41 . 1)cPally Oloniing PoM._ THOS. PHiLIeIPS & W. H. SIEITH, EDITORS. PIiTSII-1, FRIDAY, lEMBER,_.6 Maw:taxi's Mirssum.—The rresident's ideseutge. came by express to one of our cotemporat lea, yester day afternoon. We lay it before our readers this stunning, to the exclusion of almost every thing else. PRESIDENT'S z T) LA 8 2 To the Senate and House of Representatgres of the United Stales. We have continued cattle for ewes's• sing our gratitudeto the Supreme Ruler of the universe for the , benefits and blessings 'which our country, under his kind Provi dence, has-enjoyed during the past year. otwithetanding the exciting scenes Through which we •have prssed, nothing tias occurred to disturb the general peace, or to derange the harmony of our political I -system. The great moral spectacle has been exhibited of a nation, appleximaiing i numberto-20 000,900 of people, having -performed the high and important function of electing their Chief Magistrate, for the term of four years, without the commis sion or any act of violence, of the tnani. festation of a spirit of insubordination to the laws. The great and inestimable right of suf frage, has been exercised by all who were invested with it, under the laws of the dif. ferent States, in a spirit dictated alone by a desire, in the selection of the agent, to advance the interests of the country, and to 'place beyond jeopardy the institutions under which it is our happiness to live. That the deepest interest has been mini, fasted by all our countrymen in the result of the election is not less true, than highly creditable to them. Vast multitudes have assembled from time to time, at various places, for the purpose of canvassing the merits and pretensions of those who were presented for their suffrages; but no armed soldiery has been necessary to restrain, within proper limits, the popular zeal, or to prevent violent outbreaks. A principle much more controlling was found in the love of order and obedience to the laws, which, with mere individual exceptions. every where possess the American mind, and controls with an influence far mote powerful than hosts of armed inen. We cannot dwell upon this picture with out recognising in it that deep and devoted attachment un the part of the people, to thg institutions under which we live, which! proclaims their perpetuity. The great ob jection which has always prevailed against the election, by the people, of their Chief , Executive officer, had been'the apprehen-1 sion of tumults and disorders, which might involve in ruin the entire Govornmeat.— A security against this, is found not only in the fact above alluded to, but the ad. ditional fact that we live under a confed eracy embracing already twenty-six States; no one of which has power to control the election. The popular vote in each State • is taken at the time appointed by the laws, and such vote is announced by the Elect°. sal College, without reference to the de.• vision of the other States. The right of suffrage, and the mode of conducting the election, is regulated by the laws cf each State ; and the election is distinctly. federative in all its prominent featutes. Thus it is that, unlike what might be the results under a consolidated , system, riotous proceedings, should they prevail, could only affect the elections in single states, without disturbing, to any dangerous irritant, the tranquility of oth. ere. The great experiment of a political confederacy; each member of which is supreme—as to all matters appertaining to its local interests, and icternal peace and happiness—while by a voluntary compact with others, it confides te the united pow ' er of all, the protection of its citizens, in matters not domestic—has been so far crowned with complete success. The 'world has witnessed its rapid growth ittwealth and population; and, te , der the guide and direction of a superin tending Providence, the developments of the past may be regarded but es the shad owing forth of the mighty future. In the bright prospect of that future we shall find, as patriots end philanthropists, the fighest inducements to cultivate and che• rish a love of union, and to frown down every measure or effort which may be made to alienate the States, or the people of the States, in sentiment and feeling,from each other. A rigid and close adherence' to the terms of our political compact. and above all, a sacred observance of the guar- antics of the Constitution, will preserve ue nion on a fuuudation which cannot be sham ken; while personal liberty is placed be , yond hitzarcl of jeopardy. The guaranty of religious freedom; freed om of the press, of the liberty of speech, of the trial by jury, of the habeas corpus, andl of the domestic institutions of each of the States—leaving the private citizen in the full exercise of the high and ennobling at tributes of his nature, and to each State the privilege which, can only be judiciously exerted by itself, of consulting the means best caculated to advance its own happim ness, these are the great and important guaranties of the Constitution, which - the lovers of liberty must cherish and the ad vocates of union must ever cultivate. Pre-. serving these,mnd avoiding all interpola tions by force I construction, under the guise of an imagined expediency, upon the,constitutton, the influence of our po litical system is destined to be as actively and as beneficially felt on the distanti shores of Pacific, as it is now on those of the Atlantic Ocean. The only formidable impediments in the way of its successful expansion, (time and -space,) are so far in the progress of modi fication, by the improvements of the age, es to render no longer speculative the bility of Repregentatives from Mutt re• mote region, to come up to the Capitol, States and the Government of flet Bei. so that their constituents shall participate tanr.ic Majeity, which were adverted'to in all the benefits of Federal legislation. lin a . previous Message. it is se obviously Thus it is, that in the proms.; of time, ; the interest of both cou.ntries, in respect the 'inestimable principles of civil liberty ,to the large and valdttble commerce which will be enjoyed by millions yint uuborn,exists between the nconsiderable, shoti,tl be, m, thatall course of corn. and the great bent fits of our sty stem of i plaint, however i 'Government be extended to now distant with the greatest pia mptitude, removed— and uninhabited Tegions. In view of the 1 that it must -be regarded as a cause of re vast wilderness yet to be reclaimed, we I gret, that any unneceasary delays should may well invite the lover of freedom, of, be permitted to intervene. every land,-to take up his abode among 1 It is trim that, in apesuniary point of view, the mat tees alluded to are, ratiterether, insignificant in tinment,t e w e h tL n e. co m pared he es, and assist us in the great work of ad the standard of civilization, and tbe with ev ti tr e:vie resources . of i tha l t . g r h ea 1 giving a wider spread to the arts and re- limited class they, arise under rn mare part i cu l ar ly ana r L i fe,- l'finententa of cultivated life. Out prayers t tion mk t American stuns on the coast-of Africa, upon should evermore be offered up to t h e the isaken si m pesition indulged in at the time the was committed, of their being en g aged in the VOW I Of the Universe for his wisdom to wr on g slas° trade—deeply affect the sensibilities of the direct us us in the path of our duty, so as to i ernment and the people. enable us to consummate these high par. Great Britain having recognizedher r esponsibility to ena poses. repair all such - wrongs , by her action in other cases, . t leaves nothing to be re g retted upon the subject, as to One of the ell ongest objections winos I all cases prior to the Treaty of Washington, than the has been urged against confederacies, by I delay in making snitahle reparution insuch of them writers ou government, is the liability of as fall plainly within the principle e f others, which she has i l o ng h sinceadjusted. The injury inflicted by de , the members to be tampered with by for javyuspl,nnlttheoefielihmesteetsclaiemesd, f m a e ll k Litt e . se t v re e e ri-, 1 sign governments, or the people of foreign s e ttlement i ndi vid ua l governments, or -the people of foreign , a ppeal to her magnanimity and sense of justice for stron g states, either in their local affairs, or in i speedy settlement. Other matters. arising out of the such as affs.cted the peace of others, or ens e erstr and uctioo of existing treaties, also remain unadjust willContinue to be urged upon her attention. dangered the safety of the whole confeder- The laheri ill the joint of acy. 'We cannot hope to be entirely ex- two g overtnents r u nto the c ommittee dii.idi appoi n ted by t he e g i iee established empt from such attempts on our peace and by the had of Washington, were titifot tunetely, much safety. The United States are becoming delayed in the commencement of the season by the • failure of Congiess, at the last session, to make a time , too I mportant in population and resources ly appropriation of funds to meet the expenses of the , not to attaact the observati-n of other DS.. American fealty, and by other causes. The United Lions. It therefore may. in the progress of 1 states Commissioner, however, expresses his expec. time, occur that opinions , entirely abstract' in the states in which they may prevail, nation that, by increased diligence and energy, the party will be able to make up the lust time. We continue to teceise assurances of the most and in no degree aff cting their domestic friendly feelings on the part of all other Erir : i 'la: 1 institutions,• may Lr e artfully, but secretly, powers, with each, and all of whom am , it us Ie SO relations. e tli- I encouraged with a view to undermine the l N y cu interest to cultivate the most ica Union. or can anticipate the occurrence of any event which would be likely, in any degree, to disturb those Such opinions may become the founda- relations. ; Russia, the g reai northern power, under don of political parties, until at last the the judicieus sway of her Emperor, is constantly ad conflict of opinion producing an alienation while to the road of science and comment; g uided by the councils of her wise anv• of friendly feeling among the people of the e . ,,, t ° Pratte, g n, pursues a course calculated to consolidate the a • ifferent States. may involve in one genet- I g t.neral Once. Spain has cbtained a breathing spell of destruction the happy institutions under some duration from the internal convulsions which al we live. It should ever be borne have, through so many years. marred her prosperity; which in while AuStrin, the Netheilands, Prussia, Bel g ium and regard toin mind that what is true in - the other powers of Europe, reap a rich harvest of dividuals, is equally so in regard to States, blessines ' from the prevailing peace. I l An interference of one in the affairs of an - / in'formed the two U . Con g ress in my , other is the fruitful source of family dirt_ givenrTessa t g o e I c i Fr December vi last. t hat ‘ instructions had been 1 tensions and neighborhood disputes, and 1 gate ii tre . aty ie v a i t i o h n t , h o e ur Germanicllinistersattatellsercliin, to ?e -1 the same cause effects the peace, happiness I the 'Loll ,Vereiti. if it could tie dune — stipulating, n a g s l an d prosper i t y of States. It may be most I far os it w as practicable to accomplish it. fur a reduc devoutly hoped that the good sense of the tiro tba c o c r o 1 , . , a n d o heavy ther aiii,iadlionerousitclutfies levied l on our 1 1 American People will ever be ready to re- auction; and yielding tit loadi ng artic le s > on witarg part,rreu tu it ti 1 .,17, pel all such attempts should then ever be twin of ditties on such articles the pr eduction of nthteir made. stry ,RA ShOUld hot Come trite c ompetition, but a lim tet one, with ' • I , articles the product of our maim ' There has been no material change in fi x . . 11, ini indeury. our foreign relations since my last annual Tlii. t r eaty was enmmunicated, to the Senate at an Message to Congress. With all the pow ' early day of its last session, but not acted upon until ors of Europe we continue on the most near its clor full time for the wnnt, as I um bound to friendly terms- Indeed, it tffords me p a r t:. ta m b e le". This p ro ceduree t t e lu r r e e n i s in i. c i l e t r be it 'e i ff t ect s o l f e c i -lrr u tra p r e l e y much saiisfaction to state that at no form- i i re,ectmg it, in conse q uence of a stipulation containe'd 1 er period has the peace of that enlighte n in the treaty, that its ratification should be exchanged ed and important quarter of the globe ev- 0 1. i x o , r , b t efin 0 the day whiA has already passed. - The Serv er been, apparently more firmly establish- ate did t rit e aientt'enngaeiTsmattilsitellitinti: inferencere -oien °lat e i i h n r str ed. The conviction that peace is the true buns t oMinister at Bet lin t o j 're'-ope'n g t e h r is . rie g otin- Policy of Nations, would seem to be tion, sofa( as to obtain an extension of time for the I growing and becoming deeper amongst the exchange tim of ratifications. I re g ret, however, to thy t his' efl 'rt. iit ibis respect have been rinsuccessfui enlightened every where. and there is no lam nevertheless not without Lopethut the G reat ail people who have a stronger interest in vantaris which w e nt intended to be secured by the cherishing the sentiments, and adopting treaty m ay ' cc be alised. the means of preserving and giving it per- „ lam happy t , o inform you. that Belgium ens, by art rnanence, than those of the United States. flaga Ire e t f et t e h o e y a u k . ; United t i i irs s u t c e • d i e s i nui her July l own , ast, e n v its f i a n t ru es hated thef till)? Amongst these the first and most effective rect trade between two countries is coneMtied. i are no doubt the stria observance of jus t measure will prove of g reat service to our shipping lice, and and the honest and punctual fulfilment cteir.e.fl•ee in for eign hosin g heretofore been cat-lied on of all engagements. But it is not to be will s.p , redity e i r t g o n a b rt ot t t n om a i s n . J itii. fl a a t t i t o e e r o m f y o se e lf t l t ut i t ri she re forgotten that in the present state of the lutin g to ti n ' tobacco trade, a hich would dee s iYedly be world, it is also necessary to be ready to refit tle agriculture of the United States, arid opo. enforce their observance and fulfilment in rate N de fin it etiorthe m ound a dvanta g e of both countries. reference to ourselves, than to observe and our e o ri e i, i li t a o s o y e t ,if ti l i tc e -e t n r ro e t c v e i w v e i r t l h from e fulfil them on our part in regard to others. Chinese hopes Empire ; t i the met h en t enoug is killnow b n crown to - indu d ce tie Since the close of the last session, a ne- strongest we e success. gotiation has been formally entered upon Wi t h Bi nail our relations continue on the moll' between the Secretary of State and Her friendly footing. The commercial intercourse between Britanic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentia- d th a t i g rowin g Empire andthe United Szates,is becoming eat , y i • f O l f ,e g ih rea t t h i a tn t p the firmest r i tance to bu tt l i ; , and it f is th e . intedr ry and Envoy Extraordinary residing at Washington, relative to the rights of their g oo,' 'will should continue to be t c l u ee ltivated m b e e Y tweeli respective rations in and over the Oregon then , . territl he Republic of New Grenada still withlinlas, not withsraerling the most p ersevering efforts have been ing. ory. That negotiations is still pend. Should it, during your session, be em pleyed by our Charge a' A Era ira, Mr. Bliwk ford ' to brought to a definite conclusion, the result p ro duce a different result its the indemnity case of the will be promptly communicated to Cote- b e iOtorie.' ,andtiteCongresseiverlesuclaßidiough gress. I would, however, again call your an arr nngemant has been effected between our Minis to the recommendations contain- t m er en u t t e f e Foreign ili oAoffoaitrse dischargeo ftltat G o u v f e r i n ts m i e m n b t , i f r!rest in he pay attentioned in previous messages, designed to pro- s ame, case, has altogetherueglected to mak e ptoe tact and facilitate emigration to that tern- vision for its poyment. It is to be hop that u tory. senso ofjustico will 'coo induce a settlement of these claims. The establishment of military posts at 0 „ r late Minister to Chili, with Mr. Pen hav dl in g eton, e ffe has cte re- I suitable points upon the extended laud turned to the United States, out d travel, would enable our citizens to ml„ an ha ljust d me i nt in d the second id claim i of the Macedonian, w grate in comparative safety to the fertile utile:6bl° e :Zl . r., e l e len g d re letott"s e succe s sor fr h i . l v s ti I o b i t. ' s e il l:i t/ d i regions below the falls of the Columbia, 1 record to urge the claim tithe strongest terms: and, and make the provisions of the existing in the event of a failure tobtn a permaneht adjust convention for the joint occupation of the maul, to rep . o u rt the fact to the Executive at tilt early a the whole matter may be cum- Territory by subjects of Great Britain,and n 1 1 1 1 l ' c g a r Ce Q d ' to C c 'ong o t r i e l' s u s . the citizens of the United States, more a- At your last session, I submitted to the attention of vailable than heretofore the latter. These Congress the Convention with the Republic of Peru, poets would continue places of rest for the omfetitteelf7tthheoefieNilmatirchoi the t i ; T ir it tli d e nljust weary emigrant. where he would be she' , a g ainst q that Republic; but no definite action wasta S tates weary securely against the danger of at- kel t up o prompt bjeet. 1 again iovite to it your atten tack from the Indians, and he enabled to don, and action. recover from the exhaustion of a long Ih my last Annual Message, I felt it to be my duty line of travel. Legislative enactments teon: iik Uc known to • Con g ress, in te rms o both plain surd ß i nd should also be made which should spread :Ile e go existed betweenmion i n regard t o xio t o h t an e d ° T .a e r x ‘s a ' s, l. whic e h s over him the aegis of onr laws, so as to since the battle of Sancursions, Jacintatteno, has co by nsis ci ted rcum- al. afford protection to his per son and proper a to g ether of predatory inded stances revolting to humanity. 1 repent now, what ty when he shall have reached his distant I then said, that after eight years of feado and inef home. fectunt efforts to recover Texas; it was time the wiry In this latter respect, the British Gov. should have ceased. Tho United States had a direct interest in the q uestion. The contiguity of the two ernment has been much more careful of nations to our territory was but too well calculated to the interests of such of her people as are in v olve our peace. to be found in that country, than the Uni- Unjust suspicions were engendered in the wind of ted States. She has made necessary pros one or the other of the belligerents a g ainst Us no vision for their security and protection a- atertectiesssrayetionsequonce e i „ Americ d ani l ntere d sts were d marle gainst the acts of the viciously disposed .1.1 act.; ti on' to wbi u c r h, i Tt e n e tust have e bee n o e bvio an Us g to er all, that e and lawless; and her emigrants repose in the exhaustion pr roduced interfby the war, su sobthjected both safety under the 'panoply of her laws.— Mexico and Texa to the o powers; wh ig ic h h t , eventuatewithout i th e e t i h n e te m rp e o s s t it s i e o v r t i o o e f s this tiii Government, tetheu et Whatever may be the result of the pen- m ding negotiation, such measures are necess ted States. This Government, from tim erY eto time, ex: vary. It will afford me the greatest pleas erted its friendly offices to bring about a termination of sure to vritness a happy and favorable ter- hostilities upon terms honorable alike to both the be mination to the existing negotiation, upon rlelnots.seemltesdeffaeirmtsosist:vhitishobuethaalnf p et s : r e : t a t unavailing. terms compatible with the public honor, he war, and no other alternative was leoftptehe eEx p andre the best efforts of the Government mitive but to take advantage of the well-known da -will continue to be directed to this end. eilion of Texas, and to invite ber to enter into a Trea zoftoors.annexing her territory to that of the United It would have given me the highest gratification, in this, my last communica- I Since your last session Mexico orsha threatened to re tion to C o ngress, to have been able to new the war, and has eitbermad pe to make announce to you the complete and entire f • erm ed ida d ble preparations for invading Texas. She has settlement and adjustment of other mat- _,.. , .." m men ec eeme g n -a o n f l i :osti l l l ities, i f e i mi ll'u l L reP re a r r i tv at , o r z e to ting th i e tern in difference between the United irmauity, and which ; if cartied into effect, would ° - - _ e arouse the attention of all Christandotn. This now that question. So with all others. By the treaty the demonstration of feeling, there is too much reason to United States assumed the payment of the debts of believe, has been produced in consequence of the nee , Texas, to an amount nut exceeding $10,000,000, to be getiationeef the late treaty of annexation whit Teats . , paid, with the reception of a stun Calling Shona $4OO - The executive, therefore. could not be indifeeent to 000, ee.clusively out of the proceeds of the sleet of her tech proceedings, and it felt it to be due, as well to it.': , public lands.: We could not with honor, take the I self as to the honor of the country, that a strong repre- lands, withoutasstersing the full payment of altincum- I seutation should Ire made to the Mexican gevernmet I brances sport them. upon the subject. ' I Nothing has occured since your last gess/en to in- This wns accordingly done; as will be seen by the duce a doubt that the dispositions of Texas remain copy of the accompanying despatch from the Secrete- `unaltered. No intimation or determination, on the part ry of State to the United Stutes Envoy at Mexico.— ,of her Government and peep/E., has been furnished to Mexico,hns no right to jeep:eel the peace of the world the Executive. She still desires to threw herself un by urging any longer, a useless and fruitless Contest.— :der the protection of our laws, and to partake of the Such a condition of things would not be tolerated on ; blessings of our federative system; while every Ameri the European continent. Why should it be entitle? ' can interest would seem to require it. The extension mountl- A war of desolation , such as is new threatened by lof our coast-wise and foreign trade, to an a a Mexico; cannot be waged without involving our peace I most incalcuable—the enlargement of the market for and tranquility. It is idle to believe tbacsuch a war o ur manufactures—a constantly growing market for cuuldbe looked upon with indifference byt7itir own cit• our agrioultural productions es safety to our frontiers, izens,ittbabiting adjoining States; and our neutrality / and additional strength end stability to the Union as would be violated, in despite of all efforts on the part these are the results which w inn of euld rapidly devesurelope of the Government to prevent it. themseivesdpon the coneummamea of The country is settled by emigrants from tile United annexation. In such event, i will -not to doubt but that States, under invitations'hald out to thorn by Spain and Mexico would find her true interest cons Mexico. Those emigrants have left behind them ing the advances of this Government in a spirit of friends anti relatives who would not fail to sympathise a mity with them in their difficulties, and who would be led Nor do I apprehend any serious complaint from any by those sympathies to participate in their struggles., other quarter.; no sufficient ground exists for such however energetic the action of government to pre- cornplahrt. We shnuld interfere in no respects with vent it.. Nor would the numerous and formidable the rights of any other nation. There cannot be gath bands of Indiansethe most warlike Greed in any land, erect from the act, arty design orrout part to do so with whielt occnpy the extensive regions contiguous to th e their possessions on this continent- 'We terve inter- States of Arkansas and Missouri, and who are in poi- posed no impediments in the way of Ruch acquisitions session of largo tracts of country within the limits of of territory, law and extensive as many of them ore, Texas. be likely to remain passive. The inclination as the landing powers of Europethave madeefrom time of thos e . numerous tribes lead th em invariably to war tei time, in every part of the wo hi. We seek no cote wheneverepretext exists. quest made by war. No intrigue will have been resort- Mexico had no just gronnd of displeasure against ed to, or acts of diplomacy essayed, to accomplish the this government or People for negotiating the treaty? annexation of Texas. Free and independent herself, What interest of hers was affected by the treaty?— Ate asks to be received into our Union. It is a gees- She was despoiled of nothing, since Taxes was for. tion for our own decision, whether she shall be se- Seer lost to her. The independence of Texas was re- . ca lved o r n ot. cognised by several of the leading powers of the earth. The two Govecamentehaving already agnred through She was free to treat—free to adopt her own line of their respective organs, on the terms of annexation I policy—free to take the course which she believed was would recommend their adoption by 'Congress in the best calculated to secure her happinesss. Her Gov- form of a joint resolution or act., to he w nrfected and element and People decided on annexation to the made binding on the two countries, adepted in United States; and the Executive saw, in the acquisi- I like manner by the Government of Texas. don of such a territory, the means of advancing their In-order that the subject -may be fully presented in permanent happiness and glory. NThat principle of all its bearings, the correspondence which has taken good faith then was violated? what rule of political place in reference to it since the adjournment of morals trampled trampled under foot? gressebetween_the 'United States, Texas, and Mexico, So far as Mexi co herself was concerned, tie meal- is herewith transmitted. uro should have been regarded by her as highly bene- The amendments proposed 'by the Senate to the ficial. Her inability to reconquer Texas had been ex- Convention concluded between the United States and filleted, I repeat, by eight—now nine—years of fruit- Mexico on the 20th of November, 1843, ' have been less and ruinous contest. In the meamitne Texas transmitted through our Minister, for the concurrence has been growing in population awl resou r ces. Emel of the Mexican Government; but, although urged grution liar flown into her territory from all parts of I thereto, no action has yet been had on the subject; nor the world, in a current which continues to increase in t has any answer been given which would authorize a strength, Mexico requires a permanent boundary be- favorable conclusion in the future. te eon that young republic and herself. Texas, at no The Decree of September, 1843, in relation to the distant day, if she continues separate' awl detached retail trade, the order for the expulsion of foreigners, from the United States, will inevitably seek to console and that of a mote recent date in regard to passports— date her strength by adding to her dominion the con- all of which are considered as in violation of the I r • ettious provinces of Mexico. The spirit of revolt Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the two from the central government has, heretofore, mantles- rountries,bavo led to a corcespontlence of considerable I it'd ivelf in sonie of these provinces; and it is fair to length between the Minister for Foreign Relations and I infer that they world be inclined to take the first fa- I our Representatives at Mexico, but without any satis ent-Ale opportunity -to proclaim theireindependence, ; factory result, They remain still unadjusted arid ma ane to form close tillianees with Texas. The war Iny and serious inconveniences have already resulted would thus be endless; or. if cessations of hostilities to our citizens in consequence of them. should occur, they would only endure for a season. 'Questions growing . out of the act ofeletartning nieeely The interests of Mexico, therefore, tcould in nothing of Texian troops under the command of Major Strive be better consulted than in a pence with her neighbors ly, by an (Acct. in the service of the - United States, at which would result in the establishment of a permanent i ng ender the orders of our Government, and the for- boundary. Upon the ratification of the treaty, the Ex- Bible entry into the custom house at Bryarlv's Land. erutive was prepared to treat with her on the most lib- ing, on Red river, by certain citizens of the United era' hasite Hence the boundaries of Texas were left States, and -taking away therefrom the goods seized undefined by the treaty. The ceecutive propeesd to set- by the Collector of the Customs, as forfeited under the tie these upon terms teat um the world should have laws of Texas, have been adjusted, so far as the pow. proncenced just and revithailble. No negotiation upon sty of the Executive extend. The correspondence be that point could have beeniirelertaken between the Dili- tween the two Governments in reference to both sub- tad States and - Mexico, in advance of the ratification jects, will be found amonrthe accompanying docu of the treaty. We should have had no right—no pow- menus. It contains a full statement of all the facts er HO authority. to bate conducted such a negotiation; and circumstances, with the views taken on both sides, and to have undertaken it, would have been to asleep. and the principiee nn which the questions have been tion equally revolting to the pride of Mexico and Texas, adjusted. It remains for Congress to make the needs and s ubjecting us to the charge of arrogance; while to sure appropriation to carry the arrangement into efiect, have proposed in advance of ainoexation, to satisfy which I respectfully recummend. Mexico fir any contingent interest she might have in The Executive has abated no effort in carrying into Texas, would levee been to have treated Texas, nut as effect the well established policy of the government an indeeperboa power, bet as a mere depeude nay of which contemplates a removal of all the tribes rest- Mexico. , ding within the limits of the several States, beyond This assnmption could not have been acted on by Ithose lim its , itisnowenabled to congratulate the the Executive, without setting at detlatate our own co o f early • unety at . the prospect an consummation solemn declaration that the Republic was an indepe n . ; of this object. Many of the tribes have already dant Stain. Mexico had, it is true, threatened war I • made greet progres s in the arts of civilized life; and against the -United States, in the event of the Treaty of through the operations of the schools established Annexation was ratified. She Executive could not among them, aided by the efforts of the pious men of permit itself to be influenced by this threat. It rep various religious denominations—who devote them resented in this, the spirit of ote people, who are selves to the task of their improvement—we may ready to sacrifice much for peace, but nothing, to hi fondly hone that the remains of tee formidable tribes time:Wein, A war under ar y c ircurestences, is great- i • which were once the masters of this country, will, in lv to be deplored, and the United States is the last na- , • . transition from . the . savage state to a . condition eon to desire it; but if, as the c ondition of peace, it t t i '.. e r lr t t tfinement and CUiLIVIIIIOO, add another bright tro , be required 01115 to forego the unquestionable right oft pl h e v v . to adorn the labors of a well detected philauthro , greeting with an independent power of our own Con-' tinent, upon matters highly interesting to both, and l' The accompaning report of the &cremey of the Na. that upon a naked and unsustained pretension of claim I will explain to you the situation of that breech of I by a third power, to control the free will of the power !", pence, ' with whom we treat: devoted as we may be to meat, imparts in it -operation great efficiency, but I' and noxious to cultivate friendly telations with the I I concur fully in the propriety Of a division of the Bu whole world, the Executive tilled not hesitate to say react of Construction, Equiprrtent: and Repairs into tell, the People of the United States will be ready to two Bureaus. The subjects, al-now arranged, are in brave all consequences, sooner than submit tc such con- ' dition. congruous, and require to a certain extent, internee- No apprehension of war was entertained by the i tion and qualifications altogether dissimilar. Executive; and I must expreia frailly the opinion I The greatly improved condition of the Treasury, . a (fords a subject for general congratulation. The pare- , that, had the Treaty been ratified by the Senate, it lysis which had fallen on trade and commerce, and strould have been followed by a prompt settlement, to ! which subjected the Government to the necessity of the entire satisfaction of Mexico, of every matter in resorting to loans, and the issue of Treasury notes, to diffe ranee between rho two countries. Seeing then a large amount, has passed away; and after the pay that new preparations for hostile invlision of Texas meat of upwards of $7,000,000, on account of the in were about ter be adopted by Mexico, and that these I T exas h as adopted t h e ; terest , and in redemption of more than *6,000,000 of were brought about because Texaspublic debt, which falls due on the Ist of January suggestions of the Executive upon the subject of An- I I next, and setting apart upwards of 52,000,1.100 for the nexution, it could not passively have folded its arms I payment of outstanding Treasury notes, aar4 meeting and permitted a war, threatened to be accompanied by ' an instalment of the debts of thecorporate citesof the every act that could mark a barbarous age, min waged against her, because she had done so. District of Colombia—an estimated surplus of up -1 wards of $7,000,000, over and above the existing ap- Other considerations of a controlling character i nee- I ro pline fiscal •eari riations, will remain in the Treasury at the close enced the course of the Executive. The treaty which had thus been negotiated , had failed to receive the rate of fi Should the Treasury Notes continue outstanding, ns I cution of the Senate. One of the chief objections heretofore, that surplus will be considerably augments which were urged, against it, was foundto consist in . ed. Although all interest has ceased upon them, and ' the fact that the question of annexation ! bad not been I the Government invited their recent to the Treasury, ' submitted to the ordeal of public opinion lases United yet they remain outstanding; affording great facilties States. However untenable such an objection was es- I power of . to commerce, and establishing the fact that, under a teemed to be, in view of the unquestionable vest I well regulated system of finance, the Government has the Executive to negotiate the trea:y, and the resources within itself , which render it independent and lasting interests involved in the question, I felt it in time of need, not ouly of private loans, but also of to be my dirty to submit the whole s ubject to Congress as the best expounders of public sentiment. bank facilities. . The only remaining subject of regret is that the re- I No definite action baying been taken on the subject , by Congress, the question referred itself directly to the I maiming stocks of the Government Ho not fall due at an i earlier day: since their redemption would be entirely decision of the States and tine People. The great popular election which has just terminated, afforded I within its control. Ac it is, it may be well worthy the the best opportunity of ascertaining the will of the consideration of Congress, whether the law establish , people tepee it. Pending that issue, it became the I ing the sinking fund—under the operation of which the imperative duty of the Executive to inform Mexico debt of the Revolution and last war with Great Britain I that the question of annexation was still before the were, to a great extent, extinguished--should not with American people, and that, until their decision was proper modifications, (so as to present an accumula pronounced, aey serious invasion of Texas would be e thin af surpulses, and limited in amount to . a specific regattled as ant attempt to forestall their judgment, I "rot) be re-enacted. Such provision, which would land could not be looked upon with indifference. I authorize the Government to go into the market for a am most happy to inform you that no such invasion I purchase of its own stock, or the fair terms, would has taken place, and I trust th at, whatever action may I serve to maintain its credit at the highest point, and I I be taken upon it, Mexico will see the importance of i prevent, to a great extent, those fluctuations in the I price of its securities, which might, ender other cir- I deciding the matter by a resort to peaceful expedients in preference to those of arms. , c umetances effect itf credit. I The decision of the people and the States on this No apprehension of this sort is, this moment, enter tained; since the stocks of the Government which but great and interesting subject, has been decisively man two years ago were offered for sale to capitalist*, at ifested. The question of annexation has been presen borne and abroad, at a depreciation, and could find no tea nakedly to their consideration. By the treaty it purchasers, are now greatly above par in the hands of self,nll collateral and incidental issues. which were the holders; but a wise and prudent forecast admonish calculated to diviee and distract the public councils, es us to place beyond the reach of contingency the public were carefully avoided. These were left to the wis_ cr edit ' dom of the future to determine. If presented, I re peat, the isolated question of annexation; and in that It. must also be a matter of unmingled form it has been submitted to the ordeal of public see- gratification, that, under the existing finan. timent. A controling majority of the people, and a - cial system—resting upon the act of 1789, large majority of the States, have declared in favor of immediate annexation. Instructions have thus and the resolution of 1816,—the currency come up to both branches of Congress, from their re- of the country has attained a state of per spective constituents, in terms the most emphatic. It feet sourtdess; and the rates of exchange is the will of both the people and the States, that Tex asshall be annexed to the Uteion promptly and lame- between different parts of the Union which, di ately. ti in 1891, denoted, by their enormous a- It may be hoped that, in carrying into execution the mount, the great depreciation, and' in • fact public will, thus declared, all collateral Wee, may be worthlessness of the currency in most of avoided. Future Legislatures can best determine as to the number of States which should be formed out the States—are now-reduced to little more of the territory, when thetime has arrived fordceiding than the mere expense of' transporting sped. from place to place, and the risk lug— cidental to the operation. In a new country like that of the United States, where so many inducements are held out for speculation, the depositories of the surplus revenue, consisting of banks of any description, when it reaches any con siderable amount, requires the closest vigi lance on the part of the government. All banking institutions, under what's'. er denomination they may pass, are gov erned by an almost exclusive regard to the interest of the stockholders.—That ieter est consists in the augmentation of profits in the form of dividends, arid a !ergo sure 1 pins revenue entrusted to their custody is but too apt to lead to excessive loans and to extravagantly large issue of paper. As 1 a necessary consequence, prices ere norms I nally increased, and the speculative mania every where seizes upon the mind. A fie. titious state of prosperity for a season ex. ism; and in the language of the day, mon ey becomes plenty. Contracts are entered into by individua ale, resting on this unsubstantial state of things, but the delusion speedily passes away, and the country is overrun by an indebtedness so weighty as to overwhelm many, and to visit every department of in dustry with great and ruinous embarrass. tweet. The greatest vigilance becomes neces sary, on the part of government, to guard against this state of things. The deposi tories must be given distinctly to under stand that the favors of the government will be altogether withdrawn, or substan. tially diminished, if its revenues shall be regarded as additions to their banking cap ital, or as the foundation of an enlarged circulation. The government, through its revenue, has, at all times, an important part to perform is connection with the currency; and it greatly depends upon its ivigilance and care, whether the country be (idvolved in embarrassments similar to those which it has bad recently to encoun. ten or aided by the action of the Treasury, shall be preserved in a sound and healthy condition. The dangers to be guarded against are greatly augmented by the large a surplus of revenue. When that surplus greatly 1 exceeds in amount what shall tea. required I by a wise and prudent forecast to meet 1 unforeseen contingencies, the Legislature ;itself may come to be seized with a dispel-, 1 cation to indulge in extravagant appropri avian to objects, many of which may—and most probably would-41e found to cons Met with she Constitution. A fancied ex. pediency is elevated above constitutional I authority, and a reckless and wasteful ex ' travagance but too certainly follows. The important power of taxation, which, wheti 7 I exercised in its most restricted form, is a burden on labor and prOduction, is resoie ted to, under various pretext, for pun poses having no affinity to the motives which dictated its grant, and the extravagance of Government stimulates individual ex travagance until the spirit of a wild and ill regulated speculation, involves nee and all inits unfortunate results. In view of such fatal consequences, it may be laid down as an axiom, Liunded is moral and political truth, that uo greater taxes should be imposed than are necess# nary for an economical administration of the Government; and whatever exists beyond, should be reduced or mod fier.l.—. This doctrine does in no way conflict with the exercise of a sound discrimination in the selection of the articles to be taxed. which a due regard to the public weal would at all times suggest to the Legisla. Live mind. It leaves the range of selec tion undefined; and such selection should always be made with an eye to the great interests of the country. Composed as is the Union, oft separate and independent States, a patriotic Legise lature will not fail in consulting the inters eats cf the parts, to adopt euch course as will be best calculated to advance the liars Teeny of the whole; and thus ensure that permanecy in the policy of the Government without which all efforts to advance the public prosperity are vain and fruitless- This great and vitally important task rests with Congress, and the Executive can do no more than:recommend the general prin ciples which should govern in its execu tion. I refer to the report of the Secretary of War for an exhibition of the condition of the army; and recommend to you, as well . worthy your best consideration, many of the suggestions it contains. The Secreta ry in no degree exaggerates the great importance of pressing forward, without delay, in the work of erecting and finishing the fortifications to which he particularly alludes. Much has been done towards placing our cities and roadsteads in a state of se curity against the hazards of hostile at tack, within the lest four yearst; but con sidering the new elements which have been 1 of late years, employed in the propelling _ of ships, and the formidable implements Hof destruction which have been brought into service, we cannot be too active or , vigilent in preparing and perfecting the means of defence. I refer you, also, to his report for a full statement of the coa -1 dition of the Indian tribes within our ju f risdietion. The operations of the squadron on the coast of Africa have been conducted with all due attention to the objeot which led to its organization; and I am happy to say that the officers and crews have en joyed the best possible health, under the system ad opted by the officers in command. It is believed the ,United States is the only nation which has, by its laws, subjected to the punishment of death, as pi mint, those who may be engaged in the slave trade. A similar enactment on the part of other nations would not fail to be attended by beneficial results. ' In consequence of the difficulties which have ex isted in the way of securing titles for the necessary grounds, operations have not yet been commenced towards the establishment of the Navy Yard at Memphis. So soon as the title is perfected, no fur ther delay will be permitted to intervene. It is well worthy of consideration, whether Congress should or not direct the establishment of a rope-walk, in connection with the contemplated Navy Yard, ass measure not only of economy, but as highly useful
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