<(Cqmttaijrpm'l/rc inside» 1 ' ‘ lntecdtumemtng‘tn Cut-greetsi a red‘uq- t 'tj’ni' iif'ttj‘é ("ashram-t. pt alum-tat.“ *uzte- ! Viiijott‘hhil Inutratii‘tl'iitifl M the éct'uf 1842, " lptl), hut. (ruin. rn'mtmtung Itit‘lnitins ufl- ti t'rit'htilv ('o’ ‘the' manutn‘ct’utercv. . On .0181 gontrury. I demre to see them prhepérbugvt M [s} us they qnn ‘lt‘l-N'H— u ithtmt impming' unrrrluultb'uitlt‘ns unethdit inn'h’éfilh, The; .ddyn'tttnuG umter any t-jslt‘tu‘ of. indirect taxation. eyenwithin then-venue Hand-z nrd. must be In favour ut the n‘nnu'nctur“ int: interest; and of thin. no other "in-rest:v will complain. f ' l'rei'ummend tu Cnngresx tlw'nbnlition .UF-lhé'minitmmt principle, ur'nftiutiied, nr ‘ bi'fflty anditulsc values. and at spectficl dutietl.“nhd theiubstitutmn in their place of ml valorem duties, .fi the tn’ireslnnd most equitable unlit-vet tux which up be imposed. By the ad valorem principle. 8” articles are taxed nrcoultng tn the” coat or value, and those which'ate of mte "'rior quality, or 0! stunt! rust, hear only! the just prOportion of the tax “I”! ”1069 Which are 01 superior quality or grenter (bit. The articles runsumt‘d by a” are tu’xed at the crime rate. . V A system at at] CGIOYCtIt revenue tluttea‘ with ptopcr discritmrtnltuns Ell-(l prOper guards against truuds tn cullectmg thetn_. itia not doubted will atde mnpte inn. dental advantages to the manufacture". and enable them to deriVe’ as great profits aui’ctm be derived from any other regular business. It is believed that such a sys tein‘. strictly within the-revenue stoodnrd. iwitl place the manufacturing interests on 'a’btable looting. and inure-to their permu 'nent'edvantage; while it will. as near!) he may be practicable, extend to all the ‘great interests of the country the inciden tal protection which can be uttouled by our revenue laws. Such a system. when once firmlyesteblished. Would be perma nent, and not be subject to the constant complaints, agitations. und changes-which 'mtilt ever occur. when duties are not laid ‘tor‘rßVenue, but for the ‘ protection tnere ly’ ol a favoured interest. 'ln the c‘onsitlerstione of Congress on this‘ subject. it is hoped that a spirit or Inu tunl concession anti compromise between conflicting interests may prevail. and that the result. of their labors may be crowned with the happiest consequences. ‘ ._ By the Constitution of the U. States; it is provided, that“ no money shall bl drawn lrom the- treasury but lnt‘bilhet quéuce olappttopriatinne'mede by law.”— "A pubtic treasury was undoubtedly con. templeted and intended 'to be created ; in \vhich'the public money should be kept from the pc'riod of collection until needed for public uses. In the, collection and disbursement of the public money no a ,gencies have ever been employed by law, except such as were appointed by the gov ernment. directly responstblc to it and under tits control. The suit: keeping ol the public money should be (untitled to a public treasury created by law,’ and under like responsibility and conltol. It is not ti) be] imagined that the framers ol‘ the contti‘tutioo 'could 'have intended that a treasury shtiuld be created as a place ol deposite and safe keeping ot the public money‘whtch wits irresponsible tothe gov~ moment. The first congress 'under the constitution. by the act ot thesecond S p tensber, 1786. “to establish the Treasury Departmentfl’ provided for the uppuint ment ofa treasurer, and made it ltlt' duty .‘.‘l-‘to receive and keep the ' moneys ol the MoitedStates.” and “ at all tiitics‘tO‘sub mit to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller. or either ol them, the in ‘lpectien ol the moneys in his hands.” ‘ " Ihatibanks. national or state. could not than been Intended to be used as n substi- gtffle [or the treasury 6pokeu of in the cone Ilitulion, an keepeu of the public money, is manilest'lrm‘n th'e fact. that at that tune j‘lb‘eré‘wns no national bank, add but three of [our State banks of limited capital exist cd‘in the country, Their emphyment a$ .dcposituries warat first resorte to, to n lttfiitetl extent. but. with the avowed in- Mien—llf continuing them pettnanently, in pJfi‘cé dithe treanury at the conhtitulion. ,s“;th thq‘werejfterwntds Irom time to . “unemployed. it “35 from motives uf sup meted convenienee. 1:01" experience has hhown. that when bulking corporutlons have been the keep cried the public money. and been thereby ~m_ade.,_in,gflect the treasury, the govern ment 1.9". Jpnve nu guaranty that it can vcomrnandgthe, the at its own money [or , publichpuvrposes.‘ fl'hc ,lnte Bunk of the United States proved to be fuithless. The State banks which were afterwards em- played, were lailhlessv. Bu! a low years ago. with millions of public money in their keeping, the government was brought ol mpst to bankruptcy, and lhe public credit seriously impaired, because ol their inabil ity or _indisposiiion to pay. on demand. to the public creditors, in lhe nul) currency, recognized ,by (he cons‘riluiion. Their Iqil’u‘re occurred in a period in peace. and grenl‘lnconva‘niencc rind loss wer,e'sufl'er ' Gaby "‘0 public li'nm 11, Had (he (:ole qr'yfb'eén' 'ldvolved in a loreign wnr. Ilia! 'ineonveménpe'nnd loss would have been much greater; and ‘might hayc resulied in ”extreme Public .culamily. The ‘public ‘WOI-ley should not be mingled with [he ‘fifiyage funda‘ of banks or Individuila, or Muscdloriprivatc Purposes When it is placed in banks lor sole-keeping, n is in chat loaned to them whhoui interest. and "ib’lifiliéd by [brain ’u‘pon iiilofesl; tome borroWer’u Irom, ilieril’. _Thcpublic money ‘is‘eon've'rte'd-inm honkion'flviifll- and is ug‘e'deand'l'odried our lor ihe'privaio profit of.hwkjMick-holders, and when culled lo’r',"(a6 wa's'the' case In 1837'.) u. “'39" 'c In Ihe'pockets of lhe_ borrowers '(rum "i e Haiti’s; ffifleaaj’bigb‘eiqg ih‘nifjpniilucslrc, - amyi¢q¢ieig’pipig‘l|‘; by" [he copsurullon.l— olii‘lie‘c’omlrtuuonyou'd nef- ’erthve inlemtfllhthat {hi money. 99W mm Hhe lremqry would ,be. wugv‘gmvvcrflt‘l" (g; ‘priynleva-é', vg’ml {flawed heyplulfllt; .corflro "'1‘“! noci'unment: ._ 5“. , ‘ . [Ba'nk‘s‘ which, hold {heupublllclmon‘oy are} “an - 'Wintedy .bx .y WI” ”fuemgmex— ,end fliélr'lnans.,inc Meg llg'en' (‘III'Cu alu'm'. and wins stimulm'c. “In?“ nl'pfhlcefl gpjrll o'f’ spé‘culhlibfiufinul eyrayggamfg. .“hlch so’ohcr’of'wlér'mustresult In nun. r 9 .thog}! Fafids. lf‘lhé'fiub’llc money be “pl pern'm. ted to be lhun used. but be kgpl In tlfetren. wry and ppld oull lo the pulgllq qrednn'rs~ inl gold'and silver, the u-mpmmn afl'mded b). ’ita deposil'o (with banks In an hndnoéxpnri. sinn of their busi'neés wuuld be ‘chvcked. 'wlnle the nmo'um ol'lhe conelllmionai‘éur rcncy 'left in circulation. “mum-fig M'nrized [’s’ "5 employment iv} the public‘collcclinns and (liabmsemems. {Hm- lmnks Ihcnvgclv." “mum in ronaoquencc-‘bc found in “mfg, and sounder cundilmu, Al plcsent Slate Banks are employed as (lepnsilorivs, hul \t'ilhmu mqunnl‘qregu'la non of law. whereby the public money can be secured against the casualties and exces ses, reunlsiona, suspensinns. and dufnlva tions. to which, from um issues. over Ira ding. an iuunlinale tlt‘sin: fur gain. or oth -er muses, they‘nre vnnslnnlly exposedn—f The Secretary of the 'l‘tcnsury has In all cases. when it “as practicub't‘, lalmn col lalleml security [on me unmunt uhurh they hold, bythc pledge of stocks of the United States, or such of the States as wpru in good credit. Some 0! the depouuc banks have givén this desmipunn of security. and others have declined to do so. .1 Entertaining tlte opinion that "the sep arrttiou of tlte moneys ol the government from banking institutions is indispensable and the rights of the people," i recommend to Congress that provision be made by law for such separation. and that a constitution al treasury he created for the safe-keeping ofthe public. money. The constitutional treasury recommended is designed as a se cure depository for the public money, with out any power to make loans or discounts, or to issue any paper whatever as a cure rcncy or circulation. I cannot doubt that such a treasury’as was ronternp'aied' by the constitution. should be independent of all banking corporations! The money of tits people,shou|d be kept in the treasury of the people created by law, and be iii the custody of agents of the people chosen by themselves. according to the forms of the constitution; agents 7 who are directly res ponsible lo the government, who are under adequate bonds and oaths, and who are sub ject to severe punishments for any cmbez: zlemenl. private use. or misapphcation of the public funds, and for any failtirc in other respects to perform tltcir duties. To say that the people or,t,herr government are ‘ incompeteutmr not to be trusted “ltll the custody ofthetr own money, in their own, treasury, provided by themselves, bttt uttlsl‘ rely on the presidents, cashiers, and stock holders of banking corporations, not tap-l pointed by them, nor rcspnnsib'e to them, would be to concede that they are incoml petent for self government. In recommending the establishment of a constitutional treasury, in which the public money shall be kept. {desire thatadequate provisron be made by law for its safety, and that all executite discretion or control over it shall be removed, except such as may be necessary in directing its disburserrient in pursuance of appropriations ntade by law. t Under our present land system, llmilln: the minimum price at which the public lands can be entered. to one dollar arid twenty five cents per acre,’larue quantities of lands of Inferior quality remain unsold because they Will not command-that price. From the records of the General Land Of lice it appears, that, ofthe pttblic lands re maining unsold iii the several States and Territories in uhich they are situated, 39,- 105,577 acres have been lit the market, subject to entry, more than twenty years ; 491338.544 acres for more than fifteen years ; 73,074,000 for more than ten years; and 106,176,961 acres for more titan five years. Much the largest portion of these lande will continue to be unsalcable at the minimum price at which they are permit ted to be so!d, so long as large territories of lattds from which the more valuable-por tions hate not been selected are annually brought into market by the government.— VVitli the View to the sale and scttletnentof these inferior lands, I recommend that the price be graduated and reduced below the present minimum rate, confining the sales at the reduced prices to settlers and culti vators. in limited quantities. lf graduated and reduced in price for a limited term to one dollar per ar'rc, arttl after the expiration of that period tor a second and third term to lower rates a large portion of these lands wo'uld'be purchased. and many worthy cit izens, who we unable to pay higher rates. could purchase homes for themselves and lheir families. By adopting the policy of gradation and Muslim of' price, Iheao in ferior lands will be 'sold for their real val- ue, while the states in “high may lie will be freed from the inconvenience, if not in jumice, to ,which they are subjccléd, in c'o'n‘sequehco of Iho Unuod Stalea continu ingzmown large quantities or public lands within "their bordera', not liable to taxation for the support of their local gov'emmonls. l racommend the continuance ohhe pol idy 6i grahiing prq-emptiong, in My most liberal e'x‘lénfi’p gl|;tl.o§a who have settled,_ or Mid may hereafter 33mg. on the public' lands, whglhor aurveyed or unaurveyéd, (0' which lttle. lndiarp title may have beenflex fingulshed-‘m Qhé time of settlement. it has bocn' fo'uud b‘y ekperihn'co, that in come: quenco'of combinations of purchasers. imd 'Pflmr Haufiesr nmqry‘amall quantity of Iho publm‘landsfwhen cold'él‘ public nudliou.' somr’nanda'a ' higher" ‘price '3llmlMho‘mmi. "99'“; "NP 79955”?de 'by lla'w . The semen .oxflhé bdlflllo lundik‘aiézt"lnp'vv¢a‘ver, hm tat‘a ' “11...“. 1111 l_v able wig-cure their homes and improvo‘ ments nt<<lh€~fsnblic sales-ct that rate ; be r (reusa-tlteah‘ethiontionep bv theatre 'of the capital they crimmnnd. -nnd their superior ability to,_ptirchnae. render it itnpossihle for the aetilers,.to compete with them in the market”: t-By putting down all‘contpetition, theaetcombinnlionslnl eitp‘italiats and spec‘ u‘lot'ors are usually ,eththleil to pu‘rcham the lands; including 'th‘e’improvernents of the settlera,‘ at the minimum .price of the gov érnment,'nnd either 'tnrn them out of their homes. or ektort‘fmm’ them. according to their'ability to pay, double or qttmlrttple tlte umm‘tnt paid. for them to the gnt'ern- r ment. it is to the enterprise a'nd persona-3 rance of the hardy pioneers of the West, It ho penetratethe wilderness with their inm iliea. enfl'er the dangers, the privattnnv. and, hardships attending the settlement nln new counttv. and prepare the way for the body of emigrants who. in the course of a few years. usually follow them. that we fire. in a grenl degree. indebted for the rapid ex» tension and nygran‘dizement olour country. l‘lxrettenee has proved that no portion of our population are more pntriotie than the ltntdv and burn: men of the frontier, or more ready to obey the call of their enun- try. and In defend fmr rights and her honor, whonevcrnnd b 3, whalevorcnemy assaih'd. They s‘multl be prnl'ecu-d from the grasp in: apocnlntnr. and secured. ul Hie mini mum prire ofthe pnhitc lands, in the hum Me homes whirh ”H'V have impmvotl bv their labor. With |hifl end in“viow. nil vexulimia or unnewssarv restricuuns, un posed upon llwm by the exisling pie-amp tion laws. should be repealed or modified It is the true polii-y of the government to all'urd facilities to its citizens to hecomethe owners tirfltllilll portions of otir vast Ittlbllt‘ domain iit low and mmlcrmo rates. , 'l'he presentsystemul iiiunngiug Iho minornl land-4 oi the Unitod Status H believed to hr- rn ”why do fectiw‘. Moro Ihuii u million of nun-n ut the puhlie lniitl<,nii|iiiiisi-«l to roiit..iii loud rind iitlinr tiiiiiornl-‘. lirivo hoon resorted tor anlo. and tiuim’ruuq lean-s upon them liuvo linen granted to indivnlunlunpuu Li 1 utipiilutrd roiit 'l‘hu system of granting led-es hits proved to he not only unprofitnhlc to the government. llllt‘uttflnllsltlt’lllfy to tho (‘fllznlls who liiivo gone up on the lands. iiud must. ifcuiitiiiuod. luv the luuudu iioii ol‘iiiiti-h liiture (llnlt ulty lti’th't‘n tho govcrm merit und the lemon. Ai-enrdirig to tho officinl ro‘ torils,lho omouiit ol rents. removed by tho gmorrr Ittf‘lll for llio yviini 1811. 1842. ”‘43. and 18“. on: $635.") 74, while the expenses at the nyatcm during the sumo period. ini'lucling ouliiriou ot suporiiitend- Otll'l.ng('l'|lfl, itlel’ltfl,flntl iiicidontnl i-xpeiisru, iwro S‘JGJII ll—tlie incomo boing lose thnuuneJourlh ol' the expend". To this pecuniary loss may be ad« drd the iiiJuryisuutiiuied by tho puhlir‘ in consequence of tho dostrurtion nl timber, and tho vnroless rind wantel'ul manner of Working the mines. 'l‘hn syfl~ ti-rn ltltH given “:40 to much liligiitinn hot“ oeii tho United Stntrs nnd iiidvidunl ('lllZOnK, producing irri lotion and ext'iterncn! in tho niinernl region. and in~ volt'ing tho got crtttllt‘lll iu ham'y additional epriidix lures. [t is believed tliut iiimi nr lusu‘s nnd ('nlbtf ruminants “ill (-nntinuo to occur, whilo tho prrnont 3 atom of loosing those lands remains unchanged 'll'lhese lntltlrl nrc now undor tho snperiiitoiidani-o and core at the \Vur Dopiirtinont, With the ordinary du~ ties ol “thll they have no proper or nnturnl connex ion. l remmmond tho repeal of tho prone-iii nyuteui. nnd thnt these lnnds be pliir‘ed undor the superinten dumoruid lll'lllJflt‘litvtil oi tht- General Land Ollie?“ mi Other public liiiids. Lhil l u bioiighl ilito iiiiirhet urid sold upon Mich terms nu Congress in their “imlom mny prosr‘ribe. rrrcrvtng to tho government an equth stile pi-r contiigo of the grunt niriount ol tt|.ll(‘l’t l pr_i~ duct. and that tho pro~einptioii principle ho pxtendcd to resident minors and settlers upon thorn. iit the min imum prim which may be established by Congress. l l roll-r {nu to the uccuiiipmiylrig repert uftlio Scc' retury ol Var, tor information reupecinig tho preaerit situation at tho oruiy, Mid its opcrntiuns during tho‘ past year . the Hole ulnar deft-urea; the condition 01‘ tho plll'llc works; rind our relations with the various lndlun trihes Within our “ml!!! or upon our hordoru. I invite your uieniiuii_iu Ihc bllggt'slttllls i'ontnined in that report. in relation to these prominent olijci-ts at national lttlefl‘hl. Whun orders were gnu-II durll-g Iho pah'l summer for I'unr‘vntrnln-g our mllilnry lurro an the “axiom lruuuor I)! T: xus. our Iroom were “'ldely diam-med. I und 111 smnll detachments, oct'up ’|llg puma rcnmlo 1 Imm unvh ulhcr. 'l he pronlpl lIIIJ’ I'xpmhlluus 1111111- L lIL‘I' In winch nII ulmy. cmbracmg more than hn'lour pout-1- cslnbhshlllt-nl, “Ins drnun lngclhcr (In an our ‘ crgcm‘)’ :0 ulldchl. rellcclx grcul I." edit on [he uITII cm I whu wvrc onlruslcd \VIIII Iho ou-cunon ol'lhmo ur dem. In; wnll nu upon Ihu dlaprllnn oi lhu anlly Ilsull. 'l‘u In: In slrcngm I!) dell-ml lIIId lillllDl" Ihv In-uplo mu! (crrilory In! Texas, 111 Ihc I-vuul erII-n shnnltl CUHIIHCUCO husnhuen. or anmlU lwr lvrr‘lnnos \IIIII n Illl'gl‘ anny. which she IhrouICIIL-11, l uulhur Zl'd Hm qvncrulusmgned In Iho cummnnul 111 Ilm‘ nrmy nl'mx- Izuimhun In Innke rcqulallluna lur ulldlllonul lon-ma [mm ‘(W‘l‘fflll)’ lhl‘ Slnll-s noun-4 llue 'l‘cme: mum» and “VIII II could musl upchlimlaly lurninh them. if, in hm uplllinn. II larger luruu (hnn Ihul. under hst-mn 1 man I. and [he Iqullrlry Ind \vhn-h. under 11111- I‘.rt'|lm~! ulnnvvs. ho was lIIIIIInrizmI In rm‘mvu IruIII l'c-xu‘, should b 0 roqulrl-d. 'l‘ho mnlmgency‘ upon whiv-h lh-r cxurcma of ”III: uulhunly depended. lms nu! ma currml 'rlu‘ I'irt Illllfllilfh on MIMI-r “Inch l\\n ('IIIII‘ panlcu nfSl:lln nrlllll‘ry Irnm Ihc (‘lly nl Nrw Orlt-Ims‘ “cm mm lulu 'l‘cx Is. uni Inuslured In“; [no son 100‘ u! Ihc limiml Sl-llfn, :Irv tnlly plated 111 Ihc n'purl nli Ithvrrctzlry of Wu r. l rommlncnal In ( 'I)llgrt'.~:& IIIIII; pruvlsllln he made l'urlhe paynlentul‘lhvsc lump-6.11.5 wull n~ II Mllu“ number 01 Town \‘ullulluers. uhnm‘ Ihc l'hlnllllludlll}; gvncrul lllollglll. H necessary lu ru' cure m- muslcr lnlu our Icrvu-c. During the lust bummer. tho first regimL-ntufdt.» goons niudu extensit‘o excursions through tho lndmn country on our borders. a Iport ul thorn advancing nr-urly to the pissi-smonn u the Hudson's Bay Com» puny in the north, und :1 purl ns tar as tho South l’oss ot'tho Rocky Mountains. and the hood waters ot'lho tritiut.ny streams ot the (,‘olurudo oi tho \l’ost. l‘he exhibition of this niilitury iim'e olnong the llltlittll trihesin those distant regions. and tho councils hold \uth them by tho commanders oi the expeditions. it is believed. Will have n salutary Intlnnnco in rcntrutn. ing them irozn hostilities among themselves. and muintnining friendly relations between them until thu Ultlll'd States An interesting uccountutono at these oxi-nrsnnns ttL't'tmlpitllit‘l! tho ropnrt ol tho Secretary Id War. Under the directions oi the War Depurnnunt. Brovct Capt. Fremont. ul tho corps (d'tulwgrnphicul onjincers, has been outplayed sineo 1842 in exploring the country west of tho Mississippi. and beyond the Rocky Mountains. 'l‘wo expeditions have already been brought to a close. und tho reports 01 that Sctelh titic and UlllUl’prislllg omcorhnvo turnished much in toresting und vntunblo information. He is now am gugod in is third expedition; but it its not expected that this arduous terlcc \\'lll be completed in season i to enable me to communicate the rosuft to Congress 1 at tho present session. > -- t Our relations with the Indian tribes are of it 1 favorable character. The policy of removing them‘ to a country designed for theirpermnnent 1 residence. west of the Mississippi and without i the limits ofthe organized States and 'l‘ot'ritoj i ries. is better appreciated by themtltan it was ‘ :1 rev years ago,- while education is now otter)- ded to,” and the habits of civilized life are gain ing ground among them. ’ ’ leriousdifliculties of ldng standing continue to distract the several parties into which the Cherokees are Unhappily divided- The cm)?“ 6fthe government to odjust the difficulties bc‘ tween them have heretoturc proved unsuceessg; ml: and there remains no probability that this desitgblc-objcqt‘can be accomplished without thentd of further legiéil'aition by Congress. ‘1 within an early period’quour session, pt'cseltl ll}? Wide“. “.1”. Km" eonsidcratiotu atcoolntta' met! with m‘icprsiiiou‘btthe cotnplaintsinnd l Chl'WlOl Incfiqvcralz parlipainta ~wll,icl\ I‘}? mt. ‘lilon [is dink ed, willuluylglv to thqiadqphgn‘p’f' 'Bl'lcll'rrli;iisllréh 'by Congrcesn's may ennble'lhe’ ilixec'llliVE’to'ilb' justice ltd'fliém"_i‘c‘sPeclNély;w mlll‘ w'pulnn end; lf'p‘ossihltz; 101 m: (llssénainnlli whinh ilnnvotlang pl‘e‘vnilcd.’iund still .prcvnilli nail mongmhcm; , , ' 1”,,” : -, ... ,1 l rofer _\'nu lu lho report 0! llm’Sncrnllary Ql'lllo, Navy {or lllQ prcncnl condition of that branch _nf Iho nnllnnnl drfoncn, nml Inr'grni/o'a‘uggoalidna. hn~ ‘ ving fur their olvjoct'nn inert-rub 61' ilsrnicionoyl l and n gmnlcr economy in 11l InunngemontrtDuring lhu pull your Iho ofiigcra nml men have ‘p’orforqu Ihcir'dtlly in n su’iafprlury mnnner. The organ \VllH'll have been given" lmvo lmt'n rxornlcd ‘Vlll‘ pron ptnonn and fidelity: ‘A liirger fun-u llmn lma‘ anon {armed "no aqnndrnh nnderunr flag was r'on: (lily conceptrnlcll lin Iho Gull nl Moxim. nn-l‘nppm lenlly. ui|hnul unusual cfl‘vrl.; II is e'apm'iplly‘lp he churn-ml. thnt, umwillwlnnding [he unigmnuf ,s}? i'onsiilornhlo n lnr'cq, no nrl \vna‘ cornmillml lhul 0-. van lhn Jealousy (ff un irm‘fiml‘ pllwcr'colrld ‘r‘nh slrno ink) on 11M 0! nggroasinn: and Ihhl 1110 "com mnnr‘lcr nl' Iho pqnnllron. nnd‘hia officers. in slricl conformity will: limit iuulruqlionn, hulding lliam selvvn mi'or remly fur Ihc Inna! nclive duly. have achieved llm null purer glury of contributing lollw preservation of peace, It is believed lhnl at all our foreign «Inlmnu Iho honor of our flag lma been lnmnluincd. und llml. generally, uur .hipa ofwar lmvu been (lislixvguifllml (or jhcir gund discipline nml order. l am happy ln mlthul lhe dmplny 0| vnnrnlimo {on-0 which “HM required by tho evonlfi ml the Hummer. hm: been made “holly mlhin Ihc umml. nppmpvimiuns lor Ilm service nf Ilm yrnr.so llml no additional npproprinnuna nre rcquin-d. 'l'llo comment-u or lllU Unllml Slams, and will) II the nnvignling inn-route have «Ruddy and rapidly im'rcnaed aim-c Iho urguniznlion ofnur guvernmcnl, nnlll.l il Ia llflllCVL‘ll, we nre nnw accund lo but one power in Iho n'nrld, nml nl no Ilinlnnldny we shall probably be inlcrior tn mmo. Exposed usllncy must be. il hm hm)” 11 wine [llllu'y In uflnr-l [0 those im nnrlunl inlt-ruslu pruu-Hmn With our ships of war, (lislribulod In llm gronl lnglm'u) 5 oflrmlu Ihrongh am the \mrltl. 'For more than llnrly yeurauppro mlnlmnn have been lllmlL'. nml unnunlly upended. {or the gnulunl incrcnw uf our naval lowva. In pence. uur l uvy pcrlunnu IllU ilnporlunl nluly ofpro "cling unr i-(qmmvyco, nml. in Iho vvenl ofwnr, will be. mg n has l'l-I-n. 11 mos! «mm-m means 0! defence. The Hurl-vnuful mo of steam navigation on Iho oc-enn hnn been followed hy the imroductiun of war slcnnu-ru in grenl nnd im-rcnslng nnmhoru into the nuvwa uf Iho principal ummllme powers of Iho unrl-l. A due rpgérd to null (mu safely nnd lo an elliclenl pruluvlzon In our lurgo nml inc'rcaaing com~ merco tlmnnnds n correspondlng increase on our ‘ part. No country hns greater facilities for the con struction of vessels aithis description titan ours. or can promise itselfgreater ad vantngcs from their em ployment. They are admirably adapted to tho pro~ teeiion of our commerce, to tho rapid transmission ofintoltigenee. ar.d.-to the coast defence in pursu~ once of the “in: policy ofa gradual increase ofour navy. largo supplies of live oak timber, and_other material for ship budding. have been collected. and are now under shelter and in a stnto of good pros eri-nlion. whilo iron steamers can he built \\ ith great facility in variOUs parts of the Union. The use of iron as a material. especially in the construction of steamers. which can enter with safety many of tho harbors along our coast. now inaccessible to vessels of greater drought. and the practicability of cou~ strneting them in the interior. strongly recommends that liberal npproprinlions should be made for this important object. Whatever may have beenour policy in tho earlier stnges ot' the government, “hen the nation “as in its infancy, our shipping interests & commerce eotnparniivrrly small, our re sources limited. our population sparse and scarcely extending bi. yond the limits of the original thirteen States. that policy must be essentially different now ,that we have gronn lrtim three to tnoro than twen ty millions of people, that our commerce, carricdtii our own ships, is found in every sea. and that our territorial boundaries and settlements have been so greatly expanded. Neither our commerce. nnr our long line of coast on the ocean and on tho lakes. can he successfully defended against foreign nggrcs~ man by means of fortifications alone. These are essential at important. commercial and military points, but our chief reliance for this OliJect must be on n wellsorganizod. eflicient nary. The benefits resulting fromqueh a navy are not confined to the Atlantic States. The productions of the interim whit h seek a market übrond.are directly dependent on the safety and freedom of our cominerco. 'l‘hu neenpntinn of tho Balizo below New Orleans by a hostile force would otiibairasu. if not magnate. the wholu export trade ofthe Mississippi. and affect the value of the agricultural products ofthe ciitire vul~ Icy at that mighty river and Its Irilmtnrieu. ‘ ii iii“! net er been our [Why to lltJtitvutli large Hldttlitllg armies in lli'ii‘ oi ’iifllt'o. 'l'liey are (‘till may to the [.:L‘ltlu! at our lruo ittalt-Uliutta, would impose hem’) hiinleiis upon tho people. 'IH'J be (him geroiis In public liheiiy. ()nr reliance for protec tion and defence on the land must he mainly on our citizen HJitilPra. \\ ho will ho ever ready. as they ever have been ready iii times past. to rush “ltll n|u~ t‘rily, .it the call of their country. to her dufvnci- —— 'l‘lmi description offoiim. houet'er, cannot dull-iii liitritiiiul. liltrimrs. iilid iitlitnll Aorta. it't'r pittlL‘t‘l iilir cunnncrce on iiie.ocemi or the lalies, 'l'liese must be pruioeted by our navy. ‘ (‘nimdeittig nii Mien-used naval force. and expa ciully «if steutn \essuls, ('orrcspotidiiig “till our grunlh and importance as u tuition, find pro; ortiiiu cd to the illtrtffl'so .ind lllt‘rt'ttaillg iminl power oi other tliitiiitiu. til~ Vn~t iinportanco int regards our minty. and tho grunt and growing interests to he prulcctcdhy it. i recommend the subject to the la i'oruhle i-oiisidumtion oi Congress. The report of the l’ustiu.mtcr Generui herewith communicated, r'uutmns n uietniletl stntunicnt uf the uperminus nfhld tit-[inrlmcnt during the port yunr. It will be soon thnt the income from pustngaa w.li tuii Ihort of the expendtlurcu for the yeur between one and two tuiiituus oi dollars. This deficiency has been (‘llllEOll by tho reduction of the mice of “(Hinge which was mmio by the net of the third of Murch last. Nu priuri,»io has i'ceu more genernfiy uequiesceii in by the people than litut this depart ment uhutllxi sultnin ttlell by limiting its expvndi lures to its int-‘oniof Curigrosu huu never sought to make it a source of revenue for general purposes. eicept for :1 short period during the hut war with Great Britain, nor should ll ever become n charge on the gouerui treasury. if Congress shall adhere to this principle, as i think they ought, it will he neceasury either to (‘tlr'ull the prewul mail service, no nu to reduce the expenditures; or so to modify the ncl of the third of March inst us to improve its rev entice. The extension ofthe mall anrvico. nml the additional {utilities winch Will be iientniuieti by the rapid cxtensiouduntl increase of population, on our weatorn ironlier. will not mituit ui alit'll (:urluilntent us will muteriuily reduce Iho present expenditures in the adjustment of the turifToi postages the intc~ rcsla orthopeopie demand. that the lowest ruiau he adopted which will produce the ueccusury revenue to meal the expenditure; ofthe dcpnrimcul. i iu~ Vito the attotftion ot‘Cnngreu tuttho suggestions of the Postmaster General on this subject, under liiu belief that such a modification of the into law may be made {is willyield sufficient revenue without further calls on the treeuury. and wiih very little change in the present. rule: of postage. ~ Prupet‘ memurea have been taken. in purguhnco of thenet oi the 3d ofMurch hut. for tho oatuhiuih- Iment of iinpq oi mail atoninera between this and fo roigu countries “The importance of this service commends itselhtroug iy to invertible consideration With 5"") growth of ouncuunt‘ry. the public busi~ nan whiehidevolvea ot the beetle of the aei'er'ai Executiye Departments iron [greedy inerc'ascii. In o'9"]? "Epcotflilhe diltributioh’oi'dutien among them lécins -to bo‘illcoflgruodl, and many of these might ‘ unsrorrol from one I pp thyrfiwiljy ndyvnnlngo ‘ r: lllzo publlc‘ slinky-i 136. ()3 rqfiiglhll‘tfléféils"i\lfié fo'r‘ ‘ lh‘o bdiididérfitléfl’nf-Hfi-‘mflyo‘cl hy’CJth‘gflme‘V n 9;9w,.o:.yslmn'in the tlvcnmzflmn'nf'ghg:wgvflhll dopnrlmmnaltuml n mom-"Wifommw "'NIW’" ”My”! public bufilnmrmfl'll°"*"t""‘3¥:)l mgr: '1 6. ; n s Thu) ‘mOSl impurity]! (I'll'llfl‘sl()v ,"W. Iqliqlrllzg-lnzl'rlf‘ mbnl ru-lluto to n'ur frlfcigll tnflul‘rty. .“Y [hf WW}! o'l - orlliu lnm‘ily of M‘llgltaJflq‘ mt‘n-nsb-M‘.’ mir pomnwrc'a, nml Ihoro‘rreupumhn‘q bxtehflbn or our consular uysloui. Hm husincu'bfllltndophrl'mqql; haulbaengrficallv inn-mused, ;-|n'a.§g :pqupl 3rg9nls zulion, mnny gllgligqufp (19.713995? {lo'H'9-,‘!"'¢’,§!{n-’.r uilafll'u: (if nligtnils; 'nro‘qgvgll'vm’lfig {he chrélavryvqf' Strife} 'i‘vhich ‘dd nui uppmpfiil‘t'cly ‘M'ofng {p 'lfioTor.‘ Glg'n' depdrlméni‘bf Iho gr‘wéi'flrhr‘lll,‘unll mflyhprm parly Im~lrnmlnrrd m" undo :ulhov demrlrricnlgm Qnom Iheup gmwn pm “of thy; mango! slugqofuho; ln‘wflcuchrnfqg, the thirnggaicq". “(“01)ng kw. ycnrj'niucq. was 9 nuhord‘in‘ut‘q Sprigghiplvpuijhha hfibc‘mb u dialln'ct blfie—nu' of gl’ent'imfidrtuflr‘ogd Wr’lfi‘nn excellbnt in'rernal"orgnn’lznlium H‘ia‘h’tiw conneulvd wilh tho-Bmm Dcpnrlmonluln”lolnm” nclion ul ixsbusinuas, queslions ofmuch impounncu lo in vnnlura, and lo Ihgcommunilv. froqnmly nrliysc, which. by cxialing ylnwév. uro‘ réf'cri‘e‘d for di'cfsimf [0 u bunrd, of“ hlch lhé'ScOréquy ofSluto'ié a math? her. Thom quoalionn nro legal. and Iho connbxion which now exiau holwren’tho Bmm Dapm‘lm'om nml Iho Pulonl Office. may. will] grow proprioly nml udvunlogo, be lmnsfcrred lo the Alluruoy Gon crul. A ‘ in his last anniiulmrssage to Congress. Mr. Mail‘- son invited attention to a proper provision for the Attorney General as an "important Improvement in exectitlvo establishment." This'recnmmendatinn was repeater! by‘some of his successors. 'l‘he oni cial duties ofthe Attorney General have been much increased within a few years, and his oilice has beé come one of‘greatvimpnrtnnce. "is duties may he still further increased with advantage to the public interests. A» an executive oflicer, his residence and constant attention at the seat ofgovernment are re quired. Legal questions involviiig impnrtant prinx t‘iplmt, and large amounts or public mnney, are cell‘- siaptly referred to him by the {resident and exec utive departments. (or his ex'aminatio'nand decision. The public business under his emetai management before the judiciary has been so augmented by the extent-inn of our territory. and the nets ofCongress authorizing s'aiia against the United States for large bodies 0! valuable pithlie‘lands. us greatly to in crease his lahors and responsibilities. I therefore recommend that that Attorney General ho placrd on the same footing with the beads of the othet exec utive departments. with such subordinate officers. provided by law for his department. in may be re qaired to discharge' the additional duties which have been or may be devolved upon him. [The President hero devotes a paragraph to the District of Columbia and its citizens, to whose wel t'are he asks the particular attention ofCongress.j [trust it may not be deemed inappropriate to the occasion for me to dwell‘for a moment on the memory of the most eminent citizen oftmr country. who. during the summer that is gone by. has dO - to the tomb. The enjoyment of con“!!!- plating, at the advanced age el near {our score years, the happy condition of his country. cheered the last hours ot’ Andrew Jackson, who departed this lite inlthetranquil hope 0! a blessed ii‘emortal ity. “is death was happy.“ hielife was eminent ly useful. He had an unfaliering confideiicein the virtue and capacity at the people. and in the per manence 0! that ireo'government which he had largely contrihiitedto establish and defend. Hm great deeds had secured to him the affections ofbis fallow citizens.and it was his happiness to Wllneafl the growth and glory 0! his country which he let'- ed so well. He departed amidst the benedictionn of millions offreemen. The nation paid its tribute to his memory nt liil (omit. Coming genemtinna will learn from him example the love of country and the rights of man! In his language on a similar oc‘ caston to the present, ‘ i now t‘mnmend ytiu. fellow citizens. to the guidance of Almighty God, with a full reliance on His tnermt'ul providence for the ‘innintenance ot' otir free institutions; and with an earnest aupplieatiou. that whatever errors it'rmay be my lotto commit iii discharging the arduous du ties which have devolved on me, will find a reme dy in the harmony and Wisdom of your counsels." JAMES K. POLK \VItSHtNtITON. DEC. ‘2. 1845. Budge Electwn. 7 ”E stockholders in lheCurwcnsviHc E Bridge company Wll| lake nolice Hull an election will he held at the house uf Robert Ross, on Saturday [he 20th of Dvcomber noxl, (or the purpose 0! elect ing officers for the ensuing year. By nulo-r n! (he "mud, I). HARTSIIORN, Prs’r. Curwensvillc, Nov. 25, 1845, ADMINISTRA'I‘OH’S NOTICE U'l‘lt‘E IS HEREBY GIVEN that N Letters 0! Administration have been ginntt'd tn the subsuibcr an the Estate 0} Nut; 11. B.tlt|\\'in. Intent Brady township Cln-ariield count}, t|cc7’L‘, therefore all per sons knowing thunnclvcs imlcbted tn suit! estate are requested to make immediate pav'nent. 21nd thnuc l.n\'ing tlcmnuds Wt” pl‘t‘il'nl them duty authenticated {or set tit-ment. ~ ' JOSEPH A. 'l'. HUNTER Nov. 28, 1845. . NEW GOODS. E 8!. \V. F. IRWIN have just receir . vet! and opened at their old stand, as large an asmruncnt oi as good goods, nml nil clu‘fl'p goudfivas cnn be had lrom u n_v ulhm slorc m Clearfield Cuumy. Theil stuck consisis of ‘ l . ‘ ‘ . DR 1’ (I 0006', [la rdur-a re. Hats, (best qua/fly) Drugs. Tin ware. Col/0n Yarn. Confectionary. CLOCKS. , Bras/nee. . Oils. :‘ Paints, Nails. flir-(ig/At, Slopes. _ .Cooking. Stoves. -7‘enplale... do. ‘ , .Stoucvpipe.. , ’l’olmcco.~ bcalquali- . Sugar. besbqualily 13/. ~ -] do. 'commop. 5‘6- 'l‘hevpub|ic nre ruweqllully'trqucsml .(0, call augl‘vexnmiuc, lor‘ themselvefig "‘3 they nrexletermincq‘lo render a“ pawl)“: snlisfnclion lolheir customers. .; ' . All kinds of grain. lumber. deer skim. rags. pork. beeswai'.‘ (allow. bullet. eggs. hogs" bristles. hides, furs, or we]; (.'./IS”. will be taken in.cxrlmnue for. goods. E. & W. F. IRWIN. , Cloanfielth 19m NOV/.1843; .v BNKS pm praigcld“;,anzzfo'rg bale. at “'l/n’vs Wieficheqf'j‘o‘f ,cf'ishf'v’ ‘, GRUCERIES, Shoes & Boots, . Cups of everyuuri el 'l’. L. - I Queensware. Umbrellas. .' Books a? vSlalionu— . ry. v Glass.- ~ ~ Looking Glasses. )Varnisl:. Sleigh Bells.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers