THE STAR OF THE NORTH, W. Wearer, Proprietor.] VOLUME 7. J—J— ■— THE STAR OF THE NORTH 1* PUBLISHED EVKRY THURSDAY MORNING BY . W. WRAVISH, . OFFICE-Up slain, in the new brick build "•ff, on the south side of Main Steert, third square below Market. TE K MS:—'Two annum, if paid- within six months from the time of sub scribing; two dollars and fifty cents if,not paid w'ilhin the year. No (übiicriptkta.re ceived for a less period than six discontinuance permitted until all arrearages are paid, unless at the option of the editor. ADVERTISEMENTS not exceeding one square will be inserted three timet fot One Dollar and twenty five cents for each additional in sertion. A liberal discount will be made to tboae who advertise .by the year. , POETRY. XT The following verses came to our ta ble tome lime since, but were lost in the mass of matter until accident brought them •o light. They were furnished for our pa per by a lady correspondent of Mifiiin.— {ED. or THE STAR.] ACTUM!*. "When the chill winds of autumn are blowing; And stripping the trees ot their green— When thick the.bright flowers are strewing How soft and enchanting the scene. When bright was the sky to the morning, And clomls gathered ronnd in the day— "While the blast whistles by as a warning That Summer hi haet'ning away. I think as I see the leaves lying, How soon shall I be by their side, By the cold hand of death snatched away And swept to its wilderness wide. Toe spring of my youth will be over, And soon be regiembered no more, And soon shall I surely discover My bark on Eternity's shore. O when the dread day is appearing, May I be prepared to remove, Where trees of Paradise rising, Eternally blossom above. EDUCATIONAL. * CO-OPEHATIUN or PARENTS, DIRECTORS AND TEACHERS, IN THE WORK or EDUCATION. An Essay before the Columbia County Teachers' Association. BT JOHN G. FREEZE. It is only lately, that the world has learned the true value of associated labor. Until within a "few years, comparatively, every in- ! dividual man was left to struggle as best he might, through difficulties and trials, to till independent vantage ground. The best years , of his lifa were spent wholly in acquiring, : and when the lime and means for enjoyment > came, the powers were blunted by age, the taste was vitiated, the desire had passed away, and the body and the mind were boib going to decay. Within the last half cen- ! lury, however, associated labor, associated ' capital, and associated intellect have rhanged i the whole face of nature, and rendered easy I of acquisition, th%t, whose attainment was' before, among the impossibilities. In all . parts of our country we see the magnificent j results of this new principle. We behold it at work in almost every department of the social compact. We have life, health, and pioperty insurance companies—rail-road, ca nal, Telegraph and Express companies— we have building, mining and manufacturing associations—we have societies lor sending the gospel to the Heathen, and for forward ing lettera to the newly organized territories of Nebraska and Kansas. In fact it is almost impossible to mention a single business of life, Into the successful conduct of which, as sociated, work, wit or wealth has not entered. I need not stop to inquire how many of the stupendous works of the day would have been undertaken, or could have been com pleted, had they relied upon mere individu al exertion and resource. We all know that the great level of the world it association thai the co-operation of many mind* to one end, render* failure almost impossible—that whether the object be mental, moral, social or political improvement) the success is pro portional, not so much to the merit of the cause, as to the amount of outside pressure. The common schools of the State are them selves a species-of association for education al purposes, and derive very much of their efficacy from their connection and Umform ty. The fact that evary District ispait of one great whole, that the eyes of the county ere upon it, and those of the State upon the coun ty, must of necessity, be a stimulant to exer tion. Every man, woman and child in the Slate, it a member of this ail-importsnt as sooistion. Ought it not then, upon the prin ciple of associated labor, wealth and talent, be the most powerful engine in the Com monweahh f It ought to be, and it is—lt it the fulcrum of Archimedes with which to move the world. It is all-pervading in its in fluence —it embraces all ranks in its boundless catholicity—it treads with equal step the pal eco of the rich and the cottage of the poor, and leaJt in either hand the sou of the poor men and the heir of the rich, to the sane dis tinction and eminence. We cannot now con ceive, that this great eduoational society, the State of Pennsylvania, shall ever cease its glorious work, or prove recreant to its high and solemn duty. Considering the end in view, we have no knowledge ef any scheme equal to it iu ev erlasting importance. It underlies the very frame-work of society—the true religion ol Christ depends npon it for it spread and pro pagation—the happiness of daily life,—the enjoyment of an idle honr—the successful workol the buey day,—the holy calm of an evening at home—in fine the eternal and temporal well being of all mankind depend, mainly, npon the auccass of the great educa tional association*. When however we consider the State at large, u the society, we aee plainly that it ia not perfect in its machinery, end much more BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1855. might Le done toward furthering the good cause, ii the members of "the society took that interest ID its doings, which they ought to take. It is proposed now to adopt some plan which will render the system more ef ficient. We are of the opinion that to do this, Ibe best method is, to make each coun ty a aociety, perfect in itself. To bring all its members actually into one family, let them feel their responsibility and know their position. Thus (he central department is strengthened, and the life blood circulates to every extremity. Whatever is then carried in from the branches, is exchanged, modifi ed, and purified. Mistakes are rectified, im provements are still further improved, and no system commands respect, by reason of ilt antiquity alone. But in order to perfect even so small a thfflg as a county, every District must go in- j to the work. There must be an-associatioti of labor, of money, and of talent. We say there mutt be an association. There most be at the least a spiritual, there ought to be * bod ily co operation, among all the persons in the district—all are interested—to the amount and extent of their interest, let them engage in this business. We have seen the great power and efficiency of association in other matters—we know the success it brings to every enterprise; now why should it not, in the conduct of a public school, be equally beneficial. No man can doubt for a moment, the salutary effeet of a thorough co-operation of Parents, Pirectore, and Teachers, in the gieat work of educating the young. It is a terrible and fatal mistake, to suppose that all ihia should he loft to those, exclusively, who are elected or hired for that purpose. Let the citizen be assured that he has by no meatis performed all his duty, when he has assisted in choosing a board of Directors; no matter how well qualified they may be for the position, nor how active and efficient in the discharge of its requirements. Nor shoukf the Director sit Jown and fold his hands, after lie has hired a Teacher and set him to work ; for however well he may nn derstaml his business, however substantially may be his attainmeats, he still needs to have his hands strengthened and his spirit soothed, by the sympathy and support of those who have confided so important a matter to his care. Important did I say—aye vastly im-. portant, and yet how few persons act as■ though they had a conception of their re- : sponsihility, or a care of the result. Not among parents only, do we find this general listlessness, but Directors and Teachers re quire also, being officially more immediate ly interested, of their duties and responsibil ities to be frequently reminded, for to no set of men, nre more lastingly important objects committed. Jjfr ,1 say iligrcf.ire._and Lsay it after several years ol experience botti as a teacher, di rector and citizen, thai wilMul i*t borough co-operation on the part of all three orders, no great and permanent good can be accom plished. The duties to be performed by each are so entirely distinct, so impossible of sub- I ■litulion, and so absolutely necessary ; so | (bat, as neither one can lake the place ot the 1 other, so no one csn perform the other's , functions. It may be well in this connection to point out briefly the relative position of 1 these three parlies, and the responsibilities and duties of each. Assuredly the first thing to be done by the .-parent ia to sond his child to school. For al though the directors may have provided a school, and engaged a teacher, yet neither the one nor the other profileth any thing, if the pupil ia absent. It ia his duty therefore 10 see, not only (bat the ehild goes to school, but to take care also that he ia not kept at home, two or three days in the week ; there by losing his lessons, distracting arid orip pling the class, and disarranging his studies. Nothing is so fatal to a scholar's successful mastery of his studies, as irregular attendance. Fatal not only to the boy himself, but most baleful and depressing in Us influence, upon the whole school. The ambition and com petition of scholars is one of the surest in centives to learning, but the boy whose tri weekly attendance proves to him the hope lessness of overtaking the regular, will make no effor' to that end. If then there are a dozen boys who come day about, or as the case may be, what a perfectly diad weight must thou be upon the school I How greatly thed should (he citizens belonging to each School District, endeavor, by constant and active co-operation, to keep every boy in his place. At the same time also, they are rendering the most efficient aid to the teach er, and giving the director* tbs right band of fellowship and strength. But the parent should In every way incol- I csle respect ami reverence for, and obedi ence to tbo teacher, moral influence of the teacher must in a great measure oome from the parent; and without that, no mail can conduct a school with even partial suc cess. The king can do no wrong, as a po litical maxim ia now about exploded ; but for the good ot the sobools, we hope i.evdl to see the day, that it will be publicly pro claimed by parents, that the school master is not right. If the authority nl (lie teacher is backed by that of the parent, no boy will at tempt to resist it, but where there is a divi ded sovereignly, there is rebellion. The prop er check upon the teacher it the Board of Di rectors, and any complaint must be made to them. , , , The parent shou.'d also visit the school he should go there a* one having a kindly intarest in the success of tne system—he should show to children that he ia interested in tbeir studies, that he i# pleased with their improvement—that he sympathises in tbeir troubles, and rejoices In their triumphs.— Chil(fr ; £q should know that on all hands, ; rents are watching them—they should have !an abiding sense of their influence, they should feel that the parent's approval nerves the teacher's arm, and sustains his rightful supremacy. But above all, parents shonld pay their taxei. That is a co-operation sadly needed in many parts of our county. Daily complaints are made on this head. Ineffi cient schools are always the lot of lazy tax pavers. No war can be carried on without money, and*the war against ignorance, more especially needs a full purse. There seems to be a constant antagonism between Parents and Directors. For some unaccountable cause there is but little cordi ality between them. It is time however that this leeling was entirely subdued, Both be ing phizens and tax-payers in the District, oil course both ought to be and are, deeply in terested in the success of the Dislriot School. Such being the case shall there be a want of co-operation between the Parents and Di rectors—both citizens, both tax-payers, both fathers of families. Absurd as tbo fact is, it is yet so—destructive at it is to the best interests of the Schools, there is no disposi tion in many places to combine and conquer. I presume not to say who is in the fault, but the parties respectively, in mtny places, have so conducted themselves, that they canuol work together. The powers and duties of Directors are plainly defined by the law, and upon that part of the subject, in this brief address, it cannot be expected that I should say any thing. I will confine myaelf to a short con sideration of some duties outside of the let ter of the law, but within its spirit; although l i: will be seen that as iu those of the psrepts, I can suggest, but dare not etop to argue. The first thing is, to put themselves on the same platform with the parents—or rather perhaps to bring the parenta upon the plut form—on which the Directors necessarilly stand. They will then work together with judgment and with effect. They should see that the School Houses are warm and con venient—and (hat they are properly located in the district. This is a point upon which the citizens ought to be consulted, especially in country places. They ought to know and feel that every thing has been done that could be, to enable the children to get to School. I might insist upon this point at great length, for 1 have heard much com plaint, and some of it just, in regard to the location of School Houses—but surely a pro position so plain, needs no illustration, fn this matter, however, co-operation is greatly needed between Directors aqd Parents. In choosing a School tax collector, and a District treasurer, care should be taken by the Directors to select the bet men in the district—men who love, respect and confidence of the people—to whom they will willingly pay their taxes, and in whose hands they will feel sure that the public money ia safe—of course they will take the bonds re quired by law in both cases;—but they should remember that it is a great matter to have popular, as well as efficient public servants. Directors should endeavor to procure teach , ers whose character and qualifications were | such as to gaib them the confidence of the ! entire community. It is proper to suppose that they wilt do so, but sometimes Directors are bit with an economical spirit, and In or der to save five dollars, they throw away twenty. It you wish to procure talent, qual ification and experience, you most pay for them. But we dare not linger any lor.ggr over this part of*our subject. We have often felt sensibly, aa a Director, the lack of sympathy between ns and those for. whom we were | striving ; and as a teacher also, when strug i glingday after day inonr toilsome avocation, < have we fell cut ofT almost entirely from all i human brotherhood. Patents, Directors, at id Teachers have heretpfoiTslood too much in the shape of g triable, and of a consequence the"children stood aloof How could lite expedled, Hint with such fatal divisions, the cause could flourish. It has beer, our object in this short essay, not only to con vince these parties that they ought to be to gether, but also bow they can get together. The Teacher should make himself ac quainted, not only with the Scholar, but also with the family. It should be his objSct to awaken that dormant interest in the school, that every man possesses. He should know that he (eels an anxiety to sae his pupils succeed in their studies—that he rejoice* in their rapid progress, and regrets tbeir fail ures—he should govern his school kindly but firmly—he ought to hare the support of the Directors—and they should give him their countenance promptly—and then he wants (be confidence of the citizens—he should be mild and cheerful in the school room, and it would be well if his pupils could pay him the full complimeut, of which Goldsmith's immortal master got bat half Full oft we laughed with counterfeited glee, At all his jokes, for many a joke had be— And perhaps it would not sometimes be oat of the way that Full well the busy whisper circling found Conveyed the dismal tidings when be frown'd, though if he once gain the love and confi dence of his scholars, he need not often frown—love tsallpowerful, even in a sonool room. . But no pian desires more, or needs more, the co-operation and sympathy of Director* and Parents, than the Teacher—no man's task has hitherto been so thankless—no man's labor, if well performed, been more arduous —no one looked forward to leas spiritual re ward. He toiled on, solitary and alone in hi* avocation, for even schoolmasters were not a party, and if he succeeded, it was by his own unaided effort. It is to be hoped that now, for him s better day is dawning— Truth and Right——God and our Country* (hit Parents and Directors are waking" up to a sense of their duty, sustaining him and encouraging the scholar. If With our divided and distracted coun cils, so much good has been accomplished, how magnificent must be the iesulta, when the three powers aot in concert and harmo ny. Up to the present time, we have been weakanjng the system instead of giving it strength. Concord and concert will devel op it* better characteristics, and we oan get at tbem in no other way. If parties can once be made to feel their responsibilities to, and dependence upon one another, the work is dor.e—the great business of co-oper atton in the matter of education ia secured. How quietly, steadily and powerfully will this grand system work its way to universal acceptance. How beneficial will be its in fluence, how wide-spread its benevolenoe. But wa dare not trespass longer—we have only indicated a few of the many points up on which instant and cordial co-operation is needed— and we have only presumed to mention the vast good which, would result from associated labor—it it a consummation devoutly to be wished, and we believe it is surely though elowiy coming—every man can hasten it—we have some influence—let us exert it in favor of ibis noble end. EDUCATION. An Essay read to the Teachers' Association at Milhiile, December Bth, 1855, BT MISS EL VILA WRIGHT. Learning is one of the most valuable treaa uraa we can possess. It is a treasure that will never fade nor grow old; but the longer we possess i: the more beauties it will dis play and the more interesting it will appear to our view. If we have wealth it may soon vanish into nothing: if we have friends they may soon become estranged ; and all that we can possess of worldly goods are fleeting as the wind, but if we have a cultivated mtnd it oan never be taken from ns. Look for in stance at ibe man of wealth ! He has passed his youthful days in devising plans to amass wealth, and at last he has attained the desired end. He has great possession; he can look out on his right hand and on his left, and far as the eye can reach it is ait his own. He says within himself what need have I to la bor or to exert my mind to find out any new idea? I have all that heart can wish—all these vast possessions are mine. I have houses and lands, —I have friends who arft ready to cheer every gloomy hour ol my [ life by their kind caresses. I have thus far been favored by fortune, and all seems to bid fair for my prosperity. And thus he folds his arms in idleness, and so he passes perhaps a few years in ease and affluence. Btiuake another look, and see how vari ous are the changes of life. The wheel of fortune that has so far been so mysteriously turning in his favor may suddenly take an other turn, and with it may sweep away bis possessions and leave him penniless. Where are thqn all his former friends? Soon he finds their friendship begins to diminish, and one by one they drop off from his society, i until 100 late he learns that friendship is not to be bought with gold. What then wonld [ he not give if be were wise and learned—if he had but spent bit youthful days in storing his mind with knowledge. Bat it is too late to learn. Old age is upon him, and he must I pass" the remainder of bis life in solitude and unnoticed. But let us take another look and see the opposite side of the picture. How different it is with the man who is striving to gain knowledge! How differently is he employ-! ed. You may see him at an hour when all around him are sunk in slnmber, pondering over some difficult problem whiob for days i perhaps he has feared he could never aolve. | And thus he exerts all hit faculties until at last some new idea strikes his brain—by de grees the difficulty seems to diminish, and he finds the task accomplished. He has the gratification of a triumph which he feels will benefit mankind. Thus he goes on and on, still step by step, until he attains to a high degree ; and the more he learns the more arabitiobs he ia to learo. He is npt, like the rich man, content with what he has attained, but bit busy mind it continually in search of more knowledge. He oan aee a beauty in I every tree or plant—in rivcy blade of grass. Ha can look np to the starry heaven*, and there count the stars and oall them by their names. At he contemplates the magnifi cent works t>[ the Deity hit mind is filled with awe, and as his searching eye minutely scans the sublime scenery sees that in every object there ia some mystery to un ravel. Then like the bee that (lite from flower to flower and sips their honey, hit eye wonders over the vast creation and drinks in rich draughts of knowledge. And thus while one folds bis arms-id in dolence and content* himself to grovel on in ignorance, another ia gaining knowledge from every object around him. He marks the clouds at they roll themselves together, and he views the storm gathering in the heavens. He sees how the vivid lightning fleshes around hira, and how the mighty oak, monarch of the forest, ia suddenly cent from hit strong hold by the rushing wind, and from all these he gather* knowledge, while an in different observer scarcely sees what ia going oil. He see* the wisdom of the Deity dis played in every object and from every thibg he sees there is knowledge to be gained.— Then, at the blushing rose-had at first dis plays but half its sweetness, and as the flow er expand* wa see in every leaf that open* to our view some new beauty that has hith erto escaped out observations; so the more knowledge we posses the more beaatiea it will display, and the more new charms it will exhibit to oar view. > Correspondence of the N. Y. Daily Times. I CALIFORNIA'. NEWS AND OOSSIP OF SAN FRANCISCO. "How is business?" is generally the first ' inquiry made on arrival of the California steamer at your wharvei. The only reply I | shall make on this oocasion is, "pretty well, I thank you," and leave the details to the "Price Currents" and market quotations in ( your "exchanges." For me to go into a re view of the market, would be but a twice ( told tale—so let the price currents have it all to themselves Ibis time. THE FALL OF SEBA6TOPOI. IN SEN FRANCISCO. The great talk abuut towtt is the fall of Se- I bastopol, which altbongh as stale to you as I buckwheats an hour old, is nevertheless new to -us. The Frenchman* went iti stroug on claret and absyntlie on the reception of the news, and moet of tbem dined conrivally, got "tight" gloriously, and wound up oblivi ously. The Englishmen drank freely ol "'arf and-'arl," stuttered excessively, nod those who did not get cheap lodgings "in the station house," went home in an assortment of con veyances, from a shutter to a hand-cart. An English Or French man-of-war in port, 1 for got which, fired a salute. They did that once before, just about a year ago, ce!ebrating.the same victory which hadn't come off, and was as we began to hope indefinitely postponed; t but better late than never. They earned it let them have the glory.* THE WKATHXR. We have had heavenly weather the pan 1 month, and those that have had nothing else r to do, loafed a round the corners, and sunned ■ themselves. T# weeks of this balmy weath ' er is enough to make an Eastern man quar -1 rel with his grandmother and flee to Califor nia. We had two days' norther last week 1 which kicked up e little muss in 'he harbor, 1 and give ship chandlery "an upward move-, ment;" but there was no great damage done —a clam-boat or two sunk, and a clipper hay acow foundered, with all on board, consisting 1 of about for bushels of rats. STEAMBOAT OPPOSITION. The opposition in sleambonting continues, and competition runs high, while the fares run low, ard the boats for glory. Passage to Sacramento nothing, and found, if lost over board. 1 believe the captains have persons permanently employed to fall overboard, in order to give them an opportunity of becom -1 iug the newspaper heroics, rushing to the res cue—regardless of personal danger—gallant conduct—passenger dragged on boaid by the captain, who always trusts in the Lord and 1 keeps his watch dry, (by leaving in his stnte -1 room)—it tells—captain voted a splendid fel low—purse made up—speech—captain de clines to receive the money—finally does so, and hands it over to the "Quien Sabe Baby Asylum." The excitement be comes intense, and the fat man on the upper deck, blowing the big horn, nearly blows his brains out, and winds up by pitching head foremost into it—a very appropriate illustra tion of the whole proceedings. NEW GOLD DISCOVERIES. A new gold fever has broka out They have found a mountain of ore—the richest scratching* ever yet heard of,at Table Mount ain. If the stories are half (rue, end there seems to be some ground for theth, there is plenty ol it. Tbey get oat a thousand or two before breakfast, to give (hem an appetite. What do you think of a ponnd of gold to a bucket of earth, eh? Mines of California giving out (are they? We like to aee them giving out—the lucre, in such quantities. It is well authenticated that tons of gold have been and are being takeffout of Table Mount ain. * A reining company in Columbia have found a vein ol "blue mass," the papers say They probably mean the material for making it, for, if we remember right, blue mass is a composition of mercury, &e. Ifthe blue mass is found already prepared so acoonwnodaiipg ly, we may expect soon to dig out sugar-coat ed pills by the bushel. In El Dorado county they have found the "honey dew," and gathered it from the leaves in the moruitfg. Going down town the morn ing alter reading the account, we aaw save* at boxes in front of Horn's cighr and tobacco rirarebouse, labeled "Honey Dew." Wheth er it was the new ctnp from El Dorado ooun ty we did not ascertain. INTERESTING ABOUT THE CHINESE. The Chinamen are all going home—say tbey are treated so badly they can't eland it. They are robbed and mcrdsred, and nothing is thought of it. It is impossible te "com mit" s man for any wrong or damage done a foreigner, arid especially a Chinaman The old native California:;! dou't fare any bet ter. THE SQLFATTNTTS. Victor Castro, who owns n large tract of land in "Contra Costa," was a rich man be fore gold was discovered. He had five thou sand head of cat'le and fifteen hundred hor ses. The squatters about him had driven off hie cattle, and'stolen every horse bnt two, that are not worth stealing. He ha* canght the thieve* several times, taken them before a justide, proved the theft, and the men were released and he hid to fork over three or four hundred dollars costs. He caught a man stealing cows, arrested bim, pot him into (he hand* of the sheriff, who insisted on taking the oowa prisoner* also. The man escaped from the sheriff with the cowe. Fast eowe those, or slow sheriff. Castro ie now redo oed almost to beggary. The people about him are squatters-—the sheriff ia a squatter— the judge i* a squatter—and if justice is any where on that part of the country, she woold be found squatting on a five hundred acre lot. ' PITFALLS IN MUI FRANCISCO. The streets ere in a wretohsd condition, the * JBH i - hole* in tbe plank* presenting fine openings for young men, out late vilb bricks in their hat*. Down about the wharves the pile* are completely "honey combed" by the worm*, t and are letting down* tepidly. The City Treneury is a* empty as u champagne bottle at a party—her assets all mortgaged—inodnte abso/bed—and things generally going to the devil. Consequently sh'C can't repair the street*, and the question is "who will?" It is dangerous to go down about the water front streets at night, ff your humble corrss correspondent is missed, you my safely con clude he is gone dewn through. A WORD ABOtIT CORRESPONDENTS. Speaking pf correspondents, the Alia Cali fornia has tbe best one writing from your City, ! I ever knew—and I can't say I knew her— I say her, because she alluded to a small in stitution caljed a baby, as something she takes a "friendly interest in," although some people here think she writes rather strong mindedly for a woman, nd hint that .the "lady correspondent" wears boots and breech es—pants, I mean—an opinion ala Bunaby. She may wear both and be a woman still— I mean still a woman. Whether the is a mas culine, or he is a feminine, is tbe great noes lion. 1 Say woman! Come, naW, Mr. 8., Miss B-, Mrs. 8., whichever you be, enlighten us. We hope, however, that yon are one of those fascinating specimens of humanity denomi nsied a female. The desertions from the Independence, at the dry dock, Mare Island, continues—lots ol trouble and a continual row with the peo ple about those who are accused of assisting and harboring the seamen who desert. A p°ol harbor is what Jack is generally looking THE GADSDEN PURCHASE. I noticed in a back number ol the Times some editorial speculations as to the mineral wesllh of the Gadsden purchase. It is well known here that there is mote mineral wealth in the purchase than wonld by up all Mexico at ten times the ratio the Gadsden tract cost. In some future letter, I will give you some items. I have myself a piece of copper ore, picked up from the surface where the veins were visible above the ground that netted eighty per cent. Several companies are form ing to work various veins, within reach of the coast. The copper above alluded to con tains gold in greater or less quantities. MUSIC IN THE DRAMA. In the way of theatricals, things are flour ishing. The Union has drawn good houses. On Wednesday evening the Ravels appear at the American, and will of course draw like blister plasters, notwithstanding they have put prices up to 2. Sigr.ora Drusilla Garba -10 gave her first concert Saturday evening. There was a fair bouse, but not a paying one. She gave perfect satisfaction, and will un doubtedly become popular. The Gougheu heims are playing to good bouses at the Me tropolitan, and making money. Their audi ences are not, however, composed df the elite of the city, oil account of the disposition these young ladies evincC to give the great est scope to the slroiig points in their pieces —a "double entendre" being nourished aa a ban Louche. They have decidedly mistaken the people here, and when, for the applause of the vulgar-minded they atoop to indelica cy, they err. Their reputation for being a little "rowdy," is not gaining them frienda among a class of people who prefer staying at borne to going to the tbektte to hear lan guage and expressions that csnilot bttt call blushes to their cheeks, and however much disposed, cannot affect unconsciousness, tt is impossible when the house echoes the in terna! racket kicked up,in the gallery when "Joey" cornea it rather stronger than the oc casion requires or the author intended.— "Joey" Wants talking to like k botch uncle. The Power of tbe Will to control Insanity. We have oometimes heard it questioned whether any person is perfectly sane ht all tithes and on all subjects. Certain it it that many are literally "mad" when they become angry, and more when they are in io/e. — Itfuch learning maddens the few, and the waht of regular mental employment deranges multitudes. Strong drink destroys the bal ance of the victims, of some for a time, of others permanently. Riohes eud poverty, joy and sorrow, politio* and plexsure, reli gion and profanity, have all their victims.— Every extreme of life has produced its candi date* for the insane hospital, while a far great er portion run at large, pass through tbe world aa aane, which they are on most subjects and at ordinary times, though really insane fa one or two topics, and nnder certain circum stances. One hardly can tell where to draw the line, or if indeed it can be drawn; that is, 11 any one may be pronounced always per fectly reasonable. In crowded cities and amid the netroua bustle of clashing interests, passions nnd in tellectual excitements, all melt ahi (bore or less diverted from the equilibrium of a Clear, correct judgment; and at certain times it be comes a part of the daily struggle *nd duty of life in each man to Wrestle against incipi ent or temporary disorder of mental action In or other. Many do (his unoon sciouslj, others consciously, but seorstly. It would be well for mankind if it were more openly recognized as a part of the wisdom and duty ol ail men to be on their guard against the beginnings of many peculiarities, the neglect of wbieh may plunge then* inio unsoundness of mutt, more or less extensive and permanent. A few yv ra *go, an admirable little trea tise waa published in London, on the power of men to control insanity by an effort of the will. It suggested the idea that the essence : CI virtue is to have all the powers of thought [Two Dollars per Apnum, NUMBER 48. and affection under the oontrol of 4 strong and vigorous will, and that will-subjected su premely to a tense of doty. This alone is troe sanity. The habitual indulgence of any train of thought—i. the concentration of the mind upon it—invariably ptoduos'fr a certain in creased circulation of blood In some portion of the brain, if not IH ihe whole. Sir Aatley Cooper waa onoe trepanning the skull of a man who had met with an accident. A let ter was suddenly brought In - from his wife, and as he read it the increased pulsation was so perceptible tbat the excitement bad to be slopped. Such excitement, often renewed, mast sad does prodh'ce a habit of Increased action And flow of blood In those parts, in other words, more or lest inflammation of the brain, sometimes temporary, sometimes chrome. Let this only go od tor years, a lit tle sirooger each lime, and, finaHj, there must be a settled disordered action of some portion of that great nervous centre—the me dium through which the mind acts. And thus, it length, wherever certain association* are called up (hey instantly excite into activ ity that chronic and deranged action to wniob there is a tendency. Persons who~Qn ordinary eubjeola are re markably accurate in their obaetvatione, and sound in judgment, will, on saute point and at certain limes, manifest a strange and subt le erroneousness of preception or of judg ment, a fatuity iff purpose perfectly unac countable. The chief remedy lies within a man's own ' self. He must, at the outsat, be made aware of ihe danger of inflammation of the brain, or any portion of it, through excessive men tui action, or concentration of tj}e mind on some one subject. Let every man look thia danger fully in the face, for it is one to whioh are all liable, and then consider how he oan best and most assuredly guard against and overcome it in his own case. A little watch fulness and experience will show any reso lute man who feels himself even on the verge of insanity, various methods of lessening ce rebral excitement occasioned by the recur rence of any subject or "class, of subjects; metnods that eannot be applied by anything but his own firm will. Besides the consciousness of danger from over excitement of the brain, let there be al so a remembrance that nearly or *ll art more or less injured by it at some period of their live*, and on some subjects to which their thoughts are most addicted. Let eaob then struggle against it, conscions tbat where lin uuderstood by the individual himself, In its early stages, there wilt be hardly a tingle failnre of success. The chief difficulty, however, la to set be fore the mind itself a motive sufficiently strong to ihduce this constant self-cdntrol, since the disease consists chiefly in X fasci nation of Ihe imagination by the object* to be guarded against. For this purpose, a su preme sense of duty to a man's owe self, to bis family, to his Maker, oan alona suffice. Indeed, the lack of thia supremb sense of re sponsibility controlling all the powers, must bo regarded as always an, incipient derange ment, t. an abnormal condition of mind leading to all olher/ollies, and itself the chief insanity of all.—ledger. NICARAGUA. This unfortunate Republic, which is now brought prominently before the world by the operations of filibusters, is one of the lar gest of the Central American States. On the west it is washed by Ihe Paoifio Ocean, and partly on the east by the waters of the Carribean sea, the Mosqnlto Territory form* ing a large share of its eastern boundary Honduras borders it on the north, and Costa Rioa upori the south. Its area is about 49,- 000 square miles, and tbe population is esti mated a' 24T.000. The females are taid lo greatly exceed the males in number. Not more than twenty thousand of the people are whites, the rest being Negroes, Indians, and mixed races. Most of the population live in towns, many of them going several mile* daily to labor in the fields. The plantations are scattered pretty equally over the country, and are reached by paths so obscure a* to almost escape the notice Of traveller*, who are thus liable to fall into the error of sup posing that the country la almost uninhabit ed. The dwellings of the people are usually 01 canes, thatched with palm, although the better classes construct their residences of adobes, and by Ihe help of fruit and shade trees planted in the courtyard, render many of them exceedingly pleasant A range of mountains extends slong Ihe west ooaat ot the State at the distance of a few miles from sea, but attaining no great elevation until they approach the confines of Costa Rica, when they reach the height of Ave to eleven .thousand feet. In the central part of the State ia an immense level tractj known ae the plain of Nicaragua, comprising in its area the lake of thai nome. Numerous volcanoes exist along Ibe Pa cific coast. There ark 4 considerable num ber of rivers, but ndnb ot tbem, except the San Juan,, are navigable in a comraeroisl sense. Veins of coppkt and ailvar ore of exceeding richness are found in many parts, but they remain, almost all of them, either unexplored of only superficially worked.— Gold also is said to exist. The climate ia healthy, though vafioue. In the interior and mountainous parts the temperature is more dry and cool than on the coast, where it ia hot and approaching to humid. The greater portion of tbe State consists of plains and gentle slopes formed of a rich black loam, of whioh but a small portion is made avail able. The productions are indigo. Sugar, coffe, etmon of superior quality, o oft, tloe, wheat, &0., besides oranges, lemons, and fruits of various kinds. The great bane of the conchy has Been its civil Wsrt, and it was on* of these whioh enabled Walker to achieve bis almost bloodless conquest. From ihe above description it will be seen that Nicaragua possesses til die natural resources requisite for a flourishing State, needing on ly an energetic population to develop them and make them tributary to the Wante of the world —Boston Jmtrml.
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