The star of the north., May 20, 1857, Image 1

■■■' r
THE STAR OF THE NORTH.
B. W. M eaTeT, Proprietor.]
VOLUME 9
THE STAR OF THE NORTH
IS PI'DLISIIKt) EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING BY
K. W. WEAVER,
OFFICE— ITp stairs, in tke new brick build
ing, o the south suit oj Main Street, third
square below Market. f
EII HI Sf: —Two Dollars per annum, if
paid within six months from the lime of sub
scribing ; two dollars arid fifty cents if not
paid within the year. No subscript-ion re
ceived Tor a less period than six months; no
discontinuance permitted until all arrearages
are paid, unless at the option of the editor.
Advertisements tret exceeding one square
Will be inseried three times for One Dollar,
and twenty five cents for eacb additional in-"
senior). A liberal discount will be made to
those who advertise by the year.
l£ 1) oi i c }J o c tr n.
TIIE GIKL W ll'U TUE CALICO Dll ENS
BY ROBEIIT JOSSELIN.
A fig for your upper-ten girls,
With their velvets and salinß and laces,
Their diamonds and rubies and pearls,
And" their milliner figures and tacee ;
They may shine at a party or ball,
Emblazoned with half they possess,
But give me in place ol them all,
My girl with the calico dress.
She is plump as a partridge, and fair
As the rose in its earliest Wfom,
Her teeth will with ivory compare.
And her breath with the clover perfume.
Her step is as free and as light
As the fawn's whom the burners liarJ press,
And her eye is as soft and as bright,
My girl with the calico dress.
Your dandies and foplingr may sneer,
At her simple and modest attire,
lint the charms she permits to appear,
Would-set a whole iceburg on lire.
She can dance, but she never allows
The bugging, the squeeze and caress,
She is saving all these for her spouse,
My girl with the calico dress.
She is oheerful, warm-hearted and true,
And kind to tier father and mother,
She studies bow much she can do
For her sweet little sisters and brother.
If you want u companion lor life,
To comfort, enliven and bless,
She is just the right sort for a wife,
My gul with the calico dress.
MY EARLY LOVE.
It was an ardent boyish love,
That fuded out as life grew older,
My heart flew to her like a dove,
And lighted on her beauteous shoulder.
Or sipped the honey of her lips,
Or in her eyes found heavenly graces,
I loved her lo her linger tips—
t loved l*cr very loot-print traces.
Her features wore a rapturous charm,
Her smile made VII within me flutter,
A rounded beauty was Iter arm,
Her little hand was fat as butter.
No wonder that I loved her so,
But she was fulse as she was pretty,
And soon she sacked.her little beau,
And took a big one (torn the city.
I caught him out one gloomy night—
'Twas one ol love's extiemest phases—
I aggravated him to fight,
But oh, he larrupotf me like blazes!
fU i6ce 11 n ti e ou a .
GOOD DOCTIUNK.—Havo you enemies? Co
straight in ami mind ihem not. If 'hey block
up your path, walk around then;, regardless
of their spite. A man who has no enemies
is seldom good for anything—ha is made of
itiai kin l ! ur uiateiiul nleu is so easily
worked that every one has a hand in it. A
sterling character—one who thinks for him
self and speaks what ha thinks, is ulvvaye
sure to have enemies, 'l'ney are as neces
sary to him as fresh air; they keep him alive
and active. A celebrated character, who
was surrounded by enemies used to remark,
"They ate spaiks, which, if you do not blow,
they will go out of themselves." Let this
be your feeling while endeavoring to live
down the scandal of those who are bitter
against you. If you stop to dispute, you do
but as they desire, and open the way for
more abuse. Let the poor fellows talk; there
will be a reaction, if you perform but your
duty, and hundreds who were once alienated
from you will flock to you and acknowledge
their ertor. - I
How WIND PHODUCEB COLDS.—Wind pro
duces cold in several ways. The act of blow
ing implies the descent upon and motion
over the eaith, of colder air, to occupy the
room of that which it displaces. It also in
cteases the evaporation of moisture from the
earth, and thus conveys away considerable
lisat. This increased evaporation, and the
mixture of warm and cold air, usually pro
duce a condensation of vapors in the atmos
phere; hence the formation of clouds, and
the consequent detention of the heat brought
by the rays of the sun. And whenever the
air in motion is colder than the earth, or any
bodies with which it comes in contact, a
portion of their beat is imparted to the air.
WET CLOTHES. —Neglect of changing their
clothes, when wet, is a great source of dis
order among men. To lemain in wet clothes
when the body is at rest, subjects the person
who is so imprudent to (he united bad effects
of cold and moisture. Much worse conse
quences, however, may be expected, when
(hey are heated by labor and lie down to
sleep, as people often do in their wet clothes.
The diminished force of the circulation and
other powers of life, which always take
place doting sleep, causes the bad effects of
cold to operate with much greater danger to
health and life.
CP" Few persons care to wako at night
and to i'oel a largo spider crawling over their
laces. Yet many will carry a favorito vico
in their hearts without fueling tho least
alarm.
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY. PA., WEDNESDAY. MAY 20. 1857.
INTERESTING LEGAL DECISION.
In Ike Quarter Sessions of Chester County
Jacob Fox was recently tried for assault and
battery under such circumstances as made
the c*so of general interest. The case grew
out of the great snow storm of last January,
and defines the rights and responsibilities of
land owners, supervisors and the travelling
public in cases of a temporary obstruction
of the public highway. The following is tho
charge of Judge Haines :
This case presents peculiar circumstances
for the consideration of the Court and Jury.
On the 17th and !Bih days of January last,
a snow storm began and continued, which,
in many places, rendered tire publio high
ways utterly impassable. The public pass
ages were filled, the teuces in numerous in
stances were thrown down, and the travel,
leaving the publio thoroughfares, look to the
fields and enclosures of private individuals.
Among other instances of the kind hero men
tioned, was one in Upper Oxford in this
county, along and through the land of the
Defendant. Here, for the distance of some
half a mile, the public highway wus filled to
the depth of six feel, rendered utterly im
passable,—and the fences of the defendant
were thrown down, his enclosures laid open,
and his fields were traveled over by the pub
lic. How long this state of things continued
is not definitely settled, but a day or two be
fore the time of the conflict between these
parlies, Mr. Fox having collected a large
number ol men, commenced to open the
road along tho line of his property, and suc
ceeded in making a passage of six feet wide
through tho snow embankment here noticed.'
He also put up his lence to prevent the travel
across his fields, and to turn it again into its
proper channel. Matters stood in this way
until lite 30th day of January last, when the
prosecutor, Joseph P. Walton, drove tipjio the
mouth of the opening in tho snow, with his
wife and child in a sleigh. At the lime of
his arrival, "the canal," as it has been called,
was filled with a drove of cattle, with sleighs
impeded in their passage, and with a broken
sled, and remained lor the spaco of half an
hour in that condition. 1 mention this fact,
not because the rights of patties were affect
ed thereby, for these impediments would not
give to Mr. Walton any rights over the prop
erty of Mr. Fox,—but to inform you that, in
the opinion of lite Court, they do not alter
the question lo' be determined. Whether
they had an effect upon the mind of Mr.
Walton, determining him lo parsist in going
through the field, may be a matter of more
doubt. Having determined to cross the en
closures of the defendant, Mr. Walton, with
tho assistance of Mr. lloss, proceeded lo pull
down the fence. At that moment, Mr. Fox,
who had previously shouted at them, arrived
will a shovel in his hand, attd stationed
himself in tho breach they hud made, and
bade them not to attempt to enter. Mr.
Walton bad his horse by the head, and was
in the act of leading him into the opening,
when Mr. Fox struck the horse on the head,
and Mr. Walton thereupon desisted from his
atternpl lo enter the close of the defendant.
I do nol mean to speak of the evidence on
this point—il is somewhat contradictory—
and it is your duty, not mine, to examine
and to weigh it.
| The parlies having met as I have stated,
! the one determined to enter the grounds of
J lha ilofoodant, an J tho other lesotvC't to pre
j vent the entry—it becomes necessary to ex
' amino the rights of the prosecutor and de
| fendant, and the principles of law which
! should rule the issue according to Hie evi
dence. I will not examine in regard to the
j assault and battery. You have heard itcom
j mooted upon at the bar, and it is enough for
! tr.e to say that if the evidence of the prose
| cutor is believed, an assault and battery is
sufficiently proved, unless the rights of the
I defendant justify it. What, then, wero the
j rights of those individuals? By the Act of
the Ceneral Assembly of this Common
wealth, passed 13th day of June, 1830, the
supervisors of the different townships have
large and important duties imposed upon
them, and is therein provided that "Public
roads and highways laid out, approved and
entered of record, shall, as soon as may be
practicable, be effectually opened, and con
stantly kept in repair, and all public roads or
highways, made or to be made, shall, at all
seasons, be kept clear of all impediments to
easy and convenient passing and travelling,
at Hie expense of the respective township
as the law directs." It will be seen by this
provision, that the supervisors of lite town
ship of Upper Oxford were, on this occasion
alluded to, neglectful of their duties, and if
complained of, would have been punished in
the Court of Quarter Sessions of the county,
for gross neglect of their official duties.—
They should have removed, at the earliest
possible moment, all tho impediments in the
public highways, and have made the differ
ent passages easy and convenient. They
neglected to perforin the duties assigned
them, and this prosecution is the result of
that neglect. The rights of the parties, how
ever, are not affected by the misfeasance of
the supervisors, and it still remains for us to
examine these rights. I meet this case, with
the more pleasure, inasmuch as public opin
■ou is unsettled on the subject, and erroneous
views are entertained as to the right involved
in the issue.
The right of Mr. Fox to the peaceable and
uninterrupted enjoyment of his possessions,
is the same as that of every individual in the
State. No man can molest him, in his houses
or lands, without becoming at once a trespas
ser, and liable to the punishment duo to
such offences. The lw evon gives him the
right to oppeso the trespasser, and to eject
bim from bis premises, and authorizes the
exerciso of sufßcienl force for Itial purpose. |
If Mr. Fox, standing on his own ground, Irad j
seen Mr. Walton wantonly tear down his j
fence, open a pa*sge, and tnake an attempt i
to euler his enclosure, he would have had j
the right to resist that attempt, with a lorce j
sufficient to prevent it. This is the law in ;
relation to the rights of property, and no
prosecution for an assault, or an assault and
battery, could be maintained against the
owner or possessor of land under such cir
cumstance. There are, however, occasions
when private rights are required'to give way
to large public interests. No man is securo
m his possessions against tho right, coupled
with the necessity of the public to make
roada or highways, through ar.d over the
1 premises. He holds his lee-simple title to
Ills real estate, subject to the over-ruling right
of the public in cases ol absolute necessity
for the public welfare. In cases of impera
tive necessity—as in the march ol an army
to repel a foe—in the progress of the civil
force of a country to suppress a dangerous
mob—in tho risk of the citizens to assist in
extinguishing a spteading lire—no one, 1
presume, will doubt thai the exigency of the
public interest would override private rights,
and would authorize, where the highway was
rendered impassable, the pullhig down of
fences, and entering of enclosures, even
against the command of the owner of the
premises. It is indeed a question of nicer
balance to say, whether the ordinary public
business of tho community, will justify a
simple invasion of private rights under sim
ilar circumstances of impassable highways.
A careful examination of the principles of
law applicable to such cases, together with a
refeieuce to decisions bearing on the subject,
has induced me to answer in the affirmative.
I am of the opinion, and lay it down as the
law, that where a public highway is wholly
impassable, as in lire case of the storm in
January last, the citizens l.ave tho right to
enter an adjoining clo.e and make therein a
temporary way, for the transaction of the or
dinary business of tho community. This
opinion is sustained by docisions of the En
glish Courts so long back as the second
Charles, and coming up to a recent period.—
In one caso I have before me, it is stated
that "if a way bo so foul as is not passable,
I may then justify the going over another
man's close next adjoining." In a treatise
on the obstruction of highways found in the
Law Library, it is said, "With respect to a
1 highway, it seems to be quite clear that if j
"there be any obstruction, the passengers
"may go over tho adjoining land. They may
"remove any illegal, improper, or inconveni
"ent interruption, but if the ordinary track
"be so dangerous as to compel them to leavo
"the road, they may go extra viiim, passing
"as nearly to tho original way as possible."
Lord Mansfield, in the case of Taylor vs.
Whitehead, after speaking of private tvays,
lays down the same principle in these words:
"Highways are governed by a different prin
ciple. They are lor the public service, and
"if the usual track is impassable, il is for the
"general good that people should be entitled
"to pass ill another line." These decisions
have never been overruled, ft is unfortun
ate, perhaps, that the Supreme Court of this
State, when the question was fairly before
them, in the ease of Holdeu vs. Cole, did
nol definitely determine the rights of parties
in relation to '.his issue; but in that case it is
quite clear they decided nothing adverse to
the principle above laid down. Il was there
determined, as it has been by repeated de
cisions in this State, that where supervisors
have opened a road or highway, even upon
ground where il was not located, they have
no authority to re-locate it, in oider to place
it on what might be supposed its recorded
sife. "The authority," says the court, "un
"der an order to open, is exhaus'.ed by the
"action of those to whom it is directed, and
"cannot be resumed. The road once laid
"eantiol be altered except by a new and an
"original proceeding according to the road
"law." The court further say that the super
visors have no authority even on the ground
of sudden necessity, to open a route for the
public, through private property, till a road
can be regulaily laid out; but they refuse to
aver that the rights of individuals are restrain
ed ill the same manner. On the contrary,
where the Judge below expressed tho opinion
in his charge to the Jury, that where a public
road should become impassable, the owner
of the land adjoining would have to submit
to temporary inconvenience, for the benefit
of the public, the Supreme Court simply
withhold their opinion on the point, without
any disaffirmance of the decision belo.v.
You will see, from these observations,
that had the road in question been blocked
tip when this controversy occurred, in the
way it was left by the storm of the 18th of
January, Mr. Wilson would have had the
right to pull down the fence of Mr. Fox and
to have entered the close to pass round the
obstruction in the highway. Enjoying this
right as a case of necessity, Mr. Fox could
r.o; legally have intercepted him, and would
have been guilty of an assault and battery if
he had used force 'o prevent him. The abso
lute necessity of the case would havo chang
ed the rights of the parties, flere, however,
the case assumes a new aspect. Mr. Fox
had been laboring to open the road for sev
eral days, and had succeeded in cutting a
passage through the snow bank, through
which several sleighs had passed when Air.
Walton arrived. The temporary blocking up
of the wov was thus opened, by a broken slod,
and by a drove of cattle, at tbo atrivai of the
prosecutor, did not auihorizo him to tear
down the fence and forco a way through the
defendant, if the road was then otherwise
passable. He might havo wailed and did
wait, till those who then occupied the pas-
Truth and Right God and our Country*
sage had gotten through; attd ho tvou'ld rtfft I
have been justified in tearing down the fence
of the defendant on that account. The ques-1
tiOn will then present itself to you for deter
mination. Was that place passable or was
it noil You will remember that it is not ev
ary impediment hi a road—every gutter which
an unskilful driver cannot avoid—that will
give him the right to enter on the adjoining
land. There must been actual necessity lor
the safety of travellers, before the right to
enter an enclosure attaches. If this necessity
existed at that place, from the character of
the public thoroughlare, then Mr. Walton
had the right lo tear down the fence and
make a passage for himself, on the land of
Mr. Fox. If no uecessity existed, : he had
no tight on the ground of the defendant.
Admitting, however, that ML Wakon had
no right to enter the close of tie defendant,
a question has been raised, whether Mr.
Fox did not use more force thin was neces
sary to repel him ! This, also, ie a question
for you. The law on (his point is—a man
may justify an assault and batwry in defence
of his lands or goods. I'nlesi the trespass
is accompanied with violence, the owner ol
the laud will not be justified in assaulting the
trespasser in the first plaee, but should re
quest him to depart, and, if he refuses,
should gently lay hands on him, and, if he
resist, force may be used to expel him. It
will be for the Jury to say—other circum
stances not interfering—whether tho tearing
down of the fence was or was not such an
act of violence as would justify the force
used by the defendant.
These observations have been thrown to
gether in the course of tiro trial and are not
in such form as a revisal might give (hem;
but tbey contain the principles of law appli
cable to the case, leaving lo your judgment
the application of the lacts and the determi
nation of the guilt or iunuccuce ol Iho de
fendant.
Tlie Jury in thiscaso rendered a verdict in
favor ol ihe defendant and directed the pros
ecutor to <>ay the costs.
A Fpclidthiill Election.
A Loudon correspondent of tbc National
Intelligencer, alluding to lite recent elections
throughout Great Hritain, says that a great
improvement hag taken placo within the last j
half century. He says that in 1768, a contest ;
tonk place which was known as the spend- I
thrift election. The polling lasted for fourteen -
days, and the candidates were Lord Halifax, i
Northampton and Spencer. In proof of the I
corruption, it is recorded that, though the I
number of real electors did not exceed 930, I
no fewer than 1149 persons voted. Tho al- '
most princely mansions of Norton, Castle-
Ashby, and Althtope, were thrown open to
all voters, and when tho cellars at Norton j
wore drained of ull the old port, and Lord
Halifax had to place his claret beloie iheca- j
rout ers, they declared they would never vote !
for a man who gave them sour port, and went i
over in a body to Lord Northampton al Castle- j
Ashby ! The election was referred to a scru- j
liny of the House of Commons; the inquiry
lasted for six- weeks, during which sixty cov
ers were daily laid at Spencer House for
members, whose names were taken down
each day. It resulted ill the number of voles
being declared equal, and was finally decided
by a toss—Lord tSpencer winning and nomi
nating the member. The election cost Lord
Spencer £IOO,OOO, and each ol the other lords
£150,000 —almost incredible sums, when
they are doubled, to express l heir present val
ue; about $4,000,000, representing the total
expenditures in money of this day ! Lord
Halifax never recovered (he blow. Lord
Northampton cut down his trees, sold his fur
niture, and went abroad for the rest of bis
life, dying in Switzerland. There isa sealed
box at Castle-Ashby marked "Election Pa
pen," which no one of the present genera-1
lion has had the courage to open. This, we j
are aware, is an extreme case; but we have j
known others which have approached it even
since 1800.
The Last Kul Tulc
J A gentleman on the flay informed us yes
i terday that in order to destroy the number of
rats on his premises, be was in the habit of
placing a tempting bailjn tbe yard, and on
seeing agood crowd of "varmints" around
it, would shoot them down from a convenient
spot. As the rats began to get shy of the
j common bait, bo procured a flask of sweet
almond oil, and buried it in a hole in the yard,
with only the mouth uncorked above the lev
el. The rats could not resist the templing
flavor of tbe oil, so they came with a great
rush, and not a few fared badly.
Yesterday morniog the gentleman saw two
patriarchal looking rats cogitating over the
oil flask, bow to get a taste of the luscous ar
ticle within.
After examining all around, one of them
brightened up with an idea. Ue inserted his
long tail into the oil flask, and when it was
well moistened with (ho sweet oil, drew it out
and permitted his friend to lick it.
On the principle that one good turn deserves
another, rat number two inserted his dorsal
elongation into the oil flask, and allowed rat
number one to enjoy the feast. This in-tailing
process was kept amicably for some time,
till rat number two, who was evidently a
gourmand, instead of couGuing himself to
licking his friend's caudal appendage, actu
ally bit! " Wherottpott,'' to use our inform
ant's language, "they had a fight, sir, such
as has not been equalled since that of Tom
Hyer and Yankee fjullivan."— Savannah
Georgian.
CF Prido breakfasted with Plenty, dinod
with Poverty, and sttppod with Infamy.
A NOVUL TIIfcOKY.
SUM FLOWERS AS A PKEVENHVE OF AGUE.
Lieut. Maury, in an article 'ooflrtnutviealed
to the Rural New Yorker, maintains that the
growing of sun (lowers around a dwelling
located near a fever and ague region, neu
tralizes the miasma in which that disease
originates. He was led to make an experi
ment by tho following circumstances:
The dwelling of the Superintendent of tho
Observatory at Washington, is situated on a
hill, on the left bank of tho Potomac, in lat.
38" 39' 53''. It is 94 feel above low "Water
matk, and about 400 yards from the rivor.—
The grounds pertaining to it, about 17 acres,
are enclosed by u wall on the blast,South and
West, and with a picket fence on the North.
The South and West walls run parallel with
the river, the Cliesapeuke and Ohio Canal,
and a row of sycamores, of some 20 yoars
growth, separating the wall from the river.
I In fact, the river, with its marshes, encircles
! about half of the grounds. The house is, I
therefore, in tho bend of the river, anJ the
place is so unhealthy that the family of the
Superintendent are compelled to vacate it
five months out of lite twelve, the mar.-hes
being covered with a rank growth of grass
and weeds, which begin to decay curly in
August. A knowledge of these facts led
Lieut. Maury's mind to the following process
of reasoning:
"if it s jo ttro decay of the vegetable matter
on the marshes that produces '.lie sickness
on the hill, then the sickr.ess must be owing
to the deleterious effect of some gu, miasma
or diluvium, (hut is set free during the de
composition, and if so, the poisonous matter,
or the basis of it, whatever it be, must have
been elaborated during the growth of rhe
weeds, and set free in their decay. Now, if
this reasoning be good, why might we nol,
by planting other vegetable matter between
us and the marshes, and by bringing il into
vigorous growth just about the time that that
of the marshes begins to decay, bring Iresb
forces to the vegetable kingdom again to play
upon this poisonous matter, and elaborate it
again into vegetable tissue, and sopurily the
air?
j "This reasoning appeared plausible enough
| to justify the trouble and expense of export
| metit, and I was encouraged to expeet more
lor h'ss success from it, in the circumstance
: that everybody said, 'plant trees between
J you and the marshes—they will keep off the
j chills.' Rut as to the trees, it so happens
I that at the very time when the decottttposition
| ott the marshes is going on most rapidly, the
| trees, for ihe moat part, have stopped their
growth to prepare for the winter; and though
' trees might do some good, yet a rank growth
of something got up for the occasion, might
do more. Hops climb high; they are good
1 absorbents, and of a rank growth, but there
I were objections to hops on account of stakes,
[ poles, &c. I recollected that i had often
I seen sun flowers growirg about the cabins in
1 the West, and had heard, in explanation, that
lit WHS 'healthy' to have ibern. This was so
| much more in favor of making the experi
ment with sun flowers."
| Lieut. Maury says that an acre of sun
; flowers will absorb during their growth many
j thousand gallons of water more than are
I supplied by tho rains. They are of easy
| cultivation, and "he seeds, which are very
j valuable, find a ready Inurket at the drug
stores. The theory or scieuce of the experi
ment is this: The ague and fever poison is
set free during the process of vegetable de
cay, which poison is absorbed by the rank
j growing sun flower, again elaboraied into
| vegetable matter, and so retained until cold
I weather sets in. The result of the experi
ment is thus narrated;
"Filially, I resolved lo make the experi
ment at the risk of spoiling the looks of a
| beautiful lawn. Accordingly, in the fall of
J 1855, the gardener trenched up to the depth
of 2i feet a belt about 45 feet broad around
| the Observatory oil the marshy side, and from
150 to 200 yards from the buildings. The
conditions of the theory 1 was about to try,
required rich ground, tall sun flowers and a
rank growth. Accordingly, after beiug well
| manured from the stable yard, the ground
was properly prepared and planted in sun
flowers. They grew finely; tho sickly season
was expected with more than ordinary anxi
ety. Finally it set in, and there was shaking
at the President's House and other places as
usual, but for the first time since the Oher
vatory was built, the watchmen about it wea
thered the summer clear of chills anJ levers.
These men, being most exposed lo the night
air, suffer most, and heretolore two or three
relays of them would be attacked during the
season—for as oue falls sick, auoUier is em-
ployed in hie place, who, iu into, being at
tacked, would iu liko manner give way to a
fresh hand. And last year, attacks of ague
and fever were more than usually prevalent
ill the neighboring parts of thoctty."
During the presaul year, Lieut. Maury in
tends to repeat the experiment, witti varia
tion in two respects. First the seeds are to
be planted later; and, second, there are to be
two plantings, so that the last crop may be
caught by the frost while yet in rtower. If
on a second trial the result proves equally
favorable, the practical benefit of the discov
ery will be great indeed, and Lieut. Maury
wilt have added another to the evidences he
has given, that true science is the handmaid
of practical utility.
BT A revolutionary patriot, a native of
Long Islaud, passed through Easton, lately,
on bis way to the place of his uativity, hav
ing walked all the way from the State of Illi
nois. He seems in excellent condition to
complete his journey. Ho gave his age at 110
years.
UN li HY ONE.
BY CIIAB. DICKENS.
One by one the sands are flowing,
Ono by one tho moments fall;
Some are coming, some aro going,
Do not strive to grasp them all.
One ly one thy duties wait llteO,
Let thy whole strength go to each;
Let no future dreams elate thee,
Learn 'llior. first what these Can teach.
One by one (bright gifts from heaven)
Joys are sent tlioe hero bolow;
Take thetti readily when given, •
Beady too to let them go.
Ono by one thy griefs shall meet thee,
Do nflt fear an armed band:
One will fade as others greet thee,
Shadows passing through the laud.
Do not look at life's lor.g sorrow;
See how small each moment's pain,
God will help theo for to-morrow,
Every day begin again.
. Every hour that fleets so slowly
I las its task to do or bear;
Luminous tho crown, and holy,
If you set each gem with care.
Do not linger with regretting,
Or for passing hours despond,
Nor, the daily toil forgetting,
Look too eagerly beyond.
Honrs are golden links, God's rokort,
Beaching heaven; but one by "lie,
Take them, lest the chain be broken,
Ere thy pilgrimage be done.
CHINA AND THE CHINESE. j
Our foreign files contain much interesting j
information ill relation to China anil the Chi- |
uese. Tho town of Canton is said to be nine
miles in circumference. It is the residence
of a Viceroy, and is divided by walls, into
the Chinese and Tarter towns. The popula
tion is reckoned at -100,000; it is calculated
that 60,000 persons live it) the boats, and
about 000,000 in the immediate vicinity.—
Each trade or call' ng has its especial street,
so that in one there is nothing but crockery
and glass; in another, silks, &e. Between
the houses small temples are often seen, but
they do not differ from the surrounding build
ings, The gods, loo,occupy the ground tloor,
the upper stories being inhabited by simple
mortals. A traveler who sometime since vis
ited Canton, gives this sketch:
The bustle in tho streets was astonishing,
especially ill those set opart lor the sale ol
provisions. Women and girls of the lower
clasps went about with their purchasers, just
!as in Europe. They were all unveiled, and
I some ol litem waddled like geese, in cottso
! quence of their crippled fuel, which, as 1 be-
I (ore observed, extends to all ranks. The
' crowd was considerably increased by tho
number of porters, with large baskets of pro
visions on their shoulders, running along, aud
praising in a loud voice their stock in traJe,
and warning the people to make way for
them. At other times the whole breadth of
the street will be taken op, and the busy
stream of human beings completely stopped
by the litter of some rich or noble personage
proceeding tu his place ol business. But
worse mail ail were the numerous porters we
met at every step we look, carrying large
baskets of unsavory matter.
I After threading our way for at least two
' miles through a succes.ion of narrow streets,
we at length emerged into the open space,
where we obtained a full view of the city
Walls, and from the summit of a small hill
. which was situated near them, a tolerably
extensive one over the town ilsel'. The city
walls are about 60 feet high, and for most
part, so overgrown with grass, creeping
plants, and underwood, that they resemble
a magnificent ol living vegetation. The
town resembles a chaos of small house, with
new and then a solitary tree, but we saw
neither fine streets nor squares, nor any re
nrarkable buildings, temples, or pagodas
A single pagoda, five stories hiah, reminded
us of tho peculiar character ot Chinese arch
itecture.
The Chinese have many peculiarities.—
They begin thair writing at the right baud of
(he page. The men wear a loose dress, and
carry a fan. The grandfathers ohen walk on
stills, and amuse themselves by flying paper
kites, while the boys look gravely on. The
following from the writer already quoted,
will be read with interest :
When wa had nearly reached the end of
our excursion, we met a funeraL A horrible
kind of musio gave us warning that some
thing extraordinary was approaching, and we
had hardly lime to look up and step on one
side, belore the procession came ilying past
us at fuli sped. First came the worthy mu
iciatis, followed by a lew Chinese, next two
empty litters carried by porters, and then the
hollow trunk ol a tree, representing the cof
fin, hanging to a long pole, and carried in a
similar manner; last of all were some priests
and a crowd of people.
A lew days later 1 visited a tea factory
The proprietor condncied me himself over
the workshops, whtch consisted of large
halls, in which six hundred people, includ
ing a great many old women and children,
wore at work. My entrance occasioned a
perfect revolt; old and young rose irom
work, the elder ponton lifting up the younger
members of the community in their armsand
poiuting at me with their fingers. The whole
mass then pressed close upou me and raised
so horrible a cry that I began to be alarm
ed. The proprietor aud bis overseer bad •
difficult task to keep ctf the crowd, and
begged me to content myself with a hasty
glance at the different objects, and then quit
the building as soou an possible.
In consequence of this, I coo id only man
age to obsetve that the leaves of 'he plant aw
[Two Dollars per Annna.
NUMBER 18.
thrown lor a lew.seconds into boiling water,
and then placed in flat iron pana, fixed slan
tingly in atone work, Where ttocy are e&ight'y
roasted by a -gentle hear, oaring which pro
cess they are'coutinually stirred by the hand.
As soon as they begin to curl a little, they are
thrown upon large planks, and each aiught
leaf is rolled together. This is effected with
such rapidity that it requires a person's undi
vided attention to perceive that no-more than
one 'leaf is rolled up at a time. Black is*
lakes some lime to roast, and the green is
frequen-ly colored with l'tucsian blue, an ex
ceedingly small quautiiyjof which is added
during the second roasting. Last of all the
tea is once more shaken out upon the large
boards, in order that it may be carefully in
spected, and the leaves that are not entirely
closed are rolled over again.
Before I left, the proprietor conducted nr.e
into his house, and treated me to a cup of
lea prepared a.'.ffrjhe fashion in which it is
usually drank by tich and noble Chinese. A
small quantity was placed in a China cup,
boiling water pouted upon it, and the cup
then closer 1 , with a light fitting cover. In a
lew seconds the tea is then drank, an# the
leaves left at the bottom. The Chirfask take
neither sugar, rum nor milk with their lea !
they say that anything added to it, causes it
to lose its aroma. In my cup, however, a
little sugar was put.
The London Alornir.g Star, alluding to some
of tho recent scenes in Canton, says :
Under the British flag, and in the name of
( a lliitish Queen, deeds ate perpetrated which
j make one's blood boil with indignation, aud
| which are rivalled hy tho merciless atrocities
J of which we read in counoctioii with i'sgau
! history.
A tf'lCTtJftK Of liOSUON.
Wo recent'y alluded 10 (he destitution an 4
misery which prevail among die poor of Lon
don, and especially lo the crowded and un
healthy manner in which tome of them are
compelled to live, in narrow alleys and damp
cellars. One instance, in
which 48 men, 79 women,'and 59 childreu
resided in 3 f rooms. The Loudou Times has
taken up the subject, with a view lo arouse
tho authoiries tc the necessity of tome sys
tem of reform, and concludes a bold and
strong article with this language:
'Ms there no moral from this contrast ? Is
the modern Dives guiltless because he runs
away, and the modern Lazarus to be lei:
alone because he hides in a corner his mis
cry and his sin? Vet there is no city in the
world like the City of London for its religion
and its charities. There is no English city
so well churched, so wi-J clargyet!, so well
bishoped, so well tithed, eo well rated, so
well charltied, so well armed with all the
slufTof long established piety and ostentatious
benevolence. I'overty, disease and crime tu
this city are the material out of which whole
clas.es are enriched. We have Unions to
relieve them, hospitals to cure ihenr, and
clergy to convert them. So well secuieu are
the higher influences that when a parish dis
appears its church remains, and, if there be
no flock to tithe, the very sod and bricks
maintain the pastor. There is no arty in the
whole wotid In which the aggregate expen
diture for all public purposes,—tor govern
ment, for police, for charites, for schools, for
churches, tor clergy, for infirmaries and dis
pensaries,—comes at all near that of the city
of London. Vet the result Is the existence
and even the fresh growth, in the heart of
litis metropolis, and within the favored bor
ders of the 'City,' ol these physical and moral
jlague nests. In the whole world, far away
lrorn the preaching of missionaries, there is
no 6uch titter brutishcess, such groveling and
wallowing, as is discovered in ihe ' Ward of
Bishopsgate.' Dives is inJecJ wise in his
generation to fly o' nights from such a foul
proximity. When Lazarus had doue his
dsy's work and betakes himself to his stye he
is a very unwholesome brute. Where he,
bis companions, and his cubs feed and litter,
the dirt ferments, and the very air is enven
omed. Dr. Letheby has analyzed it and
found that it has lost its share of life-giviug
power, and that it is charged, not oaly with
more than its share of sluggish elements but
also with the vapors of death, and .he princi
ple of putrefaction. Mature, which kindly
dissipates this horrid etlluvium. and raises it
from the lair where it is generated, diffuses
it to the dwelling of the tradesman and the
daily resort of the merchant. They are made
fearfully aware of the present pest; they hear
with alarm the advance of fever; they inves
tigate its source, and tindomasiuk of crime.
Such is the parable of our own city and our
own times. It", as we believe, the case is
worse, and the contrast more flagrant, than
i.n the sacred page, the lesson is at least as
plain and as fearful. Certainly there ought
not to be such a state of things. Its existence
is not only an evil, it is a crime; and thd
the crime is shared by all who can do any
thing to abate it, and leave that undone.''
UsitrcL HlMTS.—Never enter a sick room
iu a state of prespi ration, as, the moment
vou become cool, your ports absorb. Do
not approach contagious diseases with aa
empty stomach, nor sit between the sick and
the tire, because the heat attracts the thin
vapor.
KF* Says a scientific writer: "To obtain
some idea of the immensity of the Creator's
works, let us look through Lord Ross' tefe
seopo and wo discover a star in tho iuiiuiUt
depths of space whoso light is J,500,(MW
years iu traversing to our carta, ut
the velocity of 12,000.00* irniesin a wunite.
And K'hokt Cod was there '