8
e
e
u
ft
fi
B
C
oc
A
09
where to the same extent as though tbey bad
drawn their first breath in this country- W
can recognize no distinction between our na
tive and naturalized citiizcns.
81SSIA.
Betwten the great empire of Eutu and the
United States the mutual friendship and r gard
which has so long existed still continue to pre
Tail, and, if possible, to increase. Indeed, our
relations with that Empire are all that we
could desire.
STAIN.
Our relatione with Spaiu are now of a more
complicated though less duueerous character
then they have been mr n any years, uur citi
zens have bug hld. and continue to hold,
uiiumtou tbiini agiinst The Spanish govern
UMJt These h.d let 11 ably urged fr a series
of years by ur suectKivi tiiploiu die r.pres- nt
ati'ves nt M-ulrid, but without obtaining tj
drs. The Spanish kov rnment finally agreed
to institute a joint rouiiui-i u t.r the adjust
ment uf these i-laims, and on tht 5th day of
March, 1810. conclu-n-d a convention for this
purpose with our priwnt minister at Madrid.
Under Ihicouwnt!o, what have bteu denomi
nated "tie Cuban claims." amounting to
$126o.4l, in which more than ouc hundred
of our fellow citizens are interested, weie re
cognized, an I the Sptnitd) government agieed
to iay $100,0H of thin amount "within three
months folfoii!g the exchange o! latitica
rims.' '1 he payment ol the remaining $lib
055,1)4 was to await the decMou of the com
missioners n.r or Hiraiiist "Ibe Atnibtad c'aiin ;"
but in any event the balance was to he paid to
the claimants either by Spam or the Lulled
States. These terms 1 l ave every reosou to
know are hhihlv satisfactory to the holders of
the Cuban claims, Indeed, tltey have made a
loriD.il ctler authorizint; the Mntv Department
to fettle these claims, and to deduct the
amount of (he Amtftad cl iim from the sums
which they are entitbd to lecxive fioin Siuin.
This otler, of course, cannot be accepted.
All other claim f citiz ns of the United
States acainst Stain, or of subject of the
yueen of Spain against the United States, in
cluding the 4Amirtid claim,' were by this
convention refeirtd to a buaid of tommission
ers in the nsnal tonu. Neither the validity of
the Amistad claim m r of any other claim
agaimt either party, with the single exception
ot the L'ubn claim, was teeoguized by the
convention. Imbed, the Spaniel oveinineut
did not iut-ist that the validity of the Am la tad
claim should be thus mobilized, notwilhstand-
ing its payment had bieu
recommended to !
Congress by two of my predecessors as well as
by mjself, uud an appropnatnn lor that pur
pose had passed tbe Senate of the Uuited States.
They were content that it should te submitted
to the board fT examination ami decision,
like the other claims, Both governments were
bound respectively to pay the amounts awaid-
ed to the seveial claimants nt tuth times
and places as may Ik bxtd by and according to
the tenor ot said awards."
I ttauernittcd the proceedings of this conven
tion to the S'liate lor tin ir constitutional ac
tion on tlio ad of -May, 14.0, and on tbe 27th
of the succeeding June they determined that
they would "not advise and constnt" to its
ratification.
These proxvtdinirs place our rt lit ions with
Spain in an awkward and embarrassing position.
It is more than probable that tbe final adju&t
mei.t i f tbt so claims will devulva up-.n my snc
ceKsor. I reiterate the recoinm ndation contained in
my Annual Mcssige of December, 1&5U, and
rekeated iu that of December, 18oi, iu favor of
tbe acquisition of Cuba from Spain by fair
purchase. 1 firmly Itelicve that such an acqui
sition would contribute essentially to the well
being ai.d pruserityof both countries in all
futme time, :m well as prove the certain means
of immediately abolishing tbe African slave
trade throughout the world. I would not re
peat this rcomuitudatioii up,u tlie preseut
octaioii, it I Itelieved that the transfer of
Cuba to the Unittd SUHs, un conditions
highly favorable to Spin, could justly tarnish
the national honor of the proud and ancient
Spanish Mouarchy. Surely no p rwxi evt-r at
tributed to the fust Napoleon a disregard of the
national honor of France, for tranferring Lou
isiana to the United Stttcs forft Wit equivalent
both iu money uud commetcial ad vantages.
AUSTRIA, &c.
With the Emp'. ror of Austria, aud the re
maining continental powers of KunqK, inclu
ding that of the Sultan, our relations continue
to be of the most fiitxdly character.
CHINA.
The friendly and jteaceful policy purbned by
the Government of the Uuited States towards
the Empire of China, has produced the most
satisfactory results The treaty of Tientsin of
the 18th of June, 1SG8, has been faithfully ob
served by the Chinese autboiitiee. Tbe con
vent ion of the 8th November, lbZS, supple
mentary to this treaty, for the adjustment and
satisfaction of tbe claims of our citizens on
China, ref rred to in my last Annual Message,
has been already carried into effect, so far as
this was practicable.
Under this convention the 6nm ot 500,000
taels, equal to about $700,000, was stipulated
to be paid in satisfaction of the claims of Ameri
can citizens, out of the one-fifth of tbe receipts
for tonnage import, and export duties on
American vessels at tbe ports of Canton,
bhanchse. and Fuchao ; and it was agreed
that this amount shall I e in full liquidation of
all claims of American citizens at the various
ports to this date." Debentures for this
amount to wit: 300,000 taels for Canton,
100,000 for Shaoghae and 100,000 for Fucbau
were delivered according to tbe terms of the
convention by the respective Chinese collectors
of the customs ot these ports to the agent se
lected by our minister to receive the same.
Since that time the claims of our citizens
ha.e been ad jutted by the board of commis
sioners appointed for that purpose under the act
ot March 3, l&o'J, and tiieir awards, wnitn
proved salisuctory to the claimants, have been
approved by our minister. Jn the segregate
they amount to the sum of $419,004 iH. J he
claimants have already received a large propor
tion of the sums awarded to them out of the
fund provided, and it is confidently expected
that the remainder will ere long m entirely
paid. After the awards shall have been satis
fied, theie will lemain a surplus of more than
S'JOO.OOO at the disposition of Congress. As
this will in equity belong to tbe Chinese gov
ernment, would not justice require its appro
priation to some benevolent object in which the
Chinese mar be specially interested f
Our minister to China, in obedience to his
struct ions, has remained perfectly neutral in
the war between Great Britain and France and
the Chinese empiie ; although, in cos junction
with the Hussian minuter, be was ever ready
and willing, tad the op portunity offered, to
employ his nood omces in restoring peace be
tween the iartiea. It is but an act of simple
justice, both to our present minister and his
predecessor, to state that they have proved fully
equal to the delicate, trying and responsible
positions in which they nave on aiueruui occa
sions been placed.
japah.
The ratifications of the treaty with Japan,
concluded at Vedo, on the 29th of July, 1859,
weie exchanged at Washington on the 22d of
May lust, and the treaty iit-elf was proclaimed
on the succeeding day. There is good reason
to expect that, under its protection and in
fluence, our trade aud intercourse with that
distant and interesting people will rapidly in
crease. 1 he ratifications of the treaty were exchanged
with unusual solemnity. Fur this purpose the
Tycoon had accredited three of his moat distin
guished subjects as envojs extraordinary and
ministers plenipotentiary, who were received
and treated with narked distinction and kind-
noss both by the Government and people of the
United States. There is every lenson to hell ve
thtt tiny have returned to their native land
tntirely at it-tied with their visit, and iupiied
hv the uinst iritndly let-lines tor our cour.tiy
Let us ardently hope, iu the lan gu ace of the
treaty itself, th.it "there shall henccim w.itd le
perfKtiril peare and friendship betwien the
United States of America and his Majesty the
Tycoon of Japan and his successoie.
BRAZIL.
Wiih thewLse. com-ervarive and liberal gov
erunn nt of the empire of Brazil, our relations
continue to Ite of tl emot amicable cuurat-ttr
EW Oil AM ADA.
The exchange of the iatifb-ation of the con
vention with the republic of New Grana-J.
sitciied at Washington on the 10th September,
lbo7, has been long delayed from accidentia!
causes, for which neither party is endurable.
Ihtwe ralitication were duly excluded in this
ciiy on the 6th of November hu?t. Thus ha ft
controversy been amicably terminated which
had become to serious at the period of my in
auguration, as to require me. on the 17th
April, 1857, to direct our miuist r to demand
his passports and return to the Uuited States.
Under this convention the government of
New Granada has specially acknowledged itself
to be responsible to our citizens "for damages
which weie caused by the riot at Panama on
the 15th April, These claims, together
with other c aims of our citizens which had
been long urged iu vain, are referred for ad
justment to a Ixiard of oommis-ioners. 1 sub
mit act'pr of the convention to Congress, and
recommend the legislation necessary to curry it
into effect.
COSTA RICA ASO KlCARALiLA.
I'erse voting efforts have been made for the
adjustment of tbecIaimBof American citizens
agniiist the government of Costa Hi en, and I
am happy to inform you that these have finally
prevailed. A convention was signed at the
city of Sao Jose, on the 2d of July la-t, be
tween the minister resident of the United
States iu Costo Kica and the plenipotentiaries
of that lepublic, relerring these claims to a
lkaru of Commissioners, and providing for tbe
payment of their awards. This convention
will be submitted im men lately to the Senate
for their constitutional action.
The claims of our citizens upon the republic
of Nicaragua have not yet been provided for
by treaty, although diligent etlorts lor this pur
P1- have been made by our minister resident
to that republic. These are still continued
dth
a fair prospect of success.
Our relations with Mexico remain in a most
unsatisfactory condition. In my two l.ut an
nual messages I discussed extensively tbe sub-
ject of theee relations, and do not now propose
to repeat to length the tacts and arguments
then piesented Tbey proved conclusively tbat
our citizens residing in Mexico and our mer
chants trading thereto had suffered a series of
wrongs and outrages such as we have never
patiently borue f mm any other nation. For
these our successive ministers, invoking the
faith of treaties, hail, in the mime of their
country, H-rsisteutly demanded redress and in
demnification, but without the slightest effect.
Indeed, so confident had the Mexican authori
ties become of our patient endurance, that they
universally believed they might commit thts-j
outrages ujton American citizens with absolute
impunity, 'i bus wrote our minister in IHjIi,
and ei pressed the opinion that "nothing but a
maiiifitaliuu of the iower id' the Government,
and of its purpose to punish these wrongs, will
avail."
Afterward-, in 1807. came the adoption of a
new constitution for Alexia, the election of a
l'rosidcut aud Cougress under its provisions,
and the iuaugur.it i n of the 1'rettideut. Within
one short int titb, however, this President was
expelled from the capital by a rebellion in the
army, aud the supreme owur of the republic
was astli;ned to Uenerat iuloaa. I bin usurer
was in his turn soon compelled to retire and
gixo huM to General liinunon.
I niter the constitution wnu n nad inus oeeu
adopted, Seffor Juarta, as chief justice of the
Supreme Court, became tho lawful President ot
the liepublic, and it was for tbe maintenance of
the constitution and his authority derived
from it that the civil war commenced, and still
continues to be prosecuted.
Throughout the year !&o the constitutional
party grew stronger aud stronger. In tbe previous
history ot Mexico a success! ul military revolu
tion at the capital had almost universally been
the signal for submission throughout the repub
ic. Nutsoon the present occvioa. A majoiity of
the citizens persistently sustained the constitu
tional government. When this was recognized
in Apnl, IBo'J, by tbe Government ot the
United States, its authoiity extended over a
large majority of the Mexican State-sand people
including Vera Cruz and all the other import
ant sea ports of the republic. From that po- J
vivo, and the constitutional government has
afforded it all the protection in their power.
Meanwhile the government ot Juirainon still
held sway at tbe capital and over tbe surround
ing country, and continued its outrages agaiuet
the few American citizens who still bad the
courngo to remain within its power. To cap
tbe climax : After tbe battle ot iacubaya, in
April, 180, Gen. Maiquez ordered three citi
zens of the Uuited States, two of them physi
cians, to be seized in the hospital at that
place, taken out and shot, without crime and
without trial. Tliis was done, notwithstand
ing our unfortunate countrymen were at the
moment engaged iu the holy cause of affotding
relief to the soldiers of both parties who bad
been wounded in the battle, without making
any distinction between them.
the time had an ived, in my opinion, when
this Government was bound to exert its power
to avenge and redress the wrongs of our citizens
and to afford them protection in Mexico. The
interposing obstacle was tbat the portion tf tbe
oountry uuder the sway of Miramon could not
be reached without passing over territory un
der the jurisdiction ol the constitutional gov
ernment TTnder t hee tircu instances, 1 deemed
It my duty to recommend to t;ouere, r
last annual message, the employment of a suf
ficient military force to penetrate into tbe inte
rior where tbe government of Marimon was to
be found, Jwith, or, if need be without the con
sent of the Juarez government, thought it was
not doubted that this couaent could be obtain
ed. Never have I had a clearer conviction on
any subject than of the justice as well as wis
dom of such a policy. No other alternative
was left, except the entire abandonment of our
fellow-citizens who had gone to Mexico, under
the faith of treaties, to the systematic injustice,
cruelty, and oppression of Miramou's govern
ment. Besides, it is almost certain that the
simple authority to employ this force would of
itself have accomplished all our objects with
out striking a single blow. Tbe constitutional
government would then ere this have been
established at the city of Mexico, and would
have been ready and willing, to the extent of
its ability, to do ns justice.
In addition and I deem this a most impor
tant consideration European governments
would have been deprived of all pretext to in
terfere in tbe territorial and domestic concerns
of Mexico. We should thus have been reliev
ed from tbe obligation of resisting, even by
force, should this become necessary, any at
tempt by these governments to deprive our
neighboring republic ot portions ot her tern
tory ; a duty from which we could not shrink
without abandoning tbe traditional and estab
lished policy of the American people. I am
happy to observe, that, firmly relying upon
the justice and good faith of theee govern
ments, there is no present danger that such a
contingency will happen.
; HiTitift I'Hcovpred that my recommendation would
not be sustain1'! by congreta. ins ten aiwDaiirv was
, uaccMt-plili, to some degree. If rosa ble, Umbbbm ob
:jcn t y treaty sii(.ulan Wilb tbe ntuututim a! gnr
ernma.il. u h truatie w?re aco Tthtigly eooclud! by
our 'ale alle - irelleut m nitfT ! Mexico, and n
llio4lb January I ist was nub nutted V tbe Heaaie f r
r.tlflalnn. As tbe have Lot yet received tbe flnalac
Iton of il at tHxty, u would betmpropr. for me to preeeot
a detuM statement of their provtswnn. btili I may be
Irtn ttttl u i xiretb tue opinion la advau- that tbey are
calculatr i to i-rouoto the agricultural, mauufacturlnjr,
an! c im iTda) iclere U of tbe country, and to aecuns
our luil it.n-ieuce with an adtoiuing republic boae
dTtuLfM ami fate wttcao nevrr feel indifferent; whilst at
tbe saiua i:nie-tney pruTidr for the pay man t of a o
Milerablc amount towards ine satisfaction of the claims
ot our luiuml reliow-cilizon.
KASfSAf aSD CTAU.
At the period of my Inauguration I was confronted la
Kunfus by a revolutionary p Tern mnt, existing under
i.,.t it iLhI tt.e Toueka cuiutituUon. It avowed ob-
jirt was t" eutidue the territorial government by fbree.
am t'i limU(Turiwf wiim wa t n.u "p
niut in it a vaJ loaceomplih tbisobject aneitenslve
military organization was ltrmed and its command en-;
truxted to tin mofit violent revulutiouarr leaders. U nder
tbniw rircumrtauet, It Wcame my imperative duty to i
prevent tbe tinmv of rivil wir inim ajfain racing in Ran
wob, hi- li, in tte exHttl state of tbe public mind, both
North ami nuji. miui utve ciwoueu mw iuo uiiu
lrim States.
i h- hi .t i It u.rtifs ia Kanaflhad.brvn inflamed airaioHt
eji.-li other by emissaries both from the North and the
5ouih. to a degree 01 uiiliiilty wuuoui psnnei in our
bistorv- T prevent actual rollitfin. aud to aaiat the
ciril mauitrate-t in enfurctnn ine itws, a sirooit aeiam
m;nt"of lb- army was Ktationvd in tbe Territory. ready
U aid tbe uian-h&l and biftdwpullfs. wbeu lawfully call
eI upon, as a p-xte coit.Uafut In the execution of ilvil
and criminal proresa.
Still, tbo trub Wrf tu hausu cun u not ue veen iwr-
matieutlv wttlid wnbo-it au fkctuin by the iteople. The
ba)ld box i tli surest arbiter tr deputes amoog free
men. l'i dr lb s cntiviclion, every pror ellort was
etnpl"eu to Indure the Loatile parlies to vote at the elec
tion oriUloatrs to frame a Mtlecnutitu4oii, aud aft T
wanls at tbe eI;t ou to dorlde whether Koom hbuuiJ
iMtikliiAorafrratlv. Toe iniuraent prly reiu- d
to vole at eiV er. l tlii migtt be cotnidered a recog
tiittnn i-u their rt ol li e lerr.wnai roveminrui rewu
ii bed by OHiRrciis. A better spirit, b-mever, seemed
iou alter to prevail, aim ini p'uB mm tw im
at the tliitd election. Iieid mm Hip Or si Uomlap ol January,
g:8 lor Uienibeis ttie iemiure aua eum uiucera
unler tlio .mHon confcUiution. Tbe reuit was the
titumfh of tbe anU lavery party at tbe polls. Tbis de.
lalwn ol llie oll' x irovr oari; ion iup pi;
mere id the ma writ p. and remove i me oanger oi civii
w .r Krum that time we have beard attle er wotting of
the Topeka government, an4 all ftenous atogertH rem
lutiouary irouoies in &ansa win liwu i mu wo.
Th ltinmton constitution, whleb had been tbtts re-
cognized at tins Slate election by the vot a of both io
tincal tties la Kaunas, wan transnrttrd to me with
the request tbat I sii"Uld present it to Congrt se. Tbta I
could uirt have refused to dJ without violating my clear
est aud ttronee't cnvitiunsd duty. Th- c mutton,
anda'i tbeprueetlitirs wblrb precceded and followed Iu
rortna'ion, were fjir aud regular on tbeir face. 1 then
behuved, and exprieuce hs proved, that tbe interest
f the pe-ople ol haus'ie wim u nave oven oe-i colsuiuu
l. tu a.ltni-ifioi a a Ftite in'o tbe tulon, epecUUv u
the majurity. wit bin a brief period, could have amcuded
tbe constitution according to tlK-tr will and pioa-ure- it
fraud existed iu all r any ot tticae proueeoiug', it vu
not for tbe l're-id"nt, hut tor Congress, to investnate
and determine tbe qumtton ot fraud, aud wbt ounlit to
be its roui-equencva. H, at tbe two first elections, tbe
mJ rlty retuaed to vole, it cannot be pretended Uitl tins
refusal to exercise tbe eleenve franchise could invalidate
an election lairlv held under lawful authority, even if they
bad uot subs "luently voted at the tlitrdelection. It is true
that the whole constitution bad not been submitted to the
people, a 1 always desired ; but the preeedeuta are nu
merous of the admu m ofUUrf tuto tbe L'biou lUVut
sucbsubniL-tJ-lua.
It r uid n t c mport with tbe present ptirpie to re
vlow the pruceedinifif f longre upon tin; LeeomptoO
oonftitutiou. It im fiifllfieiit to observe that their dual
at li on his fiiuuTC 1 tbe Ut veMtge of serious revo-u-tionary
trouttc. lb e dec erie batd recently assem
bled, under a noorms outlaw, in tbe Eoutbern port'on
of tbe Terr ib ry. to rlt the execution r tbe laws and
to plunder peaceful citz.ns. will, I doubt not, be speedily
hiib ;ed aud brought to j-stb e.
H:t't 1 treatetl tbe lecmptoo coos) I tut ion a a nullity
and refused ftr4ninit lliofoafres-. It snot difheult to
i mac i ne, whilst recalling tbe pORtlion of the c untry at :
tliat moment, what would bate been tbe d l taslrouii cou
t )t.eiic. btli ii aud out of the Territory, from sucb a
dereliction of duty on thepirt ot the Kxecutlve.
IVrure ba alo boeu reatcrd within Hie Territory ol
I'taii, wbirh, at the commencement of my Administra
tis, was iu a bUie oT n-n rebellion. This was Uie
mor daiiKeroiif, as tbe pci-ple. auimalcd by a fanatical
spirit aud etitrulirhed witbui tfwtr dL-lant mountain fast-uf-RKflti,
m'KUt have made a long and formidable rciiHl
atico. tot what It niiubt, it was eceaary to bring
tneni into Hiibjeelion to tbe Constitution and liie laws.
Sruod t obey, therefore, a well a.i humanly. retjuiriMt
that tilts object should, if p-itde, le arrompiidted with 1
out the effusion ot blod. Tin could only Ik- eflwted by
Mending a mililaiy force into tbe Territory sumciently
tri-ng to onvinre the eople Unit remstim e would ' e
liopeie)t, and at the umt bMr t wict inem a para m
for i.-t n ii condition of immediate aubmir-ion
to the t;.veriiment. Tlth jxilicy wax pursued wilb emi
nent stici:es.i ; aud the oly cause fr regret is tbe heavy
-sienttiiiro reulre4 to mirt h a tar;- deUchmeot of
tbe army lo tbat remote rel'tn and lo lurni-h It submit
nUi f. t ub a iiw oomparatively peaceful and quiet,
aud lite m iilary force b bei ti withdrawn, except that
lortion or it uefary b keep lb Indians in check and
in protm tbe em'grant train on their way lo our 1'aciuc
pOSS!i01)a.
In my Ar t annual nieffaage I promised to employ my
bent exertion, iu ro-operatiin with Congreas, to rediire
tlteexeudituresof tbe (iovornment within the limit-
ofa wie aud judirinus economy. An overflowing treaniry
liad pndurrd habit f prodigality and extravagance
which could only be gradually corrected. Tbe wink re
quired both time and patieoce. I ei -plied myself dili
gently to tbift task, from lb beginning, and was aled
hy the able and euerpotic lTrts of tbe beads of the dlf
brent Executive Oepartmenls. The result of our labors
in this r Md cautie did not appear in the sum total of our
expenditures for the first two yers, mainly in ez-nse-(juenc
of the extraordinary expendltun necessarily In
curred in the I' tab expedition, and the very.Iarpeanwunt
of the con tin era t expenses of Congress duriug this period
These greatly exceeded the pay and mileage of tbe
members. 'or the year ending JDth June, lbiS, whilst
the D iv and'mileaeo amounted to$l,4VM:i4, the contin
gent expenses rose to 1',UW,.1 79. and for tbe year
euding JH-ih June, lfe'-y, whilst tbe pay and mileage
amounted to t-C, the contingent expenses
amounted to Sl.V;i'5 7.
1 am banpy. however, to ue able t inform you that
during tlio last lijcal year ending on the 30th of Juue
lb), tlie total exenuiture or the uovernmeat in an tu
branches lci:lsljive, execulive and judicial exclusive
of tbe luM i: debt, w- re reduced to tba sura of $ii,40-' -
4A5 46. This conclusively appean frm tbe books of tlie
Treasury. In tbe yeare&ding on tbe 3eth of June, 1K5S,
the total expenditure, exclusive of tue public debt
amounted to T 1,901,1 77, and tOat for the year ending
tbe iiwh t June, 1W, lo W,34r, 't2& 13. Whilst tbe
bH)ks of tbe Treasury ihow an actual expenditure of
tf,Ms,47 72 lor uie year ending on tne aoui of June,
lwiO. Includiug $1.040, Mi 71 for tee conlinKentexpcn-
ses of Couh'ress, there must be deducted Iron this amount
tho sum of S4.-.-M.0t vti, with tbe interest upon it of
S1.S0.0U0, appropriated by tbe act of the 15th February,
1MM). -tor tbe puri)ose or supply ins tho deuctennv in
tbe revenues and defraying the expenses of tbe I'oat Otnoe
Department for the year ending tbe thirtieth of Juue,
one thousand eight hundred and flity-mne." This sum,
therefore, Juatly cnargeab:e to tbe year I860, must be
deducted from tbe snm of S69.M8, 474 72 in order to as
certain the exjienditure for the year ending on tba 0tb
of Juue, 1810, whkh leaves a balance for the expendi
ttim of itiat year of !&,4tol,A 4H. Tbe interest on tbe
public debt, including Treasury notes for tbe same dscal
j ear ending ou the SOibof June, 1M0, amounted to
S3.1",'il4 C2, which, added to the above sum of
402.466 4fl. makes an aggregate of S58.5; 9,780 OS.
Jt ouftbt in justice to ue ooerred tnat sevemi oi tue
estimates from lbs departments for Uie year ending on
the 30tb of June, were reduced by Congress below
wa u. atiii is deemed compat ble with tbe public
tnterwt. Aliowiug a literal m a.iam.oOU ioi
tins reduction, and 1 r othr naues, it may be safely as
serted tbat tbe sum of S1,000 000, or at the moat Sd'i,.
ooo I'M) is amply sufficient to administer the UoverDmeut
and u pay ine inieret on uie puunc oeui, uoie-s on
undent events should hereafter render extraordinary ex
penditures uacecisary.
This result has been attained to a considerable degree
by the care exercised by tbo appropriate departments ia
entering into public contract. 1 have myaelf never in
terfered with the award of any surh contract exeept ia
a single ease with the Colonization (Society, deeming it
advisable to cast the whole responsibility In each cane oa
tbe proper bead of tbe department, wita tue general
instruction that these contracts k. ould always be given
to tbe lowest and best bidder. It has ever been aay
opialou tnat public contracts are not a legitimate source
of patronage to be conferred upon personal or political
favorites : but that in all surh cases a public officer ia
hound, to act for ineuovernraent asa prudent individual
would act for himself
AFRICAN SLAVE TBADB, SiC.
It is with great satisfaction I communicate the fact,
that, since tbe dat ot my last Annual Message, not a
single slave has been Imported into the United states la
violation oi tne laws probirnttng tbe African alave trade.
This statement a founded upon a thorough examination
and investigation of tbe subject. Indeed, the spiiit
which prevailed some time since among a portion of our
fellow-citisens in favor of this trade seems to have entire
ly subsided.
jgU also congratnlate yon upon tbe public sentiment
which now exitit agalnM the crime of setting on foot
military expeditions within Uie limits of tbe United
States, to proceed from thence and make war apon the
people oi uaoawndin: Mat, with whom we are at peace
In ibis rpect a happy changw baa been effected since
uie cuuineucemeni oi my Adnunistrauon. ii surviy
ought to be the prayer of every Curttiaa and ptnt
inai suco expeuinoua may never again receive counio
nance in our country or depart from our a bores.
It would be w eless reiietiUun to do more than refer,
with earnest oommendauon. to mv former recommenda
nons in lavor of the Pacioe railroad of tlie grant of
power to tbe President to employ the naval force ia tbe
vicinity, for tbe protection of the lives and property of
wutiuid nut ni-.-uitu..
our fellow -ciuxens paaamg in transit over tho different
Central American routes, against tbe sudden an -J lawless
outbreaks and depradattond ; and also lo protect Ameri
can merchant vessels, their crews and cargoes, against
violeul and unlawful relxures and conoFcativn i tbe
rorts ol Mexico and tbe South American republic, when
Ummm may be in a disturbed and r volutin .ary condt-
ton. It m my settled conviction, tbat wJhout such a
now r we do uot afford that proU-cnoo to I b'o engaged
in the commerce of tbe country which tbey have a right
to dema o.
urno or xkmbixs or cosobiis.
I again recommend to Congress the passase of a law
ia iHirnuanee ef tbe provisions of tbe Constitution, ap
pointing a day certain previous to the 4th f March, in
earn year er an odd number, tor tne election oi repre
sentatives throughout all tbe Sutee. A similar power
bas already been exercised; with general approbation, tn
tbe appointment of Die same day throughout the Unjou
for holding the eb cuon of electors for 1'rewdent a' d
Vice President of the United Slate. My at lent on was
earnestly directed to this subject from the lai t. that Uie
ZSlh Cngreateiminateuun tbe 1 or Man li. iH&v
out making the uw-Marjp aropriaiion for tl. e service
of Uie font uiiue veparimeoi. i was men torcea to c n
aider tlio bent remedy for this omia:Ki, an-l an imnir
diate call of the ttresent t'otigrerfs was the natural rMrt
I'jtou enquiry, however, I aaueitaioed tlut Qlleen out of
the thirty -three sUUm cuoiaMiug tbe toutederacy wire
1 without representative, and that, rouiMuenlly, thee
oi teen Maiei wouiu ne aui-auuutaea uy aca a call,
These fifteen Sutes will be t tbe same roodit:on on the
4lb ol March next. Ten of ibem cannot elect repraieuu
Uvea, according to exunug Mate laws, until different oo
riods, eitendlug from the beginning of August n"it untd
Uie montha ot October and November.
In my last tm-apage I gave warning that, in a time of
sudden and abtruuug duger,tbe saltation of our lUMitu
tons miKbt depend udoo lui powei uf Uia President im
mediately to a-feinble a full C-Hig ess, to meet the nivr
gency.
Taairr.
H i now quite evident that tbe 11 nan I il noceysltic of
tbeuovernmeut will require a wouincalloa of tbe UnO
dunna your prcsenl seaniou. for tbe purpoae of inereaa-
tug tbe revenue Iu tbts ap-ct, I desire to reiterate tbe
recommendation coniamrd in ray isst two annual mM
sage, in favor of Imposing i-JxciSc inatead of ad valorem
duties on all importnt arliclea to which luese can be
properly applie Krtm loug observation and experience
l am coavincea uu ipociac uuuen are necessary, both
to protect tbe revenue and tecure to oar manufcturng
IntoreHts that amount of inci'lental encouragement which
unavoKiaoiy reaupa irom a revenue tann.
As an absVact prupoiliu it may be admitted tbat ad
valorem I'u'ics would, in theory, be tbe mt a Just and
euuti. nut ii tna exiieneoce oi tun ana all otber commer
cial naUons has demons trausd tbat snch duties cannot be
aateasm auu coiiettted witmmt great ft audi noun the re.
venue, then it la tbo part of wisdom to resort lo S ecidc
uuiiva. ioim-vu, inn iuw very uaiure oi an ad Vaiorum
duty, tb'H must be UV result. Under it tbe inevltabla
oonrequeoce is. tbat foreign goods will be entered at less
inan men- true vaue. ine treaxury wiil, therefore, lose
tue auty on uie uiuereuce netween tl:ir real and flcli
Uoua value, and to this extent we ate defrauded
Ibe temptations which ad valorem duties prevent to a
dlsboaeat importer are irrwiisiable. Uu object is to pass
bis goods through th) custom house at tbo very lowest
valujUon neces ary to sive tbem from coaticatioo. Iu
Uits be too often suenee'ta in npit of the visii&nLe of the
the revenue umrors. Hence the resort to false invoices,
one for tbe purchaser and another for tbecu-b m house'
and to other expedients to defraud the Government.
tue noneii irojorier proa urea nta invoice to tbe collec
or, stating Ibe actual price at which be purchased tbe ar
ticles alrf-oad. Not so the diebeneat Importer and the
agent of tbe foreign manufacturer. Aud here at may be
observed tbat a very large proporti ia of tbe nn.r.o.
lures imported from abroad are consigned for sale to
comm.sa ou mcrmani wno are mere Stents employed
by tbe manufacturers, in such cases no actual -ale bis
been made ts tlx tbclr value. Tbe foreign manufacturer
if be be dishonest, preiwresan invoice of the g jode not
attfaeip actual value, but at tbe very lowest rat i
aary to escape detection. Ia this manner tbedixbouest im
porter anu ue lureign manutacturer enjoy a decided ad
vai.Uge over Uie booesl merchant. Tbey a ethua Mihi.
to undersell the fair trader, and drive him from ti e mir
ket lo fa t, the operation of tbts system has already
driven from tbe purauit of honorabl commerce manv of
tbat class oi regular and oonacinntious meichanbt wboje
cbarat ter, throughut tbe world, is tbe pride of our
country.
ine remedy tor tnc- evils is to be found im stwifl..
dutica, ao far as this may be practicable. Tbey dispense
with any Inquiry at the cutom bouae into ihcn.i
coat or value of am le, and it pays Ue precise
amount of duty previotily flied by law. Tbej present
nc temptauoua to tbe appraisers or foreign goods, who
reeelre but nnU salarief, and might, by undervaluation
in a few cases, render themselves independent.
Dvaiuea, ma uuuri nest eoniorm to tbe rrauisition
in the L'outitution that "no pref-r5Uce shall be aiwn t.w
aay reguuuon oi c .mmerre or revenue to the puts of
wnvriiwuicr i MuoiQar. - under our ad ralnrtM
system such preference are to some exWut inevitable,
and comi'latuta baveolten btwn made tbat tho spnlt of
Una jwu vision has been violated by a lower appraisement
of tbe same articles at ouo port than at aiM ther.
Au Uiipre-siou strangely epougb in-evils to some ex
teut that tbeapecltk- duuejareuecesaanly protective du
tie. Nothing can be m're fallacious, t.rea Briuln
glories in fre trade, and yet her whole revenue from
import u at the pre eut moment collected under a ayK
tem of tneciiic duUea u u .tfikH im ma
miTumiiui. m iuo c -nini' r ia i traty ol the iid of Jan
oary, 1MH, between France and Kugland, one of the ar
ncles provides tbat Uie ad wxUtrrm duties which II impo
ses shall be ctnvvrtcd inbi speciQr duties wdlun wi
moutus from its date, and these are to be ascertained by
making an avurageu the prices wx monibs previous
to Hut time. Ibe reverse of the propomii m would be
nearrr to tbe truth, becauso a mu Ii Itrver anion nt of
reveu oo wonld be collected by merely converting the ad
vatunm dntpvof a Urlllblo equivalent aiwriiicdutiee.
Te this extent the reveuue would be increaaed, and in the
pn orwou me ( in': iuihs miui be dim luis bed.
specific duties wouhl eecure lo tbe American wanufac
turer tba incidental protct.a to which he is fairly eu
btlcd umler a reveuue ur.ll, and to this surely uo'per
sou would ol-j-tt, Ibe framersof tbe existing tariff have
gone further, and in a liberal sihtU have dhrnimnated
in lavor of large and use) ul branches of our maouftc
turee, uot by raising tbe rate of duty ujkd trie imporla
Uonol eimilflrarUclMfrom abroad, btitwbetis tbe same
In tfleet, byadmiutag articles free of duty which tutor
into the composition or their fabrics.
Under the preseut system it bas been often truly re
marked that lb s Incidental protection decrease when
Ibe man fa turer needs it muat, and increases when he
needs it least, and constitutes a ti ding scale wtlcb al
ways operates again t bim. i he revenu-s or thecoun-:
try aie subject to similar tbicUbcn. Insuwd of approach
Ing a steady standard, as would be tbe case under a ry-'
tern of specific duues, they Kink and rue with the siukiog
and rising prices of articles In foreign ounmes. it
would not be difficult for Congre s to imnn a svatem
of specibc dunes which would afford additional stability
ootn to our revenue ana our .manufactures, and without
injury or injtunce to any interest of the eouol-y. Ibis
m:gbt be accomplished by arcerUlmng the average value
of any given article for a series of years at tbe olace of
exportation, and by simply converting ibo rate of ad ea-
urem auty unju ii wuicn mignt ne deeuud necessary for
revenue purpose, into Uie form of a epet iQc duty. ucb
an arrangement c aid not iHure tbe consumer. If be
should pay a greater amount of duty one year, this would
be counterbalanced by a leaser amount the next, and In
tbe end the aggregate would be tbe same.
I desire local! your immediate attention to the present
condition of tbe Treasury, 10 ably and clearly presented
by tbe Secretary In his retort to Conara-a : and to re
commend tbat measures be promptly adopted to enable
it to discharge iu pressing obligations. Tbe otber re
commendations of tbe report are well worthy of your
lavunoio oousiucreuon.
I herewith t anainit to Conrress the reports of the Su
cre lanes of War, of the Navy, ot the Interior and of Uie
postmaster tienerai. l ne recommendations and tuggee
tlooa which they onntatnare highly valuable and deaerve
your careiut attention.
Tbe report of tho Postmaster General detail the cir
cumstances under which Cornelius Vaaderbilt, on my
request, agreed, in tbe month of July but, te carry Uie
ocean mails between cur AUantic ai.d Pacific coast.
Had he not thus acted, thi Important intercommunion
tion must have been suspended, at least lor a neaioo.
The Pvunaatcr tienerai bad no power to make him any
other compensation than the postages on tlie mail mailer
which be might carry. It was known, at tbe time, that
these postages would fall far short of an adequate com
Knsation 'as well as of tbe sum which the same service
r .i, .u a .m.. Mr. vaaderbilt.
in a commendable spirit, wan willing to relv uuon the
justice of Congreas to make op tbe deficiency ; and 1,
uicrciwrot rvcomuienu uuu an appropriauoa may be
granted for this purpose.
I should do great injustice to the Attorney General,
were I to omit Ibe mention of bis distinguished services
in tba measures adopted land prosecuted by bim for the
defence of the tiovenuaeut against numerous and un
founded claims to land in Callioruia, purporting to have
been made by tbe Mexican government previous to toe
treaty of cession. Tbe success: ul opposition to these
claims has saved to the United Mates public property
worta seany millions of dollars, and to Individuals hold
ing title under them at least an equal amount.
It has been represented to me. from sources which I
deem reliable, that tbe inhabitants in several portions of
nansas nave orenreuuceuineariy tea state oi starvation,
on account of tbe almost total failure of their crops,
whilst the harvests in every other portion of the country
have been abundant The prospect before them for the
aonruachinc winter is wen calculated to enlist tbe svmna
thies of every heart Tbo destitution appears to he so-
general tbat it cannot ne relieved by private contribu
tions, and tbey are in such Indigent oircumstanees as to
be naabte to purchase the ntnssaries of life for them
selves. J refer the subject to Congrw-a If any constitu
tional measure for their relief can be devised, I would
recommend its adoption.
1 cordially commend to yonr favorable regard tho in
terests or the pople of this District. Tbey are eminently
entitled to your consideration, especially since, unlike
tbe people of tbe States, they can appeal to uo Govern
ment except tnat f uw l nion.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
WasaiJtoioi City, Sd December, lboO
To Esn let orr Wis now. Take an ordi
nary paint brush or sponge, and rob over the
glass, once or twice a day, a little alcohol, and
it will keep the glass as free from ice as In the
middle of summer, and will give as good pol
sh as can he got in any other way.
i r iaj ii. icsnnt,ti,un,.i
The Horrors of the Papal Prison.
The Florence Nazione presents us with
the summary of a little work, entitled the
"Prisons of Paliano." It is the record of
the experience of several political prison
ers, written in the Pontifical dungeons of
Pali ano. These tombe for the living are
now. thanks to recent events, empty. One
prisoner writes:
In tho fort of Paliano there are about two
liumlrfd political prisoners, dressed like
the criminals condemned to the galleys,
and, like them, shaved. They are divided
into live sections. Those condemned for
life are hut up in cells, about nine spans
wide and about sixteen long, including the
little table of brickwork. Other cells about
three Maiirt wider, contain three prisoners;
and others, not much larger, have seven
teen all huddled together, in tne first oi
these there is a small grating over and
opposite the door, through which the food is
iiitrouuceu. i ne oiuer ceus nave one win
dow, aud Boinetimcs two, witli an opening
ot about Jour spans in breadth and one in
height, ami through this the prisoners are
fired upon if it be necessary to keep them
quiet. The fuod ami hospital arrangements
were villianous. 1 he patients are neglect-
ed aiid ill-treated. The medical attendants
will hardly ever send a patient to the hos
pital, and when they lo send linn they
always keep him ou strict diet.
Perhaps they have a secret understand
ing with those who contract for tlie food.
One day, when some complaints were made
on account of the bad soup in the hospital,
the person who made the cc in plaint was
taken by two keepers, and by dint of blows
and kicks, was forcibly thrust along into
the darkest dungeons, auu there detained
many davs by order of tho governor.
When some prisoner at the point of death
refuses to receive a confessor, he is re
moved iuto a solitary cell, and there, after
having heaped on huu a thousand outrages,
orders are given to one of tho lowest turn
keys to kilt him by snttocation. Ihe fact
is known troni the confession ot the turn
key himself, who, ou ore occasion, refused
to be a party to this barbarity. I he corpse
is interred iu the interior ot the tort, and
the governor is present at the funeral.
ometiuies he gives a kick to to the head
ot the corpse, and commits similar out
rages.
The following is the testimony of another
victim of Papal misrule:
Whilst I was an in mute of this den of
horrors, a w ife with her little boy obtained
porniii-Hioii to see her husband. It was ten
years since tlie Papal government had torn
her husband from her embrace; the boy
had never known his father, for he was
boru after the arrest. Neither the prayers
of the a Ii lifted wife, nor the tears of the
tender child, nor the sobbings and despair
of the unhappy father, could induce the
governor to allow them but one embrace
tu lot them nungio their t-ars together.
It would be impossible to describe the
rigors and the tortures, always new aud iu
creating, which have been invented to aug
ment the bultenugs ot the prisoners alter
the laHt fatal attempt at flight. In order to
prevent the political prisoners from holding
the slilitt-Bt communication with the outer
world, recourse was even had to the very
Hlrango and absurd expedient forbidding
I.I I. :.. I.. ' .!.
tlio physician (although an individual com
pletely subservient to the governuifut)
rom personally visiting ttie sick in prison.
lie was to treat tin in on the report of a
creature who but a short time before had
been in the galleys, and was transferred
thence to perform tho ollico of an hospital
attendant.
This liberated galley-slave felt the pulso.
made his diagnosis, drew his conclusions,
and the physician meanwhile watted in the
room of the governor for the report of the
attendant, and, according to the character
of that report, prescribed remedies for the
patients whom he had never seen. Rep
resentations on representations were neces
sary before the Papal government could be
induced to abandon this singular mode of
proceeding; and it was only after some time
that the physician obtained permission to
approach the bed oT his patient; but even
then only in tlie company of the turnkeys,
who were placed as spies over his move-,
men t a, his words, and the very expression
of pity w hich his countenancemight betray. I
Oueoftho patients, a certain M , of I
Dologna, begged to see the governor, to
implore in the name ol his companions, the
permission to have the period lor exercise
extended for half an hour. The only reply
he received was an order that he should
be put in chains weighing eighty pounds,
and thrown into the tower. Tho tower,
situated in the centre of the citadel, is the
most horrible of prisons damp, isolated,1
with an opening at the roof, leaving the
prisoner exposed to all the inclemency of
the weather.
Be it summer or winter, the inmate of
tlie tower has no bed save the bare ground
no covering save his own apparel no
food save bread and water. When I left
the fort to be conveyed as an exile across
the frontier, a poor prisoner bad just died
in consequence of illness caused by the
repetition of this punishment, from which
more than one prisoner nad died whom the
government, perhaps, Wished to get OUt of
the way. A certain V , of Ascoli, on
returning from the chapel to his own cell,
happened, when he reached the courtyard
of the fortress, to salute a condemned pris
oner belonging to another section, who Was
looking through the grating. For that
offence the head jailor, after beating him,
had the usual chains put ou, and then sent
him to the tower. It was in March, on an
Easter bum I ay. After three days of suffer
ing he was found stretched out, almost
frozen, on the ground. Then he was re
moved to the hospital, and, thanks to a
strong constitution, alter some time he re
covered. Many amongst the political pris
oners, in consequence of the treatment tin y
had received, from the moral and physical
tortures endured, have becouie insane.
They howl in their prisons, sometimes
mingling with the other victims, at other
times alone, but without any ditTereuce of
treatment. One of these wretched maniacs
committed one day an insane act. The head
jailer beat him so cruelly as to leave him
almost lifeless on the ground. Yonng C ,
who was in the same cell, indiguant at the
outrage, called out that they were murder
ing the man. Thereupon the jailer deput
ed, but immediately returned with a band
of turnkeys; who at once fell upon the
youth, removed him to another prison, and
there, wita sticks and ropes, mercilessly
belabored him. Another poor fellow, whose
intellect was temporarily wandering. A.
M , having made some complaints
Aim i sjie an-: rrirfiu nit.i.i.iMi. .iumjiii. ,
about bis food, was kicked and thrauhed
back to his old cellthere left without at.
tendanc, without the visit of the physician,
and with the corsest diet, lie recovered
from his mental illness, but now, owing to
the length of the imprisonment, of the suf
ferings endured, and to the treatment to
which he has been subjected, his health
has suffered to such an extent that his
friends have no hope of ever seeing him
again on this side of the grave.
Pedestrianism ia England.
TUE FASTEST TIME EVER MADE.
A MILS It 4 MlttTB 21' aaCOHM.
CorufHAOu liBOtsM, Oct. 27.
Though tbe above (f roan-la are of com par at i v?
ly recent formation, th y hare already been the
scene of tome extiaordioary achievenitita, ca
nine as well as bipedal. Sme tim a.'o it
be remembered that 'lorn Hosbpoll, cf liuif. r,T
was considered the lauttjit mile runner, evrt,
when he occupied 4 mm. i!8 sec. inatiitnipli-L
inn the distance; but when be subieiut-ntly mtt
Job Smith, of Manchester, upon thu course, and
traversed a mile in 4 ndn. Jriec., Lii perform
ance then, and up till to day, an unparalleled
in pedestiian annals. But the event of tit
after ootn proved that Lamudhire uiiy nr.w
pride herself on popsesoing the hrro in mile ra
ces in the person of Siah Albisvo, of Uowlee, a
rural villa ire situated near Middlett.n. Iv-f-.n-
describing the contest, a few particulars of in
origin may not be uninterefctiiig to our p-de -
tuan readers, va tne 1 1 in ot Aoxoat last, the
spirited proprietor of these ground gave a
splendid champion belt to be run for, which
bad been manof&ctured expressly for the occa
sion by Mr. Preston, of London, the value of
which was w guineas, and on that day the fol
lowing men contested for the coveted prize
Siah Albion, of Bow lee, near MiddUton: J..b
Smith, of llulme; W. Lang, of MidJlesborutuh;
J. White, of Gateshead, and C. Mower, of Dur
ham. 1'iior to the race, A 1 bison was so much
pleased with the trophy that he declared Lis
intention either to become its possessor or to
cause the man who defeated him not to let the
grass grow onder his feet whiUt contending for
t, and Albtson fulfilled his prediction by car
rying off the prise. 1 he conditions under which
he held it required bim to bold himself in
readiness to run any one who might challeii.-j
bim through these columns at six weeks' notice,
for 25 a side and the belt, the diatance of
course being one mile. W. Lang, (late of Mid
dlesborougb, but now of Manchester) not con
tented, it would apnear. with navinz to suc
cumb to A 1 bison in their former engagement.
threw down the gauntlet, and this afternoon
was fixed for champion honors. Scon alter
articles had been signed, both men went into
active training, Lang betaking bimselt to in
hale tbe invigorating breezes ot iXtrley Lale,
in Derbyshire, and A 1 bison 'a preparation was
entrusted to his veteran tutor, Mr. J Eu belli,
of the Weavers Arms, Ellsworth. As the day
of running approached, tbe io ter est as to tbe
result became more intense, especially as a lew
who were supposed to be actpaaiuted with
'stable secrets pronounced bom pejesinans
to be in n nt rate ftt'.Ie. Tbe excitement, how
ever, reached its culminating point this after
noon; a considerable number ot cans, heavily
laden 'busses, crowds by rail, and large bodies
of persons on fcot, all assisted to swell the at
tendance within the inelosure into a monster
gathering, letween 3,000 aud 4,000 (.emm
being r resent, an l gave proof that tne bytiey
of f jot racing has not yet passed. A.Med to
thu tbe dity was tine, the couise in capital or
der, aud the same excellent arrangements as
usually prevail here having again been made,
everything foreshadowed a more than ordinari
ly interesting struggle for the "pmitf of the
place," and such it was. Mr. Hates, tilled Ibe
olhee of referee, and the betting, which opened
at 7 to 4, closed at ii to 1 on Albiaou. At about
a quarter to four o'clock Ling ma le his ap
pearance on the scene ot a.tiin, axompanud
y his tticnd and backtr, Jar. ii. ilardy.
Shoitly afterwards, AlbUon a!io entered lhti
arena, both looking well and each appearing
sanguine ot the result. Lint: won then., f
course then taking the inside place, and alter
a couple of failures tmy left the trt ace at the
third attempt. After running nearly aide by
uie for a tew strides Lang beiran to show tbe
wy at a pace the reveise of t-low, and gradu
ally gaiuiug upon his opponent, he watlradiog
l y nearly hall a score yards hen the men hrst
pasted tbe stand. This trap Lantr still further
widened daring the succeeding revolution of
the couise, on the complexion of which he held
the premiership by upwards of a d zen pact's.
but bhortly afterwards Albuon beifan to tnak-;
up leeway. On going along the hick of the
ground oo the final lp, Ihe Champion gradu
ally reduced tbe dutance between himself and
formidable opponent, and became more
close than pleasant to Lang. Hounding the
bend they were nearly breaat aud braul, and
on entering tbe straight the struggle a9 to
wnun snonid claim tbo belt was commenced in
e-iruest. Every energy of which they were in
DOKtettiioR was now brought into action, as
yard by yard tbey ruhed on, and though Al-
bison s backer sbied his castor into the air.
when the men had about 1C0 yards to inn, the
rave was not then over. Albison, howevvr.
having got just in front, succeeded in slightly
increasing bis lead during the concluding forty
yards, ami the trophy once more fell Into his
poMetbion, altera magnificent race, Mr. liayes
fiat being that A 1 bison bad won by a yard. The
winner covered the distance in fviir minutes and
twenty two and a quartir tte&ndrf thus excelling
HoesfKH s tastest time by three-ooarteis of a
second. Both pedestrians bad had quite enough
at the finish, Lang especially being much dis
tressed, and Al bison was warmly congratulated
on his brilliant victory. Ling's performance.
though an unsuccesstul one, redacted great
credit upon him, and though he did not win
the Wit, he lost little of bis well earned tame.
Surprising as was Albison's achievement, we
cannot help thinking but tbat he, at times,
somewhat hazards his chance by purposely tail
ing so tar behind, sucn being tbe ewe not only
to-day, but also when he first contended for
the prizi. Should AlbiaoQ continue & to da,
he may on a future occasion, when coping
against some pedestrian even if not quite S9
fleet find tbe beautiful trophy, upon the pos
session of which he so justly prides himself.
wrested from his grasp. e mar add. in con
clusion, that Ling is just over twenty -one years
of age, and A 1 bison attained his tweutietn birth
day on the 20th of April but.
FoPi LATioa or Kashas TiaarteBV. The pop
ulation of the Territory of Kauas, ts ascer
tained by the United States cenaos, jot liken,
is lov,4UI. Ihisdocs not icduile the Pike's
Beak region, which has a population of 75 000
more, tvaitsus proper bas, tbcrelore, 1,000
more people than would entitle her to elect a
member of Congress at tbe present time. There
can be no dondt that, a tbe most stringent
provision ot tbe rung nan Kill has been com
plied with, Kansas will be admitted into tbe
boion as a State tne coming winter, sio tea-
s n can now exist for her refusal.
DifTHBRU. Steubtnville, Ohio, and vicinity,
have vutfertd terribly from the ravages of Dip
theria. Ibe Herald f)s : "The disease had
attacked both old and yonng, but has prevail
ed rmwt generally among children, among
whom it has been most tatll. I be number of
deaths from tfaediptheria in this city from tbe
first of January, 130, np to tbe present time,
among the children al ne, U not far vhort o
twohundrrd The deaths among adults have
been, proliably, one focrih of tint number.
Many families have been made h folate from
the virulence of this disease'
ra zL
IJO0TS and Shoes, Hate aDcl Cnw,- (
Lw'l!jijrg, Jus. 1. '.1'J
-
llurbb &'Joo'Juia
r ; a.