AMERICAN ARMY DRIVES ONWARD i FOR NEW GAINS Advance Along Entires .ines Despite Bad Weather Conditions Py .lucemtcd rress Willi the Amcreaii Forces '> the lairraim- Front. Nov. 10- 5: 40 p. in. —The second American Army this morning launched its initial attack in Lorraine. Its objectives were lim ited. The vlllag#s of St. Hilalre and Marcheville were captured, as also were a number of woods. With the Aiiicr|can \rntj on the Sedan I'Vont. Nov. 10—The Amer ican troops fought their way tor ward yesterday along virtually their entire line despite the fact that the weuther was about as bad as could be. ' i The Americans started in with the knowledge that, with Germany s a - tion, on the armistice conditions int- ' minent. an early cessation of liustil- j lies was among the possibilities. This fact, however, only appeared to make the men more anxious to ac complish as much as possible against the enemy while lie was deciding, what resonse to make. The resistance encountered was spirited on the whole, though con sisting largely of machine gun act ivity. The terrain crossed and cap tured was on par with the most dif ficult ground the Americans have taken thus far. it gives them the most advantageous positions possi ble for a further advance. Captured hy Mistake The principal obstacle in the path of the Americans as they work northeast is a series of hills behind Chauniont-Devunt-Damvillers, close to which place they already have pushed their line. The Americans have a halfeircle around the heights preparatory to encircling and out pinching them asthey have so t're luently done in the last offensive. The American made things inter-, esting for the enemy by advancing pretty much everywhere along their ; line. The enemy artillery fire was j almost exclusively from large calibre guns, indicating that he has with drawn all his ighter pieces and is shelling from positions a great dis tance away. Five American ambulances driven by mistake into the German lines northeast of Llon-Devant-Dun anil were captured. This incident was witnessed by some comrades, who organized a rescue party and re turned with the ambulances, four prisoners and three guns. Hy evening the Americans were in complete control of both sides of the Mouse, and had in addition occupied Remoiville wood. They also cros sed the irver at Mouson, thus mak ing their lines on both sides complete from Villers-DcvantJMouzon south ward. Not Waiting on IVacc Fast of the Mouse the Americans went ahead bo'h north and south ot Damvillers. Along the line of the Meuse, the < front from Sassey to Wadelincourt last night was marked by artiilcrj , and machine gun righting. American arm> trucks moved about last night in Ihe zone just 1 •*- j hind the front lino with their head- ! lights burning. He. ause of the low , visibility, officers believed that the enemy hardly could see the lights and if they did see one now and then it would not be of any great assist ance. The fact that Germany liud sen> armistice delegates within the Allied lines has not slowed up the Ameri can operations. From the heights east of Dun-Sur-Meuse to Sedan the same dash that has characterized their work since the beginning of the offensive animated the Ameri can troops in their operations. Morale is Gone "What is the use of staying out | there to be killed on the last day ?" was the comment ot scores of pr!s- ' oners brought in yesterday bv the ! Americans. The captured Germans were a tuore discouraged lot than usual. Most of them declared that since , their government is quitting—and they appear to be convinced that it is—it was absurd for them to neglect ; the apportunity to surrender. The American flag to-day is Hying • over Dun-Sur-Meuse. Dun is a pic turesque town on the east bank of the Meuse and is situated on high hills whose steep slopes rise abruptlj from the main street. still at Vandalism When the Americans entered the town the German battle riag was Hy ing on the spire of the church which crowns a hill. For a few hours the Americans were too busy to bother j with it. but then the American took its place, the German emblem be coming the trophy of the engineer corps. The usual despoliation marked the German withdrawal from Dun. Ex cept for the destruction of roads and hr.dges, little property, however, was destroyed aside trom that damaged by the German and American artil lery. Hut the town is a monument to the marksmanship of the gunners. A great part of the little city is yet habitable, but there are few houses that do not bear scars. Little ot value was left within the houses. The Germans carted away everything of \a!ue they could carry. 1 What they could not move they de stroyed. The shops of the town bear evidence of the long occupation by the Germans, over a majority of the shops there are German signs. United States Enters Protest Against Cruel Treatment of Prisoners Washington, Nov. —The I: lilted I States has made a vigorous protest to th German government regard- j ins the treatment of American prts- , oners of war. The State Department through the American minister arvßerne has ask ed the Spanish embassy at Berlin to submit vigorous protest qn the fol lowing points, information concern ing which has been officially furnish ed to the department. First—Forcing any American pris oners of war to work while ill or physically unable to do so. Second—Compelling any American prisoners of war to labor in - mines. Third—Compelling any American civilian prisoners to jserform any work of any kind save such as may be necessary in connection with their own care and upkeep or in connec tion with the care and upkeep of their own quarters. Washington. Nov. 9.—The German government is informed that the Cni ted States insists that there must be a cessation of the robbing and loss of parcels and that it is not disposed to give credence to endeavors of the German government to excus.- the nonreceipt of parcels by laying the blame upon agencies which handle such parcels before they reach Ger many. SUNDAY EVEN INC, High Spots in War First declaration of war by Austria against I Serbia July 28. 1914. Germany's lirst drive toward Paris was halted Sept. 6, 1914. Germany started ruthless submarine warfare and declared submarine blockade'of Great Britain Feb. 8. 1915. United States declared war on Germany April 6, 1917. Great drive of Allies at turning point of war start ed July 18. 1918. Bulgaria signed an armistice on Sept. 29, 1918, and surrendered on Sept. 30, 1918. Turkev surrendered and signed an armistice Nov. 1. 1918. ' Austria surrendered and signed armistice to take effect Nov. 4. l l) 18. BERLIN IS TAKEN BYMUTINEERSOr NAVY AND ARMY Basel, Nov. 10.—An. official dispatch received by the 1 lavas Agency from Berlin to-day says: "Official—The revolution has resulted in a striking victory almost without the effusion of blood. "A general strike was declared this morning. It brought a; cessation of work in all workshops at about ten "o'clock. "A regiment of Xurembrrg chasseurs passed over to the people. Other troops rapidly followed their action." "The Alexander regiment, after hearing a declaration by; Deputy Wells, went over to the revolution." EMPEROR S DOWNFALL BRINGS REJOICING Copenhagen, Nov. 10.—8.30 A. M.—News of Emperor Wil liam's abdication was received on Saturday afternoon at Berlin with general rejoicing, which was tempered by the fear that it had come too late. ALL BOURGEOISIE MINISTERS RESIGN Zurich, Switzerland. Nov. 10.—Because of the troubles in the interior'of Germain- Prince Maximilian of Baden and all the bourgeoisie ministers have resigned, says a dispatch from Berlin. Friedrich Ebert. the German Socialist leader, has been definitely recognized as chancellor. REVOLUTION IS SPREADING London. Nov. 10.—10.44 A. M.—A train filled with soldiers has been sent out from Bremen for the purpose of persuading other towns to join the revolution says a dispatch from the Dutch frontier forwarded here by the-correspondent at Copenhagen of the Exchange Telegraph Company. * PR A YERS OF THANKS OFFERED IN ALL OF CITY'S CHURCHES City churches held audiences larger in size than usual to-day. In nearly every, church the thought up permost in the.miniiter's prayer was the approaching end of the war ar.d a note of gratitude that at last the rule of the arch criminal, the Kaiser, had bee;; broken. Then. too. the| fuct that it was the first Sunday! since September that services' were held led to the assembling of audiences larger than ordinarily gather in the city sanctuaries. Notwithstanding the temperature had dropped and there was a brisk wind at times hundreds of wroship pers made their way to the favorite, places of prayer. On the threshold of the churches they paused to speak of the abdication ot' the Kait er and to discuss for a brief moment the night's dispatches from the war fronts, wondering the while whether i the courier from the German uar; lords would arrive at Marsha! Foch's 1 headquarters during the day with; the power to the idenipotentiaries "For the Good of Germany" Berlin, Nov. lb.—(German Wire less to London. N >v. 10).—The text of the statement issued by the Peo ple's government read?: "in the course of the forenoon t>f Saturday the formation of a new Ger man popb's government was initiat ed. The greater part of the Berlin garrison and other troops stationed there temporarily went over to the tew government. ' , "The leaders ..f ttie deputations of the Social Democratic patty declared •hat they would not shoot against the people. They said they would, in accord with the people's govern ment intercede ill favor of the main tenance of order. Thereupon in the offieles and public buildings the guards which had been stationed there were witlylrawn. "The business of the Imperial Chancellor is being carried on by the Social Democratic deputy. Heir Ebert. "It is presumed that apart from representatives' of the recent major ity group three Independent Social Democrats will enter* the future government." Before placing his signature to the document an urgent message froiu Philip Scheidemann. who was a So cialist member without portfolio in DANISH FRONTIER GUARDED TO PREVENT ESCAPE OF WEALTHY; KAISER'S IRON CROSS TABOO Copenhagen, Nov. 10.—The Danish frontier is being strictly guarded by the German soldiers' council. This is being done, it is stated in order to prevent the escape of rich people, generals and other high officers. All national cockades and the eagle on the helmet* of soldiers have been removed, being replaced by a red band. The wearing of the iron cross has been strictly prohibited. to sign the armistice and thus cause ! a cessation of hostilities. There were many prayers of thankfulness thut the Allied arms were about to emerge victorious from the greatest war the world has i ever known. There were, too, peti-1 tions that mercy even be shown the enemy in their imminent downfall. ! : There is not a congregation in the. | city who does not have its sons at , the front and for these were, for the j first time since the Royer ban on public meetings was lifted, prayers for their safety in war and their ouick ar.d safe return from the war | | fronts. At Westminster Church, now in' the public mind bocaure of the un timely death of the pastor, especial' i interest wag manifested in the ap-, • preaching end of the war because of the fact that several soldiers have fallen in war, been wounded or re verted missing in action. This was; true of other churches, i There seemed to be a trend to-! i ward the churches and Sunday j ! schools as a convenient and appro-1 priate place for the diseus s ion of j ' the last-day war problems. the imperial cabinet, was handed to ' the Kmperor. He read it with a shiver. Then he signed the paper, , saying: "It may be for the good of Ger- I many." British Troops Hot On Trail of Fleeing Germans in France By Associated Press Loudon, Nov 10—Field Marshal' Haig's forces are closely following! up the retreating Germans along the entire front in Flanders. The of- j ficial statement issued to-day my I the war office announces that the! Itritish troops have occupied Fau-' bourg de Hcrtaimont, on the south- I ern outskirts of Mons. Belgium. The text reuds: "I fur advances forces are keeping in touch with the rc i treating enemy on the whole 'We have occupied the Fuu -1 front." $ > bourg de Beriaimont on the the southern outskirts of Mons." "Further north we are ap i proaehing Leuzzez and have tak • | en Renaix. (Renaix in about i thirty miles west of Brussels-") HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH ________—_——___ " Reading Between The Lines ■MI Wl 'li;' life' 1 j|i I HSSW i ' , • 1 ,1 i I rt- Iml i™ ■ il l lu,l<J 1 mm [ ' IMVS L ! wfe,l m' MJL K' r 1 iVii #H iw''? r * Iflpsi! ' hi ; l yfiOnN/ 1 SfiffaK ' l i 'ryf JSmT fo^>yv-. < <;! ,i v. /;MW \ /UJ Surrender of Enemy Armies Is Only Matter of Hours [CoiiMmicti from First I'a to. ] that the officers were on the side of the people. Stormy applause and jubilation accompanied the speeches. , London, Xov. 10. —The ex-Kaiser and the former Crown Prince were expected to take leave of their troops yesterday but nothing lias been settled regarding their future movements. The emperor was deeply moved. He consented to sign his abdication only when he received the news of the latest events in the empire. Serious food difficulties are expected in Germany owing to the stoppage of I trains. The council of the regency will take the most drastic steps to re-establish order. People to Hold Funds of Revolution Chancellor Ebert said he would endeavor to fortify the freedom which the people had won. He begged support in the hard work ahead and appealed for co operation in the country and cities in the problem of provisioning. Herr Ebert in his proclamation said that Prince Maximilian, of Baden , had transferred the chancellorship to him, all the secretaries of state having given their consent. The new government,, he added, would be in agreement with the! various parties. Washington, Xov. 10. Unless a revolutionary government in Germany deli-; nitcly repudiates the authority of the German armistice commissioners now within the Allied lines, the belief here is that the revolt spreading through the enemy j country will not prevent Marshal Foeh from accepting the signatures of the envoys j and proceeding to put the armistice conditions into effect. According to official information, the armistice delegation came with full pow-! ers and is authorized to sign terms, although it elected to send a courier back to grand headquarters before acting. Moreover, the object of the revolution is assum ed to be pace and since signing of the armistice is the shortest road to immediate peace, it is thought the revolutionaries will not seek to interfere. If there should be a repudiation of the envoys, or if what is happening in Berlin should delay an answer beyond the time allowed by Marshal Foch, eleven o'clock to morrow. the American and Allied armies would continue their advance and hos tilities probably would end only through the surrender of individual military units on the field. German Warships in Fight With Each Other IXIIHIOII, NOV. 10. —German war ships, manned by crews loyal to the | monarchy, and others seized by 1 Heds and now at Flensburs on the* Schleswlg coast are In battle, ac-: | cording to Copenhagen advices. j It is stated that six battleships i I anchored outside of Flensburg have directed their guns against the revolutionists. A bombardment was expected. The battleshipp Koenig, | which refused to surrender, was ! taken after a hard tight. Iteports of growing disaffection and uprisings by the populace con tinu<j to pour in from the Continent. : Crowd on Bridge Sees $15,000 Fire in Loft New VoiCi.—Fire which started I on the top floor of the seven-story I loft building at Nos. 17 to 23 East ; Broadway, did $15,000 damage, i Thousands saw the tiro from the ' . Brooklyn Bridge. i The top floor of the building Is ! occupied by T. Tryerely, A. Cohen i and the Drexler Coat and Suit Com- I j pany, manufacturers of clothing. On I the sixth floor, where property was damaged by water and smoke, the tenants are the Bon-ton Cloak and Suit Company, I-azarus Levy, of No. I 9 East Broadway, is the owner of 1 the building. Lodger Arrested As Barrel Slayer New Vork.—Antonio Sanzoni, 35, | : of 2149 Second avenue, was arrested j : yesterday and taken to' police head * quarters charged with the murder of , | Glaehino Panetti, who was slatn on 1 ; September 26. Sanzoni hud recently ! made his home with Gasparo Can- 1 delta, whose body, c'overcd with stab" | wounds, was found In a barrel yes- ; terday. Three children discovered ; the body while playing in a lot at i Forty-fifth street, between Eighth 1 i and Ninth avenues. Brooklyn. | The police believe the man was murdered as the result of a feud and that the body was brought to the . vacant lot at night. Turkish Slaves to Work for Germans Amsterdam.—The German news papers announce that the Turkish government, at the request of the German authorities, has consented to send to Sc-hleswlg-Holstein several hundred young men to assist in agri cultural work and thereby cope with Germany'if shortage of men. It is calculated that several thou -1 sands of Turks of nonmllttary status have been impressed into Germany for agricultural work. These laborers are not being paid, us they are con sidered to be working for Turkey In an allied country, and their upkeep 1 is to be at the expense of the Turkish government. ! Washington Without Knowledge of Events I Washington, Nov. 10.—Washington I had no official Information early to day of the events transpiring in j Europe. 1 President Wilson read the press dispatches and then went to church as usual. • He was there when the news came from -Paris that the ! courier of the German armistice en ! voys had been so delayed that he | did not arrive at German headquart ' ers until 10 o'clock this morning . New Orleans Mayor Lost Vote, Says Women | New York—Women suffrage In | Louisiana lost by less than 2,000 ! votes at last week's election, the Na -1 tlonal American Woman Suffrage As ' soclation here reported yesterday. : All of the districts outside New Or- I leans returned a favorable vote on | the issue. General Strike Is Declared in Berlin j Berlin, Saturday, Nov. 9.—The I Workmen's and Soldiers' Council has I declared a general strike. Troops : land machine guns have been placed at the disposal of the council. NOVEMBER 10, 1918. i lsillusion PIUNGE MAXIMILIAN on ! resigning us chancellor of the German empire Issued (lie following proclamation: •'ln these (UlTleult tluys the ! hearts of many among you, my j fel'ow-eountryinen, who outside the frontier of the <>ermun fnth j erluml arc surrouniletl I>> niunl- . : I'estutlons of lliu'lelous Joy Itiltl lintred, will lie lieuvy. l)o not i despair of the (•erinan people j "Our soldiers have fought to ; I the last moment as heroically as any army has ever done. The ! homeland has shown unpre ] et dented strength In suffering ' and endurance. •"In the fifth year, abandoned I by its allies, the (■ertimit people < ott'd no longer wage war against ( j the increasingly superior forees. 1 "The victory for which many | hud hoped has not been granted to us. I'.nt the German people has won this still greater vie- ! '< tory over Itself and its belief in • the right of might. 1 "l-'roiu lids victory we , shall draw new strength for the hard ! time which races us and on 1 which you also can build." • _________________ 1 Bertha Krupp and Her ! Husband Arrested When Big Gun Plant Is Taken By Associated Br ess I.oml >ll. Nov. 10. 5: 10 p. m.— Essen, where the great Krupp steal I works are situated, is reported to be ] In tlie hands of the revolutionaries, j the Exchange Telegraph Company, j says a dispatch from Amsterdam to ! Lieutenant Krupp von-Bohlen und i works, and his wife, have been nr- I Halbach, the head of the Krupp j rested. Bavarian Republic Wants to Be Basis For Peace in Germany By Associated Press Amsterdam, Friday, Nov.B.— The , proclamation issued at Munich in : behalf of the Council of Workmen, j Soldiers and Peasants, which consti- j tued itself into a Diet, announcing a republic had been formed In Ba- ! varia, declared that the "Democratic and Socialist Republic of Bavaria ! has the strength to realise a peace ; for Germany, preserving that coun- j try from the worst." The proclamation, after promising j a constituent assembly to elect by i all adult men and women, says that | Bavaria will make Germany ready I for a league of nations. It then con- I ttpues: "The present revolution is needed ' to complete the self-government of I the people before enemy armies : stream across our country or before | troops should, after the armistice, bring about chaos. "The council will insure strict or der. Soldiers in barracks will govern themselves by means of soldiers' councils. Officers acquiescing in the j altered situation not be hinder ed in their duties. "We reckon on the co-operation of 1 the entire population. All officials i will remain at their posts. "Fundamental social and political reforms will immediately com mence." More Large Cities Join In the German Revolt By Associated Press London, Nov. 10. 11:29 a. m.— Leipsic, the lurgest city in Saxony, the capitul of Wurttemberg, and Cologne and Frankford have joined the revolution, according to reports ! front the Danish frontier, telegraph ed here by the Copenhagen corres pondent of the Exchange telegraph Company. The soldiers' councils at Stuttgart, Cologne and Frankfort have decided to proclaim a republic. Max Admits Might Is No Longer Right London, Nov. 10.—Just before i Prince Maximilian of Baden, offered ! his resignation as imperial chancel- ! lor, he issued an appeal "To Ger- . mans abroad," in which he said: "In the fifth year (of hostilities), i abandoned by the allies, the German I people could no longer wage war . against the increasing superior | j forces." The text of the chancellor's state- ! j ment reads: "In these difficult days the hearts l : of many among you, my fellow j countryman Fatherland are sur -1 rounded by manifestations of mall j clous Joy and haired, will be heavy. I | Do not despair of the German peo- I pie. "Our soldiers have fought to the last moment as heroically as any army has ever done. The home land has shown unprecedented strength in suffering and endurance. "in the fifth year, abandoned by its ullics, the German people could no longer wage war against the in- I creas ngly superior forces. "The victory for which many had hoped has not boon granted to us. But the German people has won a still greater victory over itself and its belief in the right of might. "From this victory we shall draw new strength for the hard time which you also can build." Province of Poland Rebels and Germans Deport Males London. Nov. 8. —The population of the Polish Province of Plock has risen art inst the Germans, and there have been conflicts in which a number of persons of both sides have been killeed according to a ' Zurich dispatch to the Exchunge Telegraph Company. The Oermnns have arrested and shot members of the Polish mili tary organization, and the whole male population 1$ being deported to Germany. Germans Do Not Try To Stand For Some Time By Associated Press With the Allied Forces In Belgium, Saturday, Nov. 9—There are many Indications that the Germans do not Intend to make a protracted stand thla aide of Brussels and Charlercl. FOE ABANDONS I ITS CANNON IN A WILD FLIGHT French Troops Renew Pup* suit of Beaten Enemy Who Is Near Rout By Associated Press Paris, Nqv. 10—French troops thlt morning renewed their pursuit oi ! the Germans. The French official statement Issued to-day says Ihe re* 1 treat of the enemy Is becoming moti and more precipitate. Everywhert along the line the Germans are aban ; dotting great quantities of war mat* erlal. , ft Cannon, numerous vehicles of all descriptions and in somme instance! entire railroad trains have been captured by Koch's forces. The text of tho statement i reads: "'our pursuit of the enemy. ] was renewed this morning un der favorable conditions." "West of Mezicres the French passed the Sormonno Itiver and took the village of Sormotine They reached the Hirson route at Mczieres-sur-Renwez." "On the right the French con tinued to cross the Meuse itiver between l.umcs and Donchery." "In his retreat which is be coming more and more prcclpl cvorywhere considerable mater ial. The French have captured tons the enemy is abandoning notably between Anere and Momignles (southwestern liel i gin 111) cannon, numerous vehlo | cles of all kinds and whole ruil roftd trains." , General Strike Called By German Socialists Who Hold All Power Berlin, Nov. 10.—In an extra edi tion of the Vorwaerts the centra! organ of the Social Democratic part) In Germany, the following call foi a general strike was published: "The Workmen's and Soldiers Council of Berlin has decided upon a general strike. All the factories ar at a standstill. "The necessary administration oi the people will be maintained. A large part of the garrison has beer closed and bodies of troops and ma chine guns have been placed at th disposal of the Workmen's and Sol diers' Council. "The movement will be guided ii common by the Social Democratli party "f Germany and the Inde pendent Social Democratic party q;. Germany. The Workmen's and Sol diers' Council will take charge o: the maintenance of quiet and- order Long live the Social Republic! (Signed) "WORKMEN'S AND SOLDIERS' COUNCIL* From all parts of the German em pire news is being received regard ing similar revolutions which altnos everywhere remain within the bound: of economic order. Revolt Spreads to Every Part of Kaiser's Realm By Associated Press Copenhagen, Nov. 10.—Germai guard vessels in the mine fields of the great belt and little belt have leC their stations. The crews forced th officers to leave the vessels and thet hoisted the red flag. The Rhenish Wetfalian Zeitung o: Essen, announces that Eutin, thi capital of the principality of Lue beck, is in the hands of the Soldiers Council. Many persons, both civilian! and military, have been shot. The railway stations in the entiri industral districts of Germany front Dprtmund to Duisburg, have beei occupied by the Soldiers' Councils according to a dispatch from Essen There were no disorders! Kings of Bavaria and Saxony Follow Kaiser and Crown Prince in Abdicatioc London, Nov. 10.—Emperor Willian signed a letter of abdication on Sat urday morning at the German gran* headquarters in the presence of Crowi Pftnce Frederick William and Fielt Marshal Hindenburg. according to i dispatch from Amsterdam to the Ex change Telegraph Company. The Getrman crown prince signet his renunciation to the throne short ly awtrrwards. It is believed that King Ludwig of Bavaria, and King Frederic! i August of Saxony also have adbl-1 cated. 1 EMPEROR WILLIAM II Born in Berlin, January 27, 1859, son of Emperor Frederick and! - Empress Victoria and grandson of' , first German Emperor, William 1., Educated by private tutoi and In public school. Student at Bonn | University, 1877-1879. Married Princess Augusta Vic-), torla of Sclileswig-Holsteln, who| ] bore him six boys and one girl. Studied statecraft under Bis-) marck and at 29 became third Ger- j man Einporor by the death of his i fajher. Proved hard-working monarch.! /visiting many countries of Europe. | , Encouraged industrial develop ment. Forced Bismarck's resignation! in 1890. In 12 stormy years had| three Chancellors. 19 Prussian j 1 Ministers and eight. Secretaries of j' State. Built great Kiel ship canal and) other remarkable works, f Stood behind Austria in her an-) nexutlon of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and "bluffed Europe." Interfered! in Moroccan sttuutlon, nearly bringing on war. Built the German army and cre l ated a remarkable navy. Devel oped the German mercantile ma- : rlne. Demonstrated himself connois seur In nrt, music and literature and proclaimed himself the elect of God, chosen by the Almighty,, to rule Germany. In 1914 backed Austria's right to chastise Bervla for the alleged, encouragement of the assassina- <- tlon of the Archduke Franz Ferdi-i nand, thus bringing about the, general war. Took the field with his troops) I as "my own Field Marshal." 11l In the winter of 1914-15 andj again In 1915-16. Held throne despite demands for his abdication, until November 9, when after notifying Socialists ' he would not desert the Father- ' ! land, he suddenly stepped down j and out. ' . 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers