James P. Barr - *kPeopt* - The - President's Mess*. Fellow-Citizenii Q. of the-Senate and House of Representio(vee.: Since your list annual assembling, an other year of healthinaliountiful harvests has' passed, and, while it has not pleased the Almighty to. Mess -newith a -return of peace, we can but press on, guided by the best light He gives us, trust i ng , in His lawn good fume and' wise way, all will be well. tr . it The correspondence tounhing foreign affairs, which his taken place during the past year, is heieWith submitted, in virtu al compliance with a request to that effect, matte by the HOuse of Representatives, near the close of the last session of, Con gress. If the Onndition of our relations with other nations 'is leAs gratifying than it hakruntally been aelotmer•iieriods; it is certainly more satisfactory than a nation so unhappily distra cted e as we are mg' lit reasonably have apprehended, .Inthe ' month of June;'last...there: were: some grounds to expecit that the maritime pow ers, 'which. at thqbeginning of onr domes tic difficulties, sci4inwisely and unnecessa rily, as we think, recognized the insur gents 'as a belligerent % would soon, recede ' from thatposition, which has proved only less injurious toPthemselves than to our country. But libe temporary reverses„ which afterwards; the National arms, and which were ex aggerate) by our dis loyal citizens abro ad, have hitherto delay ' ed that simple act The i Civil Wariivhich has so radically changed for a m o ment the occupations and habits of thelmerican speople, has necessarily disturbed the social conditions and affected very deeply the nations with which we have carried on a commerce that been steadily increasing through out a period of hay a century. _lt has, at ' , the same time, eicited political ambitions 1 and appreheusion4 which have produced • profound agitatibn throughout the civil- tiled world. 1n unusual agitation, we have - forborne from taking part in any contro -versy, between- foreign, States and par ties or factions in llnuch States. We'have attempted no propagandism and ackisowl edged no resolution. Bat we have left to every nation the exclusive conduct and management of its lOwn affairs. Our strug gle, of course,is contemplated by foreign na tions with reference less to its own merits than to its supposed and often exaggerated effects, and the consequence resulting to those nations theniSelves. Nevertheless, ee cailaint on the piirt of this government, eve , i t ' it were just certainly be tin ' wise. The treaty u 7ttlr Great Britain for the suppression of the African slave trade, has been put i too rat •1n with 'a good pros -4i peMe-- of sucee n s pe sr''lr it an occasion of special pleasure to deknow.:4diti that t e execution• of it on therpart of • . Her iMaje - ty's Government, bite been marke.: 4 •with ia jealous respect fur the Authority 'fh.fthe - United States, and the rights of tit:4r moral and loyal citizens. The Convention with Eritnover for the abolition of the Sffite dues has been car ried into full effentrinder -the Act of Coh gress for that purpoie. A blockade of 3,- 000• Miles of sea coast could not be eutah lished and vigorously enforced in a Season of great commercialactivity like the pre* eat without committing occasional mho takes and ifilicting iniintentisreat iujurtes upon foreign nations and their subjects. A civil war, occurring in a country where foreigners reside and carry on trade under treaty stipulations,. is necessarily fruittul of complaints of the violation of neutral rights; all such collisions tend to excite misapprehensions, and possibly to produce mutual reel amations between nations which have a common interest in preserving peace and friendship. In clear cases of these kinds, I have, so far as possible, heard and redresied complaints which have been presented; by friendly powers.-- There is, however, large and augment ing number of dou l btful cases, upon which the Government is ;unable to agree with the governments whose.protection is de , mended by' the chimants. There are, moreover, many cases in which the Uni ted States or their Citizens. suffer wrongs from the naval or Military authorities of foreign nations, which the giavernmeata of these States are not at once prepared to redress. I have proposed to some of the Foreign States thus interested, mutual. conventions, to examine and adjust such complaints: This !proposition has been, piadeespecially to Great Britain, to Francei :tto Spain, and to Prtiesia. In each case it hatibeen kindly received, 1 'but has not yet been formally adopted. I !deem it my duty toirecornmend an appro- Ipriation in behalf of the owners of the ' Norwegian bark ,Admiral P. Tordens ißivlii,, which vessel; was, in May, 1882, prevented by the commander of the black ading force, off' Cherleston, from leaving that port with her cargo, notwithstanding a similar privilege had shortly before been granted to an English vessel. I have di rected the SecretarY of State to cause the papers in ;the ease to. be communicated to the proper CoMmittfie.' Applications have been reade'to me by . many free Americani of African descent, to favor their emigration *with aview to such nolonizatineaswaa tmeplated in recentacts ofCongress. Other parties, at .home and abroad, some from interested motives,,others upon patriotic considerations, and Still others influence& by Abiltinkhropic sentiments, have suggest ed minder measures:' while on the other hand, several of the Spanish American Republics have protested against the sending of such co'onies to their respect iver-territoe.es. Under these circumstan, oes, I haves declined to move . any (inch Colony to any State; without first obtain.: ing the eonsent °Chi government, with agreement on its pia to receive. antrliro-11 tect snail emigrants; in all' their rights of freemen, and I heye .at this same time offered to the several.. States situated in the tropics or having there,to ne otiate with them, subject e to the Advic end consent of the I Senate, to ,faVor the: voluntary emigration of 'Anatol_ of that; Class to their respective territori es . upon; Conditions which shill be equal; just and; humane. Liberia and Hayti are arryet the! only countries to which colonists of Afri can descent from here could go with Cer-i tainty of being received and adopted, s ato citizens, and I re,gret to say that such per-'• lons, contemplating i , colonization, do. not' seem so willing to eniigrate to these coun tries as to some others, nor so willing as I think.their interest ' s demands. I belieie, however, the opinion among them in. this respecti'm improving, and: ere long, there will be an • and considera tile emigration, to bOth these countries, from the United States. The new commercial treaty between the United States and the Sultan.of Turkey has been carried into execution. A com mercial and consular treaty has been nel gotiated, .subject to , the Senates 3 consent, with Liberia, and a jimilar negotiation is now pending with the Republic of Hayti. A considerable imprnyementefthenational commerce is expected to result from these reeasnres..: Oar relations with Great Britain France,.Spaini Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, )Austria, the Nether landa Italyi-ftemejAnd—the-Athe r --E ure . jiean Sated 'finial* 'llidisturrbed. 1 Very favorablereiatuniel else continue - to be maintainedwith!Taikey, Morocco, China and - Japan. • During' the Isar, year, there • , Es'irAziZ.; • ' • ' - ; Lrff • ; ) pt a i • :3. • .40 k • ./ 4 1 • • !. • -.•r: _fi_. has not only been sio change of our pre vious relations with : the independent States 'of ournvpncontinentk-friendlier sentiments thin - hava - b - eretafOre - existed - are believed to be enterft), , imitl 'by theke;-tipikkbors whose aafetiiirit4rogres are ito inpnrit'ely,, ictated with; our own: This, statatifertl9 :applies to -Mexino, Costiir. Ateup Aliaragatt,,.ffuildurtur; Fern' arid The:.. commission; under the C0t:6410 with the kepublic. of -New Grenada, close its sessions . without - - haiing audited pasted: upon all the claims which 'Were •submitted:to it. A proposition is pending to revive the convention, that it may bb able to do more complete jutitice.:',', The commission between the United States and the Republic of Costa Rica has completed its labors, , and submitted its report. I have favored the project for connecting the United States with Europe, by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar project to extend the telegraph-from San -.Francisco to con nect by a Pieifie telegraPh with the wire which is being extended across the Russian Empire. • The territories of the United States, with unimportant exceptions, have re mained undisturbed by the civil war, l and they are exhibiting such evidence of pros. perity es justifies an expectation that some of .them will soon , be in a condition to be organized as States and be constitutionally admitted into the Federal Union. The immense material resources of these 'ter ritories ought to be developed as speedily as possible. Every step in that direction would =have a tendency to improve the revenues of the government and di ininisiL the burdens of the people. It is worthy of your serious consideration whether some extraordinary measures to promote the end cannot be adopted. The means . which suggested itself as moat likely to be effective is a scientific explo ration of the mineral regions in these ter ritories with a view to the publication of its results a; home andin foreign countries, results which canr.ot fail to be auspicious. The condition of the finances will claim your most diligent consideration. The vast expenditures incident to the military and naval operations required for suppression of the rebellion, have hitherto been met with a promptitude and certainty unusual -in similar circumstances, and the public - credit hits been maintained. The continuance of the war, however, and the increased disbursements made neces sary by the augmented forces now in the field, demand your best reflections as to the best mode Bf - providing the' necessa7 rove-, nue without injury to business, and with the least possible burdens spoil labor. - The Suspension of specie payments by the banks 83011 after the commencement of your last'session made large issues oft United States notes unavoidable. In no other way could the payments of the trogs and the satisfaction of other just de mands be so economically or as well prO vided for. The judicious legislation of Congress securing the receivability of theSe notes for loans and internal duties, and making them a legal tender for other debts, h , , a . made_them universal currency, and has fld, partially at least, and for the time, th long felt want of an uniform cir culating savink thereby to the people imme :ise sums in discounts and exchanges. A. return to speL''" payments, however, at the earliest period ompble w 4 ilh 6 due regartrtirrill Tater - a:fa; in view. Fluctuations in the value of nirrency are always injuriou, and to reduce tL ' u ?,; tuations to the lowest possible po. '/ L w "' always be a leading purpose in wise ltd' lation. Convertibility, prompt and certain con vertibility into coin, is generally acknowl edgee to-the best and surest guard against them, and it is extremel7 doubtful wheth er a circulation of United States notes, payable in coin and sufficiently large for the , wants of the people can be 13ermanently, usefully and safely maintained. Is there anyi other mode in which the necessary provi sion for the public wants can be made.anil • the great advantages of a safe and uniform currency secured'? I know of none which promises so certain results, and at the same time so u.nobjectionable; as the or ganization of be.nkingassociations under a general act of Congress, well guarded in. its provisions, , To such associations the government - -might furnish circulating notes AM ,the . security of U. S. bonds deposited die treasury. These notes, prepia:44;•',:tinder the supervision of proper officers; being - uniform in appearance and security, and &invertible always into coin, would at once protect labor against the' evils of a vicious currency and facilitate commerce by cheap and safe exchanges. A moderate resurvation from the interest, on the bonds would compensate the United Stun for the preparation and distribution of the notes, a general supervision of the system, and would lighten the burden of that part of the public debt employed as securities. The public credit moreover would be greatly improved and the negotiation of new loans greatly facilitat ed by the steady market demand for Gov ernment bonds, which-the adoption.of the proposed syatein would create. It is an additional recom mendation of the measure oi considerable weight in my judgment that would reconcile, as far as possible ' all existing interests by the opportunity o ffe red to et isting institutions to reorganize .under the 'I act,. substituting only the secured uniform national circulation for the local a t , td vari ous circulation, secured and nue& 'cared, now issued by them. The receipts into the Treasury from all sources, including loans, and baba, Ice from the preceding year, for the fiscal ye er end ing on the 80th of June, 1862. were $582,- 885;2 . 47 06, of which sum $49,056,0'97 62 were derived fronjpristems ; $1;795,1 7 from the direct' taxt'frOm public la ads, $152;203.17 ; .from miscellaneous sou vseS $931,787..1,644, from loans in all fort $529,602,469.50. The remainder, $2,52 T -065 80, was the balance from last year. The disbursements during the same= period were : For Congressional. Execu tive and Judicial purposes, $6,939.009 29; for foreign intercourse, $1;839,710 35; for miscellaneous expenses, including the mints, loans, P ffi ost oce• ' deficiericies, col lection of revenue, and other like charges, $15,129,771 60 ' • eiparises under the Interior l Department, $3,102,985 52; tin der `the . - War Department, $394,368,407 36; andatthe Navy Department, $42,- 674,569 •flifor •interest on the debt, $13,-. 190,824 45,.suid for the payment of the pub. lie debt, incladipg reimbursement of tern porary lottri - nint zederaptinns,.s96,o96,922 69 ; mokirig an Oategoto • 'td . $670,841,700 . 26, and,lepang l a halanqa in • the Treasury' on the ist of "July, al% df,t48;048;546 - 81. It should be, observed thatthe gam 0f596,- 096,992 00, expended for reimburSement and redemption of the piblid'Aebt, being included also in the loans. ; midi, may be properly deducted both from the receipts and expenditures, leaving-the actual re ceipts for the year,5487,788,324 97, and the expenditures .$74,744,788 16. Other information - on the subject of the finances will be found in the report of the Secreta ry of the-Treasury, to whose statements and.views.. I invite your most candid and considerate attention. The reports of the Secretaries of the Navy and Warare herewith" transmitted. These reports, though lengthy, are certaig - LT nothing more than brief abstracts of the very numerous and extensile transactions and operations conducted through these Deprirtnients; Nor could Ii give any sum mary of them here upon any principle Which weinid admit of its being • much Shorter than,the reports themaelves., I therefore conrent myself with laying- 'the reporps before you, and.asking your attenP ticnoo,theut. ~ . It gives me pleasure to re Port a decided improvement in the financial condition or the Post Office Department as compared with several preceding years. The rel ceipts of the fiscal year 1861 amounted to $8,349,290 40, which‘embreicect the revel. nue from all the States of the .I:reit:lV for three-quarters of that year, notwithstandl. ing Ihe cessation of revenues from the se calltsd Seceding ~States, during thia last fiscal year. / The. increase Of the 'arms, pondence of the loyal States has bee sufficient to produce a revenge during th same year of $8,299,820 90, being onl $60,000 less than was derived from al the States of the Union during the prev ous year. The expenditures•show a still more favorable result. The amount ex pended in 1861 was $13,606,759 11. s For the last year the amount has been reduced to $11,125,304 13, showing it decrease of about 52,481,000 in the eseenditures as compared with the precedin year, about $3,750,000 as compared with tie fiscal year, 1861. The deficiency in the} Department for the previous year was $4,551,966 98. For the last fiscal year it was reduced to $2,112,814 68. These favorable results are in part owing to the cessation of mail service in the insurrectionary States, and inpart toe careful review of the expel:l,ll. .tbres iu thatdepartment, in the interest of economy. The efficiency of! the postal - service, it is believed, has also been much improved. 1 The Postmaster General alPo opened a correspondence, through the Oepartment of State, with foreign goverOments, pro posing a convention of postal' representa tives, for the purpose of sim lifying the rates of foreign postage, and o expedite the foreign mails. This roposition, equally important to our adoted citizens and to the commercial inter sts of this i l country, has been favorably !entertained and agreed to by all the governments from whom replies have been received. I ask the attention of Congress to the sugges tions of the Postmaster General, in his re port, as to the further legislation required, in his opinion, for the benefit ot the postal service. ~.-The Secretary of the Interior re porta as follows in regard to the public lands: The public lends have ceased to be a source of revenue. From the Ist of July, 1861, to the 80th of Sep tember, 1862, the entire cash receipts from the sale of lands were $137.476 26. a sum much less than than the 'expense of our land system during the sane period. The Homestead Law, which will take effect on the Ist of January next, offers such inducements to settlers that sales for cash cannot be expected to lan extent sufficient to meet the expense df the - gen. er4 land office, and the cost of surveyittg and bringing the land into maiiket. The discrepancy between the sum here stated as arising from the sales of the public lands and the sum derived front the same source, as reported from the Treasury Department, arises, as I understand, from the fact that the tinsi--- .1- ' "'"'" , -,..,--.—«.1„ ___ eel, really coincident at the beginning points, the Treasury re ! port ineludit.g a considerable .sum now which had previously been reported from the Interior, sufficiently large as greatly to overreach the sum derived from the three months now reported upon by the Interior, and not by the Treasury. .The Indian tribes upon our frontiers 11 ,,, i ,, , , during the past year, manifested a spirit of insubordination, and at several points i m. - ve engaged in open hostilities againstical ite settlements in their vicin tsibes occupying the Indian tylhe the country South of Kansas renowned their allegiance to the United States, and enter ed into treaties wits the insurgents. Those who remained loyal Id the United States were driven from the country. The chief of the Cherokees has visited this city, for the purpose of restoring the former rela tions of the tribe with the United States. He alleges that they were constrained by superior force to enter into treaties with the insurgents, and that the United States neglected to furnish the , protection which their treaty stipulations required. In the month of August last,the Sioux Indians. of Minnesota,attacked the settlements in their vicinity, with extreme ferocity, killing in discriminately men, women andchildien. This attack was wholly unexpected, and, therefore, no means of defence had been provided. It is estimated that riot less than 800 persons were killed by the Indi: ans, and a large amount of property was destroyed. How this outbreak was indu• ded is not definitely known, and suspi• cions, which may be upjust, need not be'. stated. Information was received by the Indian Bureau, from different ' sources, about the time hostilities were commenc ed, that a simultaneous attack was to be made upon the white settlements by all the tribes between the Mississippi river 1 and the Rocky Mountains.. The State - of Minnesota has suffered great injury from this Indian war. A large portion of her, territory has been depopulated and a se- vere loss has been sustained by the de• ' struction of property. The people of that' State manifest much anxiety for the re moval of the tribes beyond the limits of the State, as a guarantee against future hostilities. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs will furnish full details. I submit for your especial consideration whether our Indian system shall not be remodeled. Many wise add good men have been im pressed with the belief that this can, be profitably done. I submit a statement of the poro eedings pi the Commissioners, which shaws the progress that has been made in the enterprise of constructing the Pacific railroad, and this suggests the earliest completion of the road, and also _thafavorableaction of Congress upon the 'projects naw pending before them for en larging: the .capacities of the great canals ,be -New York and Illinois, as being of vital ,land rapidly increasing . importance it, the i *hole nation and especially to-the vast in t, wior region, here after to be noticed at sc lino greater length. I propose having rr, spored and laid before you at an early .any• BO me interesting and valuable statis tical it:formation upon this subject. The mili ta t v and commercial importance of e n ineek g the Illinois River is presented i n th e , as Dort of 'Col. Webster .to the Sec retany e? War, and now transmitted to Congress,. I respectfully ask attention to it. To nare3 • out the provisions of the act of Congress ot • the 15th of May last; I have caused the Department of Agriculture of the Unit el Seats% to be organized. The Commis: fionet - informs me that within the period o.f a fey' months the Department has estal ilished ak. l extensive syster; of cor responde ince an d. e ,rchanges, both t home and abro ad, which pcomise to effect high ly beneficial results in the development of a correc t knowledge ot` recent improve =maim agric.u.tnre in tce introdu• t one of new products and in th e 'collection of the agri cultural statistics of the different' Stotts; alio that it will soon i.'e prepared te, distrlbuth largely seeds, eeen ,, , ls, plants and enttings, - and has already iN ablished and lib‘rally diffused mad vithiablO inter. WEDNESDAY MORNINO,IDECEMBER 3, 1862. mation, in anticipation of a moro elaborate report, which will in due tinscietfurnish ed, embracing some valuablO , tests in chemical science, now in proiress in the laboratory. The creation of this Depart: meat was for the more iintrier..benefit of a large class of our Most V bible obi- Seas, and I trust that the , liberistbasis up on which it has been organized will not only meet your approbittiiimlErt that it will ; realize, at no distant daball i the fond est anticipations- of—its -mestlt!eanguine friends, and become the fruitful .source or 'advantage to all our people., ii i ... , 7 . • . 00 the 22d day c:•;' Septem r last, a prcclamation was issued by - flit' . *Ceutlee; a copy of which is herewith au . 'Wed. a r In accordance with the purpoexpress ed in the second paragraph ,of, t paper, - I now respectfully recall your* btion to ti what may be called "CompeesstioiEman / cipation. ' A nation may be",_ to con= '- east of Me territory, its, people a n Itglawa. l The territory is the only papt , .ch is of 'certain durability. - ' I ' One generation paseeth away *Ad an; other generation cometh, but earth* alfideth forayer. - It is of the .fi*iinpor , Mine to duly consider and' eati*te this ever-enduring part. That portion of the earth's surface whioh 44 owtraftrfaisd 'in habited by the people of the Utiitod States is well adapted to be the home rikone na tional family, and it is not well adayted for two or more. Its vast extent' alail its va riety of climate and proiluetionkare of advantage in the age for one people, what ever they might have been in form*? ages. Steam and telegraphs, in intelligence, haVe brought these to be an Odvalstageons com bination for one united people. In the inaugural address I briOypointed out the total inadequacy 'or disMsibm as la remedy for differences between the people of the two sec Lions. I did BO in language which I cannot improve, and which, there fore, I beg to repeat: "One sectioh of our country believes slavery to be 4114 and Ought to = be extended, while- the other-be- ' lieve.s it is wrong, and ought not to be ex tended. This is the only snbatantial die pate. The fugitive slave clause , olthir Con stitution, and the law for the suppression of the African slave trade, are each as well erifoiced, perhapse-as ady levies-in sksAr he ir a romnstinity Where-the m 6141 abate of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation-in botlf caseS, and a few break over in each. This , -I 'think, capiaot be perfectly cured ri d It would be worse . in both ;,Casere: the separation of the '"sections dial; efore. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly .suppressed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surren dered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking, we can not separate; we can't remove our respec tive sections from each other, nor Wild an impassible well between them. A hus band and wife may be divorced, and go. out of the,presence and,beyond the' each. of each other, but the different pasta of ; our country cannot do thia. They cannot but remain face to face, and intercourse either amicable. or hostile *,:nrizaCcontifine be s tween them. lik it impossible; then 4 ; to make that intercourse more advantagemis or more satisfietory after creparatibilthair before ? Can aliens make treadle - 3,4114m be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws among friends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always, and alien, after much loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old questions as to terms of in tercourse are again upon you. There is no line- straight or crooked, suitable for a national boundary upon which to divide. Trace through, from East to West, upon the line between the free and slave country, and we shall find a little more than rivers easy to be crossed and populated, rr soon to be populated thickly upon both sides, while nearly all its remaining length are one-third of its length are merely surveyors' lines,' over which people may walk back and forth, without any consciousness of their presence. No part of this line can be made any more difficult to pass by writing it down on paper or parchment, as a national boun dary. The fact of separation, if it comes, gives up, on the part of sectional obliga tions upon the seceding section, the fugi tive slave clauses, along with all other con lititutional obligations upon the section se ' ceded from—while I should expect no treaty stipulation would even be made to take its place. But there is another, difficulty. The' great interior region, bounded East by the Alleghenies, North by the British domin ions. West by the Rocky Mountaimi, South by the line along which the culture of cot ton and ‘ corn meets, and which includes part of \ irginia, part of Tennessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wis consin, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, lowa, Minnesota, and the territories of Dakotah, Nebraska, and part of Colorado, has above ten millions of people, and will have fifty mi lliona- within 'fifty years, if riotisreirent ed by any political folly or mistake. It contains more than one third of the coun try owned by the United States, certainly more than ' one million of square Miles; , once half as populous as Kassachartetta already is, it would have more than seventy five 'millions of people. A glance at the map Shows that, territorially speaking, it is the great body of the Republic. The other parte are but marginal borders to it, the magnificent region sloping West from the Rocky Moufitains to the Pacific being the deepebt and also the richest in nude velopediresourees in the pro visions; grains, grasses, and all which pro. cried' from them, this great interior region is naturally one of the most important in the world. • Ascertain from the statistics the small preportioO of the legion :which has _iskyot been brought into cultivation, and a large and rapidly increasing amount of its prte ducts, and we shall be overwhelmed with the magnitude of the prospect dresented;„ and yet this region has no sea coast,.touch es no ocean anywhere. As part of one nation, its people now find, and may for ever find, their way to Europe by New York, to South America and Africa, by- New Orleans, and to Asia by San Francis co. Bat separate our common country in to two nations, as designed by thepresent rebellion, 'and every man of this great in terior region is hereby cut off from some one or more of -these outlets, not perhaps by a physical barrier, but by embarrassing and onerous trade regulations, and this is true whenever A dividing or boundary line may be fixed, -Place it between the now free and slave country, or place it South. of Kentucky, or North of Ohio, and, still the truth remains, that none Smith of it can trade to aify port North of it, and none North of it can trade to any port or place South of it, except upon terms dictated by a government.foreigu to them , The outlets East, West and South are indispensable to the well being of the peo - ple inhabiting and to inhabit this vast lute ribr region. Which of the three may be thebest is no proper question. All are better than either and all of right belong to that people and to their successors for. ever. True to themselves, they will not ask where a line of separationshall be, but will voiv .rather that there shall he no such line. .Nor are the marginal regions less interested in these communicettons to and through them to, the great, outside. world They too and'each of thern mast have ac , - cess to this Egytit of the West,Witliont pay, lug toll at the crossing of; any national boundary. Onr.nationalatrife spruhe- not from our Permanent part, not from the land we inhabit, not from our national }Mines - teed. There is no posiible Severing of this but would multiply, and not mith 4iite, , evilS among us. In= all its apapta tione and aptitudes it demands .union and I abhors separation. In fact, it would ere long forcere-union,however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost. Our - strife pertains to ourselves, to passing generations of men, and it cannot without convulsion behushed forever with the passing of one, generation. I In this view:l recommend the adoption of the following resolution and articles amendatory to the Constitution of the United States: , Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, mo il thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles ,be proposed to the Legislatures or Conventionsiof the several States, as 'Amendments to the Conatitu tion of the United States, all orjiny df which Articles,, when ratified by 'three fourths of the said Legislatures or Con i'ventions, to be valid, as part or parts of the said Constitution, viz: Article—Every State, wherein Slavery' now exists, which shall abolish the same at any time or times before the first day' lof January in the year of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred, shall receive corn pensatiOn from the United Statest as fol lows, to wit: The President of the United States' shall deliver to every such 'State, bonds of the bearing interest at the rate of for each slave shown to have been therein by the eighth census of the United States; said bonds to be delivered to such State by installments, or in one parcel at the completion of the abolish meet, accordingly las the same shall have been gradual or at one time within such State; and interest shall begin to run upon . any such bond only from the proper time of its deliver) , as aforesaid and afterwards. Any State having received bondsas afore said/ and afterwards introducing and ml erating Slavery therein ? ' ehalle refund' to the United States all the bonds so receiv ered, or theealtie thereof, and all interest paid thereon. - Article—All slaves who shall have-en joyed actual freedom, by- the chances of the war, at any time, before the end of the rebellion, shall be forever free', but all owners of such, who shall not have been' disloyal, shall be compensated for them at the same rates as is provided for States adopting abolishment of Slavery; but in such a way that no slave shall be twice accounted for. Article—Congress may appropriate money and otherwise provide for coloniz ing free colored persons, with their own consent, in any place or places without -the United States. . T beg indulgence to discuss these pro posed articles at some length. Without slavery, the rebellion could never have, existed; without slavery it could not con tinue. Among the friends of the Union there iS great diversity of sentiment and cf policy- in regard to slavery -and -the African race amon t us. Smile Weald nom ly and with compensation, some would remove the freed people from us, and some would retain them with us, and there are yet other minor divisions. Because of these diversities we waste much strength in struggles among ourselves, by mutual concessions we should harmonize and act together. This would be a compromise among the friends and not with the ene mies of the Union. These articles are in tended to embody a plan of such mutual concessions. If the plan shall be adopt= ed, it is assumed that the emancipation will follow, at least in several of the States. As to the first article, the main points are: First, the emancipation; secondly, the leng...lr of time for consummating, (thirty seven years;) and thirdly, the compensa tion. The emancipation will be unsatis factory to the advocates of perpetual slav ery, but the length of time should greatly mitigate their dissatisfaction. The time - spares both races from the evils, of sad-. den derangement, in fact from the mow= ' sity of any derangement, whilst moat of those whose habitual course of thought will be disturbed by the Measures will Wive passed away before its oonsamma tion. They will never see it. Another class will hail the prospect of emancipation. but will deprecate the length of time. They will feel that it gives too little to the now willing slaves. But it really gives them much. It saves them from the vagrant destitution which must largely attend immediate emancipation in localities where their numbers are very great, and it gives them the ihspiring as surance that their posterity shall be free forever. The plan leaves it to each State choosing to act under it, to abolish-sla very now or at the end of the century, -or at any other intermediate time, 'or by de grees, extending over the whole or any part of the period, and it obliges no two States to proceed alike. It also provides for compensation and generally the mode of making it, This, it would- seem, must further miti gate the dissatisfaction of those who favor perpetual slavery,. and especially of thoie who are to receive the compensation. Doubtless some of those who are to pay and not to receive will object, yet the measure is both just and economical. In a certain sense the liberation of slaves is the destruction of property—property ac quired by descent or by purchase,' the same as any . other property. It is no less true for havibg b,een so often said that the people of the South are net more respon sible" for the original introduction of this property than are the people of the North, and when: it is remembered how unhesi tatingly we all use cotton and sugar, and share theprofits of dealing in them, it may not be quite safe to say that the South has' been more responsible than the North for, its continuance. If, then, for a common object, the property is to be sacrificed, is it not just that it should be done at a common charge? And if with less money or money more easily paid we can preserve the benefits of the Union by tins means than we can by the war alone, is it not economical to do so? Let us consider:it then. Let us ascer tain the sum we have expended in the war since the compensated emancipation was proposed last March, and consider wheth er if that measure had.beea promptly ac cepted, breven some of the Slave States, the same would not have done more to close the war than has been done other wise. If so, the measure would save mon ey, and in that view would be a pradent and economical measure. Certainly it is not so easy to pay something as to pay nothing, but it is easier to pay a large sum than it is to pay a larger one. And it is easier to pay any sum when we are able than it is to pay it before we are able. The war re - quires late sums and requires them at once. The aggregate sum necessaryfor compensation of collies would be large,. but it would.require Ito readyesshi nor the bonds even, any butter than the entanolge tion programme. " ... . . . This might , not and ; probably ,;would would not close before the end c oithe thirty.seven yeirs. At' that tittle ''we - shall . probably have a hundreirmillioriti of'peeplerto Share :the:burden ; instead of, :thirty-tine million' is now. And.not only so. but theincrease of Our Populatioti may be expectedi Co atif tinue For • a lOnitime after therperindaa rapidly us before ' , because - 'our ,, terlittiti will not have become full. Ido potistate this inconsiderately: At the seals satie Of increase Which we have maititake4-91 an average from : our, firet - Nationargensuai in 179 , until _that of 186 k Weeliciuldin 1.900 h ve a population of I o 3,2oBXl6`and why m y we not continue that.ratie:farbei• yond that period? One ahundrine ;:room, J our broad National Homestead, is oar, am. ple resource. ' • , -.:1 , -. 1 i Fier our. territory as limited as sire the British ales, very cerfainlyt . Oeir . tofiiihttlon -could.: of expand , as: stated:- lastead , of receiving. the .foreigaLbtins,. sEI. - :novro:lve should he compelled to-send ,Rettt.ot. the I. native born stray. Hat Slick is not ; ou teonditien. - We haivi - 2,962;000 *hike miles. Europe has 3,800,000,mi* epotiai lation - avaging.7Bi persons ; to the - sgtiari mile. hy.may net, our country skribmif time average as many? .ls it-less fertile Hits it more, waste snrfacelby mountains; rivers, I, tkes,rdeserts or other cause/ i-..1a rip it infe to Europe„ in: any natural.. Ad!. vantage. If then we are at: 094te1. timer to be as. prosperous as-Europe, how.soon t As to vilen this may, he we can, , judge.o the Past and . ,•the• present. , As to:when-it will be, f . ever, depends much on 3yhethek we main ti the Drums. ; • - ~.:: : Sever ' •• of. our. States ..:ari,,Above -the average.ef Europe .7131: tethe square mile;. Magsach satts.hasls7,-Ilbode Island. 13.3 l aa Connecticut 99; New - Xork and Sein , ,Terse each 80.. Also the two other : great .state of Pennsylvania and - Ohio - are not far pet low, the former having. 6Vand `the latter tt,r 59. The %States already , above - the - Eurbi. peen average, except New Yorki have : inl• creased in as rapid a ratio_sinctpmsMg that point as ever before t - ivlrile rio one of them is equal to some 'other parts °Four country in.-petard- qapacity tor stuitain ing a , dense pc t pulation.. Taking - the nation in[the aggregate, and., Ave flail the population.. and ratio of increaiin 'tor, AO several deeennial periedsle'beitifollowii; 1790-3929,8. t- - .-..0 ..... . - - 1800 - 5.305,937; 85.02 passes, pi:l-cream. f uno-tr,239.11.4 26. 1 0 par , 4sent. ,, rsi.46of in c re a se. i 18•20-9.638. 1 31:. 83 13 per ept. 4 7830-42 866 020; 3319 -- " " 1 1840-17 069,16; 3267. i , • " • •r : i 1350--23,191,8i6: 35 87 ' ' 1 '864-6.1.443,160; 35 59 •' ' "- 1 u i This shows ,an average decennial..-ini i . crease of 34 60 per cent- In population throngh the severity years, from.our first Ito our last census 'yet taken': - . . i is is seen that the ratio of ineriiaseittiiiii one of the seven periods is either 2 pet• cent below, or .2 per cent. above the Avert age, thus showing how inflexible and con- sequently how reliable theldieitif iricrea in our caseis. - - - ' ''"l Assuming that it , will continuOr' give', the following results : •I'' ' - - •'; - 1 18 7 4 ‘42,828,372,-'lBBO - , - 56,966,216; 1890,, 76;677,872; '1900,403,208;416' 1910'188, 918,526; 1920, 186,984 * ,ta5' .; ' 49303 / 251, 1 r 680,914. I , -- • • - .'... - ,'' 1 1 : . ..- ...I t i.:.1 : . These figures show that our country.may ,be as , populous as Europe. ...NOW, at some- PIO between AP ARA : kii3.o, .say,(Abent. 19-6, our to ;tor 74,. per .totio too, if we o.not opmeives, relinquish the dances by the folly and, evils of disunion; or by long and exhausting wars, springing from the only great element..of national' discoid among us. While it cannot be fore seen exact* , how much one huge eiemple of secession, breeding leaser ones, bide& tritely, would retard population, Lion and prosperity , no one can doubt that the extent of it would be vory, grei...tt.,and injurious. The proposed emancipation would shorten the war, perpetuate „peaqe, insure the increase of ; opu4tion and pro; portionatelY the wealth of pay the_ otintry.f . - With these we should.all the emanct pation would cost, together with onr other debts, easierthan we should pay our.ether debt withorit it. If we lied:allowed oar old National debt to run at 6 percent. peran num simple interest from, the 'end of our ' revolutionary straggle until to-day without paying anything on elther principal or in -terest,: each "man "of us would owe leas_uptin thatdebt now than each man owed them This is becantie otirinereem of man through 'the whole Period has heegligimilt4ii'l.UZ ' per eent.;-has runf4ter::then: the 1444#4.4 up' onthe debt. Thus'lline - altineralifiles tEe debtor tuition:Se tang as increases fester thairthe unpaid - int:dist accumulateth upon its : debt. - • This fact would be rio'hxduse"for 00 1 4* ing-the pap:bent of what is justly due, but it shows the great importance of tibia in this connection. The' great advantage of the policy by which we shall not haVe. to pay until we "number one Ittuidred what we would have to pay nOv r whenWe number but thirty-one word, it shorn that a dollar be much harder to pay for the wdi, than' will be'a dollar for emancipation on thePropeol plan. And then the latter wilreott blood;mo prlicioui life. of both. As to the second'article,"Y think it' Woidd be.mpracticable , to , returit tozbendigethe class of persons .therein-:conteniplated! Some of them, doubtleatif-in the property sense, belong to loyal 'owners, and'hetied provision la made in this article , for coin- r.ensating such.:...- The third article relates to the futiare of the freed people. It does-not oblige, , but merely authorizes Congress -to aid ta,reol ciniiing such Ws may consent.", .Thit‘onght not to be regarded as objeotionableyorPthe one hand orl"on the other, inasintich , ai it comes to nothing unless .by the metal! consent of the implb ttibe deported', , and the American voters, thrmightheir repre-. sentatives . • I cannot make it, bitter known 'than it already is-that'l strongly: , faVof cciltinize tion, and yet I"Wish to-say therthiS an"oh:; je.ction -urged-against free colored persons' remaining iri the country, which is largely imaginary, if tot sometimes malicious. It is insisted that their presence would injure and displace white labor and white-labor,. era. If there 'ever could be a proper live for mere arguments, that time • ihrely is not now. In times like the present, men should utter nothing for which they would not willingly , " be responsible through - time and in eternity. Is it true that the-colored people can displace any more white' labor by being free than by remaining slavesY— If they stay in their old places; the jostle uo white labOrers. If they leave their old , places they leave them open to white la- borers. Logically there is neither more nor less of it. Emancipation even with-, out deportation-would ,probably enhance the wages oflwhitelabor and very nerdy, would not reduce them. Thus the custo mary amount of labor would still have to be performed. The freed) Reople would surely n§t.do! more than their old "propOrtion kind! very probat . dy. for _a time woulltdolese,' leaving . an increased. Raft .to Oita-labor , rers, bringing ; their leb . 4r 110: AT i l if e i. mend, and consequently wages of it. . WithAleta* a tio we w rotot limited aitenti to labor . 14,13 40eR t 4 1 417 09 45i14 141 01* ie 'aiwltittlfit 4 etaimoditfic4p - inar= , littnitietilliiissad,lati• Vol. 'XX:---Estabilslied 1842% . 10 increase the price ofii.., 11,,ednce the ••t:sp .ply of blacklattor - by7 - 6151iindir blank laborer, _ orit'iif the - cdiaitiyi and by pre. cisely so ' ffinch'yoliiiidreassillie demand iiii- wages of -white bilier.= .---- -- - -j-- - z - =' , - , - -7 ' , - , But itisrdealeredthaVthe.. freed people will swarm4mtk- -- 4ind=cover, the. mhola ltind.,i t ffi r ,/JIA tibtiotiolu'xuak 4 VOMF%°7 oze_mtmersausi- : - Epiii4 l ll,4ll.4ll.koßtcd Among the ; -..,States pf-.4le.. l .wheisk,c:funtry, and ,- there-..would„bp'lat- One zeolored to seven ,whittisi Could. the.oneiti Any Irilly Areitly diittirif:this'eattdia'""'`t":-, -1 ? There are ratiriji`ciiirlaiiinitikti*Oser. ing.:nusie llaWone fiVe:coloced person to seven whitesinilthiawithoinvin,Yapperent : , iindL-froars-it„.41.:.-District.,:of.:Coliiiisbis t aridilmStatecof*Uilapdistuipiter kiss are fulfills sionbusoni . Th - ellistr - et hes tuore g thafi l drielfreeiVolOsSorttia*whire s , arid... yen iirits Afreqn.eptitskitinnalo ‘Cot.- , g te lilillA.lbelintlitAitkPetln IMPRutO .the Pr,elT l ,9e of free, olittir 4 4 MI MI- *rode's/ us grievances: - '-. . •:,- Bni '' why; should Lissiiia` elyiiiiinu , 43iftith send -...the freed people-North:?r,.Peaphtpf itnyeelorseldere rtan.aulesitbere kf !ague thing to rfinTioni. "fieieiiiiiire.. enshivid jieopie;',lo' SOW aterie, hifie l ifialv,i* su4s froondae,:laridhutisy4eit (from both bondega and sleatilutinu i luftjf grad. nal , emancipation.,aud ,dAportatina. la" adopted, 'they ''vrill will ` '' :facltTis.r - to - flee Their Ad masters; will.giva theme wages •fikklee, at until new Yawls:bee., be:proettred, - end the, free taco; ;turn, wlll,_.AlAl9 glie'their labo d, t ei n'tif ibetes eati - "liti'frobtired-ler oliniatespitut :with veaPlo.:.of 3h - elec t :m e Illoelanki.enei,-, This TrP :can . . ye trusted on theanutneLinteresti, involved, 'and, iiiY`friVebt;76ititiOt 114 bide foritselt 4itethir tereeiive !Veal'?" .;,. 'Again; as:: *Bodes: prime inoret,, than theory,.in any nase,:haetht,re:beettaoy:ir. Caption .-Of colOred - people Nl•rthwayst be. 'ekes& elth'ir abhllsbute'nf, bralevti - V;bi the District last Spring? 'What Phave"said of ,the proportion: iof free colored perseh s to the whites, in, the ,pietriet.jefrorn the census of 1,8 60, having no, reference to the persons called contratrands;Vr ilioarmtide by the 'act of.Cofigress taltivery hare. • . -2.: Y=• : / 4'l . 4 , • .11111, plan neitasting,O'f &Use :articles is ideOmniehded;:ncit - lut"thile u re'stOlation ofthe itatiddal-atitheritr Wattla=beikeept. ed Adthoutitit adoption piior .141U - tie:wag nor. AroceedingaAndsg-„Akprodamolion Of 8,ept.44;'18(14, be,alayed,beesuae et,the • recommendation oPthlitplitf,: - .Jte (finely adciptionc I doubt/tick; frobldliini..-lisbn ratittal:antl thereby:gay both,' - i.I.S• 03E14 And,., notaithatandin'w plaki;i the recommendation, .41reyides by law "for compensating any. State w hich marlidoPt'ethirceipaloil'befdre'ills plan shall have , been-Itetieda nrion. l is bent y earnestly {stewed: : : Sochi would ;only . ategvance , part,of plan , end-Ake.eame srgamgnts.appli_to3 both. Thia , plait is recommended a'meith ,- , 'On] usieu of, but , edditionaPito tut "otheoe. foe re -doting_ And Jpresereing the ItationsilA-au thority thsoughout thiartgolt. jed hi,pf - eiebtekaiillis rr ely ialts ornotro kid i' "' ,:The plan twoUld;,-Lniki.ecinfittelitilieenre 7-Mee azore.sßeedilylind:maititainxik more permlnently than can , dona tu ly,foree alone, - eitlizte - Cost considerin • orce. ismost . likely, very likely : 4lst it Would costilo litiiodtt, all: • The plan is-propoied a'spennanent -Con stitutional law.. It cannot.' become , such. without the concurrence of, 1604; two. thirds of Congress,, attd aftersyards. thr,ne , " fcmrthe of the Stites. `Thaiiiihisitalliee fourthe of the -States wilt ..rreceiiiiiitrin• chide seven- of the I.lavel'iStates. concurrence, if .obtained, 3011, I .give assn. ranee of adopting emanci path:Pi-aerie very ilist i 4edWutitin "the ne'w constitutional ternia. his aaeiiraUee would end the struggle now, and save; the. Union:foievei. I dolMot forget the - graylwhiCh shMild characterize.a paper addressed td-113e 'Con gress.of the.nation by -the, Cl/jet:llEl;s. irate of Lae nation. Icor do forget,tbk t some 'of . you are my seniote; nor that many of yoniraveinote' riiiir'ci);ll: ' in the szonduct- of -:Oftblie:liffairti, let I - trust.that in. view :of The dgreat-i•esponsi.- 1 4i.tY,reati.ILPacm NetY- 01 Y;Miii percgive no want ot respect to Jonrselves n any iiiiiliieliaimestneettlinWsielit'tO d 1 ptiy. 0.411 it tdpubted4thit LEthirpleitittirootte, adePteil,;:treulitaber.tentilskiwar4,:tind of blood:' lessen :14 6'z/4' 1 2;141P u Sflt9kW 2 M4 l ..kd blood:' *MM' Ost'cii'"ll3o national atithotiiy-and•tiatiornapr*atity, and I:terjtiquate lieth.,indaftnitelAil Is it doubted that wehere,l Qtaegrey t ,and tacectitiVil, can secure itit - adOlitionf . Will riot. the good 'paopli tetilkinV to' 'a united and earnest appeal from "Jan we ; theyflay any other means, so , pertaintr •or wo_ - rstmtitly,wserej.these vital objects? Nye4l4.4pcoeed only by concert. It islibt 4 . litCY of us imagine licitter?"bet;-'metitrireitlfdaThatterir— f.ititt-vaceollieetotbahnievei„is4oissitile; stilJA o 9.1e.85 1 .91. 2 ...W4g - fitt*Cf.wlsoa/L. "Thwadbiabilt,iht lideoatip-to thiPisfa my prevent. ° need. , ctunottiapiledligiverigttdiffipetyt.tuasaa ,TTP I 4 IB I 111 84 Iffitktke AeLgitr case now', so we mast thin& allow, and lid anew: - WeriatiekdiSiiithialt and.. then we 4liall-Savelherelbillitry: , FtalowLeitizoistWe:-.l.:cauncit - iescipe. history. We, ef, this -,,CpRe . f984.40,46/0 Admtniati IA :remembered, in stiiti 'attredvet.' - NiPs6iliciihr?gelfi. • -oancemr- insignificance.oan spatioeite mother ef The fiery twat: titr.?gh which- vte ms down into honer' or 'dishonor -- to thelitat,' gonerik- I We , altrfiWeiu-e for the-ttnion." -The world will not-forget that we pay.this, know how,to save this Union, The `World kno*s;we know how tar live iti We rhea - we herehold -the power andibear:the spoasibility. -. '• In giving freedOm to the slaVea_vve as sure freedom to he freehOunrahle - alika in what we give and what we •presprve--- we shall ; nobly: save or meanly lose the last best hope of earth. Other Imeans,-may succeed—Oi!kaannot fait, : ' The way ut plain, •peacifel,...geterons, just—A way which, if the. orld will forever applaud, and ever bless. , ABRAEAK:i4COLII: Notice to Cottici , Buyeze.- Peneral P 940; igillilz!lattliet of "tli!I trict Corinth:. (Dlissisiippi)hasisanett an officialitOtice to- cotton. , btiYers;:tci this ; effect thit only ,perstinir - ith4' hattli heti duly autliPrizekbYMit4 can be Pen , matted to purchase cotton in that" thatpermits mast bs approved at Ileatl quarters in Corinth; - that merchant/lirnet, :eteploy.agents of unquestionable that iloaubligents must employed : .on 4 that no cotton can lie shipped unless there • itreatiifattoif proof that it was bought of a loyal ' luau . 411- pers4nalli-Ae7seiviee of thor goritemeolk ate , Avoltibitfil front : . Ikeallnajn..tuttton.—.ltiftitstionit of, tiles/ iouppfr• , . , ~; .. ts: - . , . .t... ,4 : 4 E.F51'.':^2.4: - ...1:::: - ...116„ I*.k . .. t -. 'H i.... - .., 1 : , 1 -.-: ''' V ll= ..., ..,,,,. '',...' 7 ..', 7 :,.' ,. 1 7 4t.W . ".i..'.k.: i.,..e.f.,t..
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers