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i
BLOOMS BURG. COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1865.
NUMBER 1.
VOLUME 17.
J.
J
y
THE STAR OF THE NORTH
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WERE I A STAR.
Were I a bright and glittering star,
Set in the firmament above,
, I'd pierce the densest clouds there are,
'And watching o'er thee from afar,
. I'd prove thy beacon light of love.
A Star of Hope so dazzling bright
. jTo lead thee through life's troublous sea;
Onward I'd point thee to thy flight, ..
Upward I'd lure thee by my light
I'd prove a guiding star xo thee.
Were I a bird on fluttering wing,
For thee I'd tone my matin lay ; ) -.
For thee my sweetest notes I'd sing ; .
For thee I'd make' the echoes ring
Through all the gladsome summer day;
And in the dewy eventide, -
When other bird bad sought their nest,
SUII nearer thee would I abide,
;L' And warbling softly by thy side, -"'
I'd gently loll thee to thy. rest-
r W --. .
I Were I yon lovely fragile flower,
m So delicate and fair to tee -.
4 .Contented in. my woody bower,
I'd linger out my tittle hour, v
So ibon didiit cast one glance on me ;
Or gathered from my lowly bed, .
For thee I'vl put pesh beauty on,
For thee I'd raise my drooping head,
For thee my richest fragrance shed,
Then fade and die when thou wert gone.
, ... t
0 But golden star, however bright, -.
V Will pale and vanish in the day ;
. The bkylark'f soag will cease at night ;
: And lilies wither in the light, '
rA Whilst ! would ever near thee stay.
So truer than the flickering narj
' , More lasting thaa the fragile flower,
Mure constant than the warbler are,
I'd ever watch thee, near or far,
, ' And love and serve lhee bour by hour.
Destitution in Alabama.
The following extracts are from a letter
of an 'Alabama lawyer to a friend ia Harris
bur 2 :"....': . .. . ; -. '.
- "Our oegro population is in t fix and a
pretty considerable one at that. Themen,
for the most part,' roaming about in the ex
ercise ol their new found liberty, doing but
liitle, and that little, bad ; the women and
children suffering some and with the dark
est prospects ahead In the wisdom , of
Providence i: has -been deemed right that
we have this year, -throughout nearly all the
Soulh, far as I know, an almost total fail
ure of the. crops. la'tbi's bounty many es
timate tharthere, hai no; been Vnough of
corn raised to supply the people with bread,
much, less to. fatten their pork or keep alive
their stock-- Bat few of the negroes worked,
nd tbey but partially. . They have no sup
plies, and how they are to live until "green
corn" or blackberry time next year, God
only knows. ; Thousands unquestionably
will and'must'die. of actoaT-starvation.
Their old masters' cribs and smoke, bouses
ere " either empty or .closed against , them
In. casting about in' my mind why it has
been decreed by Providence that thifc fearful
fate awatu this unhappy class," I can think
of bat one solution of,the mystery. May
it net be done to give their Northern phil
anthropic kindred or, perhaps, more cor
rectly speaking,' negrophilists an opportu
nity to exhibit their love for "the poor ne
gro V ' li so tbey bad better hurry, or tbey
.will be, as the world 'j charity too generally
Is, too late. ? rl
. "I have found "an empty cabin on the
mountain .'or a temporary reluge; have to
Bu3t to my oSc in town, six miles, and
back, twice a week.' I have' not received a
inle cent for' professional service aiDCO
peace was declared. ., ,:
TiiouBLt. You are goiag to; have yocr
troab'es as well as your pleasures. A man
ia sot worth a Snap that has not had trouble.
You'caanot subdue 'selSshness'without,. a
tbggle. ' You cacnot restrain pride with
out a. conflict. You cannot expect to go
fhou Jifa without teariug' burdens. - But
fojS a;a goinjjo hav ba!p under clraom-4
i . SM " f ' " . I I
iJiin. : Yoa are g'Jing to experience raore
jric.'iJr'ysa tti.l defeats. Your sufferings will
fee only hers and there Hale , spots in a
Svhcla fieli of peace and joy. . - '; t . :
Scuthern merchaa;. fr some time past,
fcava Lesa yiuiiing New York and other
porthera cities, "in considerable' numbers,
whsra they have been payin; o2 old scores,
lavsitir j what. Jittla surplus thajr. hava in
ar-i gettisj "tima" on new.Tantures.
The cntcl czrdlile seems to be getting preU
hed between busrnss men
tarevsr it nay t?iti iha "pcliucans-ani
preacher?. ' - - , . .
.
fc'-Z"z- ?83-ka cf a chap with . f;3t
f 3 Ij -, thsl vr:?i it rnf'.s, cr ha tsanu to
?t i:- t1"? sh?3, he. l"as do'n cn hi
THE STATE' OF THE COUSHLYi
Secretary JTIcCuIIocli's Ad
dress at Fort Way ne
: in Full. - v
Why President Johnson Adopted bis
' Reconstruction Policy.
The Finances The Currency On'ht to be
Brought to a Specie Standard A
Portion of it to be Withdrawn
From Circulation.
- The banquet given in honor of Secretary
McCuIlocb, at Fort Wayne, Indiana, is spo
ken ol by the Western papers as one of the
finest affairs ever witnessed there. The
secretary was welcomed by P. P. Btiley,
Esq., who presided on the occasion, and,
in response to "our honored guest," spoke
as follows : - "
Mr. President ; . Since I paid my last
visit to Fort Wayne, a little less than a year
g gre&t events have transpired lu the
United States. The rebellion, although it
had received many staggering blows from
oar gallant soldiers, under the distinguished
generals whose fame is world-wide, was
then stilt audacious . and defiant ; and al
though the result might rot have been con
sidered doubtful, the end of the war- seemed
not unlikely to be far in ;he future. Eleven
months have passed away, and this i;reat
civil war has been brought to a glorious
conclueion. Tie .stripes and stars are
again recognized as the emblem of liberty
and union in every part of our national do
main, and more than eight hundred thou
sand loyal men have been mustered ont of.
service, and converted from gallant soldiers
into' peaceable, law-abiding and indostri
ous citizens. The question of Slate sover
eignty has been settled by an appeal to
arms, and the sovereignty . ol the govern
ment under the Constitution established for
ever. The greatest civil war that has ever
beerj waged upon the face of the earth has
been concluded.; the most powerful armies
of modern times have been disbanded ; and
yet civil liberty is as safe and vigorous as it
was before the war commenced. During
the progress of the rebellion, there has
been a 6train upon republican institutions,
but they have sustained it without the loss
ol a particle of their strength. Slate rights
and individual rights ma) in some in
stances perhaps unnecessarily have been
invaded ; but to-day there is at the North
no Siate right under the Constitution, and
no individual right, which is cot as much
respected and as well eslabliiheJ as they
were when the first gun was fired upon
Sompter. It is ibis fact which makes our
triumph a sublime and greater triumph
than the result of the war itself. But Ibis
is not all. Ju.t at the morseut when the
people were rejoicing over the fall of Rich
mond and the surrender of the confederate
armies, the Chief Magistrate of the nation,
the most beloved and the most trusted of
men. fell by the hand of an assassin. For
a moment the nation was struck dumb by f on"what terms they should be restored to
the atrocity of the act, and the magnitude ' the Uoion which xhJ nad Intarily aban
of the; loss 'that Lad been sustained. - As J doned and attempted to destroy; that as the
the report flashed over the wires that the ! Pe0P,e of lh"9 States had appealed to the
beloved Chief Magistrate of the taiion, iol word nd been "bjagated by the sword,
the midst of our rejoicing over onr victory I lhey "Duld be governed by the sword until
and ibe prospect ot returning peae, Jiad ' the law-making powers bad disposed of thb
been slain, what heart wa there throughout I
this broad land which was not filled with
anguish and apprehension? what thinking
man did not pat to himself the . questions,
Can tbe republio stand this unexpected ca
lamity? Can our popular institutions bear
this new trial ? The anguish remained, and j
till remains, but the apprehension existed ;
bot for a moment.. Scarcely had the an
nouncement been made that Lincoln had
fallen, before it was followed by the report ;
that the Vice-President bad taken the oath "
of President, and that the functions of gov
ernment. were being performed as regularly
and quietly as though nothing had happen
ed. And what followed The body of the
beloved President was taken from Wash
ington to Illinois, tnrougn crowded cities,
among a? griel stricken and deeply excited j
people, mourning as no people ever mourn
ed, and naoved as no people ever were
moved ; and yet there was no popular vio
lence, no outbreak of popular passion;
borne a thousand miles to its last resting
plaee, hundreds of thousands doing soeh
honor to the remains as were never paid to
those of king or conqueror ; and the public
peace, notwithstanding intense indignation
was mixed with intense sorrow, w a in no
instance disturbed. Hereafter there will be
oo skepticism among os in regard. to. the
wisdom, the excellence and the power: of
republican institutions. There ii ao coun
try upon earth that could have passed thro'
tbe trial to which the , United State 'have
been (objected daring 'the past four jsars,
without being broken into fragments., . - -.-
j : tr-.t ANDREW J0HKS0V. 1
But you will expect, perhaps, ibat I. say
omething of his (Mr. Lincoln') successor.
In any other place and under any other -circumstance
(should not feel at liberty t:o
make any particular allusion to the Presi
dent of the United States, folding' as I dSa
sea ia his cabinet- Bot knowing that many
of yon, my townsmen and neighbors, have
been of the opinion' that tbe settlement of
! the great 'question which, wcpld necessarily
come up for settlement at the close of the
war would require on the par! of the Chinf
llaS'istrate' a 'profoander'' wisdom and
brca-jr statesmanship than, was required
daring its continuance, and that not a. fair
have been deeply anxious lest Mr. Jobnsos
night have fcs?3 unequal to the prodigioa
work that has ti: a dayolved' upon hira. I
feet conslr jine-J in tiy that there , n tsy
jaJrsst, 19 rrr:-4 for ar-ret-
this subject. Trying and difficult as ia his"
, situation, Mr. Johnson ismaster of it. He
j possesses, in an eminent degree, the"quali
ties that fit him . for'.the presidency at the
present time. "A Southern man, thoroughly
acquainted with the effects of slavery; upon
society; be knows how to deal with' South
ern men in their present circumstances
Ardently attached to Tennessee, the love
which he bears to bis State is entirely sub
ordinate lo that which he bears to the Un
ion. .Jealous of State rights, he is equally
jealous of the rights of the general govern
ment. A radical and uncompromising ene
my of nullification, secession and every
form of disloyalty, be is equally an enemy
to any measures which, in his judgment,
are calculated, by depriving the Stales of
their just rights' under the Constitution, te
convert the federal government in'o a des
potism. Raised in slave Stales, and until
recently a slaveholder, be has never bad
any love for slavery, and has always been
the opponent of the aristocracy that was ;
based upon it. By nature .and by education,
he i just the roan for the great work of re-
establishing the federal authority over the
recent rebellious States. And he has taken
hold of this work with a devotion, an ener
gy and a prudence that promises the best
results. He is a man, also, of excellent
judgment, and great singleness of purpose.
Honest himself, he expects honesty in oth
ers. Although long in public life, and a
leading politician of bis own school, he ia
in no sense a partisan. Unassuming in j
manner, be is yet self-possessed and dig
nified. He listens to the advice of those in
whose judgment he has confidence, but acts
upon his own convictions, and generally ac
cording lb his first impressions. With great
decision of character, he is never hasty in
action. , Stern and unyielding in his adhe
rence to principle and duty, be is a man of
kindly and gentle emotions. Having by
his own indomitable energy fought his way
op from a low to a high estate, be is in hear
ty sympathy with chose who are treading
the same upward path. He is, in a word,
a clear-beaded, upright, energetic, self-relying
statesman ; a dignified, courteoos, and
kind-bear ed gentleman. His administra
tion will be .characterized by all the force
and energy and independence of Jackson's,
with very I it: I e of its partisan character.
the president's reconstruction policy.
Under his direction ibe great work of re
establishing civil government at the South
DRdex the federal Constitution is going rap
idly forward loo rapidly, it seems, accord
ing :o the opinion' of many at the North,
whose opinions are entitled to great consid
eration. I know, sir, that many doubt the
wisdom of Mr. Johnson's policy; that maoy
are of the opinion that by their ordinances
of accession the rebellion? States had ceas
ed to be States under tbe Constitution ; and
that nothing should be done by the execu
tive in aid of the restoration of their State
governments until Congress had determined
aobject of reconstruction ; that no State that
bad passed ordinances of secession and uni
ted with tbe so-called confederate govern
ment should ever be admitted again into
the Union unless in its preliminary pro.
ceedings all men. irrespective of color,
BDOn,d I be permitted to vote, nor without
provisions in its Constituiion for the abso-
lute enfranchisement-of the negro. Some
even go further than this and demand the
confiscation of ' the properly of all rebels
an J t,e application of the proceeds te the
paymen; of tbe national debt. Tbee are
not, I apprehend, the views of a respecta
ble minority I know that they are not the
views of a majority of the people of tbe
North. -The better opinion is that the Stales
which attempted to secede never ceased to
b Stales in tbe Union ; that all their acts
of secession wert of no effect; that during
the progress of the revolt the exercise of
tbe federal authority was merely suspended,
and that there never was a moment when
the allegiance of the people of ihe insur
rectionary States was not due to tbe govern
ment, and ' when ' the government was not
bound to maintaio its aathority over tbera
and extend protection to those who require
it. When the rebellion was overcome, the
o-called confederate government, and all
Stale governments which bad been formed
in opposition to the federal government,
ceased to have even a nominal existence,
and the people who had been subject to
them were left, for the lime being, with
out any government whatever The term
of office of the federal officers bad expired
or tbe office bad become vacant by the
treason of - those '' who held them. I There
were do federal revenue officers', no com
petent federal judges, and no organized fed
era! courts. Nor were tbe people any bet
ter off as far a State authority was regard
ed. When the confederacy collapsed , all
ibe rebel Sta4e governments collapsed with
ii, so tbai, with a few exception, there
were ao person holding civil ofiic at the
South by th authority of any legitimate
government. , .
, f LA6B ARMY DANGEROUS A ISO EXPENSIVE. .
; Nowj a government is at all times a ne
cessity among men, and as it was especially
ao at tbe South, where' violence and! law
lessness had full sway, the question, to be
decided by tbe President was. simply this ;
Shall, the people at the South be held under
military rule until Congress ahall act upon
tv , ,t -';. .
j be taken by the executive to restore to them
civil govern meat f .After mature considera-
lion, the f resident conciuaeu h ip ve ui
duty to adopt the latter course, and I am
satisfied that injdoing so he has acted wise
ly.; Military rule will net be in demand by
the people of the United States one mo
ment longer than there is an absolute ne
cessity for it. Such an army as would have
been requisite for tbe government of the
people of the South, as a subjugated peo
. . ... . . i l
ple, until Congress might prescribe the
terms on which they could be restored to
the Union, would have been too severe a
strain upon our Republican institutions, and
too expensive for tbe present condition of
the Treasurj. The President ha there
fore gone to work to restore the Union by.
the use, from the necessity of tbe case, of a
portion of those who have been recently in
arms to overthrow it.
the southern people can be trusted.
The experiment may be regarded as a
dangerous one, but it will be proved. I ap
prehend, to have been a judicious one.
Never were a people so disgusted with the
work of Iheir own hands as were the great
mass of the people of the South (even be
fore tbe collapse of the rebellion) with the
government which was' attempted to be set
op by the overthrow of the government of
their forefathers. Never were a people so
completely subjugated as tbe people of the
rebel states. I have met a great many of
those whom the Pre&ident is using in his
restoration policy, and they have impressed
me most favorably. I believe them to be bon
iest in taking the amnesty oath and in their
pledges of fidelity to the Constitution and to
tbe Union. Slavery has perished this all
acknowledge and with it has gone down
the doctrine of secession. Sinte sovereignly
bad been discussed in Congress, before
courts, in the public journals, and among
the people,' and at last, "When madness
ruled the hour," this vexed question was
submitted to the final arbitrament of the
sword. The question, as all admitj has
been fairly and definitely decided, and from
ihia decision- of the sword there will be no
appeal. It. is undoubtedly, true that 'the
men of the South feel sore at the result, but
they accept the situation and are preparing
for the chances which the war has produced
ic their domestic institutions with an alacri
ty and an exhibition of good feeling which
has, I confess, surprised as it has gratified
me. : '
KECRO SUFFRAGE.
In the work of restoration the Presideul
has aimed to do only that which was ne-
cesaary to be done, exercising only that
power which could be properly exercised ,
under tbe Constitution, wbicb guarantees to j
every state a republican form of government, i
Regarding slavery as having perished in
the rebellious states, eilherby the proclama
tion of bis predecessor, or by the result f
the war, and determining that no rebel who
had not purged himself of his treason should
hae any part in the restoration of the civil
governments which he is aiding to establish,
he has not considered it within tbe scope
of his authority to go further and enfranchise
the negro. For this he is censured by many
true men at the North and a few extreme
men at tbe South, tat lhavc no dovbtthat he
will be tv stained by the people and that the
result will vindicate the wisdom of his course.
NO HASTY PARDONS FOR THB LEADERS OF THE
REBELLION. '
But while the President is inclined to treat
with kindness, and to trust those, who under
mistaken notions in regard to the character
of the government, joined in the rebellion,
but not until (after a struggle on their part
to prevent it) the states lo which they be
longed bad passed the ordinance of seces
sion and the United States was unable to
extend to them that protection to which
tbey were entitled there - is no roan who
holds ia greater abhorence than he does
tbe crime of treason, or tbe infaJiousvcoun.
drels who systematically and deliberately
tarved and poisoned our soldier in prison.
To tbe plotters of the rebellion there will be,
I apprehend, do hasty pardons; lo the mur
derers of our gallant soldiers no mercy.
- i '' THE COOKTBT'a. FINANCES.
And now a word in regard to oar finances
You know that I did not, seak, as I did not
expect to be, Secretary of tbe Treasury.
To thia fact I attribute in a great degree tbe
good feeling and indulgence tbat have been
manifested toward me ia the very trying
and responsible position I occupy. 1 accept
ed the office of Secretary of the Treasury
with great distrust ol my ability to meet the
public expectation, but with a sincere desire
to so conduct tbe affairs of this great depart
ment a to aid in restoring the credit of the
government which had' been damaged by
the greatness of the public debt, and ibe un
certainty in regard to the duration, if not to
the result of the war, and in bringing up tbe
obligation of the government to the specie
standard..-, . . . - -
. IRREDEXMABLX CURRERCY All EVIL. -
I am cot one of those who seem disposed
to repudiate coin as a measure ol value, and
to. make . a secured paper ; currency the
standard.. On the contrary, 1 belong to
tbat class of persons, who, regarding an ex
clusive metalic currency as an impracticable
thing among an enterprising and commer
cial people, nevertheless look upon an irre
deemable, currency a an evil which circum
stance may for .a. time., render a neces
sity, but is never to be sustained as a policy.
By common consent bl the , balions, gold
and silver are the only true measure of value.
They are the necessary regulators of trade.
I have myself no more doubt that these met
als were prepared by thaAlmishty, for
coal were prepared for the purposes for
which they are being used. I favor a well
secured convertible , paper currency. No
other can to any extent be a proper substi
tute for coin. Of course it is not expected
that :here shbll be a dollar in coin to reserve
for every dollar of paper in circulation
This is net necessary. For all ordinary
home transactions a paper currency is
sufficient, :but there are constantly occurring
period when balances between countries,
and in the United Stales between its different
in section, must be settled by coin. These
balancea are insignificant in amount, com
parison with the transactions out of which
they arise, and when a vicious system of
credils does not loo long postpone settle
ments, tbey are arranged,, without disturb
ing movements of coin.? Whenever specie
is needed for such a purpose, or for any
other purpose, tbe paper currency of the
country should be convertible into it, and a
circulation which is not so convertible will
not be, and ought not long to be, tolerated
by the people. The present inconvertible
currency of the United States was a necessi
ty of tbe war, but now that the war has
ceased, and the government ought not to be
longer a borrower, this currency should be
brought up lo tbe specie standard, and I see
no way of doing this but by withdrawing a
portion of it from circulation.
the business or thb country in an un
healthy STATE.
1 bave no faith, sir, in a prosperity
which is theeflectofa depreciated currency
nor can I see any safe path for us to tread
but that which leads to specie payment.
The extreme high prices which now pre
vail in the Uoited States is an unerring in
dication that the business of the couutry is
in an unhealthy condition. We are meas
uring values by a false standard. We have
a circulating medium altogether larger than
' is needed for legitimate business the ex-
cess is used in speculations. Tbe Uuited
j Slates are to-day the best market in tbe
i world lor foreigners to sell in, and among
j the poorest to buy in. The consequence is,
j that Europe is selling us more than she buys
of us (including our securities, which ought
j not lo go abroad,) and there is a debt rolling
; up against us that most be settled, in part
! at least, with coin. Tbe longer the inflation
continues the more difficult will it be lor us
lo get back to the solid ground of specie
payments, to which we must return rooner
or later. If Congress shall, early in the sp
proacbing session, authorize tbe funding of
legal tenders, and the work of a reduction
is commenced and carried on resolutely but
! carefully and prudently, we will reach
probably without serious embarrassment to
legitimate business; if not we shall bave a
brief period of hollow and seductive pros-
perity, resulting in widespread bankruptcy
and disaster. There are other objections to
the present inflation. It is, 1 fear, corrupt
ing the public morals. Ii is converting the
business of the country into gambling, and
seriously diminishing the labor of the coun
try. This is always the effect of excessive
'circulation. The kind of gambling which it
produces is not confined to the stock and
produce boards, where the very terms
which are used by the operators indicate
the nature of tbe transactions, but it is
spreading through our towns and into the
rnral districts. .Men are apparently getting
rich while morality languishes and . the
productive industry of the country is being
diminished. Good morals in business, and
sober, persevering industry, if not at a dis
count, are considered too o'd fogyish for the
present times. But I feel (hat this is not the
occasion for croaking, and perhaps I ought
to appologize for the train of remarks into
which I bave been led. Whatever financial
troubles may be before os, Fort Wayne
will suffer a little from them as any other
city in the country. Good financial seed
was sown here at ao early day. If property
is high, there are no incumberances upon it.
II expensive buildings are being erected,
the owners are . not indebted for them.
Business is done here on the cash principle.
Our merchants generally buy for cash and
sell for cash. We shall doubtless wake op
some fine morning aud find our property
worth apparently a good deal less than at
present, but ii we have no debt to pay in a
dearer currency than that in which they
were contracted, we shall have little to fear
from any crisis ihat may occur. .
WISE LEGISLATION NECESSARY. ;
But, while I feel anxious about the pres
ent inflation, and its effects upon the busi
ness and moraU of the country, I am hopeful
tbat, by wise legislation, we shall escape a
financial collapse, and I am confident that
a grand future is before tbe United States.
I am hopeful that the currency may be
brought up to the specie standard without
those financial ' troubles which have in all
countries followed protracted and expensive
wars. By the experience of the past four
years, we are led to tbe conclusion tbat our
people have1 a "latent power that always
manifests itself when required, and is equal
to any emergency. I bave faith, sir, that
as we have, to the astonishment of the
world, raised immense armies, larger, I ap
prehend, than any single nation ever brought
into the field, and met the enormous ex
penses of the war. without borrowing from
other nations, we sball also be able, with
out a' financial crisis, to fund our surplus
currency and interest bearing ' notes, bring
back tbe business to a specie standard, aud
place the credit of ibe country on the most
stable and satisfactory basis. - If we do this,
we hall accomplish what tbe soundest
thinker in Europe have considered aa im-
United Stales, occupying the grandest conn
try in the world, could accomplish. But
should we be disappointed in these hopeful
expectations ;. should no early check be pol
upon the issues of paper money ; should
prices Mill further advance, and speculation
be still lurther stimulated and the result
thereof be extensive bankruptcy, depres
sion, anJ hard limes, the grand destiny of
this country and this government will not
be affected The United Slates occupy the
best portion of the temperate zone of a con
tinent, stretching out i s arms to Europe on
the one side, and Asia on the other, and
producing all articles necessary for the sub
sistence and comfort of the race. If cotton
be king, he is, thank God, enthroned again ;
it bread be king, where should his capital
be but in this great valjey of tie Mississip
pi ? This nation has within itself every
thing that is needed to make it the greatest
among tbe family of nations. Coal and
iron in juxtaposition and inexhaustible sup
ply. Mountains and valleys rich enough in
gold and silver to furnish ihe world, for all
time, with what may be needed for circula
tion and oiber uses. Copper and lead and
other minerals in no less abundance. A soil
of wonderfof fertility, a -climate salubrious
and diversified, and, above all, republican
institutions, and an energetic and again
united people.
CAPITAL AHD LABOR IN THE SOUTH.
We have, it is true, sir, difficult questions
growing out of the war yet to be settled, but
I have an abiding confidence that they will
be settled as tbey come up for settlementin
such manner as will strengthen the Union,
and adJ lo our national renown. The labor
quettiori at the South is one of those ques
tions but if there b no outside interference,
it will not,' L apprehend, be a very difficult
one; on the contrary, it is quite likely to be
a self-adjusting one. The planter needs the
labor ol his former slaves, and the high
price which Southern products will com
mand for years lo come will enable him to
pay liberally tor it. Tbe colored people
will soon learn that freedom from slavery
does not mean freedom from work. The
interests of the two races will not be antag
onistic: Tne whites will need the labor of
the blacks and the blacks will need employ
ment. There is as much danger to be ap
prehended from the unwillingness of the lat
ter lo labor tor a support as from an indis
position on the part of (he former to pay
fair wages. Like all other economical ques
tions, it will be settled by the necessities
acd interests of the parties. Fortuaaieiy
for tbe solution of this question, and ibe
well-being of laboring men generally, capi
tal is not supreme in the United Slates. It
does not, as in most other countries, hold
labor under its control, and dole out to it
just such remuneration only as will make
it most productive. Labor is a power in
this free country, , with its cheap lands,
which are within the reach of all industri
ous men, and dictates terms to capital
There is no part of ihe world where labor
is more needed than in the Southern Slates,
nor where it will soon command better
prices. This tabor question at the Sooth
will, I doubt not, be satisfactorily arranged
in doe time, for the best interests of all con
cerned. But I bave trespassed loo long
upon your lime. Accept, again, my thanks
for your courtesy, and for the attention you
have given to my desultory remarks.
Ira train moving at the rale of twenty
five miles an hour were stopped instant
ly, the passengers wonld experience a con
cussion equal lo that of a body falling Irom
tbe bight of nineteen feet ; they would be
burled against the sides of the carriage with
a force equal to that which they would be
exposed to in Sailing from a window en the
second floor of the house. .If the train were
moving at the rate of thirty miles per hour,
they might an well fall from a bight ol three
pairs of stairs; and aa express train, would,
in point of lact make them fall from a fourth
story. Instantaneous breaks are therefore
to be avoided, if possible.
Charley W , a manly little fellow of
five years, felt and cut his upper lip so badly
that a surgeon had to be semmoned lo sew
up the wound. He sat in his mother's lap
during the operation pale, but Yery quiet,
resolutely shutting back his tears aud moans.
In her distress, the young mother could not
refrain from saying "Ob, doctor, 1 fear it
will leave a disfigured scar," Charley looks
ed tip in her tearful face and said, in a com
forting tone "Never mind mamma, my
mouitache will cover ii !" "
The self-styled "Union party" is the only
one that is now openly opposed to- the
President, the Government' and the Uuioa !
Thaddeos Stevens, the President of tbe
"Union Convention," declared, but a few
days ago, that tbe Uoion "mutt not be restored
or a while, because the triumph ol the
Democracy would be inevitable."
A Methodist and a Quaker having stop
ped at a public house agree to sleep in the
same bed. The Methodist knelt 'down
prayed fervently, and confessed a long cata
logue of sins. After he rose (be Quaker ob
served. "Really, friend, if thou art aa bad
as thou sayesi thou - art, I think I dare not
sleep with tbee.'; - , , , ' . -'
' A piece of petrified . wood, full of nail,
ha been found ia California. The query
is who drove the nails ia .the wood K The
Indians who inhabit the. couutry have no
idea of. working ia iron. Perhaps it 1 a
i rtaa nr(na LJ?oLrr.hjiTJtta-l
Monntaineering. -
So great an abundance ot material Tor
study and thought is there in the Alps," in
the geological, vegitable, and animal worlds,
that it would well occupy a life of observa
tion and reading. On the glaciers alone a
whole literature, a whole branch of science
has been bestowed. As ever moving and
changing sgeuts of vast geologic movements,
they possess an interest which perhaps no
other natural force but volcanoes affords.'
i . . . i
And whereas volcanoes are singularly cap-
ricious,and bear hardly any personal exam-
ination, glaciers are, of all the mundane for
ces, among the most constant and the most
accessible. There is something about ibe
ambigoous character of glaciers half solid,
half fluid thai is very lancinating.' There
is something so difficult to gra-p in the
scan ol huge tracts of earth, a broad and
lofty, perhaps, as one of our English moun
tain ranges, yet heaving and working with
all ihe ceaetess life of an ocean. To ihe ex
perienced obnerver the glacier seems to
have its waves, its tide, and its currents,
like a sea, both on its surface and down to
its basin. In no other mode can be watch
ed the heaving of th earth's crest visibly,
and the machinery of geologic change in
actual operation. And it is this union of
vast extent with movement ol force and
vitality which makes the study of ihe gla
cier so ever fresh and so impressive to the
merest scrambler as lo the man of science.
Glaciers, as is well known, from but ope
branch of the Alpine studies. The animal
branch is naturally the least abundant in
material, but in that it possesses the mark
of speciality, as retaining yet in the midst of
Europe some traces of long bygone a.iimal
eras. Bui the vegitation at once affords the
matter for first-rate investigation. If oiber
spottf in the world offer more extraordinary
types, there are perhaps no regions in Eu
rope where, :n so small an area.sucb a vary
ing series of climates and consequently of
plants can be seen. But quite aparl Irom
the richness or beauty of its flora or it fau
na, an Alp offers a peculiar character to all
observation. Tbe conditions under which
both exist are, for the most part, ao special
that both fill the least observant with new
suggestions. There is a poetry and a pathos
in an Alpine rose or gentian, as we see it
tbe sole organic thing amid vast inorganic
masses, tbe sole link of life between ns and
the most gigantic forms of matter. At home,
the brightest of birds or insets scarcely
awakens a thought in a summer's walk, but
J a stout man's heart and even eye may be
j softened by the sight but of a poor stranded
bee, blown lonh and shipwrecked amid
those pitiless solitudes.
In all the aerostatic phenomena, the Alps,
as is well known, take tbe first rank as the
j observatories of science. It is difficult for
I the student lo fail of uew ideas ia their
, midst as for the most heedless tourist to fail
to learn something. The great physical for
' ces form there the very conditions of exit
. tence. Tbe veriest scrambles gets to record
something of atmophereic facts audebang
, es. And here it is but fair to say that Al
pine climbers in general, and tbe Alpine
, club in particular, have given a very ueefol
impulse to popular science, and even ia
some cases to science proper. . It is simply
j ridiculous to suggest tbat most of them climb
with any scientific purpose, any more thaa
men bunt to improve ibe breed of borses.
But it is the special value of Alpine climb
ing that it combines a great variety ot ob
jects.' And whereas some men pursue it
for health, for exercise, Tor mere adventure
or enjoyment, (or the wonderful exhileration
it affords, lor the poetry, for tbe solemnity
and the parity ol the emotion it awakens,
some find there the richest field lor their se
rious labors, and nearly all find loo much
that gives matter lor profitable thought
Indeed a ground which, if to many it is but
one of recreation and rest, has been the
scene of the studies ot the Saussores, the
Agasslze, tbe Reaumonts, the Forbeses,
tbe Tyndals, the Huxleys, the Tschndis, the
Studrs,the Berlepschs, must be one which
has equal promise lor every mind acd every
character.
But it is not, after all, as being rich in sci
ence, nor simply as being lovely in scenery
that the Alps are chiefly marked. ' It is
more that they form as it were an epitome
of earth, and place before us, in tbe range
ef a summer day's walk, every form of nat
ural object and production ia the most strik
ing and immediate contrast. Within a few
hours after leaving the most terrible forms
of ruin, desolation, and solitude, where no
life is found, and man can remain but for a
lew hours, the traveler is in the midst of all
the luxuriant loveliness ol Italian valleys,
and lakes, basking in an almost tropical
beat, surrounded by the most delicate flow
ers, ferns, aud shrubs, and charmed into,
mere rest by evervarid landscapes, softer
and more fairy like than Turner ever drew.
Indeed,' after some weeks ol rough work .
amid the glaciers, it is immpossible to resist
the emotion of grateful delight with which,
one recognizes the overflowing richness of
this earth amid ihe sights, the sounds, the
perfumes, and the myriad sensations cf
pleasure with which life on the Italian lakes
is fall. No one can taste these wholly, who
has not botoe the heat and burden of the
day, the toil and cold of tbe Alpiue regions.
Then only is one able to see the glory and
profusion of nature as a whole, and to con
ceive ia one act of thought, and feel but ast
one manifold sensation, all tbit she has most,
beautiful,' from the artic zoue to the tropics.,
n uinunsicr neview.