll wa's first published to the world through the journal of Cnptavin Vancouver. a Brit ish authority. ()1) the contrury. its an thcnlicity being thui acknowledged by the party having an adverse intoresttis more firmly rstablia'hegl than if it had been first published in Ihc.Unitetl"Stntes. From n‘curet'ul exuminntl‘on anil review. o'f‘the subject, the omnirsignm ventures" the 'ussertion. that to Snain ahtl the United Staten belong‘nll the merit of the discove rv nl‘the northwefl coost of America wuth o't' the Russian'line. not a spot of which unless it niay have been the shores ,of some jot the‘intltriorqhayg and inletd. alter the entrance to them had been known; was ‘cvcr behéltl by British subjects, until alter :it h'avl been 980" or touched by :1 Spnnmrtl' or uh American. Spni’n ptoceedéil in this work of discovery. n'Ot as aw means of ac quiring title, but lor the purpn.e u’feth~ ininghnd'gnrv‘eytngnt‘crrttory to tyhich Qhe believed she hatl an . incrmtestxhle ”ably;- This Ititle‘hltl been fintletinnthl for eventu 'rie’s by theft)cknowletlgntenl or ucqnies-t fence ol hlt ‘ the Eutopeir'n' powe'rh. The? Unitetl-Sthteshlune eh’uhl hhv'e-«liqiuted this-title, and thzit only to the cxteu't pl: thovregimr watered bx the Columbia, 'l‘he- Spanish liml Amerrcnn titles. new united by the Florida treaty; ‘connot’béjugtly Te? slated byGren't ‘B'ri‘tnin‘i‘t' Consjdéi'e'dl'to‘ gather. they constitute, a,:per!eel"titlle‘zto the whole territory 'in'jtl‘ls‘fin te. . qv‘erifi'inw the'Tlth 'May.' 179% “Men Cp‘bliip'flr’n‘y passed the bar'at_‘the”m‘outh (it the Colour blag which bc‘*had obs‘e'rycd in An‘gust. 178. ‘.-‘ ’ ' i 5- ’ljllé‘un‘deisifigned win 116 w fiyoc'cflqxvtq show that this litlé of flu?- Unifc'd Stiles. “has: to the pqgucseiou of tho tcmlory at théjl'nOth h‘; the Culun‘ib'm. has by“) hiknéwledg‘edbj the uncut antemn and an. equivocal actu‘htuttm Bftllist‘t governuwm, After t‘lle‘fiu'r'clm‘e at Luuisiana Irum France, the guVernment u! the Uniml States fitted out an expedition under Messrs. .Lrwig and Clarkpywhgrin 31805, first expltned mo; 'Coluinbia'fl‘lrdrfi' in, source». m it: afibu'lh,“pre’p’a‘mtorrtn the occupation oi the unitary by (he Unncd Slates. ” '_ ~ ln_lBll. the afittlgmeint’af A‘smria was made by, the Americ'n'n’a ti‘earJhc vmh‘uth M the river, and aevaral other posh: werq’ey tablished in "115 interior along in banks. The war of 1812 between Great, Britain and the United ,Slntes thus lound the hit- ter in ponceahle po’anessiou of that region. Astoria was captured by Great Britam during this war. The trentyof pence con cluded ot Ghent in December. 18M, plo vided that ” all territory,“ pl'aceh'mml pos sessions whatsoever, taken hy'either‘ par ty from the other. during.“ the war." 81c. &c.. " shall be restored without delay." In obedience to the provisions ofthis twen ty Great Britnin roatoted Antorin to the United States; and thin admitted in the most solemn manner, not only that it»hltl been an American territory or possession ut the commencement of tho warLbut that it had been captured by British aims dqr tng its continuance. It is now too Inte'tn gains-y or eXplain away these (acts..— Both the treaty of Ghent, and the acts of the British Government unilerit. disprove the allegations of the British' plenipoten tinry. that. Astoria passed " into British hands by the voluntary ad! of the persons in clmrtze 0! it.” and “ that it was restored to the United States in 1818 with certain well-authenticated reservations.” In reply to the firnt 0! these nllegationw. it is true that the agents of theiAmeriean) Pacific, Fur Company. belnre the capture of Astoria, un the 16th October, 1813, had tmnalerred all that they cnnld trans fer—the privateproperty of the company —to the (British) Northwest Company; but it will scarcely he contended that such an arrangement could impair the sovereign rights of the United State: to the territory. Accordingly, the American flag; was'still kept flying over the fort until the lst of December. 1813, when it.waa captured by his Majesty’s sloop of. war Rnckonn. and the British flag wan theniaubstituteil. That it was‘ not 're'storeil to‘the United States " with certain wetl authenticated reservzitions." fully appears from (in; act of restoration itsfll.‘b"ea‘ring" date 6th Oc tober; 1818. This is in iibjolutc and un~ conditional as 'thé‘ Ehg‘i!“ language can make it. That lhil Was'mccording to lho intention of Lord Castlereagh. clearly np pearu Ircm hil previous mimission tq Mr. Ruth of the right :0! the Americans to be reinstated. and to' be thy party iii posses siun while "rating on the mm H British Ministers alterwarde, in» «leopatches to iheirown naught/s; tll'e'cnn'enl‘i of which were not coinin‘unicntc‘d tothe government of the U'nitedL'Slatea. thought proper to prbtest against. our title, lhcse. were. in ef— fect, but mere mental reservations. which could not afl'ect the validity at their,nwn solemn un'd unaonditional. act Inf restorav “on; u - But thu Brilinh-pjcnipolcntiury, notwithutnnding ‘ the American discovery cf the Cplmqbin, by Coyt. ‘Grny._uhd the oxplorotion' by Laws and Clarke of sevainl of‘itn branchei, from thotr‘ Idurc‘oa tn'lhn 1 Rocky mbuntnin's. a: We” 'tu itl“hl'uin channé‘l-lb tho ocenn. bonteml‘n that barman Thompson. 11 Bd tiph mhjgct in tho employment at thoNorthwaat Company, wu- lho first who navigated the north ern br'nnjzh of that rivég. thq Bkittah Go’vprnm'on! the‘robv a‘cquiyedpt-rminwm’nfa again“ 'thé untrea Staten. tho e'xtont of which ho'iduca not 'nhdortukb to specify. ln'othcr~ 'wordu. that after onn nnlmn had discovered and explored n grgnt rivqr, qu «av. oral l'tihutnrirs. nndt'madé nettlemé'ntb ofi‘il‘s'liapks. nnothor untiu'h, irif co'ulll-‘find ‘d'aihglo brunc'h' on its head wntnn whfim had' “not beeniactu'u‘ly ox ploradhmighl,appropriate; t 6 incl! thin hunch, lo gother with the adjacent Janitory. lfithj's‘cguld have been done, it “‘uuld have produced poypclu. nl itrife and collision amt‘mg tho nntiorifa qftor tho discuvery of Amerirn. It Would have vidlarod tho wiqo prtnciple cansaci-nli'd h'y th‘o practico’ of mu tions. which given the \‘niléy tlr'nined by. a river and its btjnncheu to tho natiunvwhich'hu'd firstdih covored and opproprintodjts ng'otxlh. ‘ . ' nut. lor another reqsun, thug unlit-gel] tlisrovigy of "I‘hbmfison has no motile whatever. His journéy t was undfirtnkon on bn,hnlf'nf tho .Not’thwou Com ‘pnny for the mnro purpune of idlimpnt‘ing the 'Uni led Stntes in {he occupatiun 91 thu mouth uftho Culumhim—n tcrritpry "In which "-no ndtibn. unlesn it may have been Sphin. t'otg'M. \vith‘ttny show of jti'rxtico. dinplllo their right. Thby -'hnd‘ut-qtfirml I! by thwovary and axhlomlion. nu‘d,,woro now- in the nu of taking mansion, .lt w'ng in nu antar prtso undelrtukon for such a purpose.L that Thomp son. in~lnutomng from Canada to the mouth giftho ‘Columbiu, duhccntit‘d the‘ north, nrbitnirily audit», ed by Gron‘l nrltmu to he the)‘ mnjn,".brnnghofghin river. The puriml won (or lqu Into to Impair HtQtillo of either. Spain or tho. Unttcd.slntus by tiny nuoh prowedtttg. ' ‘.' _ IA ~ (~‘ m" Mn'Thumpabn. on' hm rifthrn, wq'q txc_cutnpunied by a party from Astana. undbr Mr.' David Smith, who o'stahliahetl a post nt' thty’conlhioh‘cd'dl'lho Okinngnn with tho nnrth branch of tho quumhm. about lix hundred miles nbgve thtl 'mouth. ofth'o .lnttcr. ’ In the next year (18]?) a wrong] lrnding‘b'd’s‘l Wu» nalahHuhdd by a party {mm Anorid.‘on'.-Ihosfiokan. 'uhoul six hundred and flflyfimleahnm-lho bcoun. ll lluu nppeunlihul, previous 10‘ [he gnplurufil Mmrin by the (hither, ghn ,Augoricnné had ouend at! their p'omonmoqnflp ihrfi‘ Cnlfnhmu’mx'lnfi‘ndréd and fifty miloq. The Inoré'lhtfus'iti'n ofl'h't'f-‘Norlh wont company inln (hianorfilury‘, ’mtd'lhe buiabli3h~ mqm ouwo onthrnéi' lrndiagqpmu. in 51811. and 1812.;PpAhq. hem! ,wmorEOJ-Jhp fine!" can.|_uraly nqlvinl’orlgrb “jifbiqr jl'lm'J'JW‘ By‘nmgh-Amgricnn lillb: wmfi [his'k‘nm’fifil’fy’f‘ifiny'hufi done in Iho i'nlel'm'édi‘dl'o ‘pßriod'iiinfl’ m 8 201hj0ug6b'09. 1818—- the dam of lhé'firct lfdnly'mfijoinz. nct-uibnnonJ—‘is unknown to lha» nndonignod..: from Iho. impenetrn blg, myql‘cry,‘ In which llxgy,,lxhy-qwtailod lhqifflw‘ chdlpgs. Amp; ,gho dulq; cums menu-east!“ Grail! yijr’tih' 'nor‘ thofUninJ' 5'9!“ 90"'.‘-'a’.m:v°' T‘réffqrm‘o “ix'ny'ubt nfl'eblihg Ihoir tiln‘mh"l‘o'lho lllu- Puked territory" :--.‘.( m ‘ ~ " ‘ ‘ ’1", mm up the whole. thonthent Britainpunnol. my} her claim») m [We 'norfhwoyl C 99.“ orgomgr'” upon iliucovotfi."fin'fllllq'ivill‘har iingle C 191” by neulémem a: 'Noollm'So'ufid aw!“ “:5? ‘ EN" 8?" mm; but oym- h’illéi‘iun,‘ forty‘ yen-1&0: decimd it loibq Qorlninnltom (he anonnmhan|.ic,,-IJI‘0""‘ (inn. 1- my 159 Spanishgflug amps, ¢l=N99"‘F‘."“' hover muqk. and “in: tho :oriilory hu been mlu nlly rolin‘quinhcd by Great Britain."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers