R. V. Wearer, Preprtefer.] TOWUE-a TgE STAR OF THE NORTH 19 PCIMiHCD IfllT WKDSttSBAT MORNIHU T A' R. W. WEAVER, OFFIVE- Up Main, in the awe brltk build ing, m Ik* tenth tide of thin Street, third square b*l<m Market. TERMS -.—Two Dollars par annum, if >aid within tix months from tha time of rob scribing ; two dollars and fifty cants if not paid within tha year. No wbseriptloii re oeked tor a lesa period than six months; no diseantiaaanea parmitted antil all arraaracaa are paid, tints** at tha option or tha editor. AtnraanMwaaTs not exceeding one square will be inserted three times fat One Dollar and twenty-fire cents for each additional in sertion. A liberal dieeeaat will he made te those who adrsnise by the year. TUB SHU MA KITE'S BON. av Mas. rvurr h. l. csmmci.l. "•i ' I. The morning wakes on Shnnam's hills, And over Khaaam't plain Forth uoop the stalwart bnsbandmen To gather in the grain. Bat 'mid tbo merry hervestora , The reaper Death doth stand, And sternly towards the master's son He stretobetb forth bis hsod— Tba cold, inexorable hsod, That Stifles sense end breath; Tha master's son doth bow himself Beneath tha touch of Death! Ah! bear bim to hie mother now. And lay him on her biesst, And bid hei sing soft lullabies, For, lo ! her child would rest 1 She sing* his gentlest cradle hymns, And babbles baby loia, Till, soothed by the beloved voice, He sinks to rest once more. Faint, sod mora faint, tbo mothoi'a voice FeUs heavy on hi* ear— A fast receding melody, Which soon ho may not hoar. I.olxl, and more loud the harmonies Of soft's 'round him swoll; Now welcome to the spirit-land, And to the worll farewell! 11. Tbey crown bim with th' immortal crown Bought by the pans of ttarting breath, And lead him lo the Conqu'rorV throne, Subject do mora to Sin and Death : While forth Hetl'a baffled monsters glide, From ambush, on bis earthward path, And. lifting impious crest* lo heaven, Envenomed, hiss their powerless wrath. But, bark! whet voiees rand the void, And hnsh the harmonies of Heaven ? Ah ! tinman prayers and human faith The adamantine walls bava riven ; Bending compassionately low, Jehovah hearkens lo the cry, And human prayers and hnman faith Am crowned by proudest victory. The flnw'ret plucked for Heaven to-day Will bloom in esrtldy bowers again, And from seraphic fellowship Ac akou. torn* to dwell with nrs! He lays him down his goldeo harp, He cast* aside his victor palms— The atory of his seraph lace Half veileth with irantparant hands- While slowly o'er the starry courts He trails bis pinions, drooping low, And front the shining Presence glides Back to the darkened world below ! In subtle ambush 'round bis petit Hell's myriad tempter* throng again, While Pain sod Toil and Tiara and Death Rc-biad their captive's riven chain. Ah ! mourning mother, Was it welt To follow thns bis shining track, And to the glooms tkst abroad thine owe Recall Km child of glory back t In grief and loan, I, too, have given A star to gem yon shining dome; Nov dare I eall "rt down from heaven. To gild the darkness of my home! Tare Fbemokt Vote in Vtacunu.—That a story on one aide ia good till tbo other ia heard, is perhaps truer of political then soy other kind of statement. Mr. Stannsrd, of Connectieet, recently published a story of hie having been refused a vote in Virginia, whose he has resided lor the last five year*, beeamoa he o Bared to vote for Fremont, and Ibid he was afterwards threatened by a mob, as that his fife was in danger by hie remain ing ia Virginia. Tba staltmcnt ia ewenttally meanest. It appears by the account givae by the Commissioners of election, that in stead of voting for "electors," as the lew re quites, be wanted to rote directly for John ton far Vice, Psaatdant. The commissioner, m senses, !eesild net teeeive such a ticket, featfew entered it an tha bnek of the pell. As A fIMMNIHt WMNNM* eee Me vets audibly, e police officer was ap pointed to see him the crowd. No rnnempt Wm mete to molest hist, akbeegh it arm evident an nB Ihffi the mas bad given each a eats h a spirit of provocation and in evade. Tba met cense of Me leaving Vir ginia, is mid .le fen a saspieioo which at tached to him that be wm an agent of the underground railroad, and he thought it best ie leave in time. An 4 malum. Sracrtcia.—A ragged school assentation, ia e public appeal, state that these are in London, 1,400,000 who never attend public warship, 160,006 habitual drunkards, 160,000 open profligates, 20,300 professed beggars, 10,000 gam Mass, 30,000 demitaio children, and 80,000 receivers of stolen goods. Mom than 10,000 yonog men, under eighteen years of age, are annually committed fee theft in Great Britain. "Sovntsas A oos car ION." —It is t*id that arnaatho adaption of Ihn Fadaral ConatHa ptOpft of Ihn South hnvo volutin lily omonotpsted Two Unndrod and Fifty Thousand lav**, worth, st toast, one hau died and twenty-five millions of dollar*. IVIX>OMggUROi OOTrUMBIA DECEMBER 3, 1856. ' ' -• iiiiii in siiismi in mi HIM in'irnr-nr nfir-in i i an—nmdm iiW' ■■ ■ißHisiiwpri nrmHTr— From Ik* LendoetMming Pot. Gigantic Praad oa the Great Nortbera Railway. The Great Northern Railway Company have been defrauded of bo immense amount of money in consequence of the dishonevty of one of its principal officer*. Up to a late boor oo Thursday night it bad bean proved that his defalcations amounted to £l6O 000. The report is that £ISO 000 will not cover the amount. Leopold Red path, was, until a few days since, the registrar of shares and transferer of slock in lbs Great Northern Railway Com pany. Although his aa'atry was not vary ex tensive , amounting Ii something between £260 end £IOO a yam, ha lived la a loxori ads >yle in a fasljleaaMe boose, had trie stall as (he open, wwaAstste* of tbaibee-i tree, a governor of Christ's Hospital aad of •he Royal St. ABO'S Boeisty, and G subscri ber and director of several of lira most prom inent metropolitan ebaritabla inatitatlons.— Operating under the preetige whieh these virions occupations afforded, he averted all suspicion, and was thns enabled to perpe trate the enormous frauds which will bereaf ter require strict Investigation*. As principal registrar of stock Mr. Rod path had, of course, the entire control of that depar'ment of tiro company's bus mess. Tbo investigation of tha books, sines bis disap pearance—for be toft tbo office in a some what hasty manner on Tuesday tost, and ba* nut since been heard of—bat shown that the I rands have been perpetrated in tba follow lag manner: When Mr. Redpath who was tba principal Registrar, bad to issue £IOO of stock, It appears that be added a "O" to the amount, thns making it £IOOO in tbe com pany's books. This operation was not con fined to £IOO, bat extended fo stock of £2OO, £3OO, and £SOO, so that oat of every £IOO ■lock transferred he gained £9OO. The di rectors appear not to hava made any exami nation into the acconoU, probably because ibey never had any suspicion nf their offi cer ; and it has been to them a mystary tor some year* past that they were called upon lo pay dividend* npon £IB,OOO or £20,000 more than, according to their audited ae counis, tbey ware liable for. Perhapa It to scarcely right to say that the directors were negligent of their duties, inasmuch as, two or three weeks since, they established ■ dis tinct departarant for tba purpose of seoaring a strict investigation of the eompany's ac counts. Tbe official a of ibis now depart ment mat oa Alan day tost, aad on Tuesday morning ihay reassembled for the purpose of entering upon their duties. Soon after they met, Mr. Redpath entered their room, and said to the chiel clerk, "What are you poisg to dot" The chief clerk replied, "To go through ell the ac counts, from the commencement of the Com pany." Mr. Redpath said, "This to a per fectly useless proceeding; yon will find all the account* right in tbe grow, and it is of no use entering into details." The chief clerk raid, "We are bound to go into tbe whole ol tba accounts, as tbo directors have given as explicit directions to do so, and we wish* to begin w'rtb the numerical register." Mr. Redpath took op o*o of tbo books, and then threw it down again, nay ing, "Well, if that is your iotentioo, I will hava noibing to do with it." Ha than said to on* of the officers, "I am going out for a tow mincles." Ha warn, but be never re turned. Previous, however, to his departure, be sentlpne of the ticket porters of the railway to the Union Bank in Argyll place for the ti tle deeds of las boose io Cheater Terrace, and for other securities which were lodged there in bis name, directing bias to meet him with the documents at Chester Tertaec. The potter, mtaappmheading bis instructions, took tba parcel be received from the bank to tbe Great Northern Railway, and tba officials of tbe com party have Lak an possession of it, end netiee bad been given et the bank to withhold hit balance until farther inquiry. Tbe directors of tbe Great Northern Rail way appear to have been acquainted with tbe expensive habits of their aatvaet, and to have been aware that £3OO a year oonld net have met bit aapeusea. Singularly enough, a feeling prevailed that be filled hie reapoe aible office simply from • desire of having something le do, nod this opinion wee con firmed by the feet that be made large contri butions to tbe many religious end oherita ble iaetitmioae with wbioh the metropolis aboands. - r. , Carrcac or Rsdmth—Red path waa bro't up to-day at tho Clarkenwell police coart. He waa arrested this morning at the house of e friend m Ulster-place, Now rood. He had been traced lo Paris, and probably hear ing that he wm panned, be returned to Lon don. When captured, ho ax pressed sorrow for what bad occurred, and said hie home in Cheeter-terraee weald tell for £30,000. The barrister for tbe prosecution proved that Red path had altered figures making transfers of £350 and £SOO shares £1395 and £ISOO re speetively, prefixing the figure "I" to each of tbo amounts. The prisoner was remand ed till Friday next, for farther evtrionee. Red path's bosses in the Regent's Park and at Waybridgs have baem taken paaraaelpo of—rhoy were most apiendrdly fetaiebed. He kept fear hones, three et four vehicles, and a courier for continental travelling. Hie wife appears to have best entirely ignorant of Ma preeeodieg. Redpath and Robson were fal low clerks in the aame office of foe Greet Northern, seme rears ago, and ooorureed in limate friends. The report that otbat clerks had absented tbemsevee is untrue. WEIGHT* ARH MEASURES. Ifffepgtond end America grain is generally rated by tbe Bethel, though it I* not the same maosam; for her* wa use the Winchester bu.W, which oamaina 3,180 43-818 cubic inches. There, staae 1836, the legal meat ore is oslted the imperial bosket, which con tains 3,318 enbie inches; so thai 82 ol their bushels am about equal to 83 ofoers. Tba following art its commercial weights of a bushel of different articles, via : Wheal, betas, potatoes aad cloveraaed, 60 pounds. Cora, rye, flaxseed aad onions, 66 pound*. Com on the cob weight 70 potted*. Buck wheat 83, barley 48, hempseed 44, tioMMby med 48, easier beans 46, oat* 86, bran 30, blue grass seed 11, salt to, according lo one aoooaut, but Oooattoffa salt is 66, (the real weight of coarse ealt it 88 -pounds to the bushel j) dried apple* 24, diisd peashes-28, Imly pnbliihful in mi* tattoos papers, bat aaeecdiog to ear experi ence betb me wroag. Wa have seen thou sand* of A thole sold at tweoly-two pounds to the bushel, which will mamam about three peek*. Huipiag Measures. —Potatoes, turnips, and esculent roots, apples and other fruits, meal and bran, aad la soma Stale* oats, are sold by heaping measure, which ooutaine2,Bl6 cubic inches. The site of a Winchester boehel measure, it a ci rcnlsr ring with alraigbl sides, 8 inebet high, and 18f in diameter.— A box IS inches square, with side* 7 71-82 inches high, will held half a bushel. Comparative Grain Measure*.— Betides the difference between tba Winchester and im perial end beeped bushels, befora stated, there area dozen or mora focal bushel*. Por is atMov, at Abiagmn, Eng., 0 gallons; at Ban ff! h, 18; at Csrlisla, 24; at Cbeaiar, 22, ale. fn France the ttlitr Is as 4,427 to 1,000 com pared with tbe imperial buabel; that is, 44 27 1000 bushela. In Holland, tbe mnddt it at 8,157. In Prussia the tcAqfW, 1,479. In Poland tbe farrxe* 1,461: lu Spain,the fanega 1,999; that is, 99 1000 over a bethel and • half. Parrel Measure r.—Rice, 600 pounds; floor 186 pounds; powder, 25 pooads; eidar and other liquids, 30 gallons; com 5 bushels; shelled. By this lattar measure crops are estimated, and corn booght and sold through out most of the Southern and Western State*. At New Orleans, a barrel of corn to a floor barrel fall of ears, f n some parts of the West it is oommon to eoant a hundred ear* for a bushel. Tea Weight and Tan Measure. —A too of hey or say enema, ftulky article usually sold by that metro re, is twenty grant tiuntnen , that is, 2,2 40 pounds; though in maov places that ridiculous old fashion it being done sway and 2,000 pounds only counted a ton.' A inn of timber, if round, consist* of 40 cubic feet; if square, 54 feet. A tan of wine is 242 gallons. A Quarter of corn is the fourth of a ton, or eight imperial Austral*. This to an English measure, not la use ia this country; though very necessary to bo known, so aa to under stand agricoharal reports. So of several of the following weight* and measures. A Last of soap, ashes, herring, Sic., 12 bar rels; of com, 10 quartan; of gunpowder, 34 barrel*; of flax or leather*, 1700; of wool 12 saeks. A Sack of wool U 22 ttone; that ia, 14 Iba. to the alooo, 308 pound*. A Roll of wool ia Iba aame weight. A Pack of wool ia 17 alono two pounds— -340 pounds, a pack load for a bone. A Tod of wool is 2 atone, that ia 28 pounds; 64 toda 1 way, and 2 ways a aack. A Clove of Wool ia 7 pounds, or ball a atone. Recollect a stone ia 14 pounds, when talking of wool, feathers, fee., bat when ap plied to baof, fish, and otbar meats, it ia only 8 pounds. A Tram of bey, now, 60 pounds, old 66; of straw, 40. A load, 36 trasses. A Firkin of hotter ia M pounds, a tnb 64. A Scotch plot contains 105 cubic i aches, an! ia equal to 4 English pints. A Farlot of wheat is 2lf Scotch pints. Tray WtiglU and Avoirdapau Weight One Hundred end forty-four pounds avoirdu pois are equal to 175 poend*. Troy—l7s onoom Troy are eqaal to 102 ounces avoir dupois. All ptaslons mstale are bought and sold by trey weight. The Kilogramme of France ie 1000 gram mes, end equal lo 2 pounds 2 ounoes, 4 gra. avoirdupois. A Cbaldror. of Coal la 56 3-8 cubfo foot, generally estimated at 36 boskets. A bushel of anthracite eeai weighs 80 pouoda, which makes tbe weight of a chaldron 3830. Weights of a Cubic Foot.—Of sand or looso earth 36 pounds) compact soil 134, a strong or elayoy soil 137, pore clay 136, mixture of atones and elay 160, masonry of Mono 205, brick 135, cast Iron 450, steel 483, copper 466, load 703, silver 354, gold 1303, platiea 1118, glam ISO, water 68, tallow 59, cork 15, oak timber 73, mahogany 64, air 0,0753. In tba above fractious era discarded. A Bob of Cotton, in Egypt, ia SO pounds; in Attariea, a commercial bale U 400 pocnd* bat ie pot np in different Slate* varying from >BO le 780 pound*. Sea bland notion ia pal np in sack* of 000 pound*. A Bab of Hay is 800 pound*. A Cord of Wood is 108 solid last, usually put np feel long, 4 bet wide and 4 bat high. In Finnan a wad of wood ia 870 bat. A Stack of Wood b 100 aoßd bat, 18 bat long, 3 high and 8 wide. A skid of wood is a round bundle of small Minim, 4 bat latig, girting for a ons-uotok 28 inebaa, two notch 38 iaulas. A bUlat of wood is similar to a skid, being 3 bat iang, 7,10 and 14 inches round. They are sold by the score or bond red. Fagot, ere buodhoof hrtNh I feet tongand 2 fort round. A lead of fagot* is 50toeh bundles. A quiets) of wood Is 100 pounds. All fuel should ba sold by the pound. A perch of Mono to 22 cdhie feel, piled, or IMoUm maß. ~ w Uawaadsaad lospemh of staaa. Tkraa poohe oflime, aadtwo thMe of a esse heroe eart load of sued. . Board Mease re —Boa wto en aM by toes measure. Multiply the width la racket of say number of ptoem of equal leagih by the inches ef tba toogtfa. Dhrtdaby 144 aad the quotient to the number offset, for aay thick ness under an inch. Every fourth took in crease of thioknom adds a fourth la lb* num ber of feel in tbo fsee measure. Load Measure —Every fatater should have a rod measure, t right stiff pole, jest sixteen (sat and A half leeg, for measuring lead. By a 2*de ynasllMl haWBA tUWIMMoy a ceded five steps, whieh will aaewer vary well for ordinary farm work. Ascertaia the number of rods in width and length of aay ltd yoa wish lo auoawre, and multiply one lata the other aad divide by 160, and yon bava tha number of acres, at 160 equate rods make a square acre. If you wish lo toy off ooe sera square, measure thirteen rods upon eaoh tide. This Itckt one rod of being foil meas ure. Government Land Meaaare.—A township to 6 miles square, and contain* 86 sections— -23,040 acres. A section, one mile square, 640 scree. A quarter section, bail a mile square, 160 yards acre*. As this is to 166 rods square, a scrip one rod wide, or every rod in width is aa aero. A half quarter sec tion to half a mile long, north and south al- 1 most universally, tnd a fourth of a mile wide, 80 acre*. A quarlar.qnarlaf ml inn to on* fourth of a mile square, 40 acres, and to tha srggUeut sized tract, except fractions, ever the govvrnmetjt. Tbe priee to Bl 25 an aero. Measure of a mile.—While engaged in tbe compilation of this valuable article, wa ro oeived the following table from a friend to Maine, who, in remarking npon tba indispo sition oi soma persona lo take an agricultural payer, "because," tbey sty, "it pertains to tha system af book farming," says soma ob ject to the "Plow," they can't aflotd It."— Wo am sorry for their poverty, bot mora so forfbeir ignorance and stupid determination to remain in it. This single article, which if tote than the fiftieth part of what we give tbam for fifty cents, would cost aay one of dram fifty price ol tbo Plow in la bor, to glean this information from fifty dol lars' worth of books' Our measure of dis lews* LJT jit ■ Hugli iin rtftWwy —la*-I*. is 5280 fset in length, or 1760 yards, or 320 rods. An English geographical mile to equal to. 2050 yards. * Ancient Scottish mile 1 mile Eng. & 224 yd* -Ancient Irish mile 1 " 480 " I German short mile 3 " 1579 " German long mile 5 " 1326 " ; Hanoverian mile 6 " 999 " Tuscan mile 1 48" Russian mile 5 "1197 " Danish mils 4 " 1204 " Dantzic mile 4 " 1435 " Hungarian mile 5 " 313 " Swim mile 6 " 353 " Swedish mile 6 " 1140 " Arabian mile 1 " 330 " Modern Roman mile 182 yds. less than Eng. Length ef Ltagutt. French posting league 2 miles E.&743 yds. Spanishjudiml league * " 1115" Portugal lauguo 3 - 1480 " Flanders league 3 " 1884 " Spanish common leagne 5 " 376 Length of other Measures. Persian Partang 3 milea Eng. and 806 yd a. Russian Warm 6 693 " Turkish Beio t 60 " A Gannan geographical mile ia aqaal to 4 English milea, or 6100 yards. The TarMK Al the last aeaaion of Congress, the propo sition to admit raw materials free of doty was urged by the friends of the Administra tion, and might now hare bean a law, bat (or the procrastination of Mr. Campbell, who was at the bead of the Committee of Way* and Means ia the House, and of Mr. Bewaid in the Senate, who opposed it because of tha late boar at which it was reset red. Tba troth is, probably, it was thought to be an issue that might be profitably used ia the then approaching aleotioo, though the press end the people were apparently all round is fatror of if, as the Democratic party had been, as long ago as tha time whan Robert J. Walker waa Secretary of the Treasury. Just now, however, it to dieoovered by the politicians that they have been on the wrong aide, nod their organs are making baste to whip the refractory into the right trapes. The Times end Tribune of New York have taken op the one, and the Albany Evening Journal bee become quite fierce upon the eebjeet, using seme of the eame arguments we used yearn age in nrgiog the adoption of • wiser po>*. <• • ■ - • STVMKD AT TWO Uirjt**m*i. — A man who had studied something, but learned noth ing, was boasting one day to a plain country man of the sciences be did net peases*, and when tha latter made a Rttaehat incredu lous fees, assured Mm that he bed studied at twn'Univenitiee. The peasant answered drily, "I once bad a caff, alee, that sucked two sows, but for ell that never mode any thing but an ox." _ _ Suras Maui;urn an.—Mr. 6. W, Stewart, of Da Soto County, MissisAippi, kaa recently act five negro slave* free. The paper* were mad* out at Cinemnati. The Comvmtial My* there are, on en average, between two and three hood red slave* manumitted in that city evary year, by persons from the South. THE TEOK rmrWfl*H. BY J. B. Brmsors. Han hn a body, a soul, end sometimes a little property; and being overmuch inclined to do wrong, he needs doctors, clergymen, and lawyers. A physician to hare the cure of his body, a priest for the core of his soul, and a lawyer to cure his estate. Thus sin gives as doctors of medicine, doc tors of diraniy, and doctors of law. These are the learned professions. Which is the most learned, I cannot tell—but for some 1 reason or ether, medical men are all called 'doctor,' as soon as graduated, while D. D.'s and L. L. D.'s come only with grey hairs and many years, or many friends. ! ■ But if sin has made the professions learn ed, it 100 has made them old. They came put of the ark withSliem, Ham, and -and If ifcey "did not exist in Eden, it was because "the fruh Of that forbidden tree, whoae mortal taste Brought death in to theworld and all our woe," brought also 'toss of Eden.' They hare their origin in man's necessities, and as man is always, and' everywhere, a needy creature, the types of the throe professions are found among all nations, and in all ages. We put in this claim for physicians In ampeciai sense, for though the clergyman was as soon needed as the doctor, he whi not, judging from modem history, as soon want ed. Medicine, too, is aider than law, lor I suppose men took sick before they went to law, if not, it was reiy soon after. Medicine dates back to the morning of life, the shadows ot hoary antiquity gather about its cradle. The annals of history do not reach back of it, but only open the portals of fable, in whose shadowy domain it is supposed to dwell. JEsculapios was grand son of Jupiter, whose father was Tune him ! self. This is but putting the chronology of medicine into poetry, to show how venera ble in years, and how honorable in descent, it is. It is as old as pain. Pain was the first Instructor in medicine, and the instinct of self-preserration the first physician.— The Arst man that tied up a sore linger, or, hung his wounded arm in a sling, practised medicine. The first mother whose mater nal love made her assiduous to relieve her child, laid the foundation of Therapeutics. From these small beginnings which instinct, self-love, or benevolence made, it has grown into the splendid science of raodren Medi cine, a science which has rendered tributary to itself, the virtne which Kes concealed in every other science. It has but one ques — , L.:tl 11,1 a tomAva ylihT- ttfllK this kind interrogatory, it accompanies the chem ist into his laboratory, and watches patient ily bis retorts and crucibles, to see whether a specific will not distil from his alembic.— With this inquiry, it goes a-simpling with the botanist, over every hill, by every run ning stream, and through all dewy fields— if, perchanee, in some curiously carved chalice, it may find "a drop of comfort" for the invalid lying at home. With these words, it inquires of the springs, which are attempered of God, in the bowels of the earth, for a draught to drink to its patient's health. With the same benevolent words,, it interrogates the heavens for Itellar or oth er virtues, and knowing that even brutes may be the depositories of healing powers, the physician does not hesitate to ask coun sel of the broad-faced lowing kine. Medi tmiLhaviag to do with all "the thousand ntua&t shocks that flesh is heir to," its vo taries have been an accredited fraternity in all communities. While Plato considered it a disgrace that a city should have physi cians and rulers, he was compelled to admit both into his model republic. The "New Atlantis," of Bacon, had its dispensatories, and doobtless its doclors too; and even More's Utopia was not considered perfect without hospitals. As long as men have souls, tbey will want ministers; as long as they love money, they must have lawyers; and so long as they have bodies, they will need doctors. Men could do without the former two, if they would, but not without the latter. Those are useful—but this is necessary. It may be that the physician is a necessary evil—but he is a necessity, and as such, I propose to examine his mission. What I have to say on this subject will be contained in the answer to this question,— What is the true idea of a physician ? or, what is the physician to do, and what is he to be! I The first duty of the physician is to heal. AU suffering presents a crisis for action, the physician is appointed to meet it, and what ever sacrifice of time, knowledge, or skill is demanded, belongs to the minister of health to make. As a member of the sanitary police, he must be always on duty. This vigilance, as will readily be inferred from the constant presence of pain, may suffer no intermission, (tar world is at best but a poor one,--a sickly patient, much afflicted, with many ills; some acute, some exceed ingly chronic. There am ravages of plague and pestilence devastating some quarter ef the globe every year; now falling on Lon don, now smiting Marseilles. When the pestilence thus walks abroad in darkness, and the destruction wastes at noonday; Wheaa thousand fell by our aide, and ten thousand at our right hand—in this high reTsky of disease sod death, what we want of the physician is that he should cure. In this camival of the grave we feel that the world la indeed sick. Bat oven in health ier times the mementoes of a diseased world are always about us. A more hu mane civilisation has indeed removed, our Sfk from the public streets and the public gaze; but if they do not solicit aid there, I they arte it elsewhere. Every city hap iu I infirmaries and asylums, ite hospitals and dispensaries, —infirmaries for thfc fey* and I the Mr; marine, foundling, and lying-in hoe- 1 pitals; asylums for the deaf and dumb and i the blind, for the insane and idiotic. Under these kind roofo are sheltered, screened, and nursed, those who in a harder age sought relief by the wayside, aa in ancient Persia, or in the streets, as in old Thebes and Bab ylon. But our sick are not all in hospitals. Every house has its sick chamber, and its patient. Every day some one, unfortunate by field or flood, becomes an invalid.— Thousands every day are done being sick, and get well; and thousands are done being sick, and die; hut the couches from which the stek rise, are hardly made before ''one more unfortunate" seeks them. Thus the infirm cikcle las no endjor if a linkshqgfd foil out, it falls into the grave, and Its va cant place is filled by another. Mot many men make the journey of twenty-four hoars without some incommoclity of mind or body. To one looking for sickness, our earth seems a vast lazar-ftdiisO foil Of wards, and the wards full of patients. To seek out the healing potion and bhdf it to these sufferers, is the physician's first doty. If he cannot do this, he is not wanted in a ilfck world. If the secret anodyne or antidote is not in his possession, and he c-.mnot find it, the world has no need of him. He had bet ter take himself away, with all his nostrums. { His charlatan presence adds ten degrees to I our already burning fever, and only mocks I our madaess into a yet wilder fury. A mi rage in the desert to tantalize the weary traveler, ia enough—a sick world cannot endure a mirage of mountebanks. This, then, is what the physician shall say when introduced into a world, in quarantine— 1 "t have studied sickness, I know something of it, and I can do something for it. I can as suage pain in a measure ; 1 can bring back something of bloom to the cheek ; some thing of vigor to the frame; something of elasticity to the step ; of buoyancy to the soul; of hope and happiness to the heart." We say, then, the world is alt before you where to choose. If you can do it some what of good, you are greatly needed. To fulfil this first duty—helping those who are now sick, the physician needs a great stretch of knowledge. Sickness has outgrown science, and while the physician has sought for remedies, disease has strength ened itself by feeding on its victims, and complicated itself amid varying circum stances of time, place, and temperament. Diagnosisisdelicate. It often bringsunder re view die whole domain of pallwlug}. Vmbr: the complications of symptoms, the judge-' menttremblesinpainfulsuepense. It requires | the nicest discrimination first to weigh symptoms—and then to weigh competing . modes of treatment. I do not wonder that i Hippocrates penned this sad aphori'sm,— ! "Art is long, life is short, opportunity fleet-' ing, experience deceptive, and judgement: difficult.;' This melancholy strain of "the ; old man of Cos." was struck out more than once, at the bedside of a dear patient, when from the reading of "the votive tab lets," and his own observations, he sought the desiderated remedy. Anatomy and Chemistry have sown much light on the path of the physician since then, bnt in the curious mechanism of man's frame, are avenues which the scalpel has never ex plored; abnormal conditions., which no analy sis will ever detect. "The variable com position of man's body bath made it ant in strument easy to distemper; and therefore the poets did well to conjoin music and medicine, in Apollo; because the office of medicine is but to tune this curious barp of man's body, and to reduce it to harmony." It requires much skill to tune a violin or pi ano, but how much more to tune man's body. He that can do this best is the best physician, and comes nearest the true idee of his profession. Therapeutics, then, ia the first qualification of the ideal physician. But people not only get sick, and hnrt, but when cured, are ever tending towards sickness. Their nature gravitates towards disease. Man's physical proeli vity towards evil is as marked as his moral proclivity.— Men lean towards the grave, as uniformly an trees bow towards the East. Eves tire cradles of our little ones roek that way.— Hence a second dnty of the true physician is to keep people ont of sickness, aa well aa get tbem out; prevention, as well as j cure; prophylactics, notleee than therapeu lies. We will be excused for saying that. physicians, like legislators, do more at cure, than at prevention. The proverb says,— "An ounce of prevention in better than a pound of cure;" but such is the preponder ance of present over future demands, that all of us would rather spend "a pound" on to-day, than "an ounce" on to-morrow—and doctors are very much like other people; yet I suppose it will not be denied that the i same forecast, which ennobles evary other duty, will ennoble the office of healing. To look into the future ia one of man's prerog atives. Thither God has tamed his feet, for thishisayesare before; for this his hopesgrow always onward. Let, therefore, the physi cian take pledges of the future; and while husbanding all present experiences, let him make the years to come his debtor. The more his science purges the alter ages, the brighter is his conquest; the more does he fill the ideal of his mission. The warrior's monument, like Tamerlane's, rises in pro portion to the number of his slain—it is i built of skulls. The height of the physi- | cian's is in the inverse ratio—the fewer skulls, the greater glory. But it ho | cures from sickness many, is great, he who i keeps many from sickness, is greater. 1 i [Two DolUrt A*"**! NUMBER 46. I would rather be fWWw Alsmfoeim— While the latter clothed Asia hi mourning, the former took comfort on hit death bed, that nb citizens of Athens bad evfc* pet on mourning through him. Bet I would rather, tie Jenner than either—since he gave man "the oil of joy for mourning, and the gar ment of praise for the spirit of heoviesrs " In fulfilling this part Of his raipaioß,the physician sets no move oe the defensive; he assumes the aggressive, and carries the war into the enemy's fcbuotry. Ho delivers men from the iter of bondage, and increases their joys and efficiency, by exemption fro ia solicitude, as much as by rescue from suftr ing. He not only has plucked p peia, b keeps the ground of the heart clean for the planting of pleaeurb. He diffuses that bliss of Ignorance whych is better than the bltee of knowledge. Us encloses the tree of the knowledge ef good and evil, sod warns against touching it, white, he points ore the tree of life. This page of medical history is the brightest in the volume of its tri umphs—soch are the pages which will make it the book of life, and happy are they whose names nre written in it; and honorable above their brethren era they who constantly seek to increase its pages— Medical IVorU. . ..i DaoodiTs aan A roTufccs*<:—TUoir vo cation has been singularly modified in the present centory, in consequence ©t the nu merous medical isms that have sprung into notoriety. In gbod old limits, rihbn latge doses were prescribed theirs was n legiti mate trade, yielding a profit worth having. A gentleman's wife, being taken sick in the night, in the halcyon days of the Beaton apothecaries, called in one bf the ASacala pfon venarablas. After a thorough categor ical series of questions, always tie same, whether the patient had a broken limb or the measles,—such as "How are your bowels! Any pain in the head? Mora thirrt than usual? Appetite natural?*' Ac., to a prolonged tediousnesa, the grave cons id orate gentleman calmly seated himself, put on his glasses, sharpeued a pencil, and wrota a prescription. In the mean time the lady's symptoms underwent considerable change for the belter daring this protrahted examination. Bnt ha was an old physician and therefore both sound and safe. At length the nervous husband ran to a corner shop with the mys terious scratches, which there is no certain ty the man who made them conld decipher. The apothecary weighed powder after powder; artistically tied each vrilh red I twuM, wul lhan pnmmoorad filling phials. "Sir," ejaculated the impatient spouse, J astonished at the rising mound Of packages, —"My wife, I fear, is dying,—l hope this |is all." "All! iriend; only about half," | quietly remarked the dealer in scruples, j "Well, sir, allow me to carry these and I set them in motion, and I'll immediately re ! turn for the remainder." "No, sir,—l pride myself in being accu rate; —s regular apothecary. The lady has had the advice of a physician Whom I re spect, and you must follow his directions as I shall." The husband paid a round bill, and With his arms full of samples of pretty touch all the drugs in the establishment, found mad am so much improved that she concluded not to take any of them. This is a specimen of the way physicians formerly played into the till of the apothe caries, who were -wrongfully accused by meddling gossips of paying a trifling per centage for prescriptions like the one just cited. Bat with the advent of new theories, new medical aspirants, the death of a score of old ones, and the universal aversion to tak ing old-fashioned doses, tho apothecaries have suffered immensely. Against their wishes, they hare actually been compelled to embark in the sale of every imaginable nostrum, —articles of the toilet, Ac., —which is a wide departure flora the former aristo cratic notions entertained by them of what constituted the respectability of the dispens ing druggist and apothecary. Asa distinct body of merchants, intimate ly associated with the medical profession; they possess at this epoch for higher qualifi cations than their ancient predecessors of the aid school. It is honorable to tbem that they are asso : ciated throughout the United Stales, and ! hold annual conventions expressly for cle | vatiag the craft and establishing uniformity I ia all that pertains to their legitimate do main. Collages of pharmacy, serial publi cations for diffusing chemical and pharma centical discoveries, mad obliging those who propose to become members of tire frater nity to attend public lectures, an calculated to advance them with the age, secure the respect of the community, and strengthen the confidence of the people in the integri ty and usefulness of regularly educated drug gists and apothecaries.— Mtdkal WorU. EDUCATION ia TUX SOUTH .--Go vara or Bragg, in his annual massage to the North Carolina legislator#, hay* the Common SnhoOl sys tem of that Stale is repMty acquiring vale# and efficiency, and now gives instruetioslo j 130,000 children. This is very good fot North Ctrolint, whore entire population be tween five and twitoy-one yawn rtd ia *lO,- 000. Yet we constantly hear to Northern* papers of the ignofanee of the people of North Carolina. Ttisy ere; certainly taking the proper course to get nd of that stigma. -—. nni --w .'-"tot'. dTThs insioiiic fraternity af New York era about to erect a magnificent temple at a cost ef 3900,000.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers