---.arw-,;-. , w muill.),iHtlil,i,JIMaB,MMOiUII i. .i..w... mmmmmM wmmm mum u i. " umiiiiiii.ii luimmniiiii i mi wiyT5 - , . . t- , t , .-: . - , " ' t - i BLOOMS BURG. COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1865. NUMBER 1. VOLUME 17. J. J y THE STAR OF THE NORTH 13 PCBUSED fVIRT WEDNESDAY' BY , WM. II. JACOB Y, Cffice on Bala St., 3rd Square blcow Karkel. " TEK3IS : Two Dollar and Fifty Cents in advance. If not paid till the. end of '.be year, Three Dollars will "be chaged. ' " 'No 'subscriptions taken for a period lesa - than six months ; no discontinuance permit' ' led until all arrearages are paid unless at Ibe option of the editor. RATES. OF ADVERTISING : TEN LINES CONSTITUTE A SQUARE. One Square, one or three insertions, SI 5o Every subsequent insertion,leea than 13, 50 . One column one year, 50 00 Administrators' and Executors' notices, 3 00 Transient advertising payab'e in advance, 'all other due after lh9 first insertion. WERE I A STAR. Were I a bright and glittering star, Set in the firmament above, , I'd pierce the densest clouds there are, 'And watching o'er thee from afar, . I'd prove thy beacon light of love. A Star of Hope so dazzling bright . jTo lead thee through life's troublous sea; Onward I'd point thee to thy flight, .. Upward I'd lure thee by my light I'd prove a guiding star xo thee. Were I a bird on fluttering wing, For thee I'd tone my matin lay ; ) -. For thee my sweetest notes I'd sing ; . For thee I'd make' the echoes ring Through all the gladsome summer day; And in the dewy eventide, - When other bird bad sought their nest, SUII nearer thee would I abide, ;L' And warbling softly by thy side, -"' I'd gently loll thee to thy. rest- r W --. . I Were I yon lovely fragile flower, m So delicate and fair to tee -. 4 .Contented in. my woody bower, I'd linger out my tittle hour, v So ibon didiit cast one glance on me ; Or gathered from my lowly bed, . For thee I'vl put pesh beauty on, For thee I'd raise my drooping head, For thee my richest fragrance shed, Then fade and die when thou wert gone. , ... t 0 But golden star, however bright, -. V Will pale and vanish in the day ; . The bkylark'f soag will cease at night ; : And lilies wither in the light, ' rA Whilst ! would ever near thee stay. So truer than the flickering narj ' , More lasting thaa the fragile flower, Mure constant than the warbler are, I'd ever watch thee, near or far, , ' And love and serve lhee bour by hour. Destitution in Alabama. The following extracts are from a letter of an 'Alabama lawyer to a friend ia Harris bur 2 :"....': . .. . ; -. '. - "Our oegro population is in t fix and a pretty considerable one at that. Themen, for the most part,' roaming about in the ex ercise ol their new found liberty, doing but liitle, and that little, bad ; the women and children suffering some and with the dark est prospects ahead In the wisdom , of Providence i: has -been deemed right that we have this year, -throughout nearly all the Soulh, far as I know, an almost total fail ure of the. crops. la'tbi's bounty many es timate tharthere, hai no; been Vnough of corn raised to supply the people with bread, much, less to. fatten their pork or keep alive their stock-- Bat few of the negroes worked, nd tbey but partially. . They have no sup plies, and how they are to live until "green corn" or blackberry time next year, God only knows. ; Thousands unquestionably will and'must'die. of actoaT-starvation. Their old masters' cribs and smoke, bouses ere " either empty or .closed against , them In. casting about in' my mind why it has been decreed by Providence that thifc fearful fate awatu this unhappy class," I can think of bat one solution of,the mystery. May it net be done to give their Northern phil anthropic kindred or, perhaps, more cor rectly speaking,' negrophilists an opportu nity to exhibit their love for "the poor ne gro V ' li so tbey bad better hurry, or tbey .will be, as the world 'j charity too generally Is, too late. ? rl . "I have found "an empty cabin on the mountain .'or a temporary reluge; have to Bu3t to my oSc in town, six miles, and back, twice a week.' I have' not received a inle cent for' professional service aiDCO peace was declared. ., ,: TiiouBLt. You are goiag to; have yocr troab'es as well as your pleasures. A man ia sot worth a Snap that has not had trouble. You'caanot subdue 'selSshness'without,. a tbggle. ' You cacnot restrain pride with out a. conflict. You cannot expect to go fhou Jifa without teariug' burdens. - But fojS a;a goinjjo hav ba!p under clraom-4 i . SM " f ' " . I I iJiin. : Yoa are g'Jing to experience raore jric.'iJr'ysa tti.l defeats. Your sufferings will fee only hers and there Hale , spots in a Svhcla fieli of peace and joy. . - '; t . : Scuthern merchaa;. fr some time past, fcava Lesa yiuiiing New York and other porthera cities, "in considerable' numbers, whsra they have been payin; o2 old scores, lavsitir j what. Jittla surplus thajr. hava in ar-i gettisj "tima" on new.Tantures. The cntcl czrdlile seems to be getting preU hed between busrnss men tarevsr it nay t?iti iha "pcliucans-ani preacher?. ' - - , . . . fc'-Z"z- ?83-ka cf a chap with . f;3t f 3 Ij -, thsl vr:?i it rnf'.s, cr ha tsanu to ?t i:- t1"? sh?3, he. l"as do'n cn hi THE STATE' OF THE COUSHLYi Secretary JTIcCuIIocli's Ad dress at Fort Way ne : in Full. - v Why President Johnson Adopted bis ' Reconstruction Policy. The Finances The Currency On'ht to be Brought to a Specie Standard A Portion of it to be Withdrawn From Circulation. - The banquet given in honor of Secretary McCuIlocb, at Fort Wayne, Indiana, is spo ken ol by the Western papers as one of the finest affairs ever witnessed there. The secretary was welcomed by P. P. Btiley, Esq., who presided on the occasion, and, in response to "our honored guest," spoke as follows : - " Mr. President ; . Since I paid my last visit to Fort Wayne, a little less than a year g gre&t events have transpired lu the United States. The rebellion, although it had received many staggering blows from oar gallant soldiers, under the distinguished generals whose fame is world-wide, was then stilt audacious . and defiant ; and al though the result might rot have been con sidered doubtful, the end of the war- seemed not unlikely to be far in ;he future. Eleven months have passed away, and this i;reat civil war has been brought to a glorious conclueion. Tie .stripes and stars are again recognized as the emblem of liberty and union in every part of our national do main, and more than eight hundred thou sand loyal men have been mustered ont of. service, and converted from gallant soldiers into' peaceable, law-abiding and indostri ous citizens. The question of Slate sover eignty has been settled by an appeal to arms, and the sovereignty . ol the govern ment under the Constitution established for ever. The greatest civil war that has ever beerj waged upon the face of the earth has been concluded.; the most powerful armies of modern times have been disbanded ; and yet civil liberty is as safe and vigorous as it was before the war commenced. During the progress of the rebellion, there has been a 6train upon republican institutions, but they have sustained it without the loss ol a particle of their strength. Slate rights and individual rights ma) in some in stances perhaps unnecessarily have been invaded ; but to-day there is at the North no Siate right under the Constitution, and no individual right, which is cot as much respected and as well eslabliiheJ as they were when the first gun was fired upon Sompter. It is ibis fact which makes our triumph a sublime and greater triumph than the result of the war itself. But Ibis is not all. Ju.t at the morseut when the people were rejoicing over the fall of Rich mond and the surrender of the confederate armies, the Chief Magistrate of the nation, the most beloved and the most trusted of men. fell by the hand of an assassin. For a moment the nation was struck dumb by f on"what terms they should be restored to the atrocity of the act, and the magnitude ' the Uoion which xhJ nad Intarily aban of the; loss 'that Lad been sustained. - As J doned and attempted to destroy; that as the the report flashed over the wires that the ! Pe0P,e of lh"9 States had appealed to the beloved Chief Magistrate of the taiion, iol word nd been "bjagated by the sword, the midst of our rejoicing over onr victory I lhey "Duld be governed by the sword until and ibe prospect ot returning peae, Jiad ' the law-making powers bad disposed of thb been slain, what heart wa there throughout I this broad land which was not filled with anguish and apprehension? what thinking man did not pat to himself the . questions, Can tbe republio stand this unexpected ca lamity? Can our popular institutions bear this new trial ? The anguish remained, and j till remains, but the apprehension existed ; bot for a moment.. Scarcely had the an nouncement been made that Lincoln had fallen, before it was followed by the report ; that the Vice-President bad taken the oath " of President, and that the functions of gov ernment. were being performed as regularly and quietly as though nothing had happen ed. And what followed The body of the beloved President was taken from Wash ington to Illinois, tnrougn crowded cities, among a? griel stricken and deeply excited j people, mourning as no people ever mourn ed, and naoved as no people ever were moved ; and yet there was no popular vio lence, no outbreak of popular passion; borne a thousand miles to its last resting plaee, hundreds of thousands doing soeh honor to the remains as were never paid to those of king or conqueror ; and the public peace, notwithstanding intense indignation was mixed with intense sorrow, w a in no instance disturbed. Hereafter there will be oo skepticism among os in regard. to. the wisdom, the excellence and the power: of republican institutions. There ii ao coun try upon earth that could have passed thro' tbe trial to which the , United State 'have been (objected daring 'the past four jsars, without being broken into fragments., . - -.- j : tr-.t ANDREW J0HKS0V. 1 But you will expect, perhaps, ibat I. say omething of his (Mr. Lincoln') successor. In any other place and under any other -circumstance (should not feel at liberty t:o make any particular allusion to the Presi dent of the United States, folding' as I dSa sea ia his cabinet- Bot knowing that many of yon, my townsmen and neighbors, have been of the opinion' that tbe settlement of ! the great 'question which, wcpld necessarily come up for settlement at the close of the war would require on the par! of the Chinf llaS'istrate' a 'profoander'' wisdom and brca-jr statesmanship than, was required daring its continuance, and that not a. fair have been deeply anxious lest Mr. Jobnsos night have fcs?3 unequal to the prodigioa work that has ti: a dayolved' upon hira. I feet conslr jine-J in tiy that there , n tsy jaJrsst, 19 rrr:-4 for ar-ret- this subject. Trying and difficult as ia his" , situation, Mr. Johnson ismaster of it. He j possesses, in an eminent degree, the"quali ties that fit him . for'.the presidency at the present time. "A Southern man, thoroughly acquainted with the effects of slavery; upon society; be knows how to deal with' South ern men in their present circumstances Ardently attached to Tennessee, the love which he bears to bis State is entirely sub ordinate lo that which he bears to the Un ion. .Jealous of State rights, he is equally jealous of the rights of the general govern ment. A radical and uncompromising ene my of nullification, secession and every form of disloyalty, be is equally an enemy to any measures which, in his judgment, are calculated, by depriving the Stales of their just rights' under the Constitution, te convert the federal government in'o a des potism. Raised in slave Stales, and until recently a slaveholder, be has never bad any love for slavery, and has always been the opponent of the aristocracy that was ; based upon it. By nature .and by education, he i just the roan for the great work of re- establishing the federal authority over the recent rebellious States. And he has taken hold of this work with a devotion, an ener gy and a prudence that promises the best results. He is a man, also, of excellent judgment, and great singleness of purpose. Honest himself, he expects honesty in oth ers. Although long in public life, and a leading politician of bis own school, he ia in no sense a partisan. Unassuming in j manner, be is yet self-possessed and dig nified. He listens to the advice of those in whose judgment he has confidence, but acts upon his own convictions, and generally ac cording lb his first impressions. With great decision of character, he is never hasty in action. , Stern and unyielding in his adhe rence to principle and duty, be is a man of kindly and gentle emotions. Having by his own indomitable energy fought his way op from a low to a high estate, be is in hear ty sympathy with chose who are treading the same upward path. He is, in a word, a clear-beaded, upright, energetic, self-relying statesman ; a dignified, courteoos, and kind-bear ed gentleman. His administra tion will be .characterized by all the force and energy and independence of Jackson's, with very I it: I e of its partisan character. the president's reconstruction policy. Under his direction ibe great work of re establishing civil government at the South DRdex the federal Constitution is going rap idly forward loo rapidly, it seems, accord ing :o the opinion' of many at the North, whose opinions are entitled to great consid eration. I know, sir, that many doubt the wisdom of Mr. Johnson's policy; that maoy are of the opinion that by their ordinances of accession the rebellion? States had ceas ed to be States under tbe Constitution ; and that nothing should be done by the execu tive in aid of the restoration of their State governments until Congress had determined aobject of reconstruction ; that no State that bad passed ordinances of secession and uni ted with tbe so-called confederate govern ment should ever be admitted again into the Union unless in its preliminary pro. ceedings all men. irrespective of color, BDOn,d I be permitted to vote, nor without provisions in its Constituiion for the abso- lute enfranchisement-of the negro. Some even go further than this and demand the confiscation of ' the properly of all rebels an J t,e application of the proceeds te the paymen; of tbe national debt. Tbee are not, I apprehend, the views of a respecta ble minority I know that they are not the views of a majority of the people of tbe North. -The better opinion is that the Stales which attempted to secede never ceased to b Stales in tbe Union ; that all their acts of secession wert of no effect; that during the progress of the revolt the exercise of tbe federal authority was merely suspended, and that there never was a moment when the allegiance of the people of ihe insur rectionary States was not due to tbe govern ment, and ' when ' the government was not bound to maintaio its aathority over tbera and extend protection to those who require it. When the rebellion was overcome, the o-called confederate government, and all Stale governments which bad been formed in opposition to the federal government, ceased to have even a nominal existence, and the people who had been subject to them were left, for the lime being, with out any government whatever The term of office of the federal officers bad expired or tbe office bad become vacant by the treason of - those '' who held them. I There were do federal revenue officers', no com petent federal judges, and no organized fed era! courts. Nor were tbe people any bet ter off as far a State authority was regard ed. When the confederacy collapsed , all ibe rebel Sta4e governments collapsed with ii, so tbai, with a few exception, there were ao person holding civil ofiic at the South by th authority of any legitimate government. , . , f LA6B ARMY DANGEROUS A ISO EXPENSIVE. . ; Nowj a government is at all times a ne cessity among men, and as it was especially ao at tbe South, where' violence and! law lessness had full sway, the question, to be decided by tbe President was. simply this ; Shall, the people at the South be held under military rule until Congress ahall act upon tv , ,t -';. . j be taken by the executive to restore to them civil govern meat f .After mature considera- lion, the f resident conciuaeu h ip ve ui duty to adopt the latter course, and I am satisfied that injdoing so he has acted wise ly.; Military rule will net be in demand by the people of the United States one mo ment longer than there is an absolute ne cessity for it. Such an army as would have been requisite for tbe government of the people of the South, as a subjugated peo . . ... . . i l ple, until Congress might prescribe the terms on which they could be restored to the Union, would have been too severe a strain upon our Republican institutions, and too expensive for tbe present condition of the Treasurj. The President ha there fore gone to work to restore the Union by. the use, from the necessity of tbe case, of a portion of those who have been recently in arms to overthrow it. the southern people can be trusted. The experiment may be regarded as a dangerous one, but it will be proved. I ap prehend, to have been a judicious one. Never were a people so disgusted with the work of Iheir own hands as were the great mass of the people of the South (even be fore tbe collapse of the rebellion) with the government which was' attempted to be set op by the overthrow of the government of their forefathers. Never were a people so completely subjugated as tbe people of the rebel states. I have met a great many of those whom the Pre&ident is using in his restoration policy, and they have impressed me most favorably. I believe them to be bon iest in taking the amnesty oath and in their pledges of fidelity to the Constitution and to tbe Union. Slavery has perished this all acknowledge and with it has gone down the doctrine of secession. Sinte sovereignly bad been discussed in Congress, before courts, in the public journals, and among the people,' and at last, "When madness ruled the hour," this vexed question was submitted to the final arbitrament of the sword. The question, as all admitj has been fairly and definitely decided, and from ihia decision- of the sword there will be no appeal. It. is undoubtedly, true that 'the men of the South feel sore at the result, but they accept the situation and are preparing for the chances which the war has produced ic their domestic institutions with an alacri ty and an exhibition of good feeling which has, I confess, surprised as it has gratified me. : ' KECRO SUFFRAGE. In the work of restoration the Presideul has aimed to do only that which was ne- cesaary to be done, exercising only that power which could be properly exercised , under tbe Constitution, wbicb guarantees to j every state a republican form of government, i Regarding slavery as having perished in the rebellious states, eilherby the proclama tion of bis predecessor, or by the result f the war, and determining that no rebel who had not purged himself of his treason should hae any part in the restoration of the civil governments which he is aiding to establish, he has not considered it within tbe scope of his authority to go further and enfranchise the negro. For this he is censured by many true men at the North and a few extreme men at tbe South, tat lhavc no dovbtthat he will be tv stained by the people and that the result will vindicate the wisdom of his course. NO HASTY PARDONS FOR THB LEADERS OF THE REBELLION. ' But while the President is inclined to treat with kindness, and to trust those, who under mistaken notions in regard to the character of the government, joined in the rebellion, but not until (after a struggle on their part to prevent it) the states lo which they be longed bad passed the ordinance of seces sion and the United States was unable to extend to them that protection to which tbey were entitled there - is no roan who holds ia greater abhorence than he does tbe crime of treason, or tbe infaJiousvcoun. drels who systematically and deliberately tarved and poisoned our soldier in prison. To tbe plotters of the rebellion there will be, I apprehend, do hasty pardons; lo the mur derers of our gallant soldiers no mercy. - i '' THE COOKTBT'a. FINANCES. And now a word in regard to oar finances You know that I did not, seak, as I did not expect to be, Secretary of tbe Treasury. To thia fact I attribute in a great degree tbe good feeling and indulgence tbat have been manifested toward me ia the very trying and responsible position I occupy. 1 accept ed the office of Secretary of the Treasury with great distrust ol my ability to meet the public expectation, but with a sincere desire to so conduct tbe affairs of this great depart ment a to aid in restoring the credit of the government which had' been damaged by the greatness of the public debt, and ibe un certainty in regard to the duration, if not to the result of the war, and in bringing up tbe obligation of the government to the specie standard..-, . . . - - . IRREDEXMABLX CURRERCY All EVIL. - I am cot one of those who seem disposed to repudiate coin as a measure ol value, and to. make . a secured paper ; currency the standard.. On the contrary, 1 belong to tbat class of persons, who, regarding an ex clusive metalic currency as an impracticable thing among an enterprising and commer cial people, nevertheless look upon an irre deemable, currency a an evil which circum stance may for .a. time., render a neces sity, but is never to be sustained as a policy. By common consent bl the , balions, gold and silver are the only true measure of value. They are the necessary regulators of trade. I have myself no more doubt that these met als were prepared by thaAlmishty, for coal were prepared for the purposes for which they are being used. I favor a well secured convertible , paper currency. No other can to any extent be a proper substi tute for coin. Of course it is not expected that :here shbll be a dollar in coin to reserve for every dollar of paper in circulation This is net necessary. For all ordinary home transactions a paper currency is sufficient, :but there are constantly occurring period when balances between countries, and in the United Stales between its different in section, must be settled by coin. These balancea are insignificant in amount, com parison with the transactions out of which they arise, and when a vicious system of credils does not loo long postpone settle ments, tbey are arranged,, without disturb ing movements of coin.? Whenever specie is needed for such a purpose, or for any other purpose, tbe paper currency of the country should be convertible into it, and a circulation which is not so convertible will not be, and ought not long to be, tolerated by the people. The present inconvertible currency of the United States was a necessi ty of tbe war, but now that the war has ceased, and the government ought not to be longer a borrower, this currency should be brought up lo tbe specie standard, and I see no way of doing this but by withdrawing a portion of it from circulation. the business or thb country in an un healthy STATE. 1 bave no faith, sir, in a prosperity which is theeflectofa depreciated currency nor can I see any safe path for us to tread but that which leads to specie payment. The extreme high prices which now pre vail in the Uoited States is an unerring in dication that the business of the couutry is in an unhealthy condition. We are meas uring values by a false standard. We have a circulating medium altogether larger than ' is needed for legitimate business the ex- cess is used in speculations. Tbe Uuited j Slates are to-day the best market in tbe i world lor foreigners to sell in, and among j the poorest to buy in. The consequence is, j that Europe is selling us more than she buys of us (including our securities, which ought j not lo go abroad,) and there is a debt rolling ; up against us that most be settled, in part ! at least, with coin. Tbe longer the inflation continues the more difficult will it be lor us lo get back to the solid ground of specie payments, to which we must return rooner or later. If Congress shall, early in the sp proacbing session, authorize tbe funding of legal tenders, and the work of a reduction is commenced and carried on resolutely but ! carefully and prudently, we will reach probably without serious embarrassment to legitimate business; if not we shall bave a brief period of hollow and seductive pros- perity, resulting in widespread bankruptcy and disaster. There are other objections to the present inflation. It is, 1 fear, corrupt ing the public morals. Ii is converting the business of the country into gambling, and seriously diminishing the labor of the coun try. This is always the effect of excessive 'circulation. The kind of gambling which it produces is not confined to the stock and produce boards, where the very terms which are used by the operators indicate the nature of tbe transactions, but it is spreading through our towns and into the rnral districts. .Men are apparently getting rich while morality languishes and . the productive industry of the country is being diminished. Good morals in business, and sober, persevering industry, if not at a dis count, are considered too o'd fogyish for the present times. But I feel (hat this is not the occasion for croaking, and perhaps I ought to appologize for the train of remarks into which I bave been led. Whatever financial troubles may be before os, Fort Wayne will suffer a little from them as any other city in the country. Good financial seed was sown here at ao early day. If property is high, there are no incumberances upon it. II expensive buildings are being erected, the owners are . not indebted for them. Business is done here on the cash principle. Our merchants generally buy for cash and sell for cash. We shall doubtless wake op some fine morning aud find our property worth apparently a good deal less than at present, but ii we have no debt to pay in a dearer currency than that in which they were contracted, we shall have little to fear from any crisis ihat may occur. . WISE LEGISLATION NECESSARY. ; But, while I feel anxious about the pres ent inflation, and its effects upon the busi ness and moraU of the country, I am hopeful tbat, by wise legislation, we shall escape a financial collapse, and I am confident that a grand future is before tbe United States. I am hopeful that the currency may be brought up to the specie standard without those financial ' troubles which have in all countries followed protracted and expensive wars. By the experience of the past four years, we are led to tbe conclusion tbat our people have1 a "latent power that always manifests itself when required, and is equal to any emergency. I bave faith, sir, that as we have, to the astonishment of the world, raised immense armies, larger, I ap prehend, than any single nation ever brought into the field, and met the enormous ex penses of the war. without borrowing from other nations, we sball also be able, with out a' financial crisis, to fund our surplus currency and interest bearing ' notes, bring back tbe business to a specie standard, aud place the credit of ibe country on the most stable and satisfactory basis. - If we do this, we hall accomplish what tbe soundest thinker in Europe have considered aa im- United Stales, occupying the grandest conn try in the world, could accomplish. But should we be disappointed in these hopeful expectations ;. should no early check be pol upon the issues of paper money ; should prices Mill further advance, and speculation be still lurther stimulated and the result thereof be extensive bankruptcy, depres sion, anJ hard limes, the grand destiny of this country and this government will not be affected The United Slates occupy the best portion of the temperate zone of a con tinent, stretching out i s arms to Europe on the one side, and Asia on the other, and producing all articles necessary for the sub sistence and comfort of the race. If cotton be king, he is, thank God, enthroned again ; it bread be king, where should his capital be but in this great valjey of tie Mississip pi ? This nation has within itself every thing that is needed to make it the greatest among tbe family of nations. Coal and iron in juxtaposition and inexhaustible sup ply. Mountains and valleys rich enough in gold and silver to furnish ihe world, for all time, with what may be needed for circula tion and oiber uses. Copper and lead and other minerals in no less abundance. A soil of wonderfof fertility, a -climate salubrious and diversified, and, above all, republican institutions, and an energetic and again united people. CAPITAL AHD LABOR IN THE SOUTH. We have, it is true, sir, difficult questions growing out of the war yet to be settled, but I have an abiding confidence that they will be settled as tbey come up for settlementin such manner as will strengthen the Union, and adJ lo our national renown. The labor quettiori at the South is one of those ques tions but if there b no outside interference, it will not,' L apprehend, be a very difficult one; on the contrary, it is quite likely to be a self-adjusting one. The planter needs the labor ol his former slaves, and the high price which Southern products will com mand for years lo come will enable him to pay liberally tor it. Tbe colored people will soon learn that freedom from slavery does not mean freedom from work. The interests of the two races will not be antag onistic: Tne whites will need the labor of the blacks and the blacks will need employ ment. There is as much danger to be ap prehended from the unwillingness of the lat ter lo labor tor a support as from an indis position on the part of (he former to pay fair wages. Like all other economical ques tions, it will be settled by the necessities acd interests of the parties. Fortuaaieiy for tbe solution of this question, and ibe well-being of laboring men generally, capi tal is not supreme in the United Slates. It does not, as in most other countries, hold labor under its control, and dole out to it just such remuneration only as will make it most productive. Labor is a power in this free country, , with its cheap lands, which are within the reach of all industri ous men, and dictates terms to capital There is no part of ihe world where labor is more needed than in the Southern Slates, nor where it will soon command better prices. This tabor question at the Sooth will, I doubt not, be satisfactorily arranged in doe time, for the best interests of all con cerned. But I bave trespassed loo long upon your lime. Accept, again, my thanks for your courtesy, and for the attention you have given to my desultory remarks. Ira train moving at the rale of twenty five miles an hour were stopped instant ly, the passengers wonld experience a con cussion equal lo that of a body falling Irom tbe bight of nineteen feet ; they would be burled against the sides of the carriage with a force equal to that which they would be exposed to in Sailing from a window en the second floor of the house. .If the train were moving at the rate of thirty miles per hour, they might an well fall from a bight ol three pairs of stairs; and aa express train, would, in point of lact make them fall from a fourth story. Instantaneous breaks are therefore to be avoided, if possible. Charley W , a manly little fellow of five years, felt and cut his upper lip so badly that a surgeon had to be semmoned lo sew up the wound. He sat in his mother's lap during the operation pale, but Yery quiet, resolutely shutting back his tears aud moans. In her distress, the young mother could not refrain from saying "Ob, doctor, 1 fear it will leave a disfigured scar," Charley looks ed tip in her tearful face and said, in a com forting tone "Never mind mamma, my mouitache will cover ii !" " The self-styled "Union party" is the only one that is now openly opposed to- the President, the Government' and the Uuioa ! Thaddeos Stevens, the President of tbe "Union Convention," declared, but a few days ago, that tbe Uoion "mutt not be restored or a while, because the triumph ol the Democracy would be inevitable." A Methodist and a Quaker having stop ped at a public house agree to sleep in the same bed. The Methodist knelt 'down prayed fervently, and confessed a long cata logue of sins. After he rose (be Quaker ob served. "Really, friend, if thou art aa bad as thou sayesi thou - art, I think I dare not sleep with tbee.'; - , , , ' . -' ' A piece of petrified . wood, full of nail, ha been found ia California. The query is who drove the nails ia .the wood K The Indians who inhabit the. couutry have no idea of. working ia iron. Perhaps it 1 a i rtaa nr(na LJ?oLrr.hjiTJtta-l Monntaineering. - So great an abundance ot material Tor study and thought is there in the Alps," in the geological, vegitable, and animal worlds, that it would well occupy a life of observa tion and reading. On the glaciers alone a whole literature, a whole branch of science has been bestowed. As ever moving and changing sgeuts of vast geologic movements, they possess an interest which perhaps no other natural force but volcanoes affords.' i . . . i And whereas volcanoes are singularly cap- ricious,and bear hardly any personal exam- ination, glaciers are, of all the mundane for ces, among the most constant and the most accessible. There is something about ibe ambigoous character of glaciers half solid, half fluid thai is very lancinating.' There is something so difficult to gra-p in the scan ol huge tracts of earth, a broad and lofty, perhaps, as one of our English moun tain ranges, yet heaving and working with all ihe ceaetess life of an ocean. To ihe ex perienced obnerver the glacier seems to have its waves, its tide, and its currents, like a sea, both on its surface and down to its basin. In no other mode can be watch ed the heaving of th earth's crest visibly, and the machinery of geologic change in actual operation. And it is this union of vast extent with movement ol force and vitality which makes the study of ihe gla cier so ever fresh and so impressive to the merest scrambler as lo the man of science. Glaciers, as is well known, from but ope branch of the Alpine studies. The animal branch is naturally the least abundant in material, but in that it possesses the mark of speciality, as retaining yet in the midst of Europe some traces of long bygone a.iimal eras. Bui the vegitation at once affords the matter for first-rate investigation. If oiber spottf in the world offer more extraordinary types, there are perhaps no regions in Eu rope where, :n so small an area.sucb a vary ing series of climates and consequently of plants can be seen. But quite aparl Irom the richness or beauty of its flora or it fau na, an Alp offers a peculiar character to all observation. Tbe conditions under which both exist are, for the most part, ao special that both fill the least observant with new suggestions. There is a poetry and a pathos in an Alpine rose or gentian, as we see it tbe sole organic thing amid vast inorganic masses, tbe sole link of life between ns and the most gigantic forms of matter. At home, the brightest of birds or insets scarcely awakens a thought in a summer's walk, but J a stout man's heart and even eye may be j softened by the sight but of a poor stranded bee, blown lonh and shipwrecked amid those pitiless solitudes. In all the aerostatic phenomena, the Alps, as is well known, take tbe first rank as the j observatories of science. It is difficult for I the student lo fail of uew ideas ia their , midst as for the most heedless tourist to fail to learn something. The great physical for ' ces form there the very conditions of exit . tence. Tbe veriest scrambles gets to record something of atmophereic facts audebang , es. And here it is but fair to say that Al pine climbers in general, and tbe Alpine , club in particular, have given a very ueefol impulse to popular science, and even ia some cases to science proper. . It is simply j ridiculous to suggest tbat most of them climb with any scientific purpose, any more thaa men bunt to improve ibe breed of borses. But it is the special value of Alpine climb ing that it combines a great variety ot ob jects.' And whereas some men pursue it for health, for exercise, Tor mere adventure or enjoyment, (or the wonderful exhileration it affords, lor the poetry, for tbe solemnity and the parity ol the emotion it awakens, some find there the richest field lor their se rious labors, and nearly all find loo much that gives matter lor profitable thought Indeed a ground which, if to many it is but one of recreation and rest, has been the scene of the studies ot the Saussores, the Agasslze, tbe Reaumonts, the Forbeses, tbe Tyndals, the Huxleys, the Tschndis, the Studrs,the Berlepschs, must be one which has equal promise lor every mind acd every character. But it is not, after all, as being rich in sci ence, nor simply as being lovely in scenery that the Alps are chiefly marked. ' It is more that they form as it were an epitome of earth, and place before us, in tbe range ef a summer day's walk, every form of nat ural object and production ia the most strik ing and immediate contrast. Within a few hours after leaving the most terrible forms of ruin, desolation, and solitude, where no life is found, and man can remain but for a lew hours, the traveler is in the midst of all the luxuriant loveliness ol Italian valleys, and lakes, basking in an almost tropical beat, surrounded by the most delicate flow ers, ferns, aud shrubs, and charmed into, mere rest by evervarid landscapes, softer and more fairy like than Turner ever drew. Indeed,' after some weeks ol rough work . amid the glaciers, it is immpossible to resist the emotion of grateful delight with which, one recognizes the overflowing richness of this earth amid ihe sights, the sounds, the perfumes, and the myriad sensations cf pleasure with which life on the Italian lakes is fall. No one can taste these wholly, who has not botoe the heat and burden of the day, the toil and cold of tbe Alpiue regions. Then only is one able to see the glory and profusion of nature as a whole, and to con ceive ia one act of thought, and feel but ast one manifold sensation, all tbit she has most, beautiful,' from the artic zoue to the tropics., n uinunsicr neview.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers