COLUMBIA
DEMOCRAT
1
.'I
AND BLOOMSBURG GENERAL ADVERTISER.
1
LEVI lu TATE, Editor.
TEItiTIS: 83,00 PER AXNVVL
TO trnT.Tk nm mr, .
" iU,j TORCH OF TRUTH AND WAVE IT O'ER THE DARKENED EARTH."
VOL. 16. NO. 41.
COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT,
PUIUjISHED EVERY SATURDAY, BY
"jEVI L. TATE,
IN BLOOMSBURO, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA.
0 F FK) E
Ci the new Tlritk BuiltHnr, opposite the V.ithange, by Mi
uflht Court Home. "DcmotrMt Jttai Hnarttrl,"
TERMS OP SUllKCRirTION.
$1 ni) In ndvanrc, fur one doiy, fiir six montlii.
f, 5i, In nilvntif e, for ono top, riile yenr.
roll Knugnlil Within the- lint tlireo inbHthi.
t r. .... ...ilt.t.. ..... A- - i .
II uvl i'ntil Wtlitp.llvu rtrrt six mouths.
nv- Vo cnlnrrlpllnii "ikeii for CS (liarfri i
Minoiiaiier1i.poiilliiuoauiiti.,, arrearages ill
mnntiiit.
siail lne
ADvmriislriT InsertiM ftm.plruniKlynt one'5""
n'r 'iinrOinf W linen carli.for tin- thti.'Hf't iiuerlloiu
tin.) ttvcntv-llvu cr-nti, per 8' iiire. for every' ubjciucnt
insertion, until onli-rcil di ontiioiQil.
Jim VVonii. oOvery ilrai-rlptloii, neatly and clionply
ciccutcd at tlio hortut notice.
Choice Poetry.
nv WILLIAM W. UIUNDY.
Pilp on the wood, ronm- up the cheerful Maze,
Tor now In rouic Dcci'inli'V- cltillln't flays ;
U'lnti" Is pipini! Hhrill hl fro7. n Mn"t,
A'nl .1 1 ft now nr 1 f tUini! liiii k nml fast.
. t , Tiii i" . 'i.tli '1: w inter hrcczc
,11 ui'ii h iiiimij ilie I mi ' j trees ;
i.n I1.1t. ' -.n- I llt.tr buMilirH
.1 . uru- (ViujiIi .1 in II c iiitiw. Ilmv
. li u .-oiiR-l. r in. :mi vc,
. - .(.i inn,' iit . . . ..cli we love,
il 11 .1"- il li.iii 1 1 ' ii'n.
, , t.ir in tlii-ir -out li rn home.
.11 M 'ii - n'j Hi- ilieirful flr
11 r,i. iw.ik- th turn fill lyre;
. ro vih your li nit -I ami your store,
n tii i "r tto oniply fr-uii ymtr iloor.'
Literary Companion.
SocojuI A m ei 53a! Message
OF
PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATEG.
Fellow citizens nf the Senate and Home of
ltenresentttlivtx : Si net your liit anntiiil
maemblirii;. uiin'lier ritr nf lifttllli and
bountiful linrve-t bit-
in I wliilo it
i lilcss us
III! Hut li'PIl
u t t'P t" i
the
1
but presj
gives us,
titito and
,' .r ';n affairs
' last year
.lm'f !i 1, . . 1. .'ijiiiii)iiiuu
1 . ir
v . a r n 1 ' . . 1.1 1 lo by tbo
IImuho'i) !"' " ' 11 " close nf
h "t t ' i'"- I' 'be cundi-
It' i) tif 1 tit- n liviiiii "I'll titbi'f nntintis is
gr.itifviiu; tiian it bu UMiiilly been st
f TtiiPr ppvi'i'i. it is cirttiinly in no eutiffatf
turv than a mttiun i" iinbnppily distracted
vo aro might loi'imnlily bavo apprc
licnded. In the innnth nf .lime Iitt there were
H111110 Rroumli to expect that tho maritimo
p werti wbiidi, tit tli liecitinin of our do
ini'Stio diffii'iiliip.', t-n utivi.cly and uiiupccs
sarily, at tp il ink, recnni..)d the infiur
ppi.ts if n bflijjereni ii'i'V'r. wuuld siiun ro
r;i"lo frmii that poitin. vrUeh ban pioveil
imly Ip- injinioux to tbem-t'h "- tbun to our
,w n poiimrv
But tlio tcnipir.irv rPM'ropn wbi'-h nffpr
MMtil WA il"- National arms. nrd which
ui'io q i 'ip-u'i'il l'V 011 r own ilifl'iyal citl-xi-tiH
ill r ..il. Iniv liitliert'i iM'iV'l that act
of vimplp jiiitii'.'. Tm r'v.l nf which litis
mi railtciilv fltui'Ri' i, I 'r 'be in 'inent, tbo
m'cnpitiinn ami I" l-it- the Aimri.Mti peo
ple, liu tipfe-'iiiilv di-ti.tiii'il tb-' s ii'iul enn
ditiiiu utnl pffpetrii verv Jn-plv tha proa
1'prity nl' t uutiiitis with whii-li we havo
carried nn a c. tniiiPri'H that Im bei-i fteadi
lv increiihi'it; for iliol i-t half a i-etitury.
It ha at the mine lime cxi-ited political
anihitiniH and apprcheii'inns wliieli havo
produced a prnfound itiitatinn throngout
the civilized world. In this unusual ns'iU
tinn w havn forbornti from taking part in
any controvorsv between foreign States, und
bolwecn partios or factions in Mich States.
We have attempted no propagandism, and
nnknowleded no icvitlutinn ; but wo havo
luft to every nation the exclusive conduct
and management of its own affairs.
Our i-lrugio has been, of course, contrm
plated by fnieign nations with refferanee ts
to its own merits than to its mppi'fcd and
often exagnerntod effects and consequences
resulting to those nations themselves. Nev
ertheless, complaint on the part of this
(Invernment, oven if it wcio just, would cer
tainly be unviisp.
Tho treaty with Groat liritnin for tho snp
predion of the slave trade has been put into
operation with a goon pro-peer
iuccess It is an i'ceaion f -urp
to acknowledge tbnt t' r
on th 1 art nf h' M .''
Il OIIUipiRlU
. . . .
1 1' 'nil ideas
i'1'iiti. 0 1 f it,
(. , 'jnt,
1 1 r for
v,i.' : tho
as . in. in ii keu it'u y ..' n-. 1
, , ! .. . Dm'.' !
1 . ir ni' tai ui.'l ! j'"i ''
r. '
, ,1 .1 it!i llun ii'. I
M.i.it duos, h..s I)"''
un tvr tut ttut nf ("1
1 1. ah-
1 1 vied
tM for
' lU
,F ,. - Ml ) 1 1 M TUK lll.nt'lCAUE
1 , 1 p. in 11 -and nit if - "T sou
0l , , .-i, ..i'shed ai'O 'igiirnis-
ly enforced in a season of a groat commercial
lie-iv .ill- Hi" pre-ont. without commit
inu' or. nionul mistakes and inflicting unin
tentional injurios upon foriegn nations and
their subjects. A civil wnr occurring in a coun
try where foreigners reside and carry on
trado under treaty stipulations is neces
sarily fruitful of complaints of tlio vio
lation of neutral rights,
All Mich collisions tend to excito misap
prehensions and poosibly to prnduco mutual
reclamations botwoen nations which have com
mnn intorest in preserving peaco and friend
ship. In clear casos of theso kind, I have,
as fur as powlble, heard and redressed eom
plainte which have been presented by friend
ly powors.
There is still, bowerc, a lar.e sm t
ing number of doubifiil etn-e. m 'vi.i. li
the Government is nimble to nf-'ui) wul. too
Governments whoi-o proteelio-i 1- duu;an Wd
hy tho claimants,
There aro.iuoieovor, many oases 111 wb oh
tho United States or their citlssens snirer
wrongs from the naval or military author!
BLOOMS
osonoreignnatlons.whioh tho Governments
those Mates aro not nt onco prepatod to re
tires. I lmyo proposed to somo of tlio for
eign States thus mtorcstod mutual conven
. , iv Lino uvuil Klliuiv
recoived, tut has not jot been formally
I deem it my duty to recomond an appro
UrinUon tn bohalf of tlio owners of tho Nor
wegian barqo Admiral P. Tordcnskohl,
Vflucli vcesol was, in May 18G1, prorentcd
b7'bo Commander of tto blockading force
o.F Charleston from leaving that port with
a cargo, nottvithstanding a similar privilcco
llOU S iarllv hcfiiro linen n.n.i,.l .
' i 1 " hiiiumu iu 1111 ing-
1 lish vessel. 1 have directed the Secretary
I of state ii "auso the papers in tho case to bo
communicated to tho uropcr committees.
AriUCAN coi.o.NiziTto.V,
Applications havo boon mado to md by
many free Americans of African descent iO
favt)r their emigration, with a view to such
solonization ns was contcmplatod in tho ro
cont acts of Congress. Oilier parties, at
homo and abroad somo from interested
motives, others upon patriotic considerations
and still others influenced by philanthropic
sentiments havo suggested similar meas
ures : While. On tltn Otlior liniul. nnnm-al nPll.n
Spanish American llepublics havo protested
against tho sending of such colonies to their
rerpoctivo territories,
Under these circumstances, I havo do
cljncd to move any such colony to any Stato
without first obtuiniug the consent of its
Government, with an agreement on its part
to roccivo and protect such emigrants in all
tho rights of froemen ; und I have, at the
same time, offored to tho several States sit
uated within the tronics, or having colonies
there, to negociato with them, subject to the
ndvico and consont of the Sonato, to favor
the voluntary; emigration of persons of that
class to their respective territories, upon
conditions which shall ba equal' just and
huinano.
Liberia and llayti aro, as yet, the only
countries to which colonists of African do
scent from hero could go with cortainty of
being received and adopted as citizons, and
I regret to say that such persons ns contem
plate colonization do not seem as willing ta
migrnto to theso countries ns to somo others
nor so willing, ns I think their interests de
mands. I bcliove, however, tho opinion
among them in this respect Sb improving
and tlu.tcre long thcro will bo an augment
ed and considerable migration to both theso
countries from the United States.
OUR RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD.
Tho new commercial treaty between tho
United States and the sultan of Turkey has
been carried into execution. A commer
cial and consular treaty has been ncgooiat
od, ojbject to the Senato's consent, with
Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now
pending with tho Republic of Hayti. A
considerable improvemntof tho national com
merce is expected to result from theso meas
tires.
Our relations with Great Britain, Franco,
Spain, Portugal, llussia, Prussia, Denmark,
Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy,
Homo and the otlior European States, re
main undisturbed. Very favorable relations
also coutinuo to bo maintained with Turkey,
Morocco, China aud Japan.
During tho last year there has not only
been 110 cliango of onr previous relations
with tho independent Stntes of our own con
tinent, but more friendly sentiments than
have heretofore existed nro believed to be
entertained by those neighbors, whoso safoty
and progress aro so intimately connected
with our own. This statement especially
applies to Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Jlica.
Honduras" Peru and Chili.
Tho commission under tho convention
with tho republic of Now Grenada closed
its session without having audited und pass
ed upon all the claims ivliioli were submit
ted to it. A proposition is pending to re
vive tho convention, that it may bo able to
do more complete justice.
Tho joint commission between tho Unitod
States nnd the republio of Costa Jlica has
completed its labors and submitted its re
port. I have favored tho prrject for conneoting
the United States with Europe by an Atlan
tic telegraph, and a similar project to ex
tond the telegraph from San Francisco to
connect by a Pacific telegraph with tho line
which is being oxtoudod across the Russian
Empiro.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIES.
Tho territories of tho Unitod States, with
unimportant exceptions, havo remained un
disturbed by the civil war, and thoy aro
exhibiting such ovidonco of prosperity as
iuptifios an oxnuctation that somo of them
will soon bo in a condition to be organized
ns States, and be constitutionally admitted
into the Federal Union.
Tho immenso mineral resources of some
of theso territories ought tr be developed as
rapidly na possible Every step in that di
rection would havo a tendoncy to improvo
the revonues of tho government, and dimin
ish the burdens of the people. It is worthy
of your sorious consideration whether somo
extraordinary measures to promote that ona
cannot bo adopted.
The moans which suggests itself as most
likely (n be effective is n scientific explora
tion of tho mineral regions in those territo
ries, with a view to tbo publication of its
result at home aud in foroigu couijtries
a result which cannot fail to bo auspicious.
CONDITION OF OUR TINANCES.
The condition of the finances will claim
your most diligont consideration. The vast
expenditures incident to tho military and
naval operations required for the suppres
sion of tho Rebellion, havo hitherto boen
met with a promptitude and certainly unus
ual in similar circumstances, and tho pub
Ho crdit has beon fully maintained.
The continuance of the war, howevor, and
tho increased disbursements made necessary
by the augmented forces now in the field,
demand your best rollections ns to the best
modes of providing the noccssary rovenue,
without injury to business and with the least
possiblo burdens upon labor. The suspen
sion of specie payments by the banks, soon
after the commencement of your last eos
sion, made large issuos of Unitod Statos
notes unavoidable. In no other way oouldtho
payment of the troops nnd the satisfaction
of otlior just demands he so economically or
so well provided for. Tho judicious legisla
tion of Congress, securing tho reoeivabilitv
of theso notes for loans nnd internal duties,
and making them a legal tendor for other
1 dobtu, has made tbera an univoreal enrron
r " 10 mno nnu adjust such complaints
Inla proposition has beon made ospeoiolly
0 Great Untttin, to France, to Snaln anS
10 I'rUBSin. In ennh prion it l.. U.A
BURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PENN'A, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1862,
oy, and has satisfied, partially nt least, nnd
for the time, tho long-folt want of an uni
form circulating medium, saving tlnroby to
tho pooplo immenso sums in discounts and
exchanges.
A return to specie payments, boworer, nt
tho earliest period compatible with duo ro
grd to all tho intorosts concerned, should
cvor be kept in viow. Fluctuations in tho
Value of curroncy nro always injurious, and
to rmluco theso fluctuations to tho lowest
possible point will always bo a lending pur
poso in wiso legislation. Convertibility,
prompt nnd certain convertibility into coin,
is generally acknowledged to be tho best and
surest safeguard against thorn ; and it is ox
trcmely doubtful whether a circulation of
United Stntes notos, payablo in com, and
sufficiently largo for tho wants of the pooplo,
can be permanently, usefully and safely
maintained. Is there, thon, auy otlior moio
ip which the necessary provision for the pub
lie wants can le made, and tho groat nd
rantnges of a safe and uuiform currency se-
ourca
U4NKIN0 ASSOCIATIONS rROFOSED.
I knot of nono which promises such cer
tain results, ond is nt the jnmo time so un
objectionable:, the organization of Dank
iugAsssciitliuntf under a general Act of Con
gress, woll guarded : its provisions. To
snch Associations the Government might
furnish circulating notes 00 tho "security of
United Slates bonds depositod in tho Trcas
ury. Theso notes, prepared undof ilie su
pervision of proper oflioers, being uniform
ni appearance nnd security and convertible,
always into coin would, at once protect la
bor against tho evils of a vicieus curroncy,
end Incilitato commerce by cheap and safe
exchanges ; a moderate reservation from tho
interest on the bonds would compensate tho
United Statos lor tho preparation and dis
tribution of the notos and a general super
vision of tho system, and would lighten lho
bnrden of that part of tho public debt em
ployed as securities. The public credit,
moreover, would bo greatly improved and
tho negotiation of new loans greatly facilita
ted by the steady mnrkel demand forGovorn
mnnt bonds which tho adoption of the pro
posed system would create
It is an additional recommendation of tho
measure, of considerable weight, in my
jndgpment, that it would reconcile, ns far as
possible, all existing interests liy the oppor
tunity offered to existing institutions to re
organize under the net, substituting only
the secured, uniform, national circulation,
for thu local and various circulation, secured
and insecured, now issued by them,
TREASURY I1CCEI1T3 AND EXPENDITURES.
Tiio receipts into tho Treasury from all
sources, including loans and the balaneo
from tho preceeding yoar. for the fiscal year
ending on tho 150th of ,luno, 180'J, wero
SoSIi.SS.'i, 247.0G ; nf which sum 19.(130,
;i'.)7,C2 were deriyod from Customs, 1,71)3
;i!51,7;i fnm th'i direct tax ; from Pub
lie lands, S132,2I).'!,77 ! from miscellaneous
eourcps, SVK!l 787,01: from loans in all forms
$329.fl92. dOO.oO. Tho remainder, 2,287.
003,811, was the balance from last year.
The disbursements during the snuio peri
od were : For Congression
al, Executive and Judicial
purposes Sfi.OMXW.
For foreign intcrcourso l,;i;j9, 710,33
lor miscellaneous oxpenses
(including tho mints, loans
Post Olllce delicioncies,
collection of revenue and
other like chnrge) 1-1,129,771,50
Expenses under tho Interior
Department 0,102,985,52
Under the War Department Hi) l.;!08,4()7,00
Under tbo Navy Department 12,071,509, 09
For interest on tho -Hiblic
debt 13,190,:52l,15
For payment nf tbo public
debt, including tho reim
bursement nf tlio tempora
ry loau nnd redemptions 90,090,922,09
Making an aggregate of 570,811,700,25
And leaving a balance in the Treasury on
tho lhtday of July, 1802, of l;!,01;!,5 Ul.Sl.
It should be obsorved that the sum ol90,
090,922,00 expendod for tho reimbursement
nnd redemption of tho public debt, being
included nlso in the loans mado, may bo
properly deducted both from tho receipts
and expenditure', leaving the actual receipts
for tho year, 487,788.:12 1,97, and tha ex
penditures, 474,74-1,788, 10.
Other information on the subject of the
fiuniicos will bo found in the Report of tho
Secretary af the Treasury, to whoso state
ments and views I invite your most candid
and considerate attention.
Tho reports of the Secretaries of War nnd
of the Navy are herowith transmitted. Theso
ropnrts though longthy, are scarcely more
than brief abstracts of tho very numerous
and extensive transactions and operations
conducted through those Departments.
Nor could I give 11 munmnry of them hero
upon any principlo which would admit of it
being much shorter than tha reports them
selves. I therefore content myself with lay
ing tho reports before you, aud asking your
attention to them.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
It gives me ploasure to report a decided
improvement in tho financial condition of
the Post Office Department.
As compared with several preceeding
years, the receipts for thn fiscal yoar 1801
amounted to 8,349,290,40, which embraced
tho revenue from all thu States of tho Union
for three quartern of that year.
Notwithstanding the cessation of revenue
from the so-called Sccoodcd States during
the last fiscal year, tho increase of the cor
re.-ipondence of tno Loyal Stntes has been
sufficient to prnduco a revenue during the
enine year of 8,299,820,90, boingonly $54),
000 loss than was derived from all the
States of tho Union during the provious
year, The expenditures choir a still more
favorable result, Tho amount expeudod in
1801 was 13,000,759,11.
For the last year tho amount has been ro
ducod to 11, 125, 30 1,13, showing a docroase
of about 2,481,000 in tho expenditures as
compared with the proceeding year, nnd
about 3,750,000 as compared with tho fis
cal yoar 1800.
Tlio delicienoy in the Department for tho
previous year was 4,551,900,98. For tho
last fisoaf year it was reduced to 2,112,814
57. Those favorable result aro in part
owing tu tho cessation uf mail service in the
insurrectionary States, and in part to a
careful review of all expenditures in that
Department in tho interest uf economy. Tho
etlicionoy of lho postal service, it is believed
has also been much improved,
Tho Postm.istet-Genurnl has alio opened
n corespondonct, through the Department
of Stato, with foreign Governments, propos
ing n convention of postal representatives
for tho purposo of simplifying the rates of
foreign postngonnd to expedite tbo foreign
mails.
This proposition equally important to our
adopted citizens, and to tlio commercial in
terests of this country, has beon favorably
entertained nnd agreed to by nil tho Gov
ernments from whom replies have been
received,
I ask the attention of Congress to tlio
suggestion of the Postmnster-Genoral in bis
report respecting tho further legislation ro
quirod in his opinion for tbo bonefit of the
postal service.
THE rirntio LANDS.
The Sccrotarv of tho Interior reports ns
follows in regard to tho publio lands :
"Tho publio lnnd havo conned to bo a
source of revenue. From the 1st of July,
1S01, to tho 30th of September, 18G2, tho
entire cash receipts, from the snlo of lands
vfcre 137,470,20, a sum much less than tho
expenses of our land system duriog the
same period."
Tho Homestead law, which will take ef
fect on tho 1st of January next, offiirs such
inducements to settlors that eales for cash
cannot bo expected to nn extent sufficient to
meet tho expensos nf thoGonoral Land Office
nnd the cost of surveying and bringing tbo
land into market.
Tlio discrepancy botween tlio sum here
state1 asnrising from the eales of tho public
lands ami lho sums derived from the same
sotirco as repoffed from Treasury Depart
ment arisos, I undoritand, from tho fact
that the periods of time, if.'ough apparently,
wero not really coincident ot the beginning
point, the Treasury report including ft con
siderable sum now, which had previously
hern reported from the Interior, eufiioionly
large to graatly overreach tha sum dorivod
from the threo mouths now reported upon by
the Socrctary of tho Interior, and not by tha
Secretary of tho Treasury.
THE INDIAN TRIBES.
The Indian tribes upon our frontisrs havo,
during the past year, manifested 11 spirit of
insubordination and at several points have
engagod in open hostilities against the
whito settlements in their vicinity.
Tho tribes oceupying the Indian country
South of Kansas denounced their allegiance
to tho United States, and entered into treat
ies with tho insurgonts, Tlinso who rotnain
cd loyal to tho United Statos wero driven
from tho country.
Tbo Chief of tho Chorokeas has visited
this city for the purposo of restoring the
former rolations of the triho with tho United
States. Ha tillodges that they wero con
strained by a superior force to enter into
treaties with the insurgents, and that the
United States noglected to furnish tho pro
tection which their treaty stipulations re
quired. In the month nf August last, tho
Sioux Indians in Minnesota attacked tho
settlements in their vicinity with oxtrome
ferocity, killing, indiscriminately, men wo
men and children. This attack was wholly
un9xpccted, and thoroforo no means of de
fense had been provided.
It is estimated that pot less than S00 per
sons wero killed by the Indians, and a large
aniuunt of property destroyod. How this
outbreak was induced, is not definitely
known, nnd suspicions which may bo unjust
need not bo stated.
Information was recoived by tlio Indian
Iturenu, from difierent sources, nbout the
timo hostilities were conimoncod, that a si
multaneous attack was to bo mado upon tbo
white settlements by all tho tribes between
the Mississippi river nnd tho Roeky moun
tains Tho Stato of Minnesota has suffered
great injury fruin this Indian war. A largo
portion uf her territory has baen depopu
lated, and n severe loss has beon sustained
by tho destruction of property.
Tho pooplo of that Stato manifest much
anxiety fur tho removal of tho tribes beyond
tho limits of the State, as a guarantee
against futuro hostilities. Tho Commission
er of Indian Affairs will furnish full dofails.
I submit for your especial consideration,
whether our Indian systom shall not ho re
modeled. Many wiso nnd good men havo
impressed mo with tho belief that this can
be profitably dono.
PACiriO RAILROAD ILLINOIS CANAL.
I submit a statement of tho proceedings
of tho Commissioners, which shows tho pro
gress that has been made in tho enterprise
nf constructing the Pasifio Rnilroad ; and
this suggests tho earliest completion of this
road, and also tho favorable ajtion of Con-gre-s
upon tlio projocts now pending boforo
them for onlnrging tho capacities of tha
groat canals, in New York and Illinois, 11s
being of vital nnd rapidly increasing im
portance to the whole nation, and especially
to the vast interior rogion heroafter to bo
noticed at soma greater length. I propose
having prepared and laid boforo you, at nn
early day, somo interesting and valuable
statistical information upon this subject.
Tho military and commercial importance
of enlhrging tho Illinois and Michigan canal
nml improving the Illinois river, is present
ed in tho report of Col. Webster to the Sec
retary of War, and now transmitted to Con
gress. I respectfully ask attention to it.
TUB AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
To carry out tlio provisions of tho Aot of
Congress of the 15th of May last, I havo
caused the Department of Agriculture of the
United States to bo organized. Tlio, Com
mbjsionor informs roo that within the period
of 11 few months this Department has estab
lished au extensivo syntom of corrospondenoo
and oxchnnges, both at home and abroad,
whioh promises to effect highly boncficial
results in tho development of correct knowl
edge of recent iniproromonts in agriculture,
in the introduction of new products, and in
tho agricultural statistics of the differont
States. Also, that it will soon be prepared
to distribute largoly, seeds, cereals, plants
and cutting, and has already published and
liberally diffused much valuable informa,
ti on, in anticipation of a more elaborate- re
port, which will in duo timo bo furnished,
embracing somo vulunblo tests in chemical
science, now in progress in tho laboratory.
The creation nf this Dnnartment was for
the moro immediate bonefit uf a largo class
of our must valuable oitiaens, and 1 trust
that the liberal basis upon which it has been
organized will not only timet your approba
tion, but that it will realize nt no distant
day nil the fondest anticipations nf its most
lutiiguinn friends, ami become the fruitful
source of udvnutuge to all our people
DISUNION AN INADEQUATE REMEDY
On the 22d day of September last, a procla.
mat ion was issuod by tho executive, a copy
of which is herewith submitted. In accor
dance with tho purpose exprcssod in the sec
ond paragraph or tnat paper, I now respect
fully recall your attention to wbnt may bo
callod "Compensated Emancipation."
A nation may ho said to consist of its tcri
tory. its pcoplo and its laws, The territory
is tho only part which U of cortaiu durabil
ity. "Ono generation passoth away, and
another generation uumeth but tbo earth
abidcth for ever."
It is of tho first importance to duly consid
er ond estimate this evor enduring part.
That portion of tho earth.s surlaco which
is owned and inhabited by the psople of tho
Unitod States is woll adapted to bo tho homo
of ono national family, and it is not woll
adapted for two or tmjro. Its vast exttnt
and its variety of climate and productions
aro of advantage in this age for ono people
whatever thoy might havo beon in former
ages.
Steam, telegraphs nnd intelligence havo
brought those to bo nn advantageous com
bination for nne united people In tho in
augural address I briefly pointed out tho
total iuadeqtiaey of Disunion as a remedy
for the differences between the peoplo of tho
two sections. 1 did so in language which
I cannot improve, and which, thorcforo, I
beg to repent !
"One section of our country belivcs that
slvery h'ri;hl and ought to bo extended-,
whilo the other bulioves it is wrong, and
ought not to be extended. This is the unly
substantial dispute. The fugitive slnvo
clause of the Constitution and tho law for
tho suppression of the foreign slnve trado,
aro each as well enforced perhaps as nnvlawa
can ever bo in a community whero the moral
sense of tho pooplo imperfectly supports
tlio law itself. The groat body of the peo
ple nbide by tho dry legal obligation in. both
cases, and a tew break ovor in each. This
I think canuot bo perfectly curod, anb it
would be worso iu both oaes ajter tho sep
aration in tho sections than before. Tho
foJeign slavetrade now imperfectly suppress
ed, would bo ultimately revived without re
striction in nne section, while fngitivo slaves,
now only partially surrendered, would not bo
snrreudored at all by tho other. Physically
speaking, wa cannot separato. We cannot
romove our respective sections from each
otlior, nor build impassable walls between
them. A husband and wifomay be divorc
ed nnd go ont of the presence nnd beyond
the reach of each other, but tho different
parts of our country cannot do this. Thoy
cannot but remain fuco to face, and inter
course either amicable or hostile-must con
tinue betwoen thsm. Is it pissible, thou, to
make that intcrcourso more adyautngcous or
satisfactory ajter separtiori than before? Can
nlions make treaties easier than friends can
make law.-? Can trentios bo moro faith
fully enforced between aliens than laws can
atnoug friends? Supposo you go to war.
Yuu caunot tight ulways, and wlien, aftor
much lues on both sides, nnd 110 gain on
either, you cease lighting, the identical old
question ns to terms of intcrcourso are
ugain upon you.
UIITICUI.TIES OF SEPERATION.
Thoro is no line, btraight or crooked,
suitable for a national boundcry, upon
which to diviilo Trace through from
cast to west upon tho line between the free
and slave country, and wo shall find a
little more than ono third of its length arc
rivers easy to bo crossed, am! populated,
or soon to bo populated, thickly upon
both sides, while nearly nil its remaining,
length are merely surveyors' linos, linos
ovor which pooplo may walk back and
forth without any consciousness of their
presence. No part of this lino can be
made any moro difficult to pass by wri
ting it down upon paper or parchment as
a national houndry.
Tho fact cf separation, if it comes,
gives up, on the part of the seceding sec
tion, the fngitivo slave olauso along with
all otlior Constitutional obligations upon
tho sections secoded from, whiio I should
expect no treaty stipulation would cvor
bo mado to take its place. Rut there is
auotlicr difficulty. The great interior re
gion, bounded cast by the Alleghcnies,
noith by the Hritibh Dominions, west" by
tho Rocky Mountains, and south by the
lino along whioh tho culture of corn and
cotton meets, and which includes part of
Virginia, part of Tennessee, all of Ken
tucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon
sin, illiuois,, M isouri, Kansas, Iowa,
Minnesota, nnd the Territories of Daco
tab, Nebraska and part of Colorado, al
ready has above ton millions of people,
and will havo fifty millions within fifty
years, if not prevented by any political
lolly or mistake. It contains more than
ono third of tho country owned by tho
United States, certainly more than ono
million of tquare miles. Onco half ns
populous as Massachusetts already is, it
would have more than seventy five mill
ions of pcoplo. A glanco at the map
shows that, territorially speaking, it is
tho great body of tho republic. Tho oth
er parU are but marginal borders to it,
the magnificent region sloping west from
tho Kooky .Mountains to tho l'acifio being
tho deepest, and also tbo richest iu unde
veloped resources.
In tho production of provisions, grains,
grasses and all which proceed from them,
this great interior region is naturally one
of tlio most important in the world.
Ascertain from the statistics tho small
proportion of tho region which has as yet
been brought into cultivation, and also tho
larg'i aud rapidly increasing amount of
its products, and we shall bo overwhelmed
with tho magnitudo of tho prospect pre
sented. And yet this region has no sea
coast touches no ocoan anywhere. As
part of 0110 nation its pcoplo now find and
may forever liud their way to Europo by
Now York, to South America and Africa
by Now Orleans, aud to Asia by San
Fraiibisco; but separato our common
country into two nations, as designed by
tbe present Rebellion, and cvcry'iuan of
this interior region is thereby cut off from
somo ono or moro of theso outlets, not,
perhaps, by a physical barrier, but by
embarrassing and oucrous trade rcgula
tions, and this is truo wherever a dividing
or boundary lino may bo fixod.
l'laco it betwocu tho now frco and Blayo
country, or place it south of Kontuoky,
or north of Ohio, and still tho truth ro
mnins that none south of it can trado to
any port or placo north of it, and nono
north of it oan trado to any port or placo
south of it, except upon tonus dictated
by a Government foreign, to them. Theso
outlets, cast, west and south, nro iudia
pcnsablo to tho well being of tho people
inhabiting and to inhabit this vast interi
or region. Which of tho thrco may bo
tho best is no proper quostion; all aro
better than either, all of right belong to
that peoplo and to their successors forev
er. Truo to themselves, they will not
ask whero a lino of separation shall bo
but will yow rather that there shall bo
no luoh line. Nor aro tho marginal re
gions less interested in tho communica
tions to aud through them to tho great
outside world. They, too, and each of
them, muat have access to this Egypt of
tho west, without paying toll at the cros
sing of any national boundary.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION PRO
POSED. Our national strife springs not from
our pormpneut part, not from the land
wo inhabit, not from our national home
stead. Thcro is no possible severing of
this but would multiply and not mitigate
evils among us.
In all ili) adaptions and aptitudes, it
demands Union and abhors separation ;
in fact it would ere long forco ro-union,
howover much of blood and treasure tho
sopcration might havo cost. Our strife
pertains to ourselves, to the passing gen
orations of men, and it can, without con
vulsion, be hushed forever, with the
passiug of one generation. In this view
I rcccommeud tho adoption of the follow
ing resolutions and articles, amendatory
to tho Constitution of tho United Statos.
Jicsolved, by tho Senate and House of
Representatives of tho United States of
America in Congress assembled, two
thirds of both Houses concurring, that tho
following artioles bo proposed to tho Leg
islatures or Conventions of the scvoral
States, as amendments to tho Constitu
tion of tho United States, all or any of
which articles, when ratified by three
fourths of the said Legislatures or Con
ventions, to bo valid as part or patts of
said Constitution, viz :
Article .Every Stato wherein slavery
now exists, which shall abolish the same
therein, at any timo or times before the
Grit day of January, in tho year of our
Lord ono thousand nine hundrod, shall
receive compensation from tho United
States as follows, to wit :
The President of tho United States
shall deliver to every such State bonds
of the Utitetl States, bearing interest at
the rate of percent, per annum, to
an amount equal to tho aggregate gum of
for each slave shown to havo beon
therein by tho eighth census of the Uni
ted States, said bonds to be delivered to
such Stato by installments, or in ono
parcel, at the completion of tho abolish
ment, accordingly as the same shall have
been gradual, or at ona time, within such
Stato ; and interest shall begin to run
upon any such bond only from the proper
timo of its delivery us aforesaid. Any
State haying received bonds as aforesaid,
aud afterwards reintroducing or tolera
ting slavery therein, shall refund to the
United States the bonds so received, or
the value thereof, and all interest paid
thereon.
Artielo .All slaves who shall havo
enjoyed actual freedom by the chances of
the war, at any time before tho end of
tbo Rebellion, shall bo forever free, but
all owners of such who shall not have been
disloyal shall be compensated for them at
the samo rates as is provided for States
adopting abolishment of slavery, but in
such way that no slavo shall be twice ac
counted for. ,
Article .Congress may appropriate
money and otherwise provide for coloni
zing frco colored persons, with their own
consent, at any placo or places without
the United States.
DISCUSSION OF THE EMANCIPATION MEA
SURE. I beg indulgence to discuss these pro
posed articles at somo longth. Without
slavery tho rebellion would never have ex
isted ; without slavery it could not con
tinuc.
Among tho frionds of tho Uuion thero
is a great diversity of sentiment and poli
cy iu regard to slavery and tho African
race amongst us. Some would perpctu
nto slavery ; some would abolith it, sud
denly, and without compensation ; somo
would abolish it gradually, and with
compensation ; somo would rcmovo tho
freed pcoplo from us, and some would
retain them with us, and there aro yet
other minor diversities. Because of these
diversities wo wasto muoh strength iu
struggles among ourselves. Ry mutual
concession we should harmonize aud act
together. This would be compromise,
but it would ho compromise among the
friends and not the enemies of tho Union.
Theso articles aro intended to embody a
plan of such mutual concession. If tho
plan shall bo adopted, it is assumed that
emancipation will follow, at least iu sev
eral of the States.
As to the first artiolo, tho maiu points
are first, tho emancipation , soooudly,
the longth of timo for consummating it,
thirty seven years, aud thirdly, tho com
pensation. Tho emancipation will be unsatisfac
tory to thu advocated of perpetual sl-ivcrv
buttlio length of lime blioulil rjtcatl"
VOLUME 26.
mitigate their tlissatistnction, The time
, spares both races from thu evils of sud-
uon ticrangciiicnt, in facet rrom the
necessity of any tlcratigcfifont, while
most of those whoso habitual course of
thought will be disturbed by the measure
will have passed away before its con
summation. They will never see it.
Another class will hail tho prospect of
emancipation, but will deprecato tho
length of time. They will fed that it
gives too little to tho now living slaves.
Rut it really gives them much. It saves
them from tho vagrant destitution which
must largely attend immediate emana
tion in localities whero their numbers ar
very great, and it gives tho inspiring as
surance that their posterity shall be fre
forover.
IJENKF1TS OF THE PROPOSED l'DAX
The plan luaves to eaoh Stato choosing
to act under it, to abolish slavery now or
at the ond of the century, or at any inter
mediate time, or by degrees, extending
ovor Mm whole or any part of tho period",
and it obliges no two States to proceed
aliko. It also provides for compensation
and generally tho modo of making it.
This, it would seem, mutt further mit
igato the dissatisfaction of those who fa
vor perpetual slavery, and especially of
thoso who aro to receive the compensation.
Doubtless some of thoso who arc to pay,
and not to reeeivo, will object ; yet tho
measure is both just and economical. In
a certain sense, tho liberation of slavca
is tho destruction of property property
acquired by descent or by purchase, tha
same as any other property. It is no
less true for having been often said, that
tho pcoplo of tho South are not more re
spousibk) for tho original introduction of
this property than are tbo people of tho
North ; and, when it is remembered how
unhesitatingly wo all use cotton and sugar,
and share tho profits of dealing in them,
it may not be quito safe to jay that the
South has been more responsible than tto
North for its continuance.
If then, for a common object, this prop
prty is to be sacrificed is it not just that
it bo done at a common charge ? And if,
with less money or money more easily
paid, we can proscrvo the "benefits of tho
Union by this means than wo can by tho
war alone, is it not also economical to do
it I Let us ascertain the sum we have ex
pended in tho war iince comriensatcd
emancipation was proposed last" March,
and consider whether, if that measure
bad been promptly accepted by even somo
of the Slavo States, tho samo sum would
not have dono more to close tho war than
has beon otherwise dono. If so, tho
measure would save money, and in that
view would be a prudent aud economical
measure Certainly, it is not so easy to
pay something as it is to pay nothing, but
it oasier to pay a largo sum than it is to
pay a larger one And it is easier to
pay any sum when wo aro ablo than it is
to pay before we aro ablo. The war re
quires largo sum3, and requires them at
onco. Tho aggregate sum necessary for
compensation emancipation, of course,
would bo largo, but it would require 110
ready cash, nor the bonds even, auy fas
ter than the emancipation progress. This
might not, and probably would not, oloso
before tho end of the thirty-seven years.
At that timo wo shall probably havo a
hundred millions of peoplo to share the
burden instead of thirty-one millions, as
now. And not only no, but the incrcaso
of our population may be expected to
continuo for a long timo after that period
as rapidly as before, because our territory
will not havo become full. I do not state
il 1 . ....
mis incoiisiuerateiy. At tho samo ratio
rof increase which wo have maintained on
an average from our first National Cen
sus, in 1700, until that of 1800, wethould
in 1900 have a population of 103,208,415
and why may wo not continuo that ratio
far beyond that period ? Our abundant
room, our broad National homestead, is
our ample rosourco.
Whero our territory as limited as aro
the British Isles, very certainly our pop
ulation could not expand as ttated. In
stead of receiving lho foreign born ns
now, wo should be compelled to send part
of the native born away. Rut such is
not our condition. Wo havo 2,003,000
square miles. Europo has 3,800,000,
with a population averaging 73i persons
to tho square mile. Why may net our
country at soma timo average as many ?
Is it less fertile ? Has it more wasto sur
face by mountains, rivors, lakes, deserts,
or other causes ? 'la it inferior to Eu
rope in any natural advantago? If then
wo aro at some time to be as populous as
Europe, how soon ! As to when this may
be wo can judgo by tho past and tho pres
ent. As to when it will bo, if ever, de
peuds much on whether we maintain tho
Union.
Several of our States aro already abovo
tho avcrago of Europo, 73j to tho squaro
mile Massachusetts has l.r7, Rhodo
Island 133, Connecticut 00, Now York
aud New Jersov oach 80. Also tho two
ol her great States, Pennsylvania and
Ohio, are not far below, the former hav
ing 03, aud tho latter 50.
The States already above the European
average, except New York, have inorciis
cd in as rapid a ratio tinea passing that
point as over before, while no one of them
is equal to somo other parts of our oouu
try in natural capacity for sustaining a
donbo populatipn. Taking tho nation in
tho aggregate, and wo find its population
and ratio of incrcaso for lho ncvoral do
ccnnial periods to be as follows :
1700 :5,J2'J.,-J7.
1 -?00-o 3.v :? ; 8V03 per rent, ra
lio ol lnuc tsc.
w
J
1
K:
ft
i -ii
WA
if i
ii i
i -