What the World Is Made up 01 tVhea WS Get Down Is the CslU tutlons of the Atoat It Degtaa to Look as If the Only- Fundamental Thing Is Electricity Wh c 1 Atoms, Molecules, Electrons and tons Are, I d\ Dy Garrett I Brrvtss I am asked by a reader to write An article on "atoms, molecules, elec trons and lons." These names ap pear so frequently uow lit news papers, magazines and bookß that everybody ought to have an elemen tary knowledge of the things for which they stand. Borne of them j Were never heard of In schools which | people now In middle life attended, j Atoms is an old word conveying an old Idea, vis., that of the exis tence of ultimate, Indivisible par ticles of which all things are com posed. It Is easy to see how the notion of atoms arose, Tou find that everything can be divided and epllt up Into smaller and smaller particles, The finest particles of dust Into which a rock might be divided may be separately Invisible without a microscope. But both experience and reason Indicate that that Is not the end of the division, but that the dividing process may be almost without limit. The question then arises. Is there actually a limit? Can matter bo reduced to particle# so small that further division Is Impossible? Even the ancient Greek philosophers con cluded that there was such a limit, and they called the final, Indivisible particles "atoms," I, e„ things that cannot be cut, but without under- | taking to say Just how small they | Were. This Idea lived through the ages, | springing up again after every tern- | porary recession of man Into bar- | barlsm and Ignorance, and at last.j It became one of the corner stones j of modern science. The late Lord Kelvin made a celebrated calcula tion of the probable else of an atom. He, so to speak, put It on the vlew lng-stage of the microscope of the Imagination by mean# of a graphic comparison, "Imagine," he satd, "a raindrop I or a globe of glass as large as a i pea to be magnified Up to the size j of the earth, each constituent atom i (he used the word molecule, but we may substitute atom for our present ( purpose) being magnified In the same j proportion. The magnified structure I would be more coarse grained than I a heap of small shot, but probably j less coarse grained than a heap of ; cricket balls." More recent calcula tions give the diameter of the small est atom as about one-three-hundred- | millionth of an Inch, The largest kind may have many times that. | With the atom It wae until recently j supposed that sub-division ceased. It was adopted as the "chemist's unit," and practically remains so | still, although, as we shall see, the theory of Its Indivisibility has proved j to be erroneous. The great service j that the conception of ultimate i atoms has rendered to chemistry Is In making clear the difference be tween elementary and compound sub stances. and rendering It possible to study, the laws of chemical action. Every substance made up of only one kind of atoms Is an "element." About eighty-three chemical ele ments are now known: consequently there are eighty-three different kinds of atoms. Molecules are groups of atoms, so that a molecule Is larger than an I atom of the same kind of substance. There are two sorts of molecules, j viz.. those which consist of only one | kind, or species, of atoms, and those ; kinds united together. The first sort ] which consist of atoms of different, kinds united together. The first sort j of molecules Is found only In ele mentary substances, and the second only in compound substances, 1. e., substances made up of two or more chemical elements. For the sake of clearness It Is best, for ordinary purposes, to think of molecules only as tho constituent particles of compound substances. Being composed of atoms of different kinds, when such molecules are broken up the compound substance I formed of them loses its Identity, i and the separated atoms go back j Into their elements. Water, for Instance. Is a com- | pound substance, each of whose I molecules consists of one atom of i the element oxygen combined with | two atoms of the element hydrogen, i When water Is chemically decom- j posed. Us Individual molecules are broken up and from each of them 1 Is released one atom of oxygen and | •two atoms of hydrogen, but there the ordinary process of decomposl- j tion ceases and we cannot make an- j other division by breaking up the ! atoms. Within quite recent times, how- ! ever, it has been discovered that the j apparantly Indivisible and unbreak- l Stomach Misery Get Rid of That Sourness, Gas j and Indigestion When your stomacn Is out of order j or run down, your food doesn't di gest. It ferments in your stomach | and forms gas which causes sour ness. heartburn, foul breath, pain at I pit of stomach and many other mis- i erable symptoms. Mi-o-na stomach tablets will give Joyful relief in five minutes; if taken ; regularly for two weeks they will j turn your flabby, sour, tired out ! stomach into a sweet, energetic, per fect working one. You can't be very strong and vig# orous If your food only half digests. Your appetite will go and nausea, dizziness, biliousness, nervousness, sick headache and constipation wili follow. Mi-o-na stomach tablets are small and easy to swallow and are guaran teed to banish indigestion and any or all of the above symptoms or money back. For sale by H. C. Ken nedy and all leading druggists. , , | •> <• ♦•><• •> •:• <• •> •> <• •> <• <• <• •> ;• •> 4j, I A Different Kind i of Used Car House ! V Good automobiles are scarce. * i y They are increasing daily in J J y value a new car is a luxury. V i y We have not raised the prices y A on any of our cars as yet. but ? will be forced to before long, f j 1 Buy now and be money in pocket, J i A In six months your car will be T I A worth MORE than you pay for X <9 It to-day. * 1000 Used Autos $250 Up + 4 We have every known make >•. j £* auto and truck In 1918-17-16 4> | <• models. Just tell us what you •> <• want and we'll be able to sat- J t isfy you. If you can't come <4> down to-day send for— % Auto Catalogue 110 Free t. ? Full of valuable Information * A-for the man who Is going to T A buy an auto. * I ROMAN AUTO CO.! 3 World's Largest Auto Dealers ? A 203 NORTH BROAD ST. Philadelphia, Pa. •> ♦. * 4 5 ' FRIDAY EVENING. able atom really consists of mueh smaller particles revolving around a center, or nucleus, and these smaller particles which make Up the atom are called electrons, "The average diameter of these excessively minute things has been calculated as about one-one-hundred-thoUsandth of the diameter of an atoml Electrons Shopping—Do it Now—Avoid Fatigu IThanksgiving and Christmas Needs Are Here In Great Abundance^ I Vast New Shipments of Coats For Women and Misses Ready Saturday! I Plush Coats, Velour Coats, Burella Coats, Cheviot Coats, Khaki Cloth Coats, 1 I Pompom, < ilvertones, Kersey, Silvertip, Broadcloth Coats-1 n Every Size & Color I | If Salts' Plush Coats * Coats Coats Coats Coats ( Fashionable Suits II L ,S .WKSL. 1 , , , , , FOR WOMEN AND FOR WOMEN AND FOR WOMEN AND FOR WOMEN AND Women's and Misses' iS"! All labeled look for one of these labels: MISSES MISSES MISSES MISSES Wool Sere ft* 1 A f\ [ill mm . or " Sealette " # i? sci'in <mq 50 $24.50 I !s flßftm Salts Plush aen $1 oOU jSlif.OU uy_ _ " n x,"is ■ t C*d /4 / 1 C 4 * v Velour Cloths, good as- AA'ool Velours, Egyptian In A'elouri Egyptian Plush, Sllvertones in Taupe, liur- women, only 18 suits. 55 I'J IIBKHBv'S-VV,V.:j>; CU/liO -orient Of color, and sizes Plush. Burella Cloth, half- Che'Women's and Misses' M s§i MaMMrlWwiß?*; Sb-i'.i- 'j ;A; Lined throughout with mercerized Venetian —big —misses, 14 to 20; women's, | lined, all colors, some with wanted colors. At this gundy, Brown and Green. Wool Poplin (f* 1 rj A §5 " /*v Be " collars with or without belts all sizes— 3<i to 44. Some of the smart- I self-collars; black, navy, tempting price these Coats Some are full lined, others STTTTC oft 1 / oNll fill I'M : ikßßjy.' •t. s - '.if ur with collars of contrasting plush. $24.30 est Coats you have seen at taupe, Burgundy, dark are simply remarkable vul- half lined. Big plush collars SUilo W a • • vr |iy .1* . - v anywhere near the price. | brown, green, khaki. ues. or fur collars. Complete size assortments in 5® h] •£*••*>' C-11.l HI,,„L ____________—_________——. black and navy; most of the sizes M jU ■kHt *' *•' &CIIZS rllisn V~v rr\ ' in taupe brown; also Burella liN I " COA TS *29'£M Fine New Coats at $32.50 Coats at $34.50 to $59.50 Women's and Misses' ijisHflftlltt ...ifv, ■ ninpt, „ n ii a „ Coats for misses and women, in Bolivia, Silvertone, Cloth 1 Q C Si j§SBS SShu. with Kit Coney collars lined with mercerized I ill \ clour, Pompoms, Ctrscys ind I I # 'models xtinn'y of* them ono onl ' und in odd col- ||| SUITS. •• • ® It I 9 S Mm WPi ISiSSfai ili UngS xnado fua Width and tun Broadcloths; in black, taupe. Burgundy, Reindeer. African aJJ u ; e gtaple shades; beautiful colors and soft Wool poplin, wool gabardine and §3 j IB| length— brown and Pekin; some are lined, others are half lined. linings. , wool cloth suits. 1 Ilill C.li. > Exquisite p urs a t Tempting Prices Saturday-Children's Coat Day | Sh I November Underselling Demonstration Sale More Than 700 New Coats For Children— _r * h] PIIMIB 1 oengine Sealette The Most ashlOnable. Smart Juvenile Styles in Big Variety h| Q 1 Plush Coats Styles and Pelts I I Coats, 2to 6 5 | Coats, 2to 6 3 I i I SOQ 50 BitckTox™ brown, Burgundy; brown. Burgundy'; sUes 2 to' H I I Kit Coney Natural Wolf •r cloth Coatt, Bto 14, I collars belted mod- CA Children's $1 O-90 / / bj LM els cut very full and jut re . lilt a L D ° D 3 f.t)U Coats, 7t09,1 L* Children's SQ-95 11 // \J \\ LW m r-y— full length guaran- Muffs to Match i rices Range —f/\ \/ Egyptian P iu S h beaver coats, 7to 9.... o— j[y teed Hnmg-an un- s/ JU L : 13 Lt Burgundy b and' b gr o eeS: ' Cheviot, nicely lined, brown jl Si / \v \ \\ usual value, $39.50. /ill I}l€Cßpi€C€S , sizes 7 to 9. „.sizes 7to 9. gsj \\ \ 1 ■■^ —i ,V A 1 b MA A 'S—SeCOIIfI Floor. I Infants Sweaters, Knitted Suits and Coats at Low Prices I That Great Purchase and Sale II ffl c Infant's Coati, $2.95 Infant's Coats, $6.95 Knitted Suits, $3.95 Child's Sweaters 98c ! Child. Sweaters 3.95 Of 1000 New Waists |j a oSl , %r, B .'.V.r SVtC. uST'S...lftrsn I Will Take on New Impetus Saturday 1 K| /P ■ ■ sateen lined. ble breasted; round collar; and sweater, in rose and : fl.l IJ Qtstarstavo IOC be ' j'i co , 8 ' rose ' an frl IN jf hand embroidered and Copenhagen. C/lIIU. DWCULcIS £ .HO l cardinal. T*l VY7 • |j|i| NpwShinmpnf Infant's Coats, $4.95 lined^ h knots; white sateen utfgj Suits, $4.95 ! collars, pockets; colors Bh rose Child. Sweaters2.9s The WdlStS i| Si lU I,c " UIUUUICUI AVhite Serge Coats; yoke f..i, C 7 OC i Wool and worsted three- and Copenhagen. | children's Slip-ons; wor- / JwE <U s§? ___ . _ effect, double breasted; silk IflltllU 5 LOUIS, tp/.JO piece Suit —of sweater. PhllJ (inp/ifsr ! Bted: ln '"K e sailor collar; g 4 Q9 / hi 11/ ? PI cord trimmed; white sateen AA'hite chinchilla coats toque and leggings. Color, wIIIU. JU/euie/S O.to combination colors of tur- ST Ih I ,J, ) 'll WnrnPll Q tnfl A C lined. double breasted with yoke; khaki, brown, cardinal, Co- AA'ool coat sweaters, round quoise and white and rose ~J. ' \ Sj? lil/lIIVII w UIIU Cd button trimmed; round collar. penhugen. collar; pockets; in rose and and white. ' EkWv®' ■ 1 m xi a- . Infant's Coats, $4.95 Infant's Coats, 10.95 Angora Suits, $6.95 oqc Child. Sweaters 3.45 L. iBF? flUd •S 11 P W M inrn Double and single breast- AVhite double breasted Angora four-piece suits ! Child. jWeateTS C.ifD ; -\vool slip-ons large These comprise Cream \ J Jim Asv t \I Jl 11 V, 11 ed white corduroy coats; chinchilla coats large of toque, mittens and sweat- AVhite wool coat sweaters, i square collars; combinaion Lace AAatsts, with "IIHH VyTi hi belted, button trimmed; round collar pocket trim- er; colors cardinal, Copen- j single and double breasted; ! colors. rose, Copenhagen Georgette vest effect, (f mj!l /psS [III B a I I 4; J I white sateen lined. med; white sateen lined. 1 hagen, oxford, white, rose. belts and pockets. . I with white. Georgette trimmed; sail- fl UffiWif STyJefyi \ IS M mOUCiS j f hrlwiniu.*, M,o„finz-l.„ . Now-V... id ! ■'stlxse. ' o^^/ M uU " 8 I / ' Now Ready In Kaufuan's Bargain Basement H h Just Arrived—New Ship- ere ot Many Fine Thing o>d Santa Claus Has Here on Exhibition '" atk anU two ' lone - |H At I 1. c . c y . Drums, 28c, 48c, $1.25, $l.BB, Guns, 25c, 18c, $1.48. Automobiles $5.95, $6.95, $8.95, Teddy Bears, 48c. 98c-. 81.29, Stoat cpi r\ r c£ Anr 111 hi F \ ment Khaki ouits. special $1.95. Trains, 59c, o-c, 98c. 5u.95. $1.39, si., $1.98, $2,119 m Tfj j I^4 W £" . DoU High Chairs. 48c, 79c, 98c. Doll Trunks, sc, $1,49, $1.09. Desks and Stools, $2.25, $2.95, Velocipedes, $2.48, $2.95, $3.90. fVaiSIS fijl hi Jii S,'Xn 1 Ol Doll Beds, 79c, $1.29, $1.09, Rocking Horse, 79c. $0.50. Travelers, $3.95, $1.95, $7.50, India Silk and Crepe de Chine; plain, pleated and em- IS IU f'fi* ej* 1 Jr/ $2.39. Pianos, $1.19, $l.lB. Desks and Chairs, oak and $9.95. broldered fronts; "V" neck and square neck; white, iSt St T Black Boards, 48c, 98c, $1.25, l'lano Stools, 25c. mission llnisli, $4.95, $5.95, Coaster Wagons, $2.95, $3.50, flesh and black. h] . 81.95 $2.89. Folding Tables, 48c, 89c, 98c. $0.95. $7.95, $11.95, $14.95. $4.95, $5.98. KAUFMAN'S—First Floor. jij J) . D Q II The Greastest of All Blanket Sales Will Have A Record Day Tomorrow, Saturday 11 hi Beautiful Plaid Blankets, wool fleece! IQlnrthai-c | Cotton Fleeced Blankets, soft and ~ \j R]| SC B finish; large 4 M -inch block plaid de- {% f\ rf ff filiC DlllllKtlO warmthful; medium shade of gray; fV C C hi | ■'•n-: c olors-plnk;.blue tan and O O ' WooLFin.shed Elderdowu Btankots | w, th border; size 64 x 72 Ifl [i| J VmßM# V f/ B,a>l s,ze bB *' 6 inches, pair —Plenty of warmthfulness with-1 inches - P' llr I |H f . . ai • o Wool Finish Plaid Blankets, extra out much weight; size Gotton Fleeced Blankets, near wool * i iSj [il J Iron Skillet Aluminum oet heavy quality' beautiful plaid effects; C iTi „,i, $4.95 finish; clear shade of gray with pink f* f\ Potts' Irons „ _ , ' Ig9 C Good heavv Iron Set ° f three in gray and blue: sizo 66x80 inches; / bpecial, pair an d blue borders; size 68x76 inches; - Wall Brush hi \ Skillets Saturday mlnum Saucepans, us pair 9AW Woo , nI „, Cottoll juankcts—Plain; palr Set of three Sad Lambg . Woo , Wa „ , I|l *S I ce ' cut ' s si CO Wool Plaid Blankets, very serviceable white, with neat pencil Cott Fleeced Blankets eray, with complete*' Saturday BrUBh wlth lonß han * ', 1 hi 1 85c 51.69 oualitv made of mixed cotton and / /\ H borders; bound with sftk; sturdy Fieecea oidiißCtb, wiui complete. Saturuaj, die, washable; Saturday I W i J * 6.95 s,rs;ir"".! s 0 $6.95 sasr p r, nr., 3.95 $1.69 osc , I S Radislor Styles Gas HfifltSfS Wo°l i J laid Blankets.madeof selected w w l Vh ll 'h" u ''^ 1, Wool Finish Cotton Blankets, silver, 1 B ) ",'To"" I" 1 * PreVerU BtirlnklnB: "" 7.95 - s™•"'sm"border,;' 469 SS3SolldblC DfGSS f sbfjC ' D g I Well Made and Give Good Heat 'flVM' 'V .. .' ''W """ i g hi £ A - Woolen Plaid Blankets, a pur- Wool-Mixed White Blankets—with Wnnln - n Grav Rlankets extra ffood At Underselling Demonstration Prices 1 JIBI C 4-cyllndpr Heaters, (fcA CQ chase made early last year; a very fine quality, plnk und blue borders; silk- WOOinap yr a y OianKetS, extra gOOO Tussah Silk half cotton Et\ 1 !§S hi 1 BflmT 18 Inches high... with a slight mixture of cotton to give AAP bound; extra high grade; sizo quality; mohair bound; with pink and Jt QC ,1 ii shades -yard ' ®9c Ihi lu C HH fill 6-cvllnder Heaters (C QC strength and durability; size 70x80 H 7oxBo inches;' 9o QC b ,u e borders; size 64 x 76 Inches t* *4Jj ln a " > ooa snau • J a > lIM >f M L ' ' ncheB: p a f r ° U w0.951 pa jr ' Bl carry, or consist of, charges of nega tlve electricity, and they are be' lleved to revolve, with Immense speed around a nucleus charged with posi tlve electricity, Yhs revolving sleotrons together with their nucleus constitute the atom. An atom may be destroyed, or changed In character, by the HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH escape of some, or the scattering of all, Its electrons. Frem the atoms ot radium, and a few other cognate elements, electrons escape automati cally. lons are particles bearing electric charges which, when present ln the air, or In n quantity of gas, cause a leakage of electricity from a charged body Immersed In the air or gaa. An lon ia a kind of wan derer not easy to catch In the net of a brief definition, lons are pro duced by ilaines. X-rays, and mole cular collisions, Rutherford describes the lon as "a charged center sur rounded by a cluster of molecules travelling with lb Which ara kept In position round the charged nucleus by electrical forces," There are both positive and negative lons, and they vary greatly In size, FI LL PUNISHMENT IMPOSSIBLE New York. ; —• Life Imprisonment NOVEMBER IS, 1918. ment for tho Kaiser, Any punish ment proportioned to the enormity of bis ortmes would bo too revolt ing In tho Inflicted by civilized na tions. But he still has hope for tho future, consequently ho must be given no opportunity for Intrigue to his return to power.—Elmer Ells worth Brown, Chancellor New Tork University. •ro PREVENT INFLUBNIA Colds cause Grip and Brfluens'* •"*. LAXATIVE BROMO QIUNINB TalOlets remove the cause. J™® re nV'S sta "Bromo Quinine. E. W. GROV a sig, nature on box. 30c.—Advertisement. 5
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers