INAUGURAL ADDRESS• MARCEI 4, 1845 Frt. toir-cer tzeNs : Without solicition on my part, have been chosen by the free and voluntary soffit.- ges (Amy countrymen to the most hornet-able and most reponsilde office on earth. I am deeply impie-sad with gratitude for the confidence reposed in me. Honored with this distinguished consideration at Eta earlier peri od rdflife than any of my predece;gors, I cannot disguise the diffidence with which I am about to enter on the discharge of my official duties. If the more aged and experienced men who have fil let the office of President of the United States. even in the infancy of the republic, distrusted their ability to discharge the duties of that exalted stat ion, what ought not tobe the mprehensionv of one so much younger and less endowed, now that our domain extends from ocean to ocean, that our people have so greatly increa sed in numbers, and at a time when so great diversity of opinion prevails in regard to the principles and pol icy which should characterize the administration of our government? Well may the boldest fear, and the wis est tremble, when incurring responsibilities on which may depend our country's peace and prosperity, and, in some degree, the hones and happ;nes of the whole hu man family. In assuming responsibilities en vast, I fervently in yoke the aid of that Almighty ruler of the univeraa, in whose hands are the destinies of nations and of men, to guard this heaven-fallored land against the mis chiefs which. without His guidance, might arise from An unwise public policy. With a firm reliance upon -the wisdoin of Omnipotence, sustain and direct me in the path of duty which I em appointed to pursue, I stand in the presence of this assembled multitude o f my countrymen, to take upon myself the solemn obli gation "to the best of my ability, to preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States." A concise enumeration of the pinciples which will guide me in the administrative policy of the govern ment, is not only in accordance with Ihe examples me by all my Predereadore, hut is eminently befitting the occasion. 'file constitution itself, plainly written nc it is, ITie safeguard of our federative rompncr, the MT:Tiring of eeacea3ion and compromise, binding together in the bonds of pence nod union this great and inrreasine damily of free and independent States, will be the chart by which 1 shall be directed. It will he my first care to rimini4rer the govern ment in the true spirit of that instrument, and in as sume no pre ors not expressly granted o r clench• im plied in its terms. Ihe government of tie U States is one of delegated and limited poser.; and it is by a strict adherence to the clearly granted powers, and by abstaining from the exert ise of doubtful or unau thorized implied powers, that we have the only sure guatanty against the recurrence of those unfortunate collisions between the Federal and State authorities, which have occasionally so much disturbed the harmo ny of our system and even threatened the perpetuity of our glorious Union. "To the States respectively, or to the people," have been reserved ‘-the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States." Each State is a complete sovereignty with in the sphere of its reserved powers The govern ment of the Union, acting within the sphere of its del egated authority, is also a complete sovereignty.— While the general government should abstain from the exercise of authority not clearly delegated to it, the States should be equally carefnl that, in the main tenance of their rights, they do not overstep the lim its of power: reserved to them. One ef the moat dis tinguished of my predecessors attached deserved im portance to "the suppoit of the State governments in all their rights, as the most competent administration for our domestic concerns, and the surest bulwark against anti-republican tendencies;" and to the "pres ervation of the general government in its whole con stitutional vigor, as the sheet-anchor of uur peace at home, and n.tr safety abroad." To the government of the United States has been intrusted the exclusive management of our fnreign af fairs. Beyond that, it wields a few general enumera ted powers. It (lees not force reform on the States. It leaves individuals, over whom it casts its protecting influence, entirely free to improve their own condition by the legitimate exercise of all their mental and phys ical powers. It is a common protector of each and all the States; of every man who lives upon our soil, whether of native or foreign birth; of every religious sect, in their worship of the Almighty according to the dictates of their own sonscience; of every shade of opinion, and the most free inquiry; of every art, trade, end occupation. consistent with the laws of the States. And we rejoice in the general happiness. prosperity, and advancement of our country, which has been the offspring of freedom, and not of rower. The most admirable and wisest system of well regu lated self government among men. ever devised by hu man minds, has been tested by its successful opera tion for more than half a centor; and, if prese r ved from the usurpations of the federal government on the one hand, and the exercise by the States of powers not reserved to them, on the other, will, I fervently hope and believe, endure for ages to come, and dis pense the blessings of civil and religious liberty to dis tant generations. To effect objects so dear to every patriot, I shall devote myself with anxious solicitude. It will be my desire to guard against that most ft ilitful source of danger to the harmonious action of our sys• tem, which consists in substituting the mere discre tion and caprice of the executive , or ef majorities in the legislative department of the government, for pow ers which have been withheld from the federal govern ment, by the constitution. By the theory of our gov ernment, majorities rule; but this right is not an arbi trary or unlimited one. It is a right to be exercised in subordination to the constitution, and in conformity toil.. One great object of the constitution was to re strain majorities from oppressing minorities, or en croaching upon their just rights. Min or i t i es have a right to appeal to the constitution, as a shield against such oppression. That the blessings of liberty which our constitution secures may be enjoyed alike by minorities and ma jorities, the executive has been wisely invested with a qualified veto upnn the acts of the legislature. It is a negative power, and is conservative in its character. It arrests for the time hasty, inconsiderate, or uncon stitutional legislation; invites reconsideration, and transfers questions at issue between the legislative and executive departments to the tribunal of the peolde. Like all other powers, it is subject to be abused.— When judiciously and properly exercised, the consti— tution itself may be saved from itifraction, and the rights of all preserved and protected. The inestimable value of nor federal Union is felt and acknowledged by all. By this system of united earl confederated States, our people are permitted, collectively and individually, to seek their own happi ness in their own way; and the consequences have been most auspicious. Since the Union was formed, the number of States has increased from thirteen to twenty eight: two of these have taken their position as mem bers of the confederacy within the last week. Our population has increased from three to twenty tnillions. New communities and States are seeking protection tinder its tegis, and multitudes f out the Old Won Id are flocking to our shores to participate in its blessings. Beneath its benign sway, peace and prosperity prevail. Freed from the burden and miseries of war, our trade and intercourse have extended throughout the world. Mind, no longer tasked in devising means to accomp lish or resist schemes of ambition, usurpation, or con quest, is devoting itself to mares true interests, in de veloping his faculties and powers, and the capacity of nature to minister to his enjoyment. Genius is free to announce its inventions and discoveries; and the hand is free to accomplish whatever the head conceives, not incompatible with the rights of a fellow-being. All distinctions of birth or of rack have been abolish ed- All citizens, whether native or adopted, are pla ced upon terms of precise cquali:y. All are entitled to equal rights and equal protection No union ex ists between chuts h and state, and perfect freedom of opinion is guarantied to all sects and creeds. These are some of the blessings secured to oar hap py land by oaf federal Union. To perpetuate them, it 13 out sacred duty to preserve it. Who shall assign limits to the achievements of free minds and and free hands, under the protection of this glorious Union No treason to mankind, since the organiza tion of society, would be equal in atrocity to that of him who lifts his hand to destroy it. He wouldover throw the noblest structcre of human wisdom, which protects himselfand his fellow man. He would stop the progress of free government, and involve his cows try either in anarchy or despotism. He would extin guish the fire of liberty that warms rind animates the hearts of happy millions, and invites all the nations of the earth to imitate our example. If he say that error and wrong are committed in the administration of the government, let him remember that nothing human can be perfect; and that under no system of presen tment revealed by Heaven,or devised by man, has m t . son been allowed so free and broad a scope to combat error. Has the sword of despots proved to bee safer or surer instrument of reform in government than en lightened reason 7 Does he expect to find among the ruins of this Union a happier abode for. our swat ming millions than they now have under it 7 Every lover of his country must shudder at the thought of the possi bility of its dissolution, and will be ready to adopt the patriotic sentiment, "Our federal Union—it must be preserved." To preserve it. the compromises which alone enabled our fathers to form a common constitu tion for the government and protection of so many States, and distinct communities, of such diversified habits, interests, and domestic institutions, must be sa credly and religiously observed. Any attempt to dis turb or destroy these compromises, being terms of Union, can lead to none other than the most ruinous and disastrous consequences. It is a source of deep regret that, in some sections of ourcountry, misguided persons have occasionally indulged in schemes and agitations, whose object is the destruction of domestic institutions existing in other sections—institutions which existed at the adoption of the constitution, and were recognized and protected by it. All must see that if it were possible for them to be successful in attaining their object, the dissolution of the Union. and the consequent destruction of our hap py form of government, must speedily follow. I am happy to believe that at every period of our existence as a nation, there has existed, and contin ues to exist, among the great mass of our people, a de sauna to the Union of the States. which %sill shield and protect it against the motel treason of any who would seriously contemplate its destruction. To se cure a continuance of that devotion, the compromises of the constitution must not only he preserved, but sectional jealousies and heart-burnings must be discountenanced; and all should remember that they are members of the same political family, having a common destiny. To increase the at tachineut of our people to the Union, our laws laws should he just: Any policy which shall tend to Incur muuupuli%s , or the peculiar interest of sections or classes, must operate to the prejudice of the inte -1 rests of their fellow-citisens, and should be avoided. If the compromises of the constitution be preserved, —if sectional jealousies and heareburnings be dis couLtenanceil,—if our laws be ,just, and the govern ment be practically administered, strictly within the limits of power prescribed to it,—we me> discuid all apprehensions for the safety of the Union. With these views of the nature, character. and ob jects of the government. and the value of the Union, I shall steadily oppose the creation of those institutions and sytems which, in their nature, tend to pervert it 1 from its legitimate purposes, and make it the instru ment of sections, classes, and individuals. We need ' no national banks, or other extraneous institutions. planted around the government tocuntrul or strength en it in opposition to the will of its authors. Experi ence has taught us how unnecessary they are as auxil iaries of the public authorities how impotent for good, and how powerful for mischief. Ours was i n tended to be a plain and frugal govern mem; and I shall regard it to be my duty to recom mend to Congress, and as far as the executive is con cerned. to enforce by all means within my power, the strictest economy in the expenditure of the public money, which may be compatible with the public in terests. A national debt has become almost an institution of Europenn monarchies. It is viewed in some of them as an essential prop to existinggoverrmetits. Melan choly is the condition of that people whose govern ment can be sustained only by a system which periodi c Ally transfers largo amounts from the labor of the many to the coffers of the few. Such a system is in. compatible with the ends for which our republican government was in.rituted. Under a wise policy, the debts contracted in our revolution, and during the war of 181'2, have iseen happily extinguished. By a ju dicious Application of the revenues no; required fur other necessuty purposes, it is not doubted that the debt which has grown nut oftbe circumstances of the last few years ma; be speedily paid oft. I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the entire resto ration of the credit of the general governne•nt of the Union, and that of many of the States. Happy would it be for the indebted States if they were freed from their liabilities, molly of which were incentiously con tracted. Althou g h the government of the Union is neither in a legal nor a moral sense britiod fur the debts of the States, and it would be a violation of our compact of Union to assume them, yet we cannot but feel a deep interest in seeing all the States meet their public liabilities, and pay off their just debts, at the earliest practicable period. That they will do no, as soon as it can be done without imposing too heavy burdens on their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The sound, moral, and honorable feeling of the people of the indebted States, cannot be questioned ; and we ale happy to perceive a settled disposition on their port, as their ability returrs, aftet a season of unex ampled pecuniary embarassment, to pay off all just demon Is, and to acquiesce in any reasonable measures to accomplish that object. Oneof the difficulties which we Imre had to encoun ter in the practical aclthinistration of the government, consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of govern ment. In the general proposition, that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require, all parties seem to acqui esce. Nor does there seem to be any material differ. ence of opinion as to the absence of right in the govern ment to tax one section of country, or one class of citi zens, or one class of citizens, or ose occupation, for the mere profit of another. "Justice and sound policy for bid the federal government to foster one branch of in dustry to the detriment of another, orto cherish the interests of one portion to the injury of another por tion of our , common country " I haveheretofore de dared to my fellow-citizens that, in "my judgment. the duty of the government to extend, as far as it may he practicable to do so, by its revenue laws, and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to all the great interests of the whole U nion, embracing agriculture. manufactures, the me- CIIHIIiC arts, carnmerce, and navigation." I have al , so declared my opinion to be "in favor of a tariff for revenue." and that, "in adjusting the details of such a tariff, I have sanctioned such moderate discrimina ting duties as would produce the nmouat of revenue needed, and at the same time afford reasonable inci dental protection to our home iiidustry;" and that I as "opposed to tariff fur protection merely, and not for revenue." Idle power "to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises," was an indispensable one to be confer-I red on the federal government, which, without it, I would possess no means of providing for its own sup- j port. In executing this power by levying a tariff of duties for the support of government, the raising of revenue should be the object, and protection the inci dent. Tn reverse this principle, and make protection the object and renenue the incident, would be to in flict manifest in'ustice upon ull other than the protec ted interests.n levying duties fur revenue, it is dimhtless prime to make such discriminations within ,1 the revenue principle, as will afford incidental pro tection to our home inieren, NVithin the revenue limit, there i, a discretion t discrimination; beyond that limit, the rightful exercise of the power is not con ceded. The incidental pi mention afforded to our home interests by discriminations within the revenue range, it is believed will be ample. In making discrimina tions, all our home interests should, as far as practica ble, be equally protected.. The largest portion of our people are agriculturists. Others are employed in mnuu factures, commerce, navigation, and the mechanic arts; engaged in their respective pursuits, and their joint labors constitute the national or home industry. T.) tax one branch of this home industry fur the bene fit of another, would be unjust. No one of these inter ests can rightfully claim an advantage over the others, or to be enriched by impoverishing the other,. All are eqeally entitled to the fostering cure and protec tion of thegovernment. In exercising a sound discre tion in levying discriminating duties within the limit prescribed, care should be taken that it be done in a manner not to benefit the wealthy few, at the expense of the toiling millions, by taxing lowest the luxuries of life, or articles of superior quality and high price, which can only be consumed by the wealthy; and kighest the necessaries of life, or article, of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass of our people must onnuome. The burdens of govern ' mem shoo d, as far as practirable,be distributed justly and equally among all classes of our population. These general views, long entertained on this subject, mental, and that the delta of all are entitled to respect I have deemed it proper to reiterate. !and regard. It is a subject upon which conflicting interests of 1 Confidently relying upon theaid and assistance of the sections and occupations are supposed to exist, and a co-ordinate departments of the government in conduct spirit of mutual conces*ion and compromise in adjust- ing our public affairs. I enter upon the discharge of the ing its details should he cherished by every part of high duties which have assigned me by the people, our wide-spread country, as the only means of preserv- again humbly supplicating that Divine Being who ing harmony and • cheerful acquiescence of all In the has watched over and protected our beloved country operations of our revenue laws. Our patriotic citizens from its infancy to the present hour, to be continue in every part of the Union will readily submit to the His gracious benedictions upon us, that we may con payment of such taxes as shall be needed for the sup- tinue to be a prosperous and happy people port of their government, whether in peace or in war, if they are so levied as to distribute the burdens as equally as possible among them. The republic of Texas has made het desire to come into our Union to form a part of our confederacy, and enjoy with us the blessings cf liberty secured and guar antied by our constitution. Texas was once a part of our country was unwisely ceded sway to a foreign power—is now independent, and possesses an un doubted right to dispose of a part or a whole of her territory, and to merge her sovereignty, as a separate and independent State, in ours. I congratulate my country that, by an act of the late Congress of the Uni ted States, the assent of this government has been gi ven to the te-union; and it only remains for the two countries to agree upon the terms, to consummate an object so important to both I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas. They ate independent power., competent to contract•, and foreign nations have no right to interfere with them, or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not seem to appreciate the true character of our government. Our Union is a confederation of inde pendent States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge its limits, is to extend the dominion of pence over additional territories and increasing millions. The world has nothing to feur from military ambition in our government. While the chief magistrate and the popular branzh of Congress are elected fur short terms by the suffrages of those millions who must, in their own persons, bear all the burdens and miseries of war, our government cannot be otherwise than pacific. Foreign powers should, therefore, look on the annexation of Texas to the United States. not as the conquest of A nation seeking to extend her dominions by armsand violence. but es the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her own, by adding another member to our confederation. with the consent of that member--thereby diminishing the chances of war, and opening to them new and ever-in creasing markets for their products. To Texas the reunion is imporeant, because the strong protecting arm of our government would be ex tended over her, and the vast resources of her fertile soil and geniallclimnie would be speedily developed— while the safety of New Orleans tend of our a hole south western frontier against hostile aggression, as as well as the interests of the whole Union, would be promoted by it. In the earlier states of our national existence, the opinion prevailed with some, that our system of confe derated states could nut act SUCCCS 4fully over en extend ed territory, and serious objections have, at different times, been made to the enlargement of our boundaries. These objections were earnestly urged when we ac quired Louisiana. Experience has shown that 'ley were not well founded. The title of numerous Indian tribes to vast tracts of country has been extinguished. New states have been admitted into the Union—new Territories have been created, and our jurisdiction and laws extended over them. As our populati has ex panded, the Union has been ceme..ted and strengthen ed; as our boundaries have been enlarged, and our ag ricultural population hasbeen spread over n large sur face, our federative system has aroptired additional strength and security. It may well be doubted wheth er it would be in greater danger of overthrow if our present reerlation were confined to the comparatively narrow limits of the original thirteen states, than it in. now that they are sparsely settled over a more expand ed territory It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our tart itoriel limit.; and that, as it shall he extended, the bonds ,:f our Union, so far front being weakened, will become stronger. None can foil to see the d inger to our safety and future peace, if Texas remains an independent Siete, oz becomes an ally Or dependency of some foreign nation more powerful than herself. Is there one a mong our citizens who would not prefer perpetual peace with Teens to occasional wars, which 'to often occur between bordering independent nations? Is there one who would not prefer flee intercoorse with her, to high duties on all our products end manufactu res which enter her ports or cross her frontiers? Is theft- one who would not prefer an unrestricted corn mintieation with her citizens, to the frontier obstruc tions which must occur if she remains out of the lit,ion? Whatever la good or evil in the locul institu tions of Texas, will remain her own, whether annexed to the United Staters or not. None of the present States will be responsible for them, any more than they are for the local institutions of each other. They have confederated together fur certain special objects-- Upon the same principle that they would refuse to form a perpetual union with Texas, because of her lo cal institutions, our forefathers would have been pre vented from forming our present Union. Perceiving no valid objection to the measure, and many reasons for its adoption, vitally affecting the pence, the safety, and the prosperity of both countries, I shall, on the broad principle which formed the Email; and produced the adoption of our constitetion, and not in any nar row spirit of sectional policy, endeavor, by all consti- unionftl, honorable, and appropriate means, to consum mate the expressed will of the people and government of the United States, by the re-annexation of Texas to our Union at the earliest practicable period. Nor will it become in a less degree my duty to assert and maintain by all constitutional means, the right of the United States to that p onion of our terrritory which lies beyond the Rocky mountains. Our title to the country of the Oregon is "clear and unquestionable;" and already are our people preparing to perfect that title by occupying it with their wives and children. But eighty years ago, our population was confined on the west by the ridge orate Alleghenies. Within that period—within the lifetime, I might say, of some of my hearers—our people, increc sing to many millions, have filled the eastern valley of the Mississippi, ad venturously ascended the Missouri to its head 'timings; and are already engaged in establishing the blessings of self-government in valleys, of which the rivers flow to the Pacific. The world beholds the peaceful tri umphs of the industry of our emigrants. To us be longs the ditty of protecting them adequately wherever they may be upon our soil. The jurisdiction of our laws, and the benefits of our republican institutions, , should be extended over them in the distant regions which they have selected for their homes. The in creasing facilities of intercourse will easily bring the States, of which the formation in that part of our terri tory cannot be long delayed, within the sphere of our I federative Union. In the mean time, every obligation imposed by treaty or conventional stipulations should be sacredly respected. In the manngement of our foreignrelation+, it will be my aim to observe a carefnl respect for the rights of other nations, while our own will be tie subject of constant watchfulness. Equal and exact justice should characterise all our intercourse with foreign countries. All alliances having a tendency to jeopard the welfare and honor of our country, or sacrifice any one of the national interests, will be studiously avoided; and yet no opportunity will be lost to cultivate a favorable understanding with foreign governments, by which our naviption and commerce may be extended, and the ample products of onr fertile soil, as well as the' manufactures of our skilful artisans, find a ready market and remunerating prices in foreign countries, In taking "care that the laws be faidhfullyexecuted," a strict performance of duty will be ekacted from all public officers. From those officers, especially, who are charged with the collection and disbursement of the pubic revenue, will prompt and rigid accountabili ty be required . Any failure or delay on their part to account for the moneys entrusted to them, at the times and in the manner required by law, will, in every in stance, terminate the official connexion of such default ing officer with the government• Although, in our country, the chief magistrate must almost of necessity be chosen by a party, and stand pledged to its principles and measures, yet in his official action, he should not be the President of a part only, but of the whole pecple of the United States. While he executes the laws with an impartial hand, shrinks from no proper responsibility, and faithfully earliest out in the executiue department of the government the principles and policy of those who have chosen him, be should not be unmindful that our fellow-citizens who have differed with him in opinion are entitled u" the full and free exercise of their opinions and judg- iirbe Onilp ,ftlorning post. THOS PHILLIPS St WM. H. SMITH, EDITORS PITTSBURGH, THURSDAY, MARCH 6, 1845 PRESIDENT roLK's INAUGURAL. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, MARCH 5 We publish our paper for Thursday morning many bouts in advance of the proper ti ne, in order to put our readers in possession of the Inaugural Address of President Polk. It came to our city by mail, in 25 hours from Washington•—and arrived much sooner than we expected it. We believe it came by express to Cumberland. From a hasty g'ance at this paper, we see that de cision of tone which should have been expected from the pupil and friend of Jactson. In his remarks on the blessings of the Union, the President is eloquent— in speaking of a national bank, he is positive and clear—of a Tariff, he has the same language he used during the campaign. We shall have more to say of the Inaugural hereafter. "He shall have paper crowns to play withal, But no coronation." HENRY CLAY has boen chosen President of the —American Colonisation Society. How the words preceding the dash in this sentence would have made an ardent whiz, in a remote pint of the world, hold his breath. Wos'r Go To THE POOR HousE —The city of Allegheny purchased a farm last summer for the pur pose of settling its Poor thereon, and making them earn their own living. The houses for their reception having recently been completed,nnd officers anointed to take charge of it, the persons who hail been main tained at the public charge in Allegheny, were inform ed that they must be removed and take up their resi dence at the Poor House Form. Of tipwaids of 100 nut more than about 25 were willing to go, and some were trite indignant at the mention of it—"l go to the Pune blouse indeed," said une—'•nin't you ashatned to even mention such a thing to me. If I muse work, I must, but I'll not go to the Poor House." One of the paupers, who could not possibly maintain himself; and would not go peaceably, was hauled out in a wagon. A RFASULAR lirtioimx —The dnughyn of Jeptha Sanborn, a judge of one of the new courts of lowa, has shot two full grown bears the past winter. The animals came prowling about her father's premises in the absence of any of the men folks, when Miss S. up with a rifle and shot them. Oh! Jeptha, judge of lowa, what a daughter hest thou! PRECISION The second section of the Ordinance, passed the 24th day of February, 1845, and published in your pa per of yesterday, reads as follows, viz: "Be it ordained and enactod, that from and after the passage of this Ordidance, all Ordinance,. now in force relative to city Printing, be and the same are hereby repealed." The chnrncterstic fullness and surplusage of legal pionseologv is tathur overdone in the above section. The words I have italicized, have the effect of obscu ring the senienre, and might safely have been omitted. No advantage could have been gained by nn attempt to construe the Ordinance wanting these words, to mean that the other Ordinances were or would be re pealed before the passage of this one. It is feared that the mania for too much law and legislation is descending front the legislatures to our city Solon,. Q. From the N. Y. Plebian. TEI E POST OFFICE BILL AS IT PASSED THE HOUSE For every single letter, in manuscript, or paper of any kind by or upon which information shall be asked for or communicated in writing, or by marks and signs conveyed in the mail, for any distance under three hundred miles, five cents, and for any greater distance ten cents; double, treble, and quadruple letters to be charged proportionably; every letter or parcel not ex ceeding half an ounce in weight to be deemed a single letter, and every additional weight lets than a half an ounce, shall be charged with en additional postage. Drop letters—that is, those delivered in the city where they are deposited in the post office—are to be char ged with the cost of advertising (two cents) in addi• tion to the postage when delivered. Newspapers, of no greater size than nineteen hun dred square inches, may be transmitted through the mail to within thirty miles of where they are published free of postage; if sent over thirty miles, the samepos tagechatged as nt present. Private circular letters, unsealed, are subject to a postage o f two cents. The franking privilege, as it now exists, is utterly abrogated and repealed ; and officers of the Govern ment of the United States, heretofore having the frank ing privilege, are required to keep an account of the business letters which they receive, the postage on which is to be paid by the department to which they are attached. The assistant postmasters general are allowed to frank, but must endorse their letters or packages "official business," sad if they should not be on official business, they are liable to a penalty of three hundred dollars fur each offence. Deputy postmas ters are to have all the postage they pay on besiuess letters refunded, and if their commissions do not a mount to twenty five dollars per annum, then the Post master General is allowed to increase them. Governors of States are allowed to transmit by the mail, free of postage, certain books and documents; and members of Congress, the Secretary of State, and Clerk of the House of Representatives, con frank all public printed documents, and leaves the franking priv ileges of the Senators and Reptesentatives, on all let ters and packages not exceeding two ounces is weight, the some as it now is; and they are also allowed to re ceive letters and paackages during the session, as well as thirty days before and after the same. The Post master General is to keep an account of the charge on all matter that goes through the mail free, which is to be refunded from the contingent fund or from the Trea sury. Newspapers, pamphlets, books and periodicals, can be sent out of the mail, over the moil mutes, by pub lishers, agents, or others, without hindrance from the Department. Private expresses, to perform regular trips, on mail routes, and transport mailable matter, are expressly prohibited under a penalty of one hundred and fifty dol lars for each offence. Stage coaches, steamboats, rail road cars, packet boats, Stc„ with the owners, mana gers, servants, crews, &c., performing regular trips on post routes, are prohibited from carrying letters or magazines, unless they relate to the argo or some part of it, or the articles conveyed in the stage coach, car, or other vehicle, under a penalty of hundred dollars for each offence, to be paid by the owner, and fifty dollars by the captain, driver, or other person in charge, not being an owner in whole or in part. Seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars is appro priated from the Treasury to be applied to the Depart ment, in case of any deficiency in its income,. cau sed by the general reduction of postage made by this act. Newspapers are defined to be any printed publica tion, issued in numbers, consisting of not more than two sheets, and published at short stated intervals of not more than one month, conveying intelligence of passing events, and bona fide extras and supplements of any such publication. Nothing in the act shall be corunined to repeal the laws heretofore enacted, granting the franking privil ege to the widows of the ex-Presidents Madison and Harrison I A Goon ons.—The "A rhasidesus -in: speaking of 1 George Jones. "the American Trsgedisn," says that tin he wrote of "Tecumseh," Col Johnson alone bad the honor of murdering that chief--sots it is divides!. To Let. THE STORE on the corner of Fifth and Union streets now occupied by J. Patterson. Apply to JAMES MAY. mnr 6 Large and extensive Sale of Neu. and Second hand Furniture at Auction. AT Davis' Commercial Auction Rooms, corner of Wood and Fifth streets, to-day, Thursday, March 6th, at 2 o'clock, P M., will be sold the fur niture of a private family declining house-keeping, comprising in part: cane seat chairs; do do Rocking do; vrindsor rocking chairs; fancy and common chairs; bedsteads and sacking bottoms; wash stands; mahoga ny veneered dining tables; cherry breakfa.t. tables; 1 mantel clock; cradle and clothes horse, with a variety of kitchen utensils. Also, at the same time the bal ance of Stock of a Cabinet maker declining business, viz: 29 curled maple. cherry end poplar high post bedsteads: 22 French do do; 6 trundle bedsteads; 15 cherry and poplar breakfast tables, with several other articles in the turnittne line. Also. I glass or bow window, with shutters; I glass car.; b lot of buckets and seats. J D DAVIS. mar 6 Avctioneer. PLACES for several Gardener., Farmers and La borers, with and without small families. Also, for several Clerks, Salesmen, IVnreheuse Men, in wholesale and retail Stores and Commission ware houses. Also, fur Waiters in private families, Board ing houses, Hotgis, and Steam and Canal Boats. &c. Cooks, Chambermaids and girls for all work provided for families, &c. at short notice. IV' A number of colored men, boys, women and girls, want places in private families or in Hotels, Canal or Steam Boats. All kinds of agencies attended to at the shortest notice and for moderate charges. Please call at HARRIS' General Agency and Intelligence Office, No 9, Fifth street. mar 6-1 w To Me Honorable the Judges of the Court of Gen eral Quarter Sessions of the Peace, in and for the County of Allegheny. The petition of James Hughes, of Pitt Township, in the county aforesaid, respectfully sheweth, That your petitioner hath provided himself with ma terials for the accommodation of travelers and others. at his dwelling house in the township aforesaid, and prays that your honors will be pleased to grant him a license to keep a public house of entertainment. And your petitioner, as in duty bound, will pray. We, the subscribers, citizens of Pitt township, do certify, that James Hughes, the above petitioner, is of good mpuie for honesty and temperance, and is well provided with house room and conveniences for the acccommodation of travelers and others, and that said tavern is necessary. James C. Cummins, David Jones, John Hays, E. D. Gazzam, Eyed Foran, John Leacock, J no. 13. Butler, James Nl'Kelvy, John Farrell. Henry Little, Jackson liessin, B. Kane. m6-13t.• To the Honorable the Judges of the Court of Gen eral Quarter Searions of the Peace, in and for the County of Allegheny. The petition of Eliza Pomeroy, of Roas Township, in the county aforesaid, respectfully sheweth. That your petitioner heti; provided herself with ma tet ials for the accommodation of travelers and others, at her dwelling house in the city aforesaid, and prays that your honors will be pleased to grant her a lice nse to keep a public house of entertainment. And your petitioner, as in duty bound, o ill pray. ELIZA POMEROY. TOR Tilt POST NVe, the subscribers, citizens of Ross Town ship, do certify, that the above petitioner is of good repute for honesty and temperance, and is well provi ded with house room and conveniences for the accom modation of travelers and others, and that said tavern is neces4ary. James Thomson, Robert M'Donald, Michael Brannon, A. Miller. R Thomson, Samuel Metter, Abraham Sather, Williiam Flagg, John Lambie, Reuben Snider, William IWFurland, James R. Holmes. m6-d3t.• To the Honorable Ike Judges of the Caurt of Gene ral Quarter Se•eione of the Peace, in andfos the Cosnly of Allegheny. The petition of William W , of Findlay Town ship, in the county aforesaid, humbly sheweth, That your petitioner }lath provided himself with materials for the accommodation of travelers and others, at his dwelling house in the Township aforesaid, end prays that your honors will be pleased to grant him a license to keep a public house of eotertainmeot. And your petitioner, as in duty bour.d. will pray. WILLIAM WEAVER. We, the subscribers, citizens of Findlay Township, do certify, that William Weaver the above petition er is of good repute for honesty and temperance, and is well provided with house room and conveniences for the accommodation of travelers and others, and that said tavern is nece.sary. G P Nelson, Chalks Aten, Horace M'Murtrie, A B Smith, Isaac Onstot.. M A Armer, William Eaton, Wm A Thompson, James Morgan, John Swearingen, Alexander Aminle, John Pollock. mar 6-3td* Texas is to be Annezed to the Union!!! But that has not prevented a new arrival of valna ble and popular cheap works at COOK'S LITERARY DEPOT, No. 85 FOURTH STREET, among which are the following. HARPER'I ILLUMINATED BIBLE. NO. 19. The story of a Feather, by Douglas Jerrold, from "Punch," with two illustrations. Thirlwall's History of Greece, No. 7, one more number completes the work. Miss Martineau's Letters on Mesmerism, price 6 cents. "The Maid of Honor," or the Magnet* of St. Bar tholomew, a tale of the thirteenth century, Harper's edition. The Regent's Daughter, translated from the French of Alexander Dumas, by Cbas. H. Town. The Columbian Magazine for March, with two beautiful engravings and a fashion plate. Liebig's Familiar Lectures on Chemistry. The Magic Goblet, or the consecration of the church of Hammarby, by Mrs. Emilie Carlen, author of "the Rose of Thistle Island." The Life and adventures of Alonzo, the chattering lay brother and servant of many masters. A New System of Domestic Cookery by Mrs. Ran dell, from the sixty-sevetath London edition. • Macauley's Miscellanies, cheap edition bound. Besides a variety of other new and interesting works. Call at COOK'S Literary Depot, No 85, Fourth street. march 5.4 t. Books for Colleges, Academies and Schools. GESENINS' Hebrew Lexicon, by Robinson; Gibbs' Hebrew Lexicon; Stewart's Grammar, Stewart's Clarestomathy; Bush's Grammar; Hahn's Hebrew Bible, (Leipsic edition); Groves' Greek and English Lexicon; Donnegan's, do 'dot Ewing's, do dr:s Aim worth's Latin Dictionary, both sixes; Leveritt's do do; Entiek's do dtr, Bullion's, Ross', Anthon's, Gould's, and Andrew's and Stoddard's Latin Grammars; Anthon's, Yalpy's, and Goodrich's Greek Gram mars. All of Antbon's Series of Classical Books; Gould's, Ovid, Javenal,Cicern de Orator and Fohum's Livii; Homer's llliadt Smart's Cicero, Virgil and Horace; Davis' Mathematical Works, Plenfain's and Simpson's Euclid.; Bonnyeastle's and Day's Algebra; Geographies comprising Olney's Mitchell's, Smith's, Woodbridge's,Smiley's, Mahe Bruno's, ParleyN,Hunt ingdons and Burritt's Geography of the Heavens. The above, with a general assortment of all the different scremifie and classical Books that are used ' in Colleges generally, for sale at the wholesale and retail Book and Paper warehouse of CHARLES H. KAY, mar 5 corner of Wood and 3d sts. I American and Gazette copy. WANTING, JAMES HUGHES Cask Stare itasunsul. THE subscribers have reamed their Wholesale Dry Goods astablishnsent from No 99. to No 128 Woos street, one door above the corner of Mb, where they are now receiving • large and cesisfally selected stock of Dry Goods, to which they respect fully invite the attention of country merehaats mad dealers generally. This is the only Wholesale Dry Good house in this city, that confines its sales to omit only, and at we are willing to sell goods at do very lowest grade, and at uniform prices to all,. kis' an as for merchants 'visiting this city to make parelhasesi for cash, to call and examine our stock and prices be. fore purchasing. TIERNAN & JONES, m5-2wd. 123 Wood street, Ph:taboret. Waysnburgh Messenger, Pa., Butler Herald, Mari etta lntelligencer, 0.. Charleston IKersawha paper, Va., each copy to the amount of 2 dollars, sad charge this office. MA= Elka CANAL BOAT FURNITURE AT NO 4 WOOD STREET. O HAVE in store and for sale low, • large assort ment of Bunk Frames, Swinging Cots, Canvass Frames, Cushions, Mattresses, Quilts, Sheets, Slips, Pillows, &c. &c. WM. NOBLE, Bedding Warehouse, near the mar 5 corner of Wood and Water sts. Building Lots For Salo. IIV bilge lots on the Fourth-street reed, bounded 1. on the east and west by Mr. Miller's property, opposite to G. Gurnbert's. One lot is 45 fest lam on the road. and 120 beck, to a 24 foot alley; the other is 47 feet I I inches, also fronting on the road, by 120 deep. These lots will be sold together or divided, to suit purchasers. Also, Four lots in Lseevv ilk, fronting on Oeittitil/- street, 20 feet front by 100 back. MI the above Lots are pleuantly situated, themes the Fourth-street Road particularly so, having a beau. tiful sycamore tree, which would shade a bbuso *dad rably. The above property, if not sold previous to the 22d day of March next, will be offered at public sale na that day at 3 o'clock, P. M., on the ground, ol the Fourth-street Road, and in Lacryville at 4 o'clock. The terms will be liberal. For further pa• t apply to Anthony Beaten, Commission Meichout. Front street, Geo. L RKe, near the Toll•gateef or to David Beeler, Peebles township, on the Fourth-attest Road. mar 3-dikw 5. 8. atelasses. 5 (1--118 . LS. "Goodales" S. H. Molasses, just ro• V ceived and for sale by J. W. BURBRIDQE & CO., Water street. New Oil Store. JOHN M'MASTERS, Ja., AGENT. DEALER in Sperm, Elephant, Seal, Whale, Laid, Tanners' and Linseed Oils. Sperm and Wax Candles; Spirits of Turpentine, White Lead, du. &e. N. E. Corner of Hand and Liberty streets, Pitts. burgh, Pa. mar 3-d3m AIeGUI FEY'S Eclectic School Bonita; Cribb'il new series of Readers, Nos. 1,2, 3,4, and St* Smith's new Arithmetic and Grammar; Smith's Mitchell's, Olney's. and Morse's Geographies; Bel. lion's English and Latin Grammars; Parley's Coes. mon School History ; Sander's Speller and Reader., No.. 1,2, and 3.; ,just received and for sale cheap fur. cash or good clean rags by J. H. MELLOR, m 4. 122, Wood street. To the Honorable the Judges of the Court of Gex eral Quarter Sessions of the Peace, in nail fur the County of Allegheny. HE petition tif Benj Carpenter, of VersaillesT t p., in the county aforesaid, respectfully sbunr. eth, That your petitioner bath provided himselrnidt materials for the accommodation of travelers "and an ent at his dwelling house in the township tromemid, and prays that yoir honors will be pleased togrant him a license to keep a public house of eutertaitiment.... And yout petitioner as in duty bound, will pray. BENJ. CARPENTER. Wc. the subscribers, citizens of Versailles township, do certify, that Benj Carpenter, the above petitioner, is of good repute for honesty and temperance, and la well provided with house room and conveniences for the accommodation of travelers and others, and that said tavern is necessary. John Miller, George Maki., John Michael, Isaac Taylor, W Michael, Danl Long, mS-3t' To the Honorable Ike Judges of the Court ofGeue. ral Quarter Sessiosu of the Peace, in and for ag County of Alleghemy. The petition of James M'Aleer, Rona Township, in the county aforesaid, humbly sheweth, That year petitioner bath provided himself with materials for the accommodation of travelers and ethers, at his dwelling house in the township aforesaid, and prays that yaw Honors will be pleased to grant him a license to keep a public house of entertainment. And your petitioner, as in duty bound, will pray. JAMES WALEER, We, the subscribers, citizens of Ross Township. do certify, that James M' A leer, the abovepetitiooer, is of good repute for honesty and temperance, and is well provided with house room and conveniences for the accommodation of travelers and others, and that said tavern is necessary Robert Hare, yr., Robert Morrow, _ . John Morrow, Thomas Morrow, Baltasar Good, James Boyd, m4-3d4 To the Honorable the Judges of the Court of Gene ral Quarter Sessions of the Peace, is and far the County of Allegheny. The petition of John Cheney, of Lou township, in the county aforesaid, respectfully sbewetb, Viet your petitioner bath provided himself with materials for the accommodation of travektrs and others, at his old stand in the township aforesaid, and prays that your Honors will be pleased to rant him a license to keep a public house of entertainment, and yintir.petir tioner as in duty bound, will pray. JOHN CHENEY. We, the undersigned, cidaens of Ross toweehip, do certify, that John Cheney, die above petitioster, is of good repute fur honesty and temperance, and is well provided with house room and conveniences foe the acwmmodation of travelers and others, sad that said tavern is necessary Alex. M'Elwain, James Pel'Aleer, B. Good, Jobs Morrow, Robert Morrow, U. Hiland4, m4-d3 t. Toite Honorable the Judges of the Coarse' Gene ral Quarter Bessions of tie Pease, bested/eras County of Allegheny. The petition of Rudolph Hunzeker, of the 4th ward Allegheny, in thecounty aforesaid humbly sbewegh, That your petitioner path provided himself with staters. als for the accommodation of travelers aad others, at his dwelling house in the ward aforesaid, aid prays that your Honors grill be pleased to grant him license to keep a pahli.: house of entertainment. And your petitioner, as in duty bowed, will pray. RUDOLPH HUNZEXER. - - We, the subscribers, citizens of the 4th ward, Allegheny, do certify, that Rudolph Hanselter,the ahoy,* petitioner is of good repute for honesty and tralpsiranee; and is well provided with house roues and converdea. ces for the accommodation of travelers and others, and that said"tavern is necessary. John N. Straub, J. Bender. V. Stork, Francis Hence, F. Gamer, B. Renter, Jacob Lehman, • - Leonard Strati, Lewis Struab, John C. Schhnidt, Nicholas Zinsmister, C. Rcnnback. 3 m4-d3t. John A Robinton, Jacob Keister, Wrn Day, Larkin St inehconibe, Levi Miller, John Howell. Nichelas Ch:ood, John Houlson, Joseph Bradley, Daniel Burnes, Peter I vory,jr, Peter Ivory, Sr. Peter Ivory, A. J Jack, John Silliman, Samuel SiHimon t Wm. Lackey, G. Cooper,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers