NOTE INDICATES THAT THE U. S. HAS APPROACHED END OF ITS PATIENCE, BUT WILL ENTER WAR ONLY FOR DEFENSE Gravest Consequences Will Result if Carranza Carries Out His Threat [Continued From First Page] The text of the note says: "The Secretary of State to the Secre tary of Foreign Relations of the de facto government of Mexico: "DEPARTMENT OF STATE, ••WASHINGTON, June 20. 1916. "Sir: I have read your communi cation which was delivered to me on May 22. 1916, under Instructions of the Chief Executive of the de facto government of Mexico, on the subject of the presence of American troops in Mexican territory, and I would be wanting in candor If I did not, before making answer to the allegations of fact and the conclusions reached by your government, express the surprise and regret which have been caused this government by the discourteous tone and temper of this last communi cation of the de facto government of Mexico. Continuous Bloodshed "The government of the United States has viewed with deep concern and increasing disappointment the progress of the revolution in Mexico. Continuous bloodshed and disorders have marked its progress. For three years the Mexican republic has been torn with civil strife; the lives of Americans and other aliens have been sacrificed; vast properties developed by American capital and enterprise have been destroyed or rendered non productive: bandits have been permit ted to roam at will through the terri tory contiguous to the United States and to seize, without punishment or without effective attempt at punish ment, the property of Americans, while the lives of citizens of the United States who ventured to remain In Mexican territory or to return there to protect their interests have been taken, in some cases barbarously taken, and the murderers have neither been apprehended nor brought to Jus tice. It would be difficult to find in the annals of the history of Mexico conditions more deplorable than those which have existed there during these recent years of civil war. Atrocity After Atrocity "lt would be tedious to recount in stance after instance, outrage after outrage, atrocity after atrocity, to il lustrate the true nature and extent of the widespread conditions of lawless ness and violence which have pre vailed. During the past nine months in particular the frontier of the United States along the lower Rio Grande has been thrown Into a state of constant apprehension and turmoil ! because of frequent and sudden in- ! cursions into American territory and depredations and murders on Ameri can soil hy Mexican bandits, who have 1 take the lives and destroyed the prop- ] erty of American citizens, sometimes carrying American citizens across the inlernational boundary with the booty seized. American garrisons have I been attacked at night, American sol- j niers killed and their equipment and horses stoien, American ranches have been raided, property stolen and de- ! stroyed and American trains were wrecked and plundered. The attacks on Brownsville, Red House Ferry, ! Progreso Post Office and Las Paladas all occurring during September past are typical. Acts Reprehensible "In these attacks on American ter ritory, Carranzista adherents and even i Carranzista soldiers took part in the i looting, burning and killing. Not onlv ! were these murders characterized by brutality, but uncivilized acts 1 of mutilation were perpetrated. Rep- i resentations were made to General j < arranza and he was emphatically re quested to stop these reprehensible I acts in a section which he has long claimed to be under the complete domination of his authority. Notwith standing these representations and the promise of General Nafarrete to pre vent attacks along the international boundary, in the following month of October a passenger train was I wrecked by bandits and several per sons killed seven miles north of| Brownsville and an attack was made 1 upon United States troops at the ! same place several days later. llaiidits Enjoy Impunity •Since these attacks, leaders of the I bandits well known both to Mexican civil and military authorities as well 1 as to American officers have been en- , joyin : with impunity the liberty of the towns of northern Mexico. So'far has the Indifference of the de facto gov- I ernment to these atrocities gone that I some of these leaders, as I am ad- ' vised, have received not only the pro- ! tection of that government, but en- ! couragement and aid as well. Innumerable Depredations "Depredations upon American per sons and property within Mexican jurisdiction have been still more mi merous. This government has repeat- j edly requested in the strongest terms that the de facto government safe- I guard the lives and homes of Ameri- I can citizens and furnish the protec- i tion which international obligation im poses to American interests in the northern states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo ! Leone, Coahuila, Chihuahua and So nora and also in the states to the south. For example, on January 3 | troops were requested to punish the band of outlaws which looted the Cusi 1 mining property, eighty miles west of Chihuahua, but no effective results came from this request. During the following week the bandit Villa with his band of about 200 men was op erating without opposition between Rubio and Santa Ysabel, a fact well known to Carranzista authorities. Cites Great Massacre "Meanwhile a party of unfortunate Americans started by train from Chi huahua to visit the Cusi mines, after having received assurances from the Oarranzista authorities in the state of Chihuahua that the country was safe and that a guard on the train was not necessary. The Americans held pass ports or safe conducts issued by au thorities of the de facto government. On January 10 the train was stopped by Villa bandits and eighteen of the American party were stripped of their clothing and shot in cold blood in what is now known as the 'Santa Ysabel massacre.' "General Carranza stated to the agent of the Department of State that lie had Issued orders for thp imme diate pursuit, capture and punishment of those responsible for this atrocious crime and appealed to this government and to the American people to con sider the difficulties of according pro tection along the railroad where the » massacre occurred. Assurances were also given by Mr. Arredondo, pre sumably under instructions from the de facto government that the mur derers would be brought to Justice and that steps would also be taken to remedy the lawless conditions existing In the state of Durango. Only One Punished "It Is true that Villa. Gastro and Lopez were publicly declared to be outlaws and subject to apprehension and execution, but so far as known only a single man personally connected with this massacre has been brought to justice by Mexican authorities. Within a month after this barbarous slaughter of Inoffensive Americans it was notorious that Villa was operating within twenty miles of Cuslhuiriachlc and publicly stated that his purpose TUESDAY EVENING, was to destroy American lives and property. Despite repeated and Insist ent demands that military protection should be furnished to Americans, Villa openly carried on his operations, constantly approaching closer and closer to the border. He was not in tercepted nor were hi? movements Im peded by troops of the de facto gov ernment and no effectual attempt made to frustrate his hostile designs against Americans. In fact, as I am In formed, while Villa and his band were slowly moving toward the American frontier in the neighborhood of Co lumlius. N. M., not a single Mexican soldier was seen In his vicinity. Yet the Mexican authorities were fully cognizant of his movements, for on March «, as General Gavira publicly announced, he advised the American military authorities of the outlaw's approach to the border so that they might be prepared to prevent him from crossing the boundary. No Kffort to Get Ailla "Villa's unhindered activities cul minated In the unprovoked and cold blooded attack upon American soldiers and citizens in the town of Columbus on the night of March 9. the details of which do not need repetition here in order to refresh yuur memory with the helnousness of the crime. After murdering, burning and plundering. Villa and his bandits, fleeing south, passed within sight of the Carranza military post at Ca. c as Grandes and no effort was made to stop him by the officers and garrison of the de facto government stationed there. Had Xo Other Recourse "In the face of these depredations not only on American lives and prop ertv on Mexican soil but on American soldiers, citizens and homes on Amer ican territory, the perpetrators of which General Carranza was unable or possibly considered it inadvisable to apprehend and punish, the United States had no recourse other than to employ force to disperse the bands of Mexican outlaws who were with in creasing boldness systematically raid ing across the international boundary. The marauders engaged in the attack on Columbus were driven back across the border by American cavalry, and subsequently soon as a sufficient fore» to Co'. ■ -f 'i the band could be collected, v irsued into Mexico in an effort t- "re or destroy them. Without Cf lon or assistance In the fleld o" »art of the de facto government. Lite repeated requests by the Unit'o Slates. and without ap parent recognition on its part of the desirability of putting an end to these systematic raids, or of punishing the chief perpetrators of the crimes com mitted, because they menaced the good relations Of the two countries. American forces pursued the lawless bands us far as Parral, where the pursuit was halted by the hostility of Mexicans, presumed to be loyal to the de facto government, who arrayed themselves on the side of outlawry and became in effect the protectors of Villa and his band. Carranza Placed limitations "In this manner and for these rea sons have the American forces en tered Mexican territory. Knowing fully the circumstances set forth, the de facto government cannot be blind to the necessity which compelled this government to act and yet it has seen fit to recite groundless sentiments of hostility toward the expedition and to impute to this government ulterior motives for the continued presence of American troops on Mexican soil. It is charged that these troops crossed the frontier without first obtaining the consent or permission of the de facto government. Obviously, an Im mediate action alone could avail, there was no opportunity to reach an agreement (other than that of March 10-13 now repudiated by General Carranza) prior to the entrance of such an expedition into Mexico if the expedition was to be effective. Sub sequent events and correspondence have demonstrated to the satisfaction of this government that General Car ranza would not have entered into any agreement providing for an ef fective plan for the capture and de struction of the Villa bands. While the American troops were moving rapidly southward in pursuit of the raiders, It was the form and nature of the agreement that occupied the attention of General Carranza rather than the practical object which it was to attain—the number of limitations that could be imposed upon the American forces to impede their prog ress rather than the obstacles that could be raised to prevent the escape of the outlaws." Had Not Agreed to Quit "It was Genera! Carranza who sus pended through your note of April 12 all discussions and negotiations for an agreement along the lines of the protocols between the United States and Mexico concluded during the period 1882-lS9fi, under which the two countries had so successfully re stored peaceful conditions on their common boundary. It may be men tioned here that, notwithstanding the statement in your note that "the American government gave no answer to the note of the 12tli of April," this note was replied to on April 14th, when the department instructed Mr. Rodgers by telegraph to deliver this government's answer to General Car ranza. Shortly after this reply the conferences between Generals Scott. Funston and Obregon began at Ei Paso, during which they signed on May 2 a project of a memorandum ad referendum regarding the withdrawal of American troops as an indication of the alleged bad faith of the Amer ican government, you state that though General Scott declared in this memorandum that the destruction and dispersion of the Villa band "had been accomplished." yet American forces are not withdrawn from Mex ico. It Is only necessary to read the memorandum, which is in the English language, to ascertain that this is clearly a misstatement, for the memo randum states that "the American punitive expeditionary forces have de stroyed or dispersed many of the law less elements and bandits, • • • or have driven them far Into the in terior of the republic of Mexico," and further that the United States forces were then "carrying on a vigorous pursuit of such small numbers of bandits or lawless elements as may have escaped." The context of your note gives the impression that the ob ject of the expedition being admittedly accomplished, the United States had agreed in the memorandum to begin the withdrawal of its troops. Gradually Withdrawn "The memorandum shows, however, that it was not alone on account of partial disposition of the bandits that it was decided to begin the withdrawal of American forces, hut equally on account of the assurances of the Mexi can government that their forces were 'at the present time being augmented and strengthened to such an extent that they will be able to prevent any disorders occurring in Mexico that would in any way endanger American territory,' and that they would 'con tinue to diligently pursue, capture or destroy any lawless bands of bandits that may still exist or hereafter exist in the northern part of Mexico,' and , that it would 'make a proper distri- NATIONAL GUARD MOBILIZED FOR BORDER DEFENSE I ' ' 1111 I B ■N.V. .NATIONAL GUARD MACHINE GUN- ttAJ-<3£N. <JOHN F.OiRaTAN' The National Guards of all the States are now mobilizing for the defense of the Mexican border in the latest crisis with Mexico, to relieve the regulars, who may be sent over the boundary line. , The accompanying picture shows one of the motorcycle machine guns, of the New York National Guard, and ' Major-General John F. O'Ryan, commander of the New York State troops, who is in charge of the mobilization. bution of such of Its forces as may be necessary to prevent the possibility I of invasion of American territory from j Mexico.' It was because of these as- I surances and because of General j Scott's confidence that they would be j carried out that he stated in the j memorandum that the American; forces would be 'gradually withdrawn.' j It is to be noted, that while the Amer- J ican government was willing to ratify ! this agreement General Carranza re- j fused to do so, as General Obregon j stated, because, among other things, i it imposed improper conditions upon j the Mexican government. Have Made No Pursuit "Notwithstanding the assurances in 1 the memorandum, it is well known that the forces of the de facto govern- j ment have not carried on a vigorous pursuit of the remaining bandits and that no proper distribution of forces j jto prevent the invasion of American territory has been made as will be j shown by the further facts hereinafter I set forth. lam reluctant to be forced | to the conclusion which might be drawn from these circumstances that i the de facto .government, in spite of the crimes committed and the sinister designs of Villa and his follows, did not and does not now intend or desire that these outlaws should be captured, destroyed or dispersed by American troops or at the request of this gov ernment, by Mexican troops. Attacked During Conference "While the conferences at El Paso j were in progress, and after the Ameri- , can conferees had been assured on I May 2 that the Mexican forces In thej northern part of the. republic were| then being augmented so as to be able to prevent any disorders that would endanger American Territory by bands; of Mexicans, on the night of May 5, j made an attack at Glenn Springs,; Texas, about 20 miles north of the border, killing American soldiers and civilians, burning and sacking prop- i erty and carrying off two Americans as prisoners. Subsequent to this event the Mexican government, as you state, j 'gave instructions to General Obregon j to notify that of the United States J that it would not permit the further j passage of American troops into Mex- ; ico on this account and that orders i had been given to all military com manders along the frontier not to: consent to same." "This government is of course not in a j position to dispute the statement that these instructions had been given to I General Obregon, but it can decisively; assert that General Obregon never gave any such notification to General | Scott or General Funston or, so far as; known to any other American official, j General Obregon did, however, inquire j as to whether American troops had j entered Mexico in pursuit of the Glenn Springs raiders, and General Funston stated that no orders had been issued to American troops to cross the fron tier on account of the raid, but this statement was made before any such orders had been issued, and not af terwards, as the erroneous account of the interview given in your note | would appear to indicate.' ".Further discussion of the Glenn | Springs raid, the note says, is not necessary, 'because the American j forces sent in pursuit of the bandits recrossed Into Texas on the morning! of May 22, the date of your note un-j der consideration —a further proof of i the singleness of purpose of this gov- j ernment in endeavoring to quell dls- | order and stamp out lawlessness along the border.' » * • IT. S. Attitude Mistaken "I have noted the fact that your communication is not limited to a dis- ' cussion of the deplorable conditions existing along the border and their important bearing on the peaceful re lations of our governments, but that! an effort is made'to connect It. with j other circumstances in order to sup- , port if possible, a mistaken interpre tation of the attitude of the govern- ! ment of the United States toward i Mexico. You state In effect that the American government has placed | every obstacle in the way of attain | ing the pacification of Mexico and ithat this is shown by the volume of diplomatic representations in behalf of American interests which constant ly impede efforts to reorganize the po litical, economical and social condi tions of the country; by the decided aid lent at one time to Villa by Amer ican officers and by the Department of State; by the aid extended by the American 'Catholic clergy to that of Mexico; by the constant activity of the I American press in favor of interven tion and the interests of American j businessmen; by the shelter and sup ply of rebels and conspirators on ] American territory; by the detention I of shipments of arms and munitions j purchased by the Mexican govern | ment, and by the detention of ma chinery intended for their manufac ture. Every Possible Encouragement In reply to this sweeping charge. I can truthfully affirm that the Amer ican government has given every pos- I sible encouragement to the de facto 1 government in the pacification and ! rehabilitation of Mexico. From the moment of its recognition it has had ; the undivided support of this govern ! ment. An embargo was placed upon arms and ammunition going into ! Chihuahua, Sonora and Lower Cali j fornia. in order to prevent their fa.ll ! ing into the hands of the armed op ; nor.ents of the de facto government. [ Permission has been gran Led from HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH time to time, as requested, for Mex- I lean troops and equipment to traverse j American territory from one point to ' another in Mexico in order that the I operations of Mexican troops against j I Villa and his forces might be facilitat | e<2. In view of these friendly acts, -I jam surprised that the de facto gov-1 j ernment has construed diplomatic [ representations in regard to the un- i ! just treatment accorded American in terests, private assistance to opponents I | to the de facto government by sym ; pathizers in a foreign country and the ! | activity of a foreign press as inter-! ! ference by the United States govern j ment in the domestic politics of Mex-1 ico. If a denial is needed that this government has had ulterior and lm- i proper motives in its diplomatic rep \ resentations, or has countenanced the activities of American sympathizers and the American press opposed to I the de facto government. I am glad most emphatically to deny it. "It is, however, a matter of com- I mon knowledge that the Mexican | press has been more active than the press in the United States in endeavor i irt," to inflame the two peoples against I each other and to force the two coun j tries into hostilities. Wifh the power j of censorship of the Mexican press, so | rigorously exercised by the de facto ! government, the responsibility for this j activity cannot, it would seem, be avoided by that government and the itsue of the appeal of General Car- I ranza himself in the press of March 12, calling upon the Mexican people to be prepared for any emergency which j might arise and Intimating that war : with the United States was imminent, evidences the attitude of the de facto j government towards these publica tions. It should not be a matter of surprise that, after such manifesta ; tions of hostile feeling the United I Slates was doubtful of the purpose for i which the large amount of ammuni tion was to be used which the de facto government appeared eager to im i port from this country. Moreover, the policy of the de facto government In refusing to co-operate and in failing to act independently in destroying the ! Villa bandits and in otherwise sup pressing outlawry in the vicinity, of | the border so as to remove the danger ! of war materials, while passing south j ward through this zone, falling Into t the hands of the enemies of law and ! order is, in the opinion of this govern ! ment, a sufficient ground, even if there i were no other for the refusal to allow ! such materials to cross the boundary j into the bandit-infested region. To have permitted these shipments with | out careful scrutiny would, in the cir | cumstances. have been to manifest a 1 sense of security which would have I been unjustified. Hostility Unconcealed "Candor compeis me to add that the unconcealed hostility of the subordi nate military commanders of the de facto government toward the Ameri can troops engaged in pursuing the Villa bands and the efforts of the de facto government to compel their withdrawal from Mexican territory by threats and show of military force in stead of by aiding in'the capture of ! the outlaws constitute a menace to the j safety of the American troops and to ! the peace of the border. As long as | this menace continues and there is any ! evidence of an intention on the part of | the de facto government or its military ! commanders to use force against the | American troops Instead of co operating with them, the government ' of the United States will not permit : munitions of war or machinery for | their manufacture to be exported from j this country to Mexico. Arrest Conspirators "As to the shelter and supply of ! rebels and conspirators on American j territory, I can state that vigorous efforts have been and are being made by the agents of the United States to ! apprehend and bring to justice all per sons found to be conspiring to violate ' the laws of the United States by or ! ganizing to oppose with arms the de facto government of Mexico. Political j refugees have undoubtedly sought asy lum in the United States, but this gov ernment has vigilantly kept them ! under surveillance and has not hesi tated to apprehend them upon proof of their criminal intentions, as the arrest of General Huerta and others fully attests. "Having corrected the erronepus | statements of fact to which I have ; adverted, the real situation . stands I forth in its true light. It is admitted i that American troops have crossed the | international boundary in hot pursuit ! of the Columbus raiders and without I notice to or the consent of your gov ! ernment, but the several protestations on the part of this department i and other American authorities that : the object of the expedition was !to capture, destroy or completely disperse the Villa bands of out laws or to ' turn this duty over to the Mexican authorities when assured i that It will be effectively fulfilled have ! been carried out in perfect good faith |by the United States. Its efforts, how i ever, have been obstructed at every i point: first, by insistence on a palpably ; useless agreement which you admit was either not to arply to the present 1 expedition or was to contain imprae l ticable restrictions on its organization s and operation: then by actual oppo sition, encouraged and fostered by the : de facto government, to the further advance of the expedition into Villa i territory, which was followed by the I sudden suspension of all negotiations for an arrangement for the pursuit of j Villa and his followers and the protec -1 tion of the frontier, and finally by a > j demand lor the immediate withdrawal of the American troops. Meantime, conditions of anarchy in the border states of Mexico were continually growing worse. Unreasonable Demand In view of this increasing menace, of the inactivity of the Carranza forces, of the lack of co-operation In the ap prehension of the Villa bands and of the known encouragement and aid given to bandit leaders, it is unreason able to expect the United States to withdraw its forces from Mexican ter ritory or to prevent tneir entry again when their presence is the only check upon further bandit outrages und the only efficient means of protecting American lives and homes—safeguards which General Carrunza, though inter nationally obligated to supply, is mani festly unable or unwilling to give. "In view of the actual state of af fairs as I have outlined it above, I am now in a position to consider the con clusions which you have drawn in your note under acknowledgment from the erroneous statements of fact which you have set forth. Intimates Distrustful Attitude "Your government intimates, if does not openly charge, that the attitude of the United Stales is one of in sincerity, distrust and suspicion to ward the de facto government of Mex ico and that the intention of the U. S. is to extend its sovereignty over Mexican territory, and not merely for the purpose of pursuing marauders and preventing future raids across the border. The de facto government charges by implication which admits of but one interpretation, that this government has as its object territorial aggrandizement even at the expense of a war of aggression against a neighbor weakened by years of civil strife. The government of the United States, if it had had designs upon the territory of Mexico would have had no difficulty in finding during this period of revolution and disorder many plausible arguments for intervention in Mexican affairs. Hoping, however, that the people of Mexico would through their own efforts restore peace and establish an orderly gov ernment, trie United States has await ed with patience the consummation of the revolution. Imputations Not Justified "In the face of constantly renewed evidences of the patience and restraint of this government In circumstances which only a government imbued with unselfishness and a sincere desire to respect to the full the sovereign rights and national dignity of the Mexican people would have endured, doubts and suspicions as to the motives of the government of the United States are expressed in your communication of May 22, for which I can imagine no purpose but to Impugn the good faith of this government for I find it hard to believe that such imputations are not universally known to be without the least shadow of Justification in fact. Frontier Must He Protected "I have, of course, given considera tion to your argument that the re sponsibility for the present situation rests largely upon this government. In the first place, you state that even the American forces along the border whose attention is undivided by other military operations, 'find themselves physically unable to protect effectively the frontier on the American side.' Obviously, if there is no means of reaching bands roving on Mexican territory and making sudden dashes at night into American territory, It is impossible to prevent such invasions unless the frontier Is protected by a cordon of troops. No government could be expected to maintain a force of this strength along the boundary of a nation with which it is at peace for the purpose of resisting the on slaughts of a few bands of lawless men, especially when the neighboring State makes no effort to pevent these attacks. The most effective method of preventing raids of this nature, as past experience has fully demonstrated, 1B to visit punishment or destruction on the raiders. It is precisely this plan which the United States desires to follow. It Is in fact protection to American lives and property about which the United States is solicitous ana not the methods or ways in which that protection shall be accomplished. If the Mexican government is unwill ing or unable to give this protection by preventing its territory from being the rendezvous and refugee of murder err and plunderers, that does not re lieve this Hovernment from its duty to take all the steps necessary to safe guard American citizens on American soil. The United States government cannot and will not allow bands of lawless men to establish themselves upon its borders with liberty to Invade and plunder American territory with Impunity and, when pursued, to seek safety across the Rio Grande, relying upon the plea of their government thst the integrity of the soil of the Mexican republic must not be violated. "The de facto government finally argued that "if the frontier were duly protected from incursions from Mex ico there would be no reason for the existing difficulty;' thus the defacto government attempt to absolve Itself from the first duty of any government, namely, the protection of life and property. This is the paramount obli gation for which governments are In stituted and governments neglecting or failing to perform it are not worthy of the name. This is the duty for i which General Carranza, It must he 1 assumed, Initiated his revolution in j Mexico and organised the present gov. , eminent and lor which the United JUNE 20, 1916. GUARD NEARING WAR STRENGTH Brisk Recruiting Completing Units; Police Hold Eager Applicants in Line Philadelphia, June 20. Recruiting was proceeding rapidly to-day throughout Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware and It was predicted by officers in charge of the work that the different National Guard units would be brought up to full war strength within a short time. Some of the or ganizations had already been filled and were awaiting orders to move to the mobilization camp at Mount Gret na on Saturday. Governor Brumbaugh's order of mobilization, which was received by Brigade commanders early to-day, was that all units must go to camp with at least minimum peace strength and that recruitment should continue at the home stations under the directions of first lieutenants. Brigadier General Wtlliam G. Price, Jr., commanding the First Brigade, with headquarters In Philadelphia, said to-day that his men would be ready to move to Mt. Gretna Saturday morning and that he expected his regi ments to be recruited to their full strength by that time. Similar reports were received from other sections of the State. live Aviators Offer Not since the days preceding the Spanish-American war has this city experienced such an outburst of pat riotism. Many large corporations, de partment stores and other business houses announced that men in their employ who were members of the Na tional Guard would not lose their posi tions while away and many of thein said the men's salaries would go on the same as if they were working and they would be in line for promotion regardless of how long they might be absent. Mayor Smith, in a statement said that he would take up the matter of paying employes of the city who join their regiments with the law depart ment, and if it is legal he will approve of it. The Mayor issued a proclama tion requesting all business establish ments and residents of the city to dis play American flags during the mob ilization period. Prospects of active service in Mexico also stimulated re cruiting here for the regular army and a new high record was established yesterday in the number of applicants for one day. All of the men accepted will be assigned to the cavalry, it was stated. The Pennsylvania Aero Club offered the services of five aviators with their machines. Recruiting Bri.sk Officials of the Pennsylvania, Read ing and other railroads assured Na tional Guard officials that trains will be in readiness to move the troops when the order is given. Recruitings in Delaware was so brisk that in "Wilmington it was neces sary to call on the police to control the crowds. - The State's two battalions were quickly filled to war strength and are in their armories awaiting or ders to go to the State range. Officers of the National Guard said ihey easily could have recruited another battalion. Major J. Warner Reed is in command. New Jersey's contingent assembled at Newark, Jersey City and Paterson to-day and later were to proceed to the camp grounds at Sea Girt. PHYSICIANS OFFER SERVICE Dr. John L. Good and Dr. John D. Crist, resident physicians at the Har risburg hospital, last night offered their services to any medical corps of the State militia, in letters to Gover nor Brumbaugh. Both will have serv ed a year at the Harrisburg hospital on July 1. Mobilizing N. Y. Guard With Record Rapidity Peekskill, N. Y., June 20. After reading telegraph reports from all parts of the State indicating that mobilization of the New York Na tional Guard is proceeding with record rapidity. Major General John F. O'Ryan, commanding the State militia, left for New York to confer with Major General Leonard Wood. He expects to remove his headquarters to ("amp Whitman at Beekman to-mor row or Thursday. It was stated here to-day that the problem of concentrating the troops is so tremendous that physical condi tions will make it mandatory for the regiments to arrive at Canip Whitman a few at a time, but that the mobiliza tion is expected to be completed by Monday night or Tuesday morning. States government recognized his gov ernment as the de facto government of Mexico. Protection of American lives and property, then in the United States is first the obligation of this government and in Mexico, is, first, the obligation of Mexico, and second, the obligation of the United States. In securing this protection along the common boundary the United States has a right to expect the co-operation of its neighboring republic; and yet, instead of taking steps to check or punish the raiders, the de facto gov ernment demurs and objects to meas ures taken by the United States. The government of the United States does not wish to believe that the de facto government approves these marauding attacks, yet as they continue to be made, they show that the Mexican government is unable to repress them. » ♦ » Duty Not Sought "In conclusion, the Mexican govern ment invites the United States to sup port its 'assurances of friendship with real and effective acts' which 'can be not other than the immediate with drawal of the American troops' for the reasons I have herein fully set forth, this request of the de facto govern ment cannot now be entertained. The United States has not sought the duty which has been forced upon it of pur suing bandits who under fundamental principles of municipal and interna tional law, ought to be pursued and arrested and punished by Mexican au thorities. Whenever Mexico will as sume and effectively exercise that re sponsibility the United States, as it has many times before publicly de clared, will be glad to have this obli gation fulfilled by the de facto gov ernment of Mexico. If on the con trary, the de facto government is pleased to ignore this obligation and to believe that 'in case of a refusal to retire these troops there is no further recourse than to defend its territory by an appeal to arms,' the government of the United States should be lacking In sincerity and friendship If it did not frankly impress upon the de facto government that the execution of this threat will lead to the gravest conse quences. While this government would deeply regret such a result it eannot recede from its settled de termination to maintain its national rights and to perform its full duty in preventing further invasions of the territory of the United States and in removing the peril which Americans along the international boundary have borne so long with patience and fore bearance. ".ROBERT LANSING." PEONS FLOCKING TO GEN. CARRANZA Driven by Hunger They Enlist; 25,000 in Chihuahua; Muster ing in Boys of 10 By .Associated Press El Paso. Texas, June 20. Hunger Is swelling the army that General Carranza is recruiting in Northern Mexico, in preparation for possible hostilities with the United States, ac cording to stories brought here to-day by Americans arriving from the in terior. Peons, who for some time have been on the verge of starvation, have been flocking to his standard in the last few . days, in return for promises of food and clothing, they said. No applicants have been rejected, according to stories, which told of boys of ten and twelve years of age and old men being recruited. One of the arrivals, an American businessman of Mexico City estimated that there are now 25,000 Carranza troops in Chihuahua State, of whom about 2,000 are In Chihuahua City. Four thousand in Juarez, and 5,000 in Villa Ahumada, the North ern Chihuahua base, which is 93 miles south of El Paso. The remainder practically surround the American expeditionary command on the south, east and west. He said also that sev eral thousand troops, wliluh had been at Chihuahua recently were sent to ward San Antonio and Madera ostensibly to he stationed along the line of the Mexican Northwestern Railway south of General Pershing's command. Ate Raw Reims The refugees brought with them graphic stories of economic condi tions. One man said that he and his fellow passengers would have starved had not the train stopped at times long enough to allow them to get out ani. est raw beans from fields. An other said he had vainly offered fKo ' dollars American gold for a tortilla. Desperately Hungry "The Mexicans are desperate," a refuges from the El Valle district said. "Even though their attitudo might be friendly, hunger Is apt to force them to attack an American supply train." Both El Paso and Juarez remained outwardly calm to-day, but In both towns soldiers were kept close to their camps. The number of Americans crossing into Juarez to-day was smaller than usual but none of them reported any manifestations of hostility Educated Mexicans, some of whom have been living in El Paso, and others who have arrived here recently from interior points in the United States have been crossing the frontier in large numbers recently, asserting that their place In the crisis is with their people. T. D. Edwards, counsel In Juarez, established a desk in the American crstoms house for the transaction of diplomatic business. He denied that the consulate is to be closed but said thai it is to remain In charge of a clerk for the transaction of com mercial business. Detachments de tailed by General Francisco Gonzales, on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande and General George Bell, Jr., on tho American side, to investigate report t that the body of an American, killed in Texas, had been found on the Chihuahua side reported they were unable to find any trace of such a i body. New York Guardsmen Are Nearly Ready to Leave For Their Camp Ground By .Associated rrtss New York, June 20. Hundreds lof members of the national guard [ regiments remained in their armories ! last night and at all armories officers and men are preparing for mobiliza tion at Reekman, N. Y. Some of the troops expected orders to start for the camp to-day but the majority of the regiments are not likely to ler.'-'i? W»» | fore to-morrow or Thursday. Recruiting for most of the regi j ments to bring them up to their full , war strength of 150 men to u com pany of Infantry Is proceeding rapidly. | Adopt'ng the example set by the j mayor many employers of guardsmen announced that the pay of the men refponding to the call would be con tinued in full or in part. The West ern Union Telegraph Company an nounced that any of its employes in any part of the country who have beer, in the service of the company for more than a year will receive half pay during their military service pro i vided this, with a military pay docs j not exceed their normal salaries. Chicago Railroads Are Ready to Move 25,000 Men to Border Each Day | Mexico, June 20. Railroads cen tering in Chicago and having direct j communication with the Mexican bor | dtr will be able to move approxi ! mately 25,000 soldiers daily, accord ing to statements by railroad officials i to-day. officials of the various roads have notified the authorities at Wash ington that they are ready for orders, but ea l.v to-day they had received no definite information as to what is ex- I pccted of them. Plans are practically complete, ! however, for coping with a situation • which is expected to develop' the moment the various State contingents |of troops are started for the. Mexican border. Louis S. Hungerford, general i manager of the Pullman Company, sale" his company already had live hundred large tourist cars awaiting orders. "That means we can trans port 24.000 soldiers on one trip of letch car," he sain. It is said that the comfort of the soldiers who are to go to the border will be one of the chief aims of the various transporta tion companies. Efforts will be made to provide sleeping accommodations for every guardsman. FORD SKI;* "POLITIC AL PI.AY" Hut liaubtH If President Would he Moved to llrliiK on War Special to the Telegraph Detroit, Mich.. June 20. "\\'e do not know the situation In Mexico, therefore we should not criticise too freely," said Henrv Ford yesterday. "It looks as if the interests were stirring things up down there, but it is almost impossible to get at the real situation. "While It looks like a political play, ■ this calling out the militia, it might be going too far to say the President would involve our country in war for political reasons. "There has been some question about our consistency in talking against pre paredness. All this talk about pre paredness both political parties are making is simply a political play. Both 1 the Democrats and Republicans are ! talking preparedness for that purpose only." / Try Telegraph Want Ads 11
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers